CN116256593A - Line fault single-ended traveling wave identification and wave head calibration method based on waveform diagram sensitive angle detection - Google Patents
Line fault single-ended traveling wave identification and wave head calibration method based on waveform diagram sensitive angle detection Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a line fault single-ended traveling wave identification and wave head calibration method based on waveform diagram sensitive angle detection, and belongs to the technical field of power transmission line fault positioning. The method comprises the steps of imaging a time domain waveform, detecting the most sensitive angle of the wave head mutation by utilizing Radon transformation and angle-changing projection under the visual angle of a digital image, checking the detection effectiveness by using the non-axisymmetric characteristics of the two sides of the most sensitive angle of the wave head, effectively detecting the wave head group containing a plurality of wave heads, having self-checking capability and being applicable to various bus outgoing line types. The wave head calibration method provided by the invention has stronger robustness, and the detection result is not influenced by fault conditions, signal conditioning links and algorithm self parameters.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a line fault single-ended traveling wave identification and wave head calibration method based on waveform diagram sensitive angle detection, and belongs to the technical field of power transmission line fault positioning.
Background
Along with the proposal of a double-carbon target, the development of new energy is a necessary choice, and along with the transformation and upgrading of a traditional power system to a novel power system taking new energy as a main body, the inertia of the system does not increase along with the scale and even is in a descending trend, so that the reduction of the impact on a double-high power grid is important. The method has the advantages of reliably, timely and accurately positioning the faults of the power transmission line, and has very important effects of reducing line inspection time, shortening rush repair and outage time, effectively reducing congestion of a power transmission channel, power out-of-limit duration time and the like. The traveling wave fault location has the remarkable advantages of high theoretical precision, no influence of a system operation mode, transition resistance, CT saturation and the like, and is widely applied to a power system. Compared with double-end traveling wave ranging, the single-end traveling wave ranging has the advantages of low cost, wide coverage range, no need of off-site multipoint communication and the like, and the current type double-end traveling wave ranging of the main stream is also provided with a single-end traveling wave ranging function.
Single-end ranging is to locate faults by utilizing the time difference between the initial traveling wave and the reflected wave of the subsequent fault point reaching the observation point, so that the position of the subsequent wave head needs to be detected, the subsequent wave head is affected by the line topological structure and the reflection of the discontinuous point of impedance, the identification of the reflected wave head of the fault point is difficult, the ranging result is unreliable, and the engineering practicability of the fault identification and ranging of the single-end traveling wave is always difficult. If a series of homopolar waveform abrupt changes caused by the initial traveling wave and the subsequent fault point reflected wave can be accurately identified, reliable fault location can be performed by using a single-end location method. For the initial traveling wave and the reflected wave group of the subsequent fault point, the wave head identification is realized by the traditional time domain means, the wave head mutation characteristics are not strong due to factors such as the wave head fault type, the fault distance and the like, the situation of ranging failure is caused, a plurality of subsequent wave heads are difficult to find, and the self-checking capability is lacked. The invention is based on inherent sensitivity angle and non-axisymmetry characteristics of the fault traveling wave head under the view angle of the waveform image, and is characterized by projection line integral intensity of the waveform image in a limited direction, and then uses Radon transformation to perform variable angle detection on the waveform image to search for the abrupt change most sensitive angle and judge the non-axisymmetry at two sides of the most sensitive angle, thereby realizing a reliable identification method of single-ended fault initial traveling wave and multiple fault reflection wave groups. The method can effectively inhibit interference such as other directions, pulse, white noise and the like, effectively improve detection reliability and identification capability of subsequent wave heads, improve single-ended ranging formula redundancy, autonomously check results, have wide application scenes, and provide a new idea for single-ended traveling wave analysis fault ranging expansion application.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a line fault single-ended traveling wave identification and wave head calibration method based on wave diagram sensitive angle detection, which is characterized in that on the basis of a wave diagram, according to the mutual correspondence between wave heads and the most sensitive angles of the wave heads, the most sensitive angles of the wave heads are identified, and detection effectiveness check is carried out according to the non-axisymmetric characteristics of the two sides of the wave heads, so that each wave head of a fault traveling wave can be effectively identified, the detection robustness is high, the accuracy is high, and the algorithm adaptability is strong. The method can effectively solve the problem of difficult identification of the second wave head of single-end ranging, can effectively detect a plurality of wave heads with the same level as the initial mutation, overcomes the defect that the main flow methods such as wavelet transformation only can find the first two wave heads in most cases, and greatly improves the credibility of the wave head calibration result because each wave head has the mutual calibration capability.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a line fault single-ended traveling wave identification and wave head calibration method based on waveform diagram sensitive angle detection includes the steps of firstly reading phase current fault traveling waves acquired by a wave recording device, intercepting fault waveforms before and after initial mutation under a proper time window, and making a waveform diagram; secondly, carrying out Radon transformation on the oscillogram within a limited angle range; and then successively searching local extremum for the conversion result, sequentially finding out the most sensitive direction of each wave head mutation, checking the detection effectiveness by using the characteristics of non-axisymmetry of the wave heads at two sides of the most sensitive mutation direction, repeatedly cycling until reaching the set detection upper limit, then obtaining the wave head corresponding moment through pixel-time coordinate conversion, determining the wave head accurate time in a refined interval, and finally obtaining the wave head arrival time difference required by single-end ranging.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
step1: firstly, fault line selection and phase selection are carried out, the full length of the fault line and the opposite-end bus outgoing line type information are read, and the relative polarity of subsequent wave head searching is determined. And intercepting traveling wave data of the fault phase current with the time length of a wave front ams and a wave back bms being (a+b) ms, displaying the traveling wave data in a waveform pattern mode, and initializing parameters. Where a may take 0.2ms and b may take 1.8ms.
