CN108174126B - CCD signal sampling position accurate selection method based on visible light image - Google Patents

CCD signal sampling position accurate selection method based on visible light image Download PDF

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CN108174126B
CN108174126B CN201711462630.0A CN201711462630A CN108174126B CN 108174126 B CN108174126 B CN 108174126B CN 201711462630 A CN201711462630 A CN 201711462630A CN 108174126 B CN108174126 B CN 108174126B
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CN108174126A (en
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张斐然
李春梅
董书莉
胡雨婷
董方
董龙
李亮
肖龙
蔡帅
赵斌
刘克
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Beijing Institute of Space Research Mechanical and Electricity
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
    • H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
    • H04N25/71—Charge-coupled device [CCD] sensors; Charge-transfer registers specially adapted for CCD sensors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/80—Camera processing pipelines; Components thereof
    • H04N23/81—Camera processing pipelines; Components thereof for suppressing or minimising disturbance in the image signal generation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
    • H04N25/60—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
    • H04N25/60—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise
    • H04N25/616—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise involving a correlated sampling function, e.g. correlated double sampling [CDS] or triple sampling

Abstract

A method for accurately selecting a CCD signal sampling position based on a visible light image is characterized in that a relation between two sampling holding pulses is counted by using a correlation double sampling technology through a complete imaging system, characteristic quantity of an image when a sampling position changes is counted, accurate CCD analog signal information is obtained by calculating a change value of the characteristic quantity, and a working state of a CCD is directly obtained, so that a basis is provided for selecting the sampling position. The method gives the complete waveform of the CCD analog signal in a signal period according to the actual camera use condition and the analog signal amplitude change condition, so that the selection result has better adaptability. The waveform image has high stability and good imaging condition.

Description

CCD signal sampling position accurate selection method based on visible light image
Technical Field
The invention relates to a CCD signal sampling position accurate selection method based on a visible light image, and belongs to the field of signal processing.
Background
During the operation of the CCD, reset noise is one of the most dominant noise interferences. In the reset noise processing method, the related double sampling technology is easy to implement, has wide application occasions, and is the most commonly adopted technology in practical application. Since the CCD reset noise is not uniformly distributed in one signal period, the selection of the sampling position will have a certain influence on the image. In order to reduce noise and improve the image signal-to-noise ratio, the sampling positions are selected to be in the relative flat areas of the CCD analog signal reference level and the signal level respectively.
The traditional sampling position selection method is to select a sampling position by observing the phase of a CCD (charge coupled device) analog signal through an oscilloscope, but the method has internal delay of a device, the internal delay cannot be measured and can only be estimated through experience, and the internal delay is changed along with the change of FPGA (field programmable gate array) layout and wiring. When the CCD signal frequency is lower, the method can solve the problem of the sampling position, but when the CCD signal frequency is higher, the uncertainty of the internal delay causes the deviation of the sampling position, and the optimization of the sampling position is seriously influenced. In addition, an oscilloscope is adopted to observe the CCD analog signal, and due to the problem of impedance matching, the measured signal integrity of the analog signal is poor, the waveform is seriously deformed, and the selection of the CCD sampling position is difficult.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem solved by the invention is as follows: aiming at the problems that internal delay cannot be recorded, sampling positions are prone to deviation, waveforms are prone to deformation and the like caused by the fact that the frequency of a CCD signal is changed in the prior art, a CCD signal sampling position accurate selection method based on a visible light image is provided, and accurate selection of the CCD sampling positions is achieved.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a CCD signal sampling position accurate selection method based on visible light images comprises the following steps:
(1) setting a preset sampling position, performing related double sampling on the analog signal output by the CCD, and obtaining and storing images at different positions by changing the preset sampling position until obtaining images at all sampling positions in a signal period;
(2) counting all the sampling position images obtained in the step (1), and calculating a characteristic value of each image;
(3) drawing a complete oscillogram of the CCD analog signal in a signal period according to the image characteristic values obtained in the step (2);
(4) performing gain control on the CDD camera, observing the waveform change condition of CDD analog signals under different gain control conditions, and selecting an optimal gain control quantity;
(5) keeping the optimal gain control quantity selected in the step (4) unchanged, changing the input illumination of the CDD camera, obtaining CCD analog signal oscillograms under different illumination conditions, and selecting the illumination condition with the optimal image condition;
(6) and analyzing the oscillogram under the optimal illumination condition to determine an optimal preset sampling position.
