CN108320648A - A kind of anatomical model of endoscopic surgery - Google Patents
A kind of anatomical model of endoscopic surgery Download PDFInfo
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- CN108320648A CN108320648A CN201810069683.4A CN201810069683A CN108320648A CN 108320648 A CN108320648 A CN 108320648A CN 201810069683 A CN201810069683 A CN 201810069683A CN 108320648 A CN108320648 A CN 108320648A
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- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
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- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
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- G09B23/285—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine for injections, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, sigmoidscopy, insertion of contraceptive devices or enemas
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of anatomical model for endoscopic surgery.The anatomical model for endoscopic surgery, including basis cranii sclerotin before simulation, simulation concha, simulation schneiderian membrance, simulation arteria carotis, simulation optic nerve and for putting the knurl placing device for simulating knurl, the simulation concha, simulation arteria carotis, simulation optic nerve are connect with basis cranii sclerotin before simulation, the sella turcica zone position of the basis cranii sclerotin before the simulation is arranged in the knurl placing device, the simulation schneiderian membrance is covered on the simulation concha outer wall, and can be removed from simulation concha.The present invention has good authenticity by anatomical model prepared by 3D printing technique, and it is cheap, it is easy to get and has complete lesion structure, and it being capable of training operation training that is long-term, being repeatedly used for nerve endoscope simulation operation, it can be used for endoscopic surgery training, operation rehearsal and preoperative simulated operation, reduce the risk of operation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to neurosurgery the field of medical instrument technology, relate more specifically to a kind of dissection of endoscopic surgery
Model.
Background technology
Endoscopic surgery is one of main minimal invasive techniques of neurosurgery, has small wound, good effect, postoperative complications
The advantages that few.Compared with microscope, endoscopic surgery wound smaller, the visual field is apparent, and range of exposure is more extensive, can closely see
Lesion is examined, surgical procedure is accurate, careful, significantly reduces surgical injury, reduces complication, improves operative effect.And art
It is painful small afterwards, restore fast, the hospital stays is short, and expense is low.Nerve endoscope is in tumor of base of skull, intraventricular tumor, hydrocephalus, cerebral hemorrhage
Deng operation in possess big advantage, significantly reduce the wound of operation and the pain of patient, shorten hospital stays and operation
Expense, scope and Microinvasive neurosurgery will be as following developing direction.
Endoscopic surgery training is the endoscopic surgery technical ability for neurosurgery postgraduate and neurosurgical doctor
A training study course junior doctor can be made to be familiar with, grasp the spy of endoscopic surgery by the systematic learning of the study course
Sign, and by specifically putting into practice, the knowwhy of Anatomicapproach and practical application are combined closely, for neurosurgery postgraduate
Primary endoscopic surgery clinical skill is obtained with neurosurgical doctor to be very beneficial.Training contents are usually given lessons by theory, corpse
Four head rehearsal, operation demonstration and Cases Discussion parts form.Wherein corpse head drills this partial content, previous endoscopic surgery
Training is practiced with corpse head, but corpse head has the following disadvantages：It is expensive, it is not easy to obtain, is unable to repetitive operation, soak has
Toxicity.Therefore it provides a kind of economical and easily available emulation training model has very important significance.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is for existing defect, provide a kind of anatomical model of endoscopic surgery.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：
A kind of anatomical model of endoscopic surgery, including basis cranii sclerotin, simulation concha, simulation schneiderian membrance, simulation neck before simulation
Artery, simulation optic nerve, the knurl placing device for putting simulation knurl, the simulation concha, simulation arteria carotis, simulation regard
Neural to be connect with basis cranii sclerotin before the simulation, the sella region of the basis cranii sclerotin before the simulation is arranged in the knurl placing device
Position, the simulation schneiderian membrance are covered on the simulation concha outer wall, and can be removed from simulation concha.
The concha includes upper, middle and lower concha, and a thin layer silica gel material is smeared on the upper, middle and lower concha outer wall, is obtained
Simulate schneiderian membrance so that texture, pliability, viscosity and the elasticity for simulating schneiderian membrance are all similar with true schneiderian membrance.