Step2: in the angle range [ theta ] min ,θ max ]Inner push step length θ Δ Radon transformation is carried out on the waveform image to obtain projection line integral result matrixes under different angles of the waveform imageR is defined as the formula. Wherein θ is min Can take 75 degrees and theta max Can take 95 degrees and step length theta Δ 1 ° may be taken.
Step3: the search range is from the minimum angle to the initial search angle and from the initial sag to the maximum sag, namely theta epsilon (theta) min ,θ ref )、ρ∈(ρ ref ,ρ max ) Intercepting a corresponding local fragment search maximum value in a matrix R to obtain a corresponding most sensitive angle theta seni 。
Step4: judging whether the variation trend of the line integral value in the symmetrical angle range of the two sides of the most sensitive angle meets the formula (1). If yes, entering Step5; if the value does not meet the search boundary, setting the integral value of the corresponding line to zero according to the formula (2), returning to Step3, and continuing to search backwards; if the search boundary is reached, the process is aborted.
Wherein k is θ The change rate of the line integral value projected by the wave head at a certain side of the most sensitive angle through least square fitting can be obtained according to the formula (3):
R(ρ seni -Δρ:ρ seni +Δρ,θ seni )＝0 (2)
wherein x is i For the step length of the data to be fitted, increasing from 1 to the back; y is i For the wave head to be + -epsilon at the two sides of the most sensitive angle θ Line integral value k in angle range θ 、b θ The slope and intercept obtained by fitting are respectively.
Step5: judging whether the number of the identified wave heads meets the requirements of distance measurement and result checking, if so, entering Step6, if not, updating the searching range standard according to the formula (4), and returning to Step3.
Wherein ρ is seni 、θ seni The starting points of the search ranges of the rows and the columns of the currently detected wave head in the matrix R are respectively, and Deltaρ is the dead zone of the near-end fault
Step6: and (5) obtaining the intersection point of the most sensitive angle characteristic straight line and the waveform image and determining the abscissa of the starting point of each wave head. And (3) performing wave head space pixel distance-time difference conversion according to the formula (5), and completing wave head arrival time calibration in a fine interval corresponding to the original recording data. Substituting the arrival time difference, the wave velocity and the line length of the wave heads into corresponding ranging formulas, and judging whether to perform dual resolution identification according to the slope of the head of the wave according to the type of the bus at the opposite end. And outputting a ranging result of the first time difference and variances of the plurality of ranging results.
Wherein N is the number of sampling points for intercepting waveform data, M is the number of effective pixels of horizontal coordinates in a waveform diagram, and M 0 To plot the horizontal pixels in the top data point in the waveform, v is the wave velocity.
The invention uses the phase current traveling wave data collected by the transmission line fault wave recording device, intercepts the fault traveling wave data under a proper time window, and performs imaging processing, and the current traveling wave transmitted along the two sides of the transmission line generates distortion and attenuation due to the influence of the transmission line frequency change parameters, so that the intensity and the mutation slope of each wave head are reduced along with the increase of the traveling wave transmission distance, and each wave head has a mutation most sensitive angle corresponding to the mutation most sensitive angle. According to the invention, angle-variable projection is performed on the oscillogram through Radon transformation, the most sensitive direction of each wave head mutation is found, and the most detection effectiveness check is performed by using the non-axisymmetric characteristics of the wave heads at the two sides corresponding to the most sensitive angles, so that a plurality of wave heads with the same polarity can be effectively detected, the effective distinction between fault wave heads and noise can be realized, and the capability of checking the correctness of the wave heads is realized.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the method for detecting the most sensitive angle of the wave head mutation and then calibrating the wave head can better grasp the relative independence of the wave head, can effectively detect the wave head, and can reliably detect a plurality of wave heads and has self-checking capability compared with time domain detection means such as wavelet transformation and the like
2. The method has the advantages that the characteristics of non-axisymmetry on two sides of the most sensitive angle of the wave head are utilized initially to check the effectiveness of wave head detection, noise can be effectively eliminated, the noise immunity is high, and the wave head detection accuracy is high.
3. The wave head identification of the traditional time domain data is converted into the detection of the most sensitive change direction of the waveform image space domain and the geometric axisymmetry, the interference of other directions, pulse, white noise and the like can be effectively restrained, the detection reliability and the identification capability of the subsequent wave heads are greatly improved, the single-end ranging operation redundancy is improved, the result self-checking is realized, and a new thought is provided for the single-end traveling wave analysis fault ranging and expansion application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an algorithm of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a fault waveform diagram taken in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the result of the Radon transform of the waveform diagram employed in the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the wave head detection effect a obtained by the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram b of the wave head detection effect obtained by the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram c of the wave head detection effect obtained by the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic diagram d of the wave head detection effect obtained by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the drawings and detailed description.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1, a line fault single-ended traveling wave identification and wave head calibration method based on waveform diagram sensitive angle detection is characterized in that firstly, phase current fault traveling waves collected by a wave recording device are read, fault waveforms before and after initial mutation are intercepted under a proper time window, and a waveform diagram is made; secondly, carrying out Radon transformation on the oscillogram within a limited angle range; and then successively searching local extremum for the conversion result, sequentially finding out the most sensitive direