CN108737886B - System and method for quickly switching digital programs and digital set top box - Google Patents
System and method for quickly switching digital programs and digital set top box Download PDFInfo
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- CN108737886B CN108737886B CN201710278312.2A CN201710278312A CN108737886B CN 108737886 B CN108737886 B CN 108737886B CN 201710278312 A CN201710278312 A CN 201710278312A CN 108737886 B CN108737886 B CN 108737886B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
- H04N21/434—Disassembling of a multiplex stream, e.g. demultiplexing audio and video streams, extraction of additional data from a video stream; Remultiplexing of multiplex streams; Extraction or processing of SI; Disassembling of packetised elementary stream
- H04N21/4345—Extraction or processing of SI, e.g. extracting service information from an MPEG stream
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
- H04N21/438—Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network originating from a server, e.g. retrieving MPEG packets from an IP network
- H04N21/4383—Accessing a communication channel
- H04N21/4384—Accessing a communication channel involving operations to reduce the access time, e.g. fast-tuning for reducing channel switching latency
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
- H04N21/438—Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network originating from a server, e.g. retrieving MPEG packets from an IP network
- H04N21/4385—Multiplex stream processing, e.g. multiplex stream decrypting
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
- H04N21/44—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream, rendering scenes according to MPEG-4 scene graphs
- H04N21/4402—Processing of video elementary streams, e.g. splicing a video clip retrieved from local storage with an incoming video stream, rendering scenes according to MPEG-4 scene graphs involving reformatting operations of video signals for household redistribution, storage or real-time display
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/45—Management operations performed by the client for facilitating the reception of or the interaction with the content or administrating data related to the end-user or to the client device itself, e.g. learning user preferences for recommending movies, resolving scheduling conflicts
- H04N21/4508—Management of client data or end-user data
- H04N21/4532—Management of client data or end-user data involving end-user characteristics, e.g. viewer profile, preferences
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
- H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
- H04N21/45—Management operations performed by the client for facilitating the reception of or the interaction with the content or administrating data related to the end-user or to the client device itself, e.g. learning user preferences for recommending movies, resolving scheduling conflicts
- H04N21/462—Content or additional data management, e.g. creating a master electronic program guide from data received from the Internet and a Head-end, controlling the complexity of a video stream by scaling the resolution or bit-rate based on the client capabilities
- H04N21/4623—Processing of entitlement messages, e.g. ECM [Entitlement Control Message] or EMM [Entitlement Management Message]
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- Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
- Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a system and a method for quickly switching digital programs and a digital set top box, wherein the system for quickly switching the digital programs is suitable for the digital set top box and comprises the following steps: the preprocessing module caches various program data corresponding to a program list of the digital set top box to a cache region and caches each program data as a program cache unit; the cache management module sends the frame group head address of the program cache unit corresponding to a program switching instruction to the demultiplexer; and the buffer management module pushes the audio and video stream data output by the demultiplexer to a corresponding ES buffer unit in an ES buffer area of the audio and video decoder so that the audio and video decoder decodes the audio and video stream data after self-resetting is completed. The invention optimizes the key path in the channel switching process, caches and analyzes the multi-channel program data in advance, traces back to the GOP head at the channel switching moment, and injects the program data into the audio/video decoder at high speed, thereby realizing instant decoding.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of digital televisions, relates to a digital television set top box, and particularly relates to a digital program fast switching system and method and a digital set top box.
Background
Through the development of digital televisions for many years, digital television set-top boxes have been widely applied to daily life of people. Among them, the most commonly used channel switching function is also a performance manifestation of the digital television set-top box, and the channel switching of general digital televisions is more than 1 second. The existing channel switching optimization method is that when a user presses a channel switching key by using a remote controller, after a background finishes channel switching preparation work, an interface displays program switching, and a false image of quickly switching channels is given to people. Although the method of delaying the response of the remote controller makes the user feel that the channel switching speed is improved from the picture, the background still needs to wait for the arrival of another program data, and the decoder can work, and the actual channel switching time is not reduced.
Referring to fig. 1, the channel switching process of the conventional set-top box is a serial process, and includes the following steps:
s101, a user sends a channel switching instruction;
s102, an audio and video decoder in the set top box starts to reset after receiving the channel change instruction;
s103, switching program channels after the channel switching instruction is received by a demultiplexer in the set top box, and waiting for the arrival of a front-end program; demultiplexing after receiving the switched program;
s104, after the audio and video decoder is reset, the demultiplexer injects the demultiplexed TS Stream (Transport Stream) into a buffer area of the audio and video decoder;
s105, the audio and video decoder waits for the arrival of a GOP (group of pictures) header in the TS stream, and when the GOP header data arrives, the audio and video decoder starts decoding;
and S106, after the audio and video decoder successfully decodes, the audio and video decoder sends the audio and video to a display for display.
From the technical point of analysis, the slow channel switching is because when a program is switched, an audio/video decoder must wait until GOP header data arrives to start the work of resetting and re-decoding, and GOP data packets appear periodically in the whole stream and appear for an unfixed time, which is longer in the whole channel switching process.
