CN107492294A - One kind teaching intracranial hematoma model and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
One kind teaching intracranial hematoma model and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 206010059491 Intracranial haematoma Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 210000005013 brain tissue Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 210000003625 skull Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 208000007536 Thrombosis Diseases 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 206010018852 Haematoma Diseases 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000004556 brain Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010977 jade Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims 1
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 210000005036 nerve Anatomy 0.000 description 7
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 4
- 208000000386 Hypertensive Intracranial Hemorrhage Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 210000004227 basal ganglia Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 206010008111 Cerebral haemorrhage Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000023555 blood coagulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007428 craniotomy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000283984 Rodentia Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002490 cerebral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002591 computed tomography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002537 cosmetic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002532 foramen magnum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
- G09B23/285—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine for injections, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, sigmoidscopy, insertion of contraceptive devices or enemas
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of teaching intracranial hematoma model and preparation method thereof, the model includes skull model, emulation brain tissue and emulation hemotoncus block, it is hollow cavity and symmetrical first component and second component that skull model, which includes, and first component is with second component by snapping connection；Emulation brain tissue is positioned in the hollow cavity of first component and second component, and emulation hemotoncus block is embedded in emulation brain tissue.Skull model is made up of photosensitive resin of 3D printing, and emulation brain tissue presses 400 by clear water, agar powder and corn flour：20：1 ratio is made, and emulation hemotoncus block presses 25 by fresh pig blood and clear water：1 ratio is made.The teaching is true to nature with intracranial hematoma model structure, and makes simply, and cost of manufacture is cheap, and can Reusability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to medical educational field, and in particular to one kind teaching intracranial hematoma model and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Neurosurgeon's developmental process is because of the particularity of its training, its growth cycle length, and clinic chance of starting is less, right
For young doctor, the necessity of its modus operandi of suitable model training and operation skill is with regard to especially prominent.With in nerve
The development of mirror technology, nerve endoscope apply it is extensive all the more in operations on cranium and brain, under nerve endoscope evacuation of intracranial hematoma be operation control
The new technology of cerebral hemorrhage is treated, because it has the advantages that minimally invasive, visual lower operation, wide viewing angle, is gradually paid attention to by neurosurgeon
And hemotoncus and puncture drainage are removed in application, substituted existing operation of opening cranium, turn into becoming for the main flow modus operandi of removing hemotoncus
Gesture.And the hospital that domestic neurosurgery carries out nerve endoscope technology at present is more large-scale teaching hospital, scope can be carried out
The hospital of hematoma clearance operation is then less.Intracranial hematoma is formed using hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage to be common, and hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage has occurred frequently
The characteristics of sick rate and high fatal rate, nerve endoscope remove intracranial hematoma technology and seem particularly necessary in Grass-roots Hospital.
Patent of invention content
In view of this, the present invention proposes a kind of teaching intracranial hematoma model, and structure is true to nature, can facilitate basic hospital
Doctor carries out nerve endoscope and removes intracranial hematoma operative training, and its preparation method is simple, and cost is cheap.
To realize above-mentioned target, the present invention provides following technical scheme：
Intracranial hematoma model is used in one kind teaching, including skull model, skull model are hollow structure and phase including inside
Mutually symmetrical first component and second component, first component offer recess, and recess connects the hollow cavity of first component, and second
Part is correspondingly provided with bump openings, and bump openings connect the hollow cavity of second component；Recess and bump openings phase interworking
Conjunction forms fastener, and first component snaps connection with second component；Medical educational also includes artificial brain group with intracranial hematoma model
Hemotoncus block is knitted and emulates, emulation brain tissue is positioned in the hollow cavity of first component and second component, the block embedding of emulation hemotoncus
In brain tissue is emulated.
Further, skull model is made up of photosensitive resin of 3D printing.
Further, emulate brain tissue and press 400 by clear water, agar powder and corn flour：20：1 weight ratio is made.
Further, emulate hemotoncus block and press 25 by fresh pig blood and clear water：1 volume ratio is made.
Meanwhile a kind of preparation method of corresponding teaching intracranial hematoma model is also provided, including with step：
Step 1：Skull model is made, the skull model is made up of symmetrical first component with second component；
Step 2：Make emulation brain tissue；
Step 3：Make emulation hemotoncus block；
Step 4：The emulation brain tissue is inserted in the first component and second component；
Step 5：The emulation hemotoncus block is placed on the first component and the phase in the emulation brain tissue of second component
Answer position；
Step 6：First component described in split and second component.
Further, the skull model forms by using photosensitive resin progress 3D printing.
Further, the preparation method of the emulation brain tissue comprises the following steps：
Skull model content volume is measured, and takes the clear water slightly more than skull model volume；
It is 1 by the weight of agar powder and water ratio：20, agar powder is weighed, is 1 by the weight of corn flour and water ratio：400, claim
Take corn flour；
The above-mentioned agar powder weighed and corn flour are well mixed；
Above-mentioned clear water is boiled to boiling, the above-mentioned agar powder fully mixed, corn flour are added in the clear water boiled, added
During be stirred continuously, until agar powder, corn flour are completely dissolved, mixing agar solution is made；
The temperature of above-mentioned mixing agar solution is maintained at 80 DEG C or more than 80 DEG C；
The mixing agar solution is the liquid form of the emulation brain tissue.
Further, the preparation method of the emulation hemotoncus block comprises the following steps：
Fresh liquid pig blood is taken to be placed in container；
It is 1 by clear water and fresh liquid pig blood volume ratio：25, clear water is added in the fresh liquid pig blood, stands 30
Minute, it is frozen into blood clot；
Above-mentioned blood clot is cut into the emulation hemotoncus block of required shape and required size, is placed on filter paper and blots ambient water
Point.
Further, the first component places 2~3 emulation hemotoncus blocks with second component, simulates different portions respectively
Position haematoma cavity.
Further, the emulation hemotoncus block inserted needed for the first component and second component adds in same aspect
The mixing agar solution, addition treat its cooling untill liquid level is away from the opening position of median sagittal position 1/3, by the emulation hemotoncus
Block is positioned on the agar block of cooling, adds mixing agar solution, is allowed to cool solidification, and the emulation hemotoncus block is maintained at required
Position.
Further, the emulation hemotoncus block inserted needed for first component and second component, can be first in different aspects
Part with filled in second component it is described mix agar solution, after agar solution cooled and solidified to be mixed, cut out the agar except corresponding site
Block, the emulation hemotoncus block, which is placed in, to be cuted out except place.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1. carrying out the skull model of 3D printing by using photosensitive resin, profile is true to nature, can understand identification related bone mark
Will, drilling is selected according to operative approach or opens cranium position, is easy to simulate preoperative positioning.Skull model is strong but pliable in texture, can be bored with cranium,
Milling cutter, scroll saw etc., which open cranium instrument simulation drilling, opens cranium removes the operation techniques such as bone flap, skull repairing, and effect is true to nature.
2. using agar block as emulation brain tissue, its light transmittance, hardness and normal cerebral tissue are similar, can be easier to puncture
Conduit, nerve endoscope mirror sheath penetrate.Can be as needed, emulation hemotoncus block is put in different parts, different aspects, simulates different positions
Put cerebral hemorrhage.Emulation hemotoncus block is embedded into meeting part slow mechanism dissolved in agar block, and operation enters simulation haematoma cavity, can not only seen
Blood clot true to nature, moreover it is possible to see not blood coagulation, can preferably simulate normal art area hemotoncus.
3. whole manufacturing process is simple, time-consuming less, can be completed using preceding a few hours.One skull model can be same
When insert it is multiple emulation hemotoncus blocks, can meet that more people operate repeatedly.Such as using evacuation of hematoma under the modeling scope and wear
Pierce drainage, can Reusability, mitigate cost pressure.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the first component structural representation of teaching intracranial hematoma model of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the second component structural representation of teaching intracranial hematoma model of the invention.
Fig. 3 is teaching intracranial hematoma model internal structure schematic diagram of the invention.
Fig. 4 is teaching intracranial hematoma model schematic appearance of the invention.
Each reference is in figure：
10- first components；The square recesses of 11-；12- semi-circular indentations；20- second components；21- square protruding openings；22-
Semi-cylindrical hill opening；30- emulates brain tissue；40- emulates hemotoncus block.
Embodiment
Present disclosure is described in further details with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
With reference to shown in Fig. 1-Fig. 4, one kind teaching intracranial hematoma model, its integral frame structure is based on photosensitive resin 3D
Printing technique is the skull model supported, and skull framework eliminates the punch-throughs such as foramen magnum, including first component 10 and the
Two parts 20.First component 10 is symmetrical with second component 20, and is the structure of inner hollow, and first component 10 offers
The one square semi-circular indentation 12 of recess 11 and one, two recesses connect the hollow cavity of first component 10, the phase of second component 20
It is provided with a square protruding opening 21 and a semi-cylindrical hill opening 22 with answering, two bump openings connect second component 20
Hollow cavity；Recess complements each other to form square fastener and semicircle fastener with bump openings, can fix fitting and formed
Whole skull model.The size of square fastener is 5cm*2.5cm, and position is adapted with normal person basal ganglia region position.Semicircle
The size of shape fastener is diameter 100cm.