In the step (1), the preset sampling position includes a reference level position and a signal level position, and the specific steps of acquiring images of all sampling positions are as follows:
(1a) keeping the reference level position unchanged, changing the signal level position, if the reference level position is positioned at the left side of the signal level position, selecting all sampling positions from the reference level position as a starting point to one side of the initial signal level position until the signal period is finished, and storing the obtained image at each position;
if the reference level position is positioned on the right side of the signal level position, selecting all sampling positions from the reference level position as a starting point to the initial signal level position side to the initial signal period starting position, and storing an image obtained at each position;
(1b) keeping the signal level position unchanged, changing the reference level position, selecting all sampling positions from the initial reference level position to the signal period starting position on the other side of the signal level position if the reference level position is positioned on the left side of the signal level position, and storing the image obtained at each position;
if the reference level position is positioned on the right side of the signal level position, selecting all sampling positions from the initial reference level position as a starting point to the other side of the signal level position until the signal period is finished, and storing the obtained image of each position;
(1c) and (4) summarizing all the images obtained in the step (1a) and the step (1b) to obtain all the sampling position images in the signal period.
In the step (2), the image characteristic values include an image gray value mean, an image root mean square noise and an image signal-to-noise ratio, wherein:
mean value of image gray values
Figure BDA0001530603470000031
The calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
Figure BDA0001530603470000032
in the formula, DNiThe image gray value of the ith image is obtained, and n is the number of the images;
the image root mean square noise std is calculated as follows:
Figure BDA0001530603470000033
SNR of image signal to noise ratioJThe calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
Figure BDA0001530603470000034
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0001530603470000035
is the mean value of the gray values of the image of the jth column of the image, stdjThe image is j column data root mean square noise.
In the step (3), the specific method for determining the position coordinates of the images at the sampling positions in the CDD analog signal oscillogram according to the data obtained in the step (2) is as follows:
(i) if the sampling position image is obtained in the step (1a), the horizontal coordinate in the position coordinate is the signal level position serial number of the sampling position, and the vertical coordinate calculation formula is as follows:
Y＝|DNi|
(ii) if the sampling position image is obtained in the step (1b), the abscissa in the position coordinates is the reference level position serial number of the sampling position, and the ordinate calculation formula is as follows:
Y＝|DN0-DNi|
in the formula, DN0Is the preset sampling position image gray value.
In the step (4), gain control is performed on the CCD analog signal waveform output by the CCD signal processing circuit, and if the analog signal waveform phase needs to be shifted backward, the signal waveform is made to be slow when the gain control is increased; if the phase of the analog signal waveform needs to be advanced, the signal waveform is made steep when the gain control is reduced.
In the step (5), a specific method for selecting the optimal CCD input illumination is as follows:
(5a) changing the imaging brightness of the camera by changing the CCD input illumination, and determining the imaging CCD input illumination under the condition of the maximum imaging brightness of the camera;
(5b) respectively selecting 20% -30% and 60% -70% of the input illumination of the imaging CCD under the condition that the imaging brightness of the camera is maximum, comparing the imaging brightness of the camera under the two conditions, and selecting the input illumination range with the best imaging brightness.