The part sclerotin of sella region is removed, including anterior clinoid process, posterior clinoid process, part sphenoid sinus, tubercle of sellae, ephippium, saddle back,
A cavity is formed in sella region, designs knurl placing device, the knurl placing device is cyclic annular or tubulose.
Preferably, the model further includes simulation knurl, and the simulation knurl is seated on the knurl placing device.
It is highly preferred that the simulation knurl is the simulation tumour of birds, beasts and eggs or 3D printing.
Wherein, the simulation tumour of 3D printing is made of 3D printing technique, can be specifically first design tumour big
Small and shape, then prints the film of tumour, then is irrigated the materials such as silica gel or gel and obtains simulation tumour.
Preferably, the birds, beasts and eggs are egg or quail egg, and the egg or quail egg can be raw or different cooked
Degree, wherein preferably medium.Due to egg or other eggs, such as quail egg, boil to it is medium when and tumour knot
Structure and texture are closest, wherein eggshell can simulate saddle bottom bony structure（Thin sclerotin）, albumen simulation hypophysoma, yolk
Simulate hypophysis, egg membrane simulation saddle bottom dura mater.Most sellar tumours, if Consistency of Pituitary Adenomas is soft, with medium protein
Ground is similar.Using medium eggs as simulation tumour, can from outside to inside utmostly simulation saddle area sclerotin, meninx,
The important features such as hypophysoma and hypophysis, the height analogue simulation sense of touch and feedback of human body active environment.
During carrying out simulated surgical operation using model, due to there is no sella region sclerotin in model, so removing
After schneiderian membrance, the saddle bottom sclerotin of egg shell simulation is abraded with spark, is then carried out albumen and is struck off or absorb, and yolk then serves as
Hypophysis needs to avoid influencing in tumour abrading process, can be with the true surgical procedure of altitude simulation.
Preferably, the knurl placing device by the first annulus, the second annulus and is used to support consolidating for first annulus
Determine device composition, first annulus is connect with second annulus by connecting component.
The diameter of annulus can be designed adjustment according to the size of knurl, after the design of position is to be put into knurl, knurl
Bottom is best just at saddle bottom position.The areas Die An of basis cranii sclerotin before first annulus can be fixed on by the fixing device.
Preferably, the connecting component is band.
First annulus is connect with second annulus using band, and the second annulus includes serial size specification, so as to
Fixed range can be adjusted at any time according to the size of simulation knurl.
Model for endoscopic surgery further includes angle adjustment plate, the angle adjustment plate and basis cranii before the simulation
Sclerotin bottom connects.
Preferably, the angle adjustment plate be 2, respectively before simulation basis cranii sclerotin bottom the left and right sides.Adjustment plate
The placed angle that anatomical model can be adjusted, makes head swing back, and as allows nasal passages perpendicular to the ground as possible, is conducive to scope and operation
Instrument enters sphenoid sinus straight up and down so that nasal passages are parallel with operation horizontal plane, perpendicular to the ground, ensure training surgical procedure
It is normative.
The model for endoscopic surgery further includes simulating upper alveolus, alveolus and basis cranii before simulation in the simulation
Sclerotin connects, and the two is also integrated printing shaping.
The model further includes simulation of facial, and simulation of facial is fitted and connected with basis cranii sclerotin front before the simulation.It is preferred that
The material on ground, the simulation of facial is silica gel.
Basis cranii sclerotin, simulation concha, simulation arteria carotis, simulation optic nerve and knurl placing device are to pass through before the simulation
What 3D printing technique integrally printed.
A kind of preparation method of the anatomical model of endoscopic surgery, includes the following steps：
S1：The threedimensional model image of basis cranii sclerotin, concha, arteria carotis, optic nerve before obtaining, remove sella region anterior clinoid process, after
Bed is prominent, part sphenoid sinus, tubercle of sellae, ephippium and saddle back sclerotin image, and designs the knurl placing device；
S2：It is printed using 3D printing technique, wherein the preceding basis cranii sclerotin printed material is hard material, concha prints material
Material is soft material, smears a thin layer silica gel material as schneiderian membrance in the concha outer wall printed, is prepared in nerve
The anatomical model of videoendoscopic surgery.
Further, the preparation method of the anatomical model of the endoscopic surgery further includes following steps：
S3：Prepare simulation knurl according to the image data of knurl；
S4：Simulation knurl is placed on knurl placing device and is fixed, the solution of the endoscopic surgery is prepared
Cut open model.
Anatomical model as described above for endoscopic surgery is in endoscopic surgery training, teaching, training and art
Application in front simulation operation.
The live body training opportunity of the limitation of increase and law and ethics due to cost, doctor is fewer and fewer, the present invention
The anatomical model altitude simulation sense of touch and feedback of human body active environment, there is complete lesion, can be used for nerve endoscope hand
The classical art formula of one of art --- the surgery training of trans-nasal-sphenoidal approach under nerve endoscope carries out endoscopic surgery training for doctor
The non-living body of instruction is trained, and has good practical value and replicability.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
There is good authenticity by the anatomical model of 3D printing, and cheap, is easy to get and has complete lesion
Structure, and being capable of training operation training long-term and that nerve endoscope simulation operation can be recycled and reused for.It can also be with it to god
The training of non-living body is carried out through surgeon, can also simulated operation be carried out to operation before surgery, be reduced the risk of operation.Into
One step, using medium eggs as simulation tumour, saddle area sclerotin, meninx, hypophysis are utmostly simulated from outside to inside
The important features such as tumor and hypophysis, height emulate the simulation sense of touch and feedback of human body active environment.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of anatomical model.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram for the anatomical model for being fixed with simulation knurl.
Specific implementation mode
The attached figures are only used for illustrative purposes and cannot be understood as limitating the patent；It is attached in order to more preferably illustrate the present embodiment
Scheme certain components to have omission, zoom in or out, does not represent the size of actual product；To those skilled in the art,
The omitting of some known structures and their instructions in the attached drawings are understandable.Being given for example only property of position relationship described in attached drawing
Illustrate, should not be understood as the limitation to this patent.
Embodiment 1
A kind of anatomical model for endoscopic surgery, including basis cranii sclerotin 100 before simulation, simulation concha, simulation schneiderian membrance,
Simulate arteria carotis 101, simulation optic nerve 102, knurl placing device 103 and simulation knurl 104, simulation concha, simulation arteria carotis
101, simulation optic nerve 102 is connect with basis cranii sclerotin 100 before simulation, knurl placing device 103 and basis cranii sclerotin 100 before simulation
Sella region insertion connection, simulation schneiderian membrance are covered on simulation concha outer wall, and simulation knurl 104 is seated in knurl placing device
In 103.The model further includes simulation of facial, and simulation of facial is fitted and connected with basis cranii sclerotin front before simulation.
The preparation method of the anatomical model includes basis cranii sclerotin, concha, arteria carotis, optic nerve before obtaining（Optic chiasma）Shadow
As data（CT or MRI）, DICOM format is saved as, reconstruction software is imported and carries out three-dimensional reconstruction, two-dimensional image picture is converted
For three-dimensional model image, then suitable material is selected to carry out 3D printing.
Specifically, the preparation method of various pieces is as follows：
Simulation of facial：Obtain image data（CT or MRI）, DICOM format is saved as, reconstruction software is imported and carries out Facial reconstruction,
Two-dimensional image picture is converted to three-dimensional model image, design and the facial mold of making, using 3D printing technique printing surface
The mold in portion.The silica gel material configured is perfused in facial mold, after being demoulded, can obtain and the basic phase of real life facial
With the simulation of facial of texture.
Basis cranii sclerotin 100 before simulation：Obtain image data（CT or MRI）, DICOM format is saved as, reconstruction software is imported
Basis cranii bony remodeling before carrying out, is converted to two-dimensional image picture three-dimensional model image, is printed, beaten using 3D printing technique
Print material is hard white material.
Simulate concha：Obtain image data（CT or MRI）, DICOM format is saved as, reconstruction software is imported and carries out upper, middle and lower
Concha is rebuild, and two-dimensional image picture is converted to three-dimensional model image, is printed using 3D printing technique, and printed material is soft
Matter baby pink material.A thin layer silica gel material is smeared in the concha wall printed, obtains simulation schneiderian membrance so that simulation nose
Texture softness, viscosity and the elasticity of mucous membrane can be similar with true schneiderian membrance.