In addition, for scrambled programs, an additional descrambling process is required during channel switching, and a series of data capture and analysis processes such as PMT (Program Map Table), ECM (Entitlement Control Message) and the like are involved, so that the channel switching speed is further slowed down. Referring to fig. 2, for the scrambled program, descrambling is required before decoding, i.e. the process implemented in step S205, and the key for descrambling comes from the parsing of the data stream by the CA system, i.e. the process implemented in step S204. Compared with the conventional zapping process shown in fig. 1, the zapping process of the scrambled program shown in fig. 2 is slower due to the addition of step S204 and step S205, and the general scheme does not optimize the zapping process.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above drawbacks of the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a system and a method for fast switching digital programs and a digital set-top box, which are used to solve the problems of long time consumption and slow speed in the channel switching process of the existing digital television programs.
To achieve the above and other related objects, the present invention provides a fast switching system for digital programs, suitable for a digital set top box, the digital set top box including a demultiplexer and an audio-video decoder, the fast switching system for digital programs including: the preprocessing module caches various program data corresponding to the program list of the digital set top box to a cache region and caches each program data as a program cache unit; the cache management module is used for sending the frame group head address of the program cache unit corresponding to a program switching instruction to the demultiplexer so that the demultiplexer can read the program data in the program cache unit based on a direct memory access mode for demultiplexing; the buffer management module pushes the audio and video stream data output by the demultiplexer to the corresponding ES buffer units in the ES buffer area of the audio and video decoder, so that the audio and video decoder decodes the audio and video stream data in each ES buffer unit after self-reset is completed.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the digital set-top box further comprises a controller; the controller acquires a descrambling information table of the program list in real time and stores the descrambling information table to a memory; the controller provides the authorization control information of the program data corresponding to the program switching instruction to a CA system; the system for rapidly switching the digital programs further comprises: a descrambler for receiving the control word fed back by the CA system and descrambling the program data corresponding to the program switching instruction by using the control word; and the cache management module pushes the descrambled program data to the demultiplexer for demultiplexing.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the system for fast switching of digital programs further includes: the switching instruction pre-judging module is used for pre-judging the program switching instruction according to the user habit behavior and the program sequence of the program list, and performing priority sequencing on various program data in the program list to obtain the priority sequence of program switching; the preprocessing module caches each item of program data in the program list to the cache region according to the priority sequence of the program switching; and the controller acquires the authorization control information of each item of program data in the program list according to the priority sequence of the program switching, and further acquires a descrambling information table of the program list.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the system for fast switching of digital programs further includes: and the user habit behavior learning module is in communication connection with the controller and the switching instruction pre-judging module respectively, and learns and updates the user habit behavior according to the frequency of watching various bytes by the user within a preset time period.
The invention also provides a method for rapidly switching digital programs, which is suitable for a digital set top box, wherein the digital set top box comprises a controller, a demultiplexer and an audio and video decoder, and the method for rapidly switching the digital programs comprises the following steps: caching various program data corresponding to a program list of the digital set top box to a cache region by utilizing a preprocessing module, and caching each program data into a program cache unit; receiving a program switching instruction by using the controller, and resetting the audio/video decoder; finding the frame group head address of the program cache unit corresponding to the program switching instruction by utilizing a cache management module; the demultiplexer reads the program data in the program cache unit corresponding to the program switching instruction based on a direct memory access mode to perform demultiplexing; and pushing the audio and video stream data output by the demultiplexer to corresponding ES cache units in an ES cache region of the audio and video decoder by using the cache management module so that the audio and video decoder decodes the audio and video stream data in each ES cache unit after self-resetting is completed.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the method for fast switching of digital programs further includes: acquiring a descrambling information table of the program list in real time by using the controller, and storing the descrambling information table into a memory; the controller provides the authorization control information of the program data corresponding to the program switching instruction to a CA system; and receiving the control word fed back by the CA system by using a descrambler, and descrambling the program data corresponding to the program switching instruction according to the control word so that the descrambled program data can be read by the demultiplexer based on a direct memory access mode.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the method for fast switching of digital programs further includes: prejudging the upcoming program switching instruction according to the user habit and the program sequence of the program list, and performing priority sequencing on various program data in the program list to obtain the priority sequence of program switching; the preprocessing module caches each item of program data in the program list to the cache region according to the priority sequence of the program switching; and the controller acquires the authorization control information of each item of program data in the program list in real time according to the priority sequence of the program switching, and further acquires a descrambling information table of the program list.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the method for fast switching of digital programs further includes: and utilizing a user habit behavior learning module to learn and update the user habit behavior according to the frequency of watching each byte by the user in a preset time period.