In the step (6), the method for selecting the optimal sampling position comprises the following steps:
according to the optimal CCD input illumination and optimal gain control obtained in the step (5), the corresponding sampling position of the relatively flat position of the waveform of the CDD analog signal waveform diagram is used as an alternative sampling position, the optimal sampling position is selected from a plurality of alternative sampling positions in the same signal period, and the specific judgment basis is as follows:
(i) whether the position image has obvious mutation of the root mean square noise;
(ii) whether the signal-to-noise ratio of the position image has obvious mutation or not;
if the image at the position has obvious mutation in both root mean square noise and signal-to-noise ratio, selecting the alternative sampling position with the minimum mutation condition as the optimal sampling position; and if the image at the position has no obvious mutation in both the root mean square noise and the signal-to-noise ratio, selecting the corresponding position of the image with better image linearity as the optimal sampling position.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) according to the method for accurately selecting the sampling position of the CCD signal based on the visible light image, the image is directly adopted as a basis, the method is independent of a measuring instrument, the feasibility is high, the operation is simple, the result is reliable, the internal delay and noise of a device are effectively eliminated, the sampling frequency is improved, and the accuracy and the stability of selecting the sampling position of the CCD signal are improved;
(2) the invention adopts the statistical value as the characteristic value, the obtained CCD analog signal waveform is more reliable, the misjudgment caused by the bad point, the noise point or the over-lighting of the local pixel of the detector can not be caused, and simultaneously, the statistical mean square noise and the signal-to-noise ratio are used as the auxiliary judgment basis.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method provided by the present invention;
Detailed Description
A method for accurately selecting a CCD signal sampling position based on a visible light image is shown in figure 1 and comprises the following specific steps:
(1) performing correlated double sampling on the analog signal output by the CCD, setting a preset sampling position, obtaining images at different positions by changing the preset sampling position, and storing the images until obtaining images of all sampling positions in the signal period;
(2) counting all the sampling position images obtained in the step (1), and calculating a characteristic value of each image;
(3) drawing a complete oscillogram of the CCD analog signal in a signal period according to the image characteristic values obtained in the step (2);
(4) performing gain control on the CDD camera, observing the waveform change condition of CDD analog signals under different gain control conditions, and selecting optimal gain control;
(5) changing the input illumination of a CDD camera, repeating the steps (2) to (4) under the illumination condition to obtain CCD analog signal oscillograms under different illumination conditions, and selecting the illumination condition with the optimal image condition;
(6) and (5) analyzing the oscillogram obtained in the step (5), and selecting an optimal preset sampling position.
In the step (1), the preset sampling position is selected arbitrarily, but is usually separated from the CCD analog signal by half a signal period. For two sampling positions of related double sampling, namely a reference level position and a signal level position, when the sampling positions are sequentially changed until all sampling positions in one signal period of analog signals output by a traversing CCD (charge coupled device), the reference level position can be fixed to change the signal level position, or the signal level position can be fixed to change the reference level position, and image summarization obtained by the two modes is camera imaging corresponding to all the sampling positions, wherein:
the preset sampling position comprises a reference level position and a signal level position, and the specific steps of acquiring images of all sampling positions are as follows:
(1a) keeping the reference level position unchanged, changing the signal level position, if the reference level position is positioned at the left side of the signal level position, selecting all sampling positions from the reference level position as a starting point to one side of the initial signal level position until the signal period is finished, and storing the obtained image at each position;
if the reference level position is positioned on the right side of the signal level position, selecting all sampling positions from the reference level position as a starting point to the initial signal level position side to the initial signal period starting position, and storing an image obtained at each position;
(1b) keeping the signal level position unchanged, changing the reference level position, selecting all sampling positions from the initial reference level position to the signal period starting position on the other side of the signal level position if the reference level position is positioned on the left side of the signal level position, and storing the image obtained at each position;
if the reference level position is positioned on the right side of the signal level position, selecting all sampling positions from the initial reference level position as a starting point to the other side of the signal level position until the signal period is finished, and storing the obtained image of each position;
(1c) summarizing all the images obtained in the step (a) and the step (b) and judging the effectiveness, if so, obtaining all the sampling position images in the signal period.