Simulate arteria carotis 101：Obtain image data（CT or MRI）, DICOM format is saved as, reconstruction software is imported and carries out
Part Carotid reconstruction is converted to two-dimensional image picture three-dimensional model image, is printed using 3D printing technique, and material is printed
Material is red material.
Simulate optic nerve（Optic chiasma）102：Obtain image data（CT or MRI）, DICOM format is saved as, imports and rebuilds
Software carries out optic nerve and optic chiasma is rebuild, and two-dimensional image picture is converted to three-dimensional model image, using 3D printing skill
Art prints, and printed material is yellow material.
Knurl placing device 103：Preceding basis cranii sclerotin 100 before the printing, removes the part sclerotin of sella region, including before
Bed is prominent, posterior clinoid process, part sphenoid sinus, tubercle of sellae, ephippium, saddle back, a knurl placing device is designed at sella region, knurl is set
Device 103 is put by the first annulus 1031, the second annulus 1032 and the fixing device of the first annulus 1031 is supported to form, the first annulus
1031 and second the diameter of annulus 1032 can be designed adjustment according to the size of knurl, after being put into knurl, knurl wall bottom
Just at saddle bottom position, the first annulus 1031 and the second annulus 1032 are connected using band 1033, so as to according to the tumor of storing
The size of body can adjust fixed range at any time.
The production method for simulating knurl 104：It is made of 3D printing, specifically first designs the size and shape of tumour,
Then the film of tumour is printed, then simulation tumour is obtained by the way that the materials such as silica gel, gel are perfused.
Before use, simulation knurl 104 is placed on the first annulus 1031 of knurl placing device 103, then by second
Annulus 1032 is sleeved on from top in simulation knurl 104, is connected the first annulus 1031 and the second annulus 1032 by band 1033
It is fixed so that knurl will be simulated.
The model is used for trans-nasal-sphenoidal approach surgery training under nerve endoscope, and surgery training process is：Schneiderian membrance is removed first,
Fracture passage nasal septal cartilage, slowly continues to exert oneself, avoids the tearing for causing offside schneiderian membrance.Once offside schneiderian membrance separates
After one narrow space, then underthrust of taking advantage of a situation nasal speculum blade is up to anterior sphenoidal wall, then gradually expands, and fully exposes anterior sphenoidal wall.
After correct exposure identification bilateral Opening of sphenoid sinus, then sting except plough shape bone.Then, saddle bottom sclerotin is abraded with spark, the step needs
Want the careful delicate operation of patient.After grinding notch, it can be stung with laminectomy rongeur and remove saddle bottom sclerotin.After cutting saddle bottom dura mater, i.e.,
The soft tumor tissues of visible white matter overflow.At this moment, it needs scope being deep into saddle, with taking tumor pincers by tumour from normal pituitary
It is pulled on diaphragma sellae.By aforesaid operations, reach fully and completely tumor resection.
Embodiment 2
A kind of anatomical model for endoscopic surgery further includes angle adjustment plate 105 in addition to the structure composition of embodiment 1,
The left and right sides of 100 bottom of basis cranii sclerotin is arranged before simulation in the angle adjustment plate 105.
Model preparation method is same as Example 1, and the preparation method of wherein knurl is：Egg is boiled to medium, is used as
Simulate knurl.Wherein eggshell can simulate saddle bottom bony structure（Thin sclerotin）, albumen simulation hypophysoma, yolk simulation hypophysis,
Egg membrane simulation saddle bottom dura mater.Most sellar tumours, it is similar with medium albumen quality if Consistency of Pituitary Adenomas is soft.
Basis cranii sclerotin, makes head swing back, as allows nasal passages perpendicular to the ground as possible before adjustment plate can adjust in surgical procedure,
Be conducive to scope and surgical instrument and enter sphenoid sinus straight up and down so that nasal passages are parallel with operation horizontal plane, perpendicular to the ground, protect
The normalization of card training surgical procedure.During using model manipulation, due to there is no sella region sclerotin in model, so shelling
After schneiderian membrance, egg shell is abraded with spark（Simulate saddle bottom sclerotin）, then carry out albumen and scrape（It inhales）It removes, and yolk then serves as
Hypophysis needs to avoid influencing in tumour abrading process, the human body live body environment of the true surgical procedure of height simulation.