The teaching also includes emulation brain tissue 30 and emulation hemotoncus block 40 with intracranial hematoma model, and emulation brain tissue is positioned over
First component 10 is embedded in emulation brain tissue with the hollow cavity of second component 20, emulating hemotoncus block.Emulate brain tissue 30
To mix agar block made of corn flour, agar powder, water.Emulation hemotoncus block 40 is to be mixed to coagulate with clear water by fresh animal whole blood
Admittedly the animal blood clot formed.Emulation hemotoncus block 30 is embedded in emulation brain tissue 30.
The Position Design of square fastener and semicircle fastener, which is removed, facilitates first component 10 tightly right with second component 20
Close it is outer, be also convenient for mixing agar, blood clot insert and the fixation of blood clot position.
Emulate the making of brain tissue 30：Skull model volume is measured, the clear water of the 50ml more than skull model volume is taken, by fine jade
The weight of cosmetics and clear water ratio is 1：20, agar powder is weighed, is 1 by the weight of corn flour and clear water ratio：400, weigh corn flour；
Agar powder and corn flour are thoroughly mixed uniform standby, agar powder, the corn flour of different manufacturers difference lot number, by its specifically into
Point, different proportion may be selected, specifically with made mixing agar block hardness, light transmittance and Normal Human Brain Tissue is similar is advisable.Will
Above-mentioned clear water is inserted in beaker after boiling to boiling, on beaker agitator, stirred with stirrer, and is fully mixed above-mentioned
Agar powder, corn flour are slowly at the uniform velocity added in the water boiled, and stirrer ensures stirring all the time in adition process, and water is to occur
Vortex is advisable.When agar adds 3/5, liquid can be stirred with more sticky when adding agar powder with glass bar in beaker, until
Agar powder, corn flour are completely dissolved, and mixing agar solution completes.Above-mentioned course of dissolution is completely dissolved with agar powder, corn flour
Beaker contents temperature is maintained at more than 80 DEG C and is advisable afterwards.First component and second component are kept flat, the agar solution prepared is fallen
Enter in skull model, treat that its natural cooling solidifies, you can simulation Normal Human Brain Tissue.
Emulate the making of hemotoncus block 40：Take fresh pig blood 500ml to be placed in beaker, add 20ml clear water, stand 30min,
Treat its natural coagulation into blood clot.Blood clot is taken out, blade cut is placed in filter paper into the emulation hemotoncus block of required shapes and sizes
On to blot moisture around stand-by.
First component 10 and second component 20 are kept flat, its medial surface is provided with oilpaper, for simulating endocranium, in the above
Mixing agar solution is added, addition is stopped with liquid level away from the opening position of median sagittal position 1/3, treats that its natural cooling solidifies.In cooling
Emulation hemotoncus block is placed on agar block, because hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage majority of case appears in basal ganglia region, therefore can be in basal ganglia region
The emulation hemotoncus block of size and shape needed for inserting, first component can place 2~3 hemotoncus blocks respectively with second component, simulate
Different parts haematoma cavity.Hemotoncus block to be emulated is placed into relevant position and fixation, adds mixing agar solution to filling whole first
Part 10 and second component 20.If blood clot position shifts in adition process, square buckle and semicircle buckle can be passed through
Appropriately adjust, treat the mixing agar solution natural cooling solidification of second of addition, you can by first component 10 and second component 20
Corresponding buckle pairing.Such as blood clot need to be inserted in different aspects, be mixed when can originate in first component with being filled it up with second component
Agar solution, cuted out after agar solution natural cooling to be mixed solidification completely except corresponding site agar block, then emulation hemotoncus block is placed on
Cut out except place.Using cutting out except partially solidified agar inserts blood clotting block mode, hemotoncus position is then relatively fixed, and is not susceptible to offset.
According to above-mentioned steps, model can complete.
Teaching of the present invention be able to can be also repeatedly used as disposable model by the use of intracranial hematoma model.Certain bits
Craniotomy drill hole rows hematoma clearance simulation Post operation is put, square buckle and semicircle buckle is opened, removes model internal mix agar
Block is simultaneously cleaned, and reuses when making hemotoncus model, and drill hole internal layer is adhered to oiliness paper and closed, and now, former drill hole internal layer glues
Attached oilpaper can simulate normal endocranium, and enter to enter a profession simulation evacuation of intracranial hematoma via former bore position.
In specific teaching and training, the first component 10 and second component of the emulation brain tissue of emulation hemotoncus block will be embedded with
20 square buckle and semicircle buckle close-fit emergency, form complete hemotoncus model.By the difference of operative site, using difference
Orientation is fixed on a frame.To the hemotoncus block of diverse location, it can position drilling according to skull model bony structure or open cranium position
Put.Such as using CT guiding menisectomy modes, after being positioned using OM lines as the quasi- skull CT scanning of baseline rower, tied with reference to CT images
Fruit, student is allowed to have certain understanding to hemotoncus position, size in iconography angle, then simulate and perform the operation by operating procedure row.