In the step (2), the image characteristic values include an image gray value mean, an image root mean square noise and an image signal to noise ratio, wherein:
mean value of image gray values
Figure BDA0001530603470000061
The calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
Figure BDA0001530603470000062
in the formula, DNiThe image gray value of the ith image is obtained, and n is the number of the images;
the image root mean square noise std is calculated as follows:
Figure BDA0001530603470000063
SNR of image signal to noise ratioJThe calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
Figure BDA0001530603470000064
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0001530603470000065
is the mean value of the gray values of the image of the jth column of the image, stdjThe image is j column data root mean square noise.
In the step (3), the determined CCD analog signal waveform is obtained, and the mean gray-scale values of the images at all sampling positions need to be converted with the same reference level as a reference. The specific method comprises the following steps: and subtracting the gray value of the reference sampling preset sampling position image from the gray value of all the sampling position images, namely converting the gray value of all the sampling position images into a relative value of the gray value of the reference sampling position image and the gray value of all the sampling position images.
The corresponding coordinate calculation method of the image corresponding to the sampling position in the CCD analog signal oscillogram is as follows:
(i) if the sampling position image is obtained in the step (1a), the horizontal coordinate in the position coordinate is the signal level position serial number of the sampling position, and the vertical coordinate calculation formula is as follows:
Y＝|DNi|
in the formula, DNiThe gray value of the image at the currently selected sampling position;
(ii) if the sampling position image is obtained in the step (1b), the abscissa in the position coordinates is the reference level position serial number of the sampling position, and the ordinate calculation formula is as follows:
Y＝|DN0-DNi|
in the formula, DN0Is the preset sampling position image gray value. Drawing a complete waveform of the CCD analog signal in a signal period by taking the serial number of the sampling position as an abscissa and the relative value as an ordinate;
in the step (4), gain control is performed on the CCD analog signal waveform output by the CCD signal processing circuit, and when the gain control is increased, the phase of the analog signal waveform is shifted backwards, and the waveform is slowed down; when the gain control is reduced, the phase of the analog signal waveform is advanced and the waveform becomes steep.
In the step (5), the CCD input illumination is changed, the camera imaging brightness is changed, the imaging CCD input illumination is determined under the condition that the camera imaging brightness is maximum, 20% -30% and 60% -70% of the imaging CCD input illumination under the condition that the camera imaging brightness is maximum are respectively selected, the camera imaging brightness at the moment is compared, and the input illumination range with the best imaging brightness is selected.
In the step (6), according to the optimal CCD input illumination and the optimal gain control obtained in the steps (4) and (5), the sampling position corresponding to the relatively flat position of the waveform of the CDD analog signal waveform diagram is used as an alternative sampling position, and the judgment basis for selecting the optimal sampling position from the multiple alternative sampling positions in the same signal period is as follows:
(i) whether the position image has obvious mutation of the root mean square noise;
(ii) whether the signal-to-noise ratio of the position image has obvious mutation or not;
if the root mean square noise and the signal-to-noise ratio of the position image have obvious mutation, selecting an alternative sampling position with the minimum mutation condition; and if the image at the position has no obvious mutation in both root mean square noise and signal-to-noise ratio, selecting the corresponding position of the image with better image linearity, stability and imaging effect as the optimal sampling position.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that those matters not described in detail in the present specification are well known in the art.

