CN109616767B - Hybrid angle-fed dual-polarization microstrip patch antenna device - Google Patents

Hybrid angle-fed dual-polarization microstrip patch antenna device Download PDF

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CN109616767B
CN109616767B CN201811436048.1A CN201811436048A CN109616767B CN 109616767 B CN109616767 B CN 109616767B CN 201811436048 A CN201811436048 A CN 201811436048A CN 109616767 B CN109616767 B CN 109616767B
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microstrip
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CN109616767A (en
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宋立众
薛敬宏
王静
孙正鼐
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Harbin Institute of Technology Weihai
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of microwave and antenna, in particular to a hybrid angle-fed dual-polarization microstrip patch antenna device which is characterized by being provided with a dielectric substrate, wherein the dielectric substrate is provided with a square microstrip patch radiator, a side-fed microstrip line, an impedance matching stub and a bottom-fed coaxial line, one corner of the square microstrip patch radiator is connected with the front end of the side-fed microstrip line, the impedance matching stub is connected with the side-fed microstrip line, and the bottom-fed coaxial line performs bottom feeding on the other corner adjacent to the corner connected with the side-fed microstrip line in the square microstrip patch radiator so as to enable the antenna to be in a dual-polarization working mode.

Description

Hybrid angle-fed dual-polarization microstrip patch antenna device
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the technical field of microwaves and antennas, in particular to a hybrid angle-fed dual-polarized microstrip patch antenna device.
Background art:
the antenna plays an irreplaceable role as a sensor device in a radio communication system. In general, a radio electronic system adopts a single-polarization working mode, and an antenna also adopts a single-polarization working state; in order to effectively improve the performance of a radio system, the polarization characteristics of electromagnetic waves are gaining more and more importance, and the utilization of polarization information is increasing. The dual-polarized antenna is a sensor device of a dual-polarized electronic system, and in actual engineering, the design of the dual-polarized antenna is very critical. Commonly used dual-polarized antennas include dual-polarized microstrip antennas, dual-polarized dipole antennas, dual-polarized horn antennas, dual-polarized slot antennas, and the like. Among them, the dual polarized microstrip antenna is one of the commonly used forms, and has been widely used due to its low profile, low cost, and flexible performance.
There are various feeding modes of microstrip antenna, such as microstrip line side feeding, coaxial line bottom feeding, slot coupling feeding, proximity coupling feeding, etc. The corner feed is a new microstrip patch feeding mode.
The invention content is as follows:
aiming at the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the invention provides a hybrid angle-fed dual-polarization microstrip patch antenna device which is suitable for radio systems such as satellite remote sensing, navigation, aircraft remote control and remote measurement, mobile communication, radar detection and the like.
The invention can be achieved by the following measures:
a mixed angle-fed dual-polarization microstrip patch antenna device is characterized by being provided with a dielectric substrate, wherein the dielectric substrate is provided with a square microstrip patch radiator, a side-fed microstrip line, an impedance matching stub and a bottom-fed coaxial line, one angle of the square microstrip patch radiator is connected with the front end of the side-fed microstrip line, the impedance matching stub is connected with the side-fed microstrip line, and the bottom-fed coaxial line performs bottom feeding on the other angle, adjacent to the angle connected with the side-fed microstrip line, in the square microstrip patch radiator, so that the antenna is in a dual-polarization working mode; wherein the size of the square microstrip patch should satisfy formula (1):
Figure GDA0001981097020000021
in the formula frIs the patch resonant frequency; a' is the equivalent side length of the patch; epsilonefIs the equivalent relative permittivity. Resonance resistance RAAnd fr、wjAnd h, the empirical formula is:
Figure GDA0001981097020000022
wjand h satisfies
Figure GDA0001981097020000023
According to the cavity theory, the angle fed will excite TM simultaneously10Mode and TM01Mode, the internal field of the cavity region under the square patch is therefore (ignoring higher order modes):
Figure GDA0001981097020000024
wherein a is the side length of the patch, omega is the angular frequency, muIs the substrate permeability, B0Is constant (excitation coefficient).
The invention discloses a coaxial line bottom feed position and a microstrip line side feed position which are arranged on adjacent corners of a square microstrip line, and can excite the impedance of a dual-polarized orthogonal field mode side feed microstrip line by adopting an impedance transformation section and an impedance tuning section, the invention adopts the gradual change impedance transformation and an open-circuit single-branch tuner to realize impedance matching, wherein the real part of the impedance is 50 ohms by adopting the gradual change impedance transformation, the open-circuit single-branch tuner generates corresponding reactance to realize tuning, and finally the matching with the microstrip line with the characteristic impedance of 50 ohms is obtained.
In summary, the present invention provides a hybrid feeding dual-polarized microstrip antenna system device using a combination of an angle feed and a coaxial line bottom feed; the whole antenna is made of the same printed circuit, is simple in design, low in cost and high in processing precision, and has wide bandwidth, good polarization characteristic and directional diagram characteristic. The invention is suitable for radio systems such as satellite remote sensing, navigation, aircraft remote control and remote measurement, wireless communication, radar and the like.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a square patch of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a square patch and coordinate system of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the present invention, in which fig. 4(a) is a front view of the present invention and fig. 4(b) is a rear view of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a simulation result of circuit characteristics of the hybrid-feed dual-polarized microstrip antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention, where 5(a) is a microstrip line side feed port, 5(b) is a coaxial line bottom feed port, and 5(c) is port isolation.