Obviously, the above embodiment of the present invention is only intended to clearly illustrate examples made by the present invention, and is not to this
The restriction of the embodiment of invention.It for those of ordinary skill in the art, on the basis of the above description can be with
It makes other variations or changes in different ways.There is no necessity and possibility to exhaust all the enbodiments.It is all in this hair
All any modification, equivalent and improvement etc., should be included in the claims in the present invention made by within bright spirit and principle
Within protection domain.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of anatomical model of endoscopic surgery, which is characterized in that including basis cranii sclerotin before simulation（100）, simulation concha,
Simulate schneiderian membrance, simulation arteria carotis（101）, simulation optic nerve（102）With the knurl placing device for putting simulation knurl
（103）, the simulation concha, simulation arteria carotis（101）, simulation optic nerve（102）With basis cranii sclerotin before simulation（100）Connection,
The knurl placing device（103）Basis cranii sclerotin is set before the simulation（100）Sella turcica zone position, the simulation schneiderian membrance
It is covered on the simulation concha outer wall, and can be removed from simulation concha.
2. the anatomical model of endoscopic surgery as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that further include simulation knurl（104）, institute
State simulation knurl（104）It is seated in the knurl placing device（103）It is interior.
3. the anatomical model of endoscopic surgery as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that the simulation knurl（104）For fowl
Egg or the simulation tumour of 3D printing, it is preferable that the birds, beasts and eggs are egg or quail egg.
4. the anatomical model of endoscopic surgery as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the knurl placing device（103）
Including the first annulus（1031）, the second annulus（1032）With for by first annulus（1031）It is fixed on the preceding basion of simulation
Matter（100）The fixing device of sella region, first annulus（1031）With second annulus（1032）Pass through connecting component
（1033）Connection.
5. the anatomical model of endoscopic surgery as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the anatomical model further includes being used for
Adjust the angle adjustment plate of the anatomical model placed angle（105）, the angle adjustment plate（105）It is arranged before the simulation
Basis cranii sclerotin（100）The left and right sides of bottom.
6. the anatomical model of endoscopic surgery as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the model further includes falseface
Portion, simulation of facial and basis cranii sclerotin before the simulation（100）Front be fitted and connected.
7. the anatomical model of endoscopic surgery as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that basis cranii sclerotin before the simulation
（100）, simulation concha, simulation arteria carotis（101）, simulation optic nerve（102）With knurl placing device（103）It is to pass through 3D printing
What technology integrally printed.
8. a kind of preparation method of the anatomical model of the endoscopic surgery as described in claim any one of 1-7, which is characterized in that
Include the following steps：
S1：The threedimensional model image of basis cranii sclerotin, concha, arteria carotis, optic nerve, gets in the threedimensional model image before obtaining
Except the anterior clinoid process of sella region, the sclerotin of posterior clinoid process, part sphenoid sinus, tubercle of sellae, ephippium and saddle back, and designs the knurl and set
Put device；
S2：It is printed using 3D printing technique, wherein the preceding basis cranii sclerotin printed material is hard material, concha prints material
Material is soft material, smears a thin layer silica gel material as simulation schneiderian membrance in the concha outer wall printed, institute is prepared
State the anatomical model for endoscopic surgery.
9. the preparation method of the anatomical model of endoscopic surgery as claimed in claim 8, which is characterized in that further include walking as follows
Suddenly：
S3：Prepare simulation knurl according to the image data of knurl；
S4：Simulation knurl is placed on knurl placing device and is fixed, is prepared described for endoscopic surgery
Anatomical model.
10. as described in 1 to 7 any one of the claims the anatomical model of endoscopic surgery endoscopic surgery training,
Application in teaching, trained and preoperative simulated operation.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109345932A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2019-02-15 | 中国科学院自动化研究所 | Medical model and preparation method thereof based on 3D printing |
| CN113316810A (en) * | 2019-01-10 | 2021-08-27 | 国立大学法人东海国立大学机构 | Evaluation model for endoscopic transnasal surgery, simulated dura mater unit, and method for evaluating surgical mode |
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