If row haematoma cavity puncture drainage and the simulation of scope evacuation of hematoma, according to specific needs, choose boring sites in curing,
Cranium drilling.If simulation Craniotomy evacuation of hematoma, available cranium drilling and milling knife, scroll saw, rongeur etc. open cranium instrument simulation drilling,
Open cranium and remove the operation techniques such as bone flap, skull repairing.
Complete to simulate Post operation, opening square buckle and semicircle buckle, removing agar block inside model and clean.If
Hemotoncus model need to be made again, then is adhered to and closed with oiliness paper in former drill hole internal layer, artificial brain is made again according to the above method
Tissue and emulation hemotoncus block.Former drill hole internal layer adhesion oilpaper can simulate normal endocranium, enter mould of entering a profession via former bore position
Intend evacuation of intracranial hematoma.
Above-listed detailed description is illustrating for possible embodiments of the present invention, and the embodiment simultaneously is not used to limit this hair
Bright the scope of the claims, all equivalence enforcements or change without departing from carried out by the present invention, it is intended to be limited solely by the scope of the claims of this case.
Claims (10)
1. intracranial hematoma model is used in one kind teaching, it is characterised in that：Including skull model, emulation brain tissue and hemotoncus block is emulated,
It is hollow cavity and symmetrical first component and second component that the skull model, which includes, the first component and second
Part is by snapping connection；The emulation brain tissue is positioned in the hollow cavity of the first component and second component, described
Emulation hemotoncus block is embedded in the emulation brain tissue.
2. intracranial hematoma model is used in teaching according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The skull model is by photosensitive resin
It is made up of 3D printing.
3. intracranial hematoma model is used in teaching according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described emulation brain tissue by clear water,
Agar powder and corn flour press 400：20：1 weight ratio is made.
4. intracranial hematoma model is used in teaching according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The emulation hemotoncus block is by fresh pig
Blood presses 25 with clear water：1 volume ratio is made.
5. intracranial hematoma model production method is used in one kind teaching, it is characterised in that including with step：
Step 1：Make skull model, the skull model is by symmetrically and can the first component of buckle and second mutually
Part is formed；
Step 2：Make emulation brain tissue；
Step 3：Make emulation hemotoncus block；
Step 4：The emulation brain tissue is inserted in the first component and second component；
Step 5：The corresponding positions emulation hemotoncus block being placed in the emulation brain tissue of the first component and second component
Put；
Step 6：By the first component and the mutual buckle of second component, split is overall.
6. the preparation method of teaching intracranial hematoma model according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：The artificial brain group
The preparation method knitted comprises the following steps：
Skull model content volume is measured, and takes the clear water more suitable than skull model volume；
It is 1 by the weight of agar powder and water ratio：20, agar powder is weighed, is 1 by the weight of corn flour and water ratio：400, weigh jade
Ground rice；
The above-mentioned agar powder weighed and corn flour are well mixed；
Above-mentioned clear water is boiled to boiling, and the above-mentioned agar powder fully mixed, corn flour are added in the clear water boiled, was added
It is stirred continuously in journey, until agar powder, corn flour are completely dissolved, mixing agar solution is made；
The temperature of the mixing agar solution is maintained at 80 DEG C or more than 80 DEG C；
The mixing agar solution is the liquid form for emulating brain tissue.
7. the preparation method of teaching intracranial hematoma model according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：The emulation hemotoncus
The preparation method of block comprises the following steps：
Fresh liquid pig blood is taken to be placed in container；
It is 1 by clear water and fresh liquid pig blood volume ratio：25, clear water is added in the fresh liquid pig blood, stands 30 minutes,
It is frozen into blood clot；
Above-mentioned blood clot is cut into the emulation hemotoncus block of required shape and required size, is placed on filter paper and blots moisture around.
8. the preparation method of teaching intracranial hematoma model according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：The first component
2~3 emulation hemotoncus blocks are placed with second component, simulate different parts haematoma cavity respectively.
9. the preparation method of teaching intracranial hematoma model according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：The first component
With second component needed for the emulation hemotoncus block inserted in same aspect, add the mixing agar solution, addition with liquid level away from
1/3 opening position of median sagittal position is stopped, and treats its cooling, and the emulation hemotoncus block is positioned on the agar block of cooling, added
Agar solution is mixed, is allowed to cool solidification.
10. the preparation method of teaching intracranial hematoma model according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：Described first
The emulation hemotoncus block inserted needed for part and second component, can be first built-in in the first component and second component in different aspects
Agar solution is completely mixed, after agar solution solidification to be mixed, cuts out the agar block except corresponding site, the emulation hemotoncus block, which is placed in cut out, to be removed
Place.
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