The present invention also provides a digital set-top box, comprising: a controller; the memory is in communication connection with the controller and is provided with a cache region; a demultiplexer communicatively coupled to the controller; the audio and video decoder is in communication connection with the controller; the processor is in communication connection with the controller and comprises a preprocessing module and a cache management module; the preprocessing module caches various program data corresponding to the program list of the digital set-top box to the cache area and caches each program data as a program cache unit; the cache management module sends a frame group head address of a program cache unit corresponding to a program switching instruction to the demultiplexer, so that the demultiplexer reads program data in the program cache unit based on a direct memory access mode to demultiplex; the buffer management module pushes the audio and video stream data output by the demultiplexer to the corresponding ES buffer units in the ES buffer area of the audio and video decoder, so that the audio and video decoder decodes the audio and video stream data in each ES buffer unit after self-reset is completed.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the digital set-top box further includes: the controller acquires a descrambling information table of the program list in real time and stores the descrambling information table to a memory; the controller provides the authorization control information of the program data corresponding to the program switching instruction to a CA system; the processor further comprises a descrambler; the descrambler receives the control word fed back by the CA system and descrambles the program data corresponding to the program switching instruction by using the control word; and the cache management module pushes the descrambled program data to the demultiplexer for demultiplexing.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the processor further includes: the user habit behavior learning module is used for learning and updating user habit behaviors according to the frequency of watching various bytes by a user within a preset time period; the switching instruction pre-judging module is in communication connection with the user habit behavior learning module, pre-judges the program switching instruction according to the user habit behavior and the program sequence of the program list, and performs priority sequencing on various program data in the program list to obtain the priority sequence of program switching; the preprocessing module caches each item of program data in the program list to the cache region according to the priority sequence of the program switching; or/and the controller acquires the authorization control information of each item of program data in the program list in real time according to the priority sequence of the program switching, and further acquires the descrambling information table of the program list.
As described above, the system and method for fast switching digital programs and the digital set-top box according to the present invention have the following advantages:
the invention optimizes the key path in the channel switching process, caches and analyzes the multi-channel program data in advance, traces back to the GOP head at the channel switching moment, and injects the program data into the audio/video decoder at a high speed, so that the audio/video decoder can obtain enough effective data at the first time, thereby realizing instant decoding and greatly improving the decoding and displaying efficiency of the switched programs.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a channel switching process of a conventional set-top box.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of another channel switching process of a conventional set-top box.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an implementation structure of a system for fast switching of digital programs according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram illustrating another implementation structure of the system for fast switching of digital programs according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating a third implementation structure of a system for fast switching of digital programs according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic flow chart of an implementation of the method for fast switching of digital programs according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating an implementation structure of a digital set-top box according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating another implementation structure of the digital set-top box according to the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram illustrating a third implementation structure of a digital set-top box according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the element reference numerals
100 fast switching system for digital programs
110 preprocessing module
120 cache management module
130 descrambler
140 switching instruction prejudging module
150 user habit learning module
200 digital set-top box
210 controller
220 demultiplexer
230 audio-video decoder
700 digital set-top box
710 controller
720 memory
730 demultiplexer
740 audio-video decoder
750 processor
751 preprocessing module
752 cache management module
753 descrambler
754 user habit learning module
755 switching instruction prejudging module
760 memory
S101 to S106 steps
S201 to S207
S601 to S609.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It is to be noted that the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.
It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention, and the components related to the present invention are only shown in the drawings rather than drawn according to the number, shape and size of the components in actual implementation, and the type, quantity and proportion of the components in actual implementation may be changed freely, and the layout of the components may be more complicated.
Referring to fig. 3, an embodiment of the present invention provides a digital program fast switching system 100, which is suitable for a digital set-top box 200, where the digital set-top box 200 includes a controller 210, a demultiplexer 220, and an audio/video decoder 230. The system 100 for fast switching of digital programs includes: a preprocessing module 110 and a cache management module 120. Wherein, the controller 210 controls the demultiplexer 220, the audio/video decoder 230, the preprocessing module 110 and the cache management module 120 to cooperatively work.
The preprocessing module 110 caches each item of program data corresponding to the program list of the digital set-top box to a cache area, and caches each item of program data as a program cache unit. Each digital set-top box is provided with its own program list, and program data in the program list may be cached to the cache area according to a predetermined sequence, for example: firstly, the program data which is most likely to be watched by the user in the next channel change is cached, and then other program data in the program list is cached. When the preprocessing module 110 caches each program data as a program cache unit, the GOP (group of pictures) header address of each program data is marked, that is, the GOP header address of each program cache unit is marked, so that the GOP header address of each program data can be quickly located during channel change without waiting for the arrival of the GOP header data as in the conventional channel change method, and the time for waiting for the arrival of the GOP header data is saved.
The cache management module 120 sends a frame group header address of a program cache unit corresponding to a program switching instruction to the demultiplexer 220, so that the demultiplexer reads program data in the program cache unit based on a Direct Memory Access (DMA) mode to perform demultiplexing. Direct Memory Access (DMA) is a mechanism for fast data transfer, and the importance of the DMA technology is that it can improve the efficiency of the system executing the application program without the intervention of CPU when accessing data, i.e. data is directly transferred between the source address and the destination address without the need of intermediate medium. When a program switching instruction comes, the number of corresponding program cache units may be multiple, for example: if the program switching instruction indicates to switch to program 3, the corresponding program buffer units may include a program buffer unit of program 2, a program buffer unit of program 3, and a program buffer unit of program 4. When the next program switching instruction comes, it is likely to indicate that the program to be watched is program 2 or program 4, so that the program can be directly read without any waiting, and such channel switching is undoubtedly the fastest.
The cache management module 120 pushes the audio/video stream data output by the demultiplexer 220 to a corresponding ES cache unit in an ES (Embedded Storage system) cache region of the audio/video decoder 230, so that the audio/video decoder decodes the audio/video stream data in each ES cache unit after completing self-reset. The demultiplexer 220 demultiplexes the program data to output audio/video stream data, the buffer management module 120 injects the audio/video stream data into the ES buffer of the audio/video decoder 230 at a high speed, and after the audio/video decoder 230 receives the program switching instruction and completes the reset, there is enough audio/video stream data in the ES buffer of the audio/video decoder 230 to wait for decoding, so that the audio/video decoder 230 can decode at full speed, and only a short time is required to start to normally display the program data indicated by the program switching instruction.