Fig. 6 is a simulation result of radiation characteristics of port 1 of the dual-polarized microstrip antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention, where 6(a) is a three-dimensional gain pattern, 6(b) is a three-dimensional axial ratio pattern, 6(c) is a gain pattern of xoz planes, 6(d) is an axial ratio pattern of xoz planes, 6(e) is a gain pattern of yoz plane, and 6(f) is an axial ratio pattern of yoz plane.
Fig. 7 is a simulation result of radiation characteristics of port 2 of the dual-polarized microstrip antenna according to the embodiment of the present invention, where 7(a) is a three-dimensional gain pattern, 7(b) is a three-dimensional axial ratio pattern, 7(c) is a gain pattern of xoz planes, 7(d) is an axial ratio pattern of xoz planes, 7(e) is a gain pattern of yoz plane, and 7(f) is an axial ratio pattern of yoz plane.
Reference numerals: 1 is a square patch radiator, and 2 is a dielectric substrate of a dual-polarized radiator; 3 is microstrip line of side feed, 4 is impedance matching branch, 5 is coaxial line of bottom feed, and 6 is impedance conversion section.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The invention discloses a hybrid feed dual-polarized microstrip antenna system device combining angle feed and coaxial line bottom feed. The side-fed microstrip line and the impedance matching branch are positioned on one side of the single-layer microwave printed circuit substrate, the square microstrip patch is side-fed, and a coaxial line is adopted for side-feeding on the corner of the other adjacent square patch, so that the antenna is in a dual-polarized working mode. The model of the hybrid feed dual-polarized microstrip antenna system designed by the invention and adopting the combination of the angle feed and the coaxial line bottom feed is shown in figure 1. In fig. 1, 1 is a square patch radiator, and 2 is a dielectric substrate of a dual-polarized radiator; 3 is microstrip line of side feed, 4 is impedance matching branch, 5 is coaxial line of bottom feed, and 6 is impedance conversion section.
The corner feed square patch generates a radiation field through the fringe field between the four edges of the unit and the grounding plate, and the total composite field is TE10Die and TE01The superposition of the modes, the main polarization, is the vertical polarization, as shown in FIG. 2. The size of the square patch satisfies formula (1):
Figure GDA0001981097020000051
in the formula frIs the patch resonant frequency; a' is the equivalent side length of the patch; epsilonefIs the equivalent relative permittivity. Resonance resistance RAAnd fr、wjAnd h, the empirical formula is:
Figure GDA0001981097020000052
wjand h is preferably satisfied
Figure GDA0001981097020000053
The error between the calculated value of the resonance frequency and the test value is minimized.
Considering the antenna unit shown in fig. 3, the thickness h of the substrate is much smaller than the operating wavelength, so that the calculation formula of the resonant frequency can be derived by applying the theory of cavity model and the perturbation method. According to the cavity theory, the angle fed will excite TM simultaneously10Mode and TM01Mode, the internal field of the cavity region under the square patch is therefore (ignoring higher order modes):
Figure GDA0001981097020000054
wherein a is the side length of the patch, omega is the angular frequency, mu is the magnetic permeability of the substrate, B0Is constant (excitation coefficient).
Fig. 4 and 5 show the front view and the rear view of the hybrid feeding dual-polarized microstrip antenna with the combination of the angle feed and the coaxial line bottom feed. It can be seen that the coaxial line bottom feed position and the microstrip line side feed position are on the adjacent corners of the square microstrip line, and a dual-polarized orthogonal field mode can be excited. The position of the coaxial line is reasonably adjusted, and the resonance state that the impedance of the port is 50 ohms can be realized; the impedance of the side-fed microstrip line needs to adopt an impedance transformation section and an impedance tuning section, the invention adopts the gradual change impedance transformation and the open-circuit single-branch tuner to realize the impedance matching, wherein, the real part of the impedance is 50 ohms by adopting the gradual change impedance transformation, the open-circuit single-branch tuner generates corresponding reactance to realize the tuning, and finally, the matching with the microstrip line with the characteristic impedance of 50 ohms is obtained.
Example (b):
the invention designs a specific hybrid feed dual-polarized microstrip antenna device combining angle feed and coaxial line bottom feed, full-wave electromagnetic simulation software is adopted to carry out performance simulation on the antenna array, and the simulation experiment result verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the hybrid feed dual-polarized microstrip antenna device combining angle feed and coaxial line bottom feed.
The circuit characteristics of the hybrid feed dual-polarized microstrip antenna designed by the invention and adopting the combination of the angle feed and the coaxial line bottom feed are shown in figure 5, and as can be seen from the figure, the central working frequency point f0In the above, the return loss of the port 1 (microstrip line side feed port) of the antenna is about-10 dB, the return loss of the port 2 (coaxial line bottom feed port) is about lower than-5.4 dB, and the port isolation is about-25 dB.
To characterize the radiation characteristics of the antenna, fig. 6 and 7 show the frequency f0And (3) simulation results of the radiation gain directional diagram and the axial ratio directional diagram of the antenna. On a working frequency point, the radiation gain of a port 1 of the designed hybrid feed dual-polarized microstrip antenna adopting angle feed and coaxial line bottom feed is about 3.2dB, and the axial ratio of a main radiation direction is more than 17 dB; the radiation gain of the port 1 is about 5dB, and the axial ratio of the main radiation direction is more than 27 dB; .
In summary, the present invention provides a hybrid feeding dual-polarized microstrip antenna system device using a combination of an angle feed and a coaxial line bottom feed; the whole antenna is made of the same printed circuit, is simple in design, low in cost and high in processing precision, and has wide bandwidth, good polarization characteristic and directional diagram characteristic. The invention is suitable for radio systems such as satellite remote sensing, navigation, aircraft remote control and remote measurement, wireless communication, radar and the like.