Claims (2)

1. A CCD signal sampling position accurate selection method based on visible light images is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) setting a preset sampling position, performing related double sampling on the analog signal output by the CCD, and obtaining and storing images at different positions by changing the preset sampling position until obtaining images at all sampling positions in a signal period;
the preset sampling position comprises a reference level position and a signal level position, and the specific steps of acquiring images of all sampling positions are as follows:
(1a) keeping the reference level position unchanged, changing the signal level position, if the reference level position is positioned at the left side of the signal level position, selecting all sampling positions from the reference level position as a starting point to one side of the initial signal level position until the signal period is finished, and storing the obtained image at each position;
if the reference level position is positioned on the right side of the signal level position, selecting all sampling positions from the reference level position as a starting point to the initial signal level position side to the initial signal period starting position, and storing an image obtained at each position;
(1b) keeping the signal level position unchanged, changing the reference level position, selecting all sampling positions from the initial reference level position to the signal period starting position on the other side of the signal level position if the reference level position is positioned on the left side of the signal level position, and storing the image obtained at each position;
if the reference level position is positioned on the right side of the signal level position, selecting all sampling positions from the initial reference level position as a starting point to the other side of the signal level position until the signal period is finished, and storing the obtained image of each position;
(1c) summarizing all the images obtained in the step (1a) and the step (1b) to obtain all sampling position images in the signal period;
(2) counting all the sampling position images obtained in the step (1), and calculating a characteristic value of each image;
the image characteristic values comprise an image gray value mean value, image root mean square noise and an image signal-to-noise ratio, wherein:
mean value of image gray values
Figure FDA0002423579310000021
The calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
Figure FDA0002423579310000022
in the formula, DNiThe image gray value of the ith image is obtained, and n is the number of the images;
the image root mean square noise std is calculated as follows:
Figure FDA0002423579310000023
SNR of image signal to noise ratioJThe calculation formula of (a) is as follows:
Figure FDA0002423579310000024
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA0002423579310000025
is the mean value of the gray values of the image of the jth column of the image, stdjThe root mean square noise is j column data of the image;
(3) drawing a complete oscillogram of the CCD analog signal in a signal period according to the image characteristic values obtained in the step (2);
the specific method for determining the position coordinates of each sampling position image in the CCD analog signal oscillogram according to the data obtained in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
(i) if the sampling position image is obtained in the step (1a), the horizontal coordinate in the position coordinate is the signal level position serial number of the sampling position, and the vertical coordinate calculation formula is as follows:
Y＝|DNi|
(ii) if the sampling position image is obtained in the step (1b), the abscissa in the position coordinates is the reference level position serial number of the sampling position, and the ordinate calculation formula is as follows:
Y＝|DN0-DNi|
in the formula, DN0Setting the gray value of the image at a preset sampling position;
(4) performing gain control on the CCD camera, observing the waveform change condition of CCD analog signals under different gain control conditions, and selecting the optimal gain control quantity;
(5) keeping the optimal gain control quantity selected in the step (4) unchanged, changing the input illumination of the CCD camera, obtaining CCD analog signal oscillograms under different illumination conditions, and selecting the illumination condition with the optimal image condition;
the specific method for selecting the optimal CCD input illumination comprises the following steps:
(5a) changing the imaging brightness of the camera by changing the CCD input illumination, and determining the imaging CCD input illumination under the condition of the maximum imaging brightness of the camera;
(5b) respectively selecting 20% -30% and 60% -70% of input illumination of the imaging CCD under the condition that the imaging brightness of the camera is maximum, comparing the imaging brightness of the camera under the two conditions, and selecting the input illumination range with the best imaging brightness;
(6) analyzing the oscillogram under the optimal illumination condition, and determining an optimal preset sampling position;
the method for selecting the optimal sampling position comprises the following steps:
taking a sampling position corresponding to a relatively flat position of the waveform of the CCD analog signal waveform diagram under the conditions of the optimal CCD input illumination and the optimal gain control obtained in the step (5) as an alternative sampling position, and selecting the optimal sampling position from a plurality of alternative sampling positions in the same signal period according to the following specific judgment basis:
(i) whether the position image has obvious mutation of the root mean square noise;
(ii) whether the signal-to-noise ratio of the position image has obvious mutation or not;
if the image at the position has obvious mutation in both root mean square noise and signal-to-noise ratio, selecting the alternative sampling position with the minimum mutation condition as the optimal sampling position; and if the image at the position has no obvious mutation in both the root mean square noise and the signal-to-noise ratio, selecting the corresponding position of the image with better image linearity as the optimal sampling position.
2. The method for accurately selecting the sampling position of the CCD signal based on the visible light image according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (4), gain control is performed on the CCD analog signal waveform output by the CCD signal processing circuit, and if the analog signal waveform phase needs to be shifted backward, the signal waveform is made to be slow when the gain control is increased; if the phase of the analog signal waveform needs to be advanced, the signal waveform is made steep when the gain control is reduced.
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