In the CA (Certificate Authority) system, there are two most critical technologies: one is a method of Scrambling (Scrambling) and Descrambling (desrambling). Descrambling techniques are used to alter or control certain characteristics of the transmitted service (program) under the control of the sending CA system, so that unauthorized users cannot obtain the service; and secondly, descrambling is controlled, and an encrypted message is provided at a sending end, so that an authorized user side descrambler can decrypt the data. This information is controlled by the CA system and is arranged in encrypted form in the transport stream information to prevent unauthorized users from descrambling directly with this information. The common way of scrambling is to use a scrambling sequence at the transmitting end to interfere with the video, audio or data stream, and to scramble the data. The scrambling sequence is generated by a pseudo-random sequence generator, and the scrambling sequence generated by the pseudo-random sequence generator can be deduced under the condition that the initial conditions are known. The initial condition of the pseudo-random sequence generator is controlled by a Control Word (CW). At the receiving end there is also an identical pseudo-random sequence generator to which the control word CW is sent, so that a descrambling sequence is obtained and then restored with the descrambling sequence. The core of the conditional reception of the program is therefore the transmission of the control word CW. In order to realize security, the control word must be transmitted after being encrypted. The receiving end can regenerate the control word by applying the decryption program after being authorized. For scrambled programs, descrambling is required before decoding, and the key for descrambling comes from the analysis of the data stream by the CA card, so that the channel switching speed is slower. The present invention further proposes the following solution to this problem.
Further, referring to fig. 4, the system 100 for fast switching of digital programs further includes: a descrambler 130. The controller 210 obtains the descrambling information table of the program list in real time, and stores the descrambling information table in a memory. The descrambling information table is composed of Entitlement Control Messages (ECMs) for all programs in the program list. The controller 210 provides the authorization control information of the program data corresponding to the program switching instruction to a CA system. The descrambler 130 receives the control word fed back by the CA system, and descrambles the program data corresponding to the program switching instruction by using the control word. The buffer management module 120 pushes the descrambled program data to the demultiplexer for demultiplexing. When the program starts to be played, the invention uses the background to capture the descrambling information tables of all programs in real time and stores the descrambling information tables. When channel switching is carried out, the latest authorization control information (ECM) of the corresponding program is set to the CA system, so that fast descrambling is realized, all extra time overhead is eliminated, and the channel switching speed of the scrambled program is greatly improved.
Further, referring to fig. 5, the system 100 for fast switching of digital programs further includes: a switching instruction prejudging module 140 and a user habit behavior learning module 150.
The user habit behavior learning module 150 is communicatively connected to the controller 210, and learns and updates the user habit behavior according to the frequency of watching each byte by the user within a preset time period. The viewing habits of the users are relatively definite, for example, in a certain period of time (such as the latest month), the priority order of the programs watched by the users is also increased, and the data is continuously updated according to the latest habits of the users, which is called as the "learning items".
The switching instruction pre-judging module 140 pre-judges the upcoming program switching instruction according to the user habit and the program sequence of the program list, and performs priority sequencing on each item of program data in the program list to obtain the priority sequence of program switching. All digital set-top boxes are provided with program lists (menus), and the user continuously changes channels according to the sequence of programs in the menus. Assuming that the user is currently watching program 3, then at the next zapping, programs 2 and 4, as well as the last watched program or the program that the user most often watches, are the most likely targets for switching. The switching instruction pre-judging module 140 pre-judges the target program of the next channel switching of the user according to the user habit and the program sequence of the program list, then performs priority sequencing on each program in the program list according to the pre-judging result, performs priority processing on the program with high priority, and improves the pre-judging hit rate of the next program switching instruction so as to ensure that the required data can be prepared in time each time when the channel is quickly switched.
For example: assuming that the user switches from the last program < program X > to < program 3> being watched, the switching instruction anticipation module 140 performs the following anticipation process:
1a) setting queues with three priorities, wherein the priorities are divided into three levels, namely high, medium and low;
1b) placing the last program < program X > and adjacent programs < program 2> and < program 4> into a high priority queue;
1c) putting the three programs with the most times in the learning items into a high-priority queue;
1d) placing nearby programs < program 1> and < program 5> into a medium priority queue;
1e) putting three programs with the most times in the learning item into a medium priority queue;
1f) other programs are put into a low-priority queue;
1g) when the background prepares data, the program list information of the priority queue is used as reference, and the data are completed one by one from the high-priority queue to the low-priority queue.
In addition, the invention can also realize a plurality of groups of priority queues to support the condition that the same set top box serves a plurality of users. The method of multiple remote controllers or the remote controllers with different user modes are used for distinguishing different users, and the specific implementation process can refer to the following steps:
2a) the binding relationship between the priority queue and the remote controller (or the user mode) is set in advance;
2b) when the remote controller (or the user mode) issues a command, the corresponding < priority queue > is called for matching.