Claims (2)

1. A mixed angle-fed dual-polarization microstrip patch antenna device is characterized by being provided with a dielectric substrate, wherein the dielectric substrate is provided with a square microstrip patch radiator, a side-fed microstrip line, an impedance matching stub and a bottom-fed coaxial line, one angle of the square microstrip patch radiator is connected with the front end of the side-fed microstrip line, the impedance matching stub is connected with the side-fed microstrip line, and the bottom-fed coaxial line performs bottom feeding on the other angle, adjacent to the angle connected with the side-fed microstrip line, in the square microstrip patch radiator, so that the antenna is in a dual-polarization working mode; wherein the size of the square microstrip patch should satisfy formula (1):
Figure FDA0002820040880000011
in the formula frIs the patch resonant frequency; a' is the equivalent side length of the patch; epsilonefA resonance resistance R as an equivalent relative dielectric constantAAnd fr、wjAnd h, the empirical formula is:
Figure FDA0002820040880000012
wjand h satisfies
Figure FDA0002820040880000013
According to the cavity theory, the angle fed will excite TM simultaneously10Mode and TM01The mold, therefore the internal field of the cavity region under the square patch is:
Figure FDA0002820040880000014
wherein a is the side length of the patch, omega is the angular frequency, mu is the magnetic permeability of the substrate, B0Is constant (excitation coefficient).
2. The hybrid angle-fed dual-polarized microstrip patch antenna device according to claim 1, wherein the coaxial line bottom feed position and the microstrip line side feed position are located at adjacent corners of the square microstrip patch, and the impedance of the dual-polarized orthogonal field mode side feed microstrip line can be excited, and an impedance transformation section and an impedance tuning section are adopted, and impedance matching is realized by adopting a gradient impedance transformation section and an impedance matching stub, wherein the real part of the impedance is 50 ohms by adopting the gradient impedance transformation, and the open-circuit single stub tuner generates a corresponding reactance to realize tuning, so that matching with the microstrip line with a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms is finally obtained.
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CN111355029B (en) * 2020-04-09 2021-09-28 西安电子科技大学 High-performance dual-polarized microstrip antenna for fifth-generation communication system
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CN104157978A (en) * 2014-05-20 2014-11-19 电子科技大学 Improved corner-fed high isolation dual-polarized stacked microstrip antenna
CN106299643A (en) * 2016-08-10 2017-01-04 西安电子科技大学 A kind of wideband dual polarized beam antenna of small-sized low section for mobile communication
CN107342458A (en) * 2017-07-02 2017-11-10 中国航空工业集团公司雷华电子技术研究所 A kind of corner-fed formula wide-band high-isolation dual-polarized antenna

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