The preprocessing module 110 caches each item of program data in the program list to the cache area according to the priority order of the program switching. For example, the preprocessing module 110 buffers the program data in the high priority queue into the buffer area, then buffers the program data in the medium priority queue into the buffer area, and finally buffers the program data in the low priority queue into the buffer area.
The controller 210 obtains the authorization control information of each item of program data in the program list in real time according to the priority order of the program switching, and further obtains the descrambling information table of the program list. For example, the controller 210 obtains the authorization control information of the program data in the high priority queue, obtains the authorization control information of the program data in the medium priority queue, and obtains the authorization control information of the program data in the low priority queue.
The embodiment of the present invention further provides a fast switching method for digital programs, where the fast switching system for digital programs can implement the fast switching method for digital programs described in the present invention, but the implementation apparatus of the fast switching method for digital programs described in the present invention includes, but is not limited to, the structure of the fast switching system for digital programs listed in this embodiment, and all structural modifications and substitutions in the prior art made according to the principles of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
The protection scope of the method for fast switching digital programs according to the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the execution sequence of the steps listed in the embodiment, and all the schemes of increasing, decreasing, and replacing the steps in the prior art according to the principle of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 6, the method for fast switching of a digital program according to an embodiment of the present invention is applicable to a digital set top box, where the digital set top box includes a controller, a demultiplexer, and an audio and video decoder, and the method for fast switching of a digital program includes:
s601, caching various program data corresponding to the program list of the digital set top box to a cache region by utilizing a preprocessing module, and caching each program data into a program cache unit; or/and utilizing the controller to acquire the descrambling information table of the program list in real time and storing the descrambling information table to a memory. The descrambling information table is composed of Entitlement Control Messages (ECMs) for all programs in the program list.
Each digital set-top box is provided with its own program list, and program data in the program list may be cached to the cache area according to a predetermined sequence, for example: firstly, the program data which is most likely to be watched by the user in the next channel change is cached, and then other program data in the program list is cached. When the preprocessing module 110 caches each program data as a program cache unit, a group of pictures (GOP) header address of each program data is marked, that is, the GOP header address of each program cache unit is marked, so that the GOP header address of each program data can be quickly located during channel change without waiting for the arrival of the GOP header data as in the conventional channel change method, and the time for waiting for the arrival of the GOP header data is saved.
S602, the user sends out a program switching instruction. Namely, the controller receives a program switching command.
And S603, the audio and video decoder starts to reset after receiving the channel change instruction.
S604, a cache management module is used for finding the frame group head address of the program cache unit corresponding to the program switching instruction.
When a program switching instruction comes, the number of corresponding program cache units may be multiple, for example: if the program switching instruction indicates to switch to program 3, the corresponding program buffer units may include a program buffer unit of program 2, a program buffer unit of program 3, and a program buffer unit of program 4. When the next program switching instruction comes, it is likely to indicate that the program to be watched is program 2 or program 4, so that the program data can be directly read without any waiting, and such channel switching is undoubtedly the fastest.
And S605, if the program corresponding to the program switching instruction is a scrambled program, the controller provides the authorization control information of the program data corresponding to the program switching instruction to a CA system.
And S606, the descrambler receives the control word fed back by the CA system and descrambles the program data corresponding to the program switching instruction according to the control word, so that the demultiplexer reads the descrambled program data based on a direct memory access mode.
When the program starts to be played, the invention uses the background to capture the descrambling information tables of all programs in real time and stores the descrambling information tables. When channel switching is carried out, the latest authorization control information (ECM) of the corresponding program is set to the CA system, so that fast descrambling is realized, all extra time overhead is eliminated, and the channel switching speed of the scrambled program is greatly improved.
S607, the demultiplexer reads the program data (or descrambled program data) in the program buffer unit corresponding to the program switching instruction based on the direct memory access mode to perform demultiplexing.
When a program switching instruction comes, the number of corresponding program cache units may be multiple, for example: if the program switching instruction indicates to switch to program 3, the corresponding program buffer units may include a program buffer unit of program 2, a program buffer unit of program 3, and a program buffer unit of program 4. When the next program switching instruction comes, it is likely to indicate that the program to be watched is program 2 or program 4, so that the program can be directly read without any waiting, and such channel switching is undoubtedly the fastest.
Direct Memory Access (DMA) is a mechanism for fast data transfer, and the importance of the DMA technology is that it can improve the efficiency of the system executing the application program without the intervention of CPU when accessing data, i.e. data is directly transferred between the source address and the destination address without the need of intermediate medium.
And S608, pushing the audio and video stream data output by the demultiplexer to a corresponding ES cache unit in an ES cache region of the audio and video decoder by using the cache management module, so that the audio and video decoder starts to quickly decode the audio and video stream data in each ES cache unit after completing self reset.
The cache management module is used for injecting the audio and video stream data into an ES cache area of the audio and video decoder at a high speed, and when the audio and video decoder receives the program switching instruction and completes the reset, the audio and video decoder already has enough audio and video stream data to wait for decoding, so that the audio and video decoder can decode at a full speed, and can start to normally display the program data indicated by the program switching instruction only in a short time.
And S609, after the audio and video decoder decodes the stable video frame, the screen is opened for display.
Further, the fast switching method for digital programs may pre-determine the program switching instruction, where the pre-determining process is as follows: prejudging the upcoming program switching instruction according to the user habit and the program sequence of the program list, and performing priority sequencing on various program data in the program list to obtain the priority sequence of program switching; and updating the user habit behavior according to the frequency learning of watching each byte by the user within a preset time period.
All digital set-top boxes are provided with program lists (menus), and the user continuously changes channels according to the sequence of programs in the menus. Assuming that the user is currently watching program 3, then at the next zapping, programs 2 and 4, as well as the last watched program or the program that the user most often watches, are the most likely targets for switching. The switching instruction pre-judging module 140 pre-judges the target program of the next channel switching of the user according to the user habit and the program sequence of the program list, then performs priority sequencing on each program in the program list according to the pre-judging result, performs priority processing on the program with high priority, and improves the pre-judging hit rate of the next program switching instruction so as to ensure that the required data can be prepared in time each time when the channel is quickly switched.
For example: assuming that the user switches from the last program < program X > to < program 3> being watched, the switching instruction anticipation module 140 performs the following anticipation process:
3a) setting queues with three priorities, wherein the priorities are divided into three levels, namely high, medium and low;
3b) placing the last program < program X > and adjacent programs < program 2> and < program 4> into a high priority queue;
3c) putting the three programs with the most times in the learning items into a high-priority queue;
3d) placing nearby programs < program 1> and < program 5> into a medium priority queue;
3e) putting three programs with the most times in the learning item into a medium priority queue;
3f) other programs are put into a low-priority queue;
3g) when the background prepares data, the program list information of the priority queue is used as reference, and the data are completed one by one from the high-priority queue to the low-priority queue.
In addition, the invention can also realize a plurality of groups of priority queues to support the condition that the same set top box serves a plurality of users. The method of multiple remote controllers or the remote controllers with different user modes are used for distinguishing different users, and the specific implementation process can refer to the following steps:
4a) the binding relationship between the priority queue and the remote controller (or the user mode) is set in advance;
4b) when the remote controller (or the user mode) issues a command, the corresponding < priority queue > is called for matching.
Further, the preprocessing module may cache program data in the program list to the first cache region according to the priority order of the program switching. The controller can obtain the authorization control information of each item of program data in the program list in real time according to the priority sequence of the program switching, and further obtain the descrambling information table of the program list.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a digital set-top box, as shown in fig. 7, where the digital set-top box 700 includes: controller 710, memory 720, demultiplexer 730, audio video decoder 740, processor 750, memory 760. The controller 710 is communicatively connected to the memory 720, the demultiplexer 730, the audio/video decoder 740, the processor 750, and the storage 760, respectively. The memory 720 is provided with a cache area. The processor 750 includes a pre-processing module 751 and a cache management module 752. The digital set-top box 700 may further include devices or modules necessary for existing set-top boxes, such as a tuner and a demodulator, and the present embodiment mainly describes the devices or modules that significantly contribute to improving channel switching efficiency, and does not discuss other devices or modules necessary for the set-top box in practical applications. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the structure illustrated in the embodiment, and any structural extension that can be easily inferred by those skilled in the art from the technical contents described in the present invention is included in the protection scope of the present invention.
The preprocessing module 751 caches program data corresponding to the program list of the digital set-top box in the cache region, and caches the program data as a program cache unit. Each digital set-top box is provided with its own program list, and program data in the program list may be cached to the cache area according to a predetermined sequence, for example: firstly, the program data which is most likely to be watched by the user in the next channel change is cached, and then other program data in the program list is cached. When the preprocessing module 110 caches each program data as a program cache unit, a group of pictures (GOP) header address of each program data is marked, that is, the GOP header address of each program cache unit is marked, so that the GOP header address of each program data can be quickly located during channel change without waiting for the arrival of the GOP header data as in the conventional channel change method, and the time for waiting for the arrival of the GOP header data is saved.
The buffer management module 752 sends the frame group header address of the program buffer unit corresponding to a program switching instruction to the demultiplexer, so that the demultiplexer reads the program data in the program buffer unit based on a direct memory access manner to perform demultiplexing. When a program switching instruction comes, the number of corresponding program cache units may be multiple, for example: if the program switching instruction indicates to switch to program 3, the corresponding program buffer units may include a program buffer unit of program 2, a program buffer unit of program 3, and a program buffer unit of program 4. When the next program switching instruction comes, it is likely to indicate that the program to be watched is program 2 or program 4, so that the program can be directly read without any waiting, and such channel switching is undoubtedly the fastest.
The buffer management module 752 pushes the audio/video stream data output by the demultiplexer to the corresponding ES buffer unit in the ES buffer area of the audio/video decoder, so that the audio/video decoder decodes the audio/video stream data in each ES buffer unit after completing self-reset. The demultiplexer 730 demultiplexes the program data to output audio/video stream data, the buffer management module 752 injects the audio/video stream data into the ES buffer of the audio/video decoder 740 at a high speed, and after the audio/video decoder 740 receives the program switching command and completes the reset, there is enough audio/video stream data in the ES buffer of the audio/video decoder 740 to wait for decoding, so that the audio/video decoder 740 can decode at a full speed, and can start to normally display the program data indicated by the program switching command only in a short time.
The invention firstly carries out advanced buffering on the program data, decomposes and buffers the program data stream into program buffer units, all the data injected into the audio/video decoder come from the program buffer units, and manages the buffer area and acquires the decoding description information by utilizing the preprocessing module, thereby realizing the quick positioning of effective data and the accelerated decoding of the auxiliary audio/video decoder.
In addition, due to the addition of the cache management module and the preprocessing module, GOP head data can be directly positioned and video format information can be acquired in advance, so that a waiting link in the traditional channel switching process is saved, an audio/video decoder can be assisted to improve the decoding speed, and the channel switching efficiency is greatly improved.
Further, referring to fig. 8, the digital set-top box 700 further includes: the controller 710 obtains the descrambling information table of the program list in real time, and stores the descrambling information table in the memory 760; the descrambling information table is composed of Entitlement Control Messages (ECMs) for all programs in the program list. The controller 710 provides authorization control information of the program data corresponding to the program switching instruction to a CA system. The processor 750 further includes a descrambler 753; the descrambler 753 receives the control word fed back by the CA system, and descrambles the program data corresponding to the program switching instruction by using the control word; the buffer management module 752 pushes the descrambled program data to the demultiplexer for demultiplexing. When the program starts to be played, the invention uses the background to capture the descrambling information tables of all programs in real time and stores the descrambling information tables. When channel switching is carried out, the latest authorization control information (ECM) of the corresponding program is set to the CA system, so that fast descrambling is realized, all extra time overhead is eliminated, and the channel switching speed of the scrambled program is greatly improved.
Further, referring to fig. 9, the processor 750 further includes: a user habit learning module 754, a switching instruction anticipation module 755,
the user habit behavior learning module 754 learns and updates the user habit behavior according to the frequency of watching various bytes by the user in a preset time period. The viewing habits of the users are relatively definite, for example, in a certain period of time (such as the latest month), the priority order of the programs watched by the users is also increased, and the data is continuously updated according to the latest habits of the users, which is called as the "learning items".
The switching instruction pre-judging module 755 is communicatively connected to the user habit behavior learning module 754, and is configured to pre-judge the program switching instruction according to the user habit behavior and the program sequence of the program list, and perform priority ordering on each item of program data in the program list to obtain a priority sequence for program switching. All digital set-top boxes are provided with program lists (menus), and the user continuously changes channels according to the sequence of programs in the menus. Assuming that the user is currently watching program 3, then at the next zapping, programs 2 and 4, as well as the last watched program or the program that the user most often watches, are the most likely targets for switching. The switching instruction pre-judging module 140 pre-judges the target program of the next channel switching of the user according to the user habit and the program sequence of the program list, then performs priority sequencing on each program in the program list according to the pre-judging result, performs priority processing on the program with high priority, and improves the pre-judging hit rate of the next program switching instruction so as to ensure that the required data can be prepared in time each time when the channel is quickly switched.
The preprocessing module 751 caches the program data in the program list to the cache region according to the priority order of the program switching. The controller 710 obtains the authorization control information of each item of program data in the program list in real time according to the priority order of the program switching, and further obtains the descrambling information table of the program list.
The invention can adopt an embedded chip platform, optimizes the key path in the channel switching process, caches and analyzes the multi-channel program data in advance, traces back to the GOP head at the channel switching moment, and injects the program data into the audio/video decoder at a high speed, so that the audio/video decoder can obtain enough effective data at the first time, thereby realizing instantaneous decoding. The invention changes a plurality of key time sequences from serial to parallel, thereby greatly improving the decoding efficiency of switching programs. .
In the invention, the characteristics of the chip are fully matched, the original serial channel changing process is changed into parallel, and the channel changing speed is further improved. The program data after demultiplexing is injected at high speed while the audio and video decoder is reset, and when the audio and video decoder is reset, the cache management module is ready for enough decoding data, so that full-speed decoding of the decoder can be ensured. Under the condition, the switched programs can be displayed normally only in a short time, the channel switching time can be greatly shortened, and the method is also suitable for single-core and multi-core CPUs.
In conclusion, the present invention effectively overcomes various disadvantages of the prior art and has high industrial utilization value.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. A digital program fast switching system, suitable for a digital set-top box, said digital set-top box including a demultiplexer and an audio-video decoder, said digital program fast switching system comprising:
the preprocessing module is used for caching various program data corresponding to a program list of the digital set top box to a cache region before demultiplexing operation, caching each program data into a program cache unit, and marking a frame group head address of each program data;
the cache management module is used for acquiring a frame group head address of a program cache unit corresponding to a program switching instruction according to the mark made by the preprocessing module and sending the frame group head address to the demultiplexer, so that the demultiplexer reads the program data in the program cache unit based on a direct memory access mode to demultiplex; before the decoder is reset, the cache management module starts to push the audio and video stream data output by the demultiplexer to the corresponding ES cache units in the ES cache region of the audio and video decoder, so that the audio and video decoder decodes the audio and video stream data in each ES cache unit after the audio and video decoder is reset.
2. The system for fast switching of digital programs according to claim 1, wherein the digital set-top box further comprises a controller; the controller acquires a descrambling information table of the program list in real time and stores the descrambling information table to a memory; the controller provides the authorization control information of the program data corresponding to the program switching instruction to a CA system; the system for rapidly switching the digital programs further comprises:
a descrambler for receiving the control word fed back by the CA system and descrambling the program data corresponding to the program switching instruction by using the control word;
and the cache management module pushes the descrambled program data to the demultiplexer for demultiplexing.
3. The system for fast switching of digital programs according to claim 2, further comprising:
the switching instruction pre-judging module is used for pre-judging the program switching instruction according to the user habit behavior and the program sequence of the program list, and performing priority sequencing on various program data in the program list to obtain the priority sequence of program switching;
the preprocessing module caches each item of program data in the program list to the cache region according to the priority sequence of the program switching;
and the controller acquires the authorization control information of each item of program data in the program list according to the priority sequence of the program switching, and further acquires a descrambling information table of the program list.
4. The system for fast switching of digital programs according to claim 3, further comprising:
and the user habit behavior learning module is in communication connection with the controller and the switching instruction pre-judging module respectively, and learns and updates the user habit behavior according to the frequency of watching various bytes by the user within a preset time period.
5. A fast switching method of digital programs is suitable for a digital set-top box, the digital set-top box comprises a controller, a demultiplexer and an audio-video decoder, and the fast switching method of digital programs comprises the following steps:
before demultiplexing operation, caching each item of program data corresponding to a program list of the digital set top box to a cache region by utilizing a preprocessing module, caching each item of program data into a program cache unit, and marking a frame group head address of each item of program data;
receiving a program switching instruction by using the controller, and resetting the audio/video decoder;
finding the frame group head address of the program cache unit corresponding to the program switching instruction by using a cache management module according to the mark made by the preprocessing module and sending the frame group head address to the demultiplexer;
the demultiplexer reads the program data in the program cache unit corresponding to the program switching instruction based on a direct memory access mode to perform demultiplexing;
before the decoder is reset, the buffer management module is utilized to start to push the audio and video stream data output by the demultiplexer to the corresponding ES buffer units in the ES buffer area of the audio and video decoder, so that the audio and video decoder decodes the audio and video stream data in each ES buffer unit after the self-reset is completed.
6. The method for fast switching of digital programs according to claim 5, wherein the method for fast switching of digital programs further comprises:
acquiring a descrambling information table of the program list in real time by using the controller, and storing the descrambling information table into a memory; the controller provides the authorization control information of the program data corresponding to the program switching instruction to a CA system;
and receiving the control word fed back by the CA system by using a descrambler, and descrambling the program data corresponding to the program switching instruction according to the control word so that the descrambled program data can be read by the demultiplexer based on a direct memory access mode.
7. The method for fast switching of digital programs according to claim 6, wherein the method for fast switching of digital programs further comprises:
prejudging the upcoming program switching instruction according to the user habit and the program sequence of the program list, and performing priority sequencing on various program data in the program list to obtain the priority sequence of program switching;
the preprocessing module caches each item of program data in the program list to the cache region according to the priority sequence of the program switching;
and the controller acquires the authorization control information of each item of program data in the program list in real time according to the priority sequence of the program switching, and further acquires a descrambling information table of the program list.
8. The method for fast switching of digital programs according to claim 7, wherein the method for fast switching of digital programs further comprises:
and utilizing a user habit behavior learning module to learn and update the user habit behavior according to the frequency of watching each byte by the user in a preset time period.
9. A digital set top box, comprising:
a controller;
the memory is in communication connection with the controller and is provided with a cache region;
a demultiplexer communicatively coupled to the controller;
the audio and video decoder is in communication connection with the controller;
the processor is in communication connection with the controller and comprises a preprocessing module and a cache management module;
before demultiplexing operation, the preprocessing module caches each item of program data corresponding to a program list of the digital set-top box to the cache region, caches each item of program data as a program cache unit, and marks a frame group header address of each item of program data;
the cache management module is used for acquiring a frame group head address of a program cache unit corresponding to a program switching instruction according to the mark made by the preprocessing module and sending the frame group head address to the demultiplexer, so that the demultiplexer reads the program data in the program cache unit based on a direct memory access mode to demultiplex; before the decoder is reset, the cache management module starts to push the audio and video stream data output by the demultiplexer to the corresponding ES cache units in the ES cache region of the audio and video decoder, so that the audio and video decoder decodes the audio and video stream data in each ES cache unit after the audio and video decoder is reset.
10. The digital set-top box of claim 9, further comprising:
the controller acquires a descrambling information table of the program list in real time and stores the descrambling information table to a memory; the controller provides the authorization control information of the program data corresponding to the program switching instruction to a CA system;
the processor further comprises a descrambler; the descrambler receives the control word fed back by the CA system and descrambles the program data corresponding to the program switching instruction by using the control word;
and the cache management module pushes the descrambled program data to the demultiplexer for demultiplexing.
11. The digital set-top box of claim 10, wherein the processor further comprises:
the user habit behavior learning module is used for learning and updating user habit behaviors according to the frequency of watching various bytes by a user within a preset time period;
the switching instruction pre-judging module is in communication connection with the user habit behavior learning module, pre-judges the program switching instruction according to the user habit behavior and the program sequence of the program list, and performs priority sequencing on various program data in the program list to obtain the priority sequence of program switching;
the preprocessing module caches each item of program data in the program list to the cache region according to the priority sequence of the program switching; or/and
and the controller acquires the authorization control information of each item of program data in the program list in real time according to the priority sequence of the program switching, and further acquires a descrambling information table of the program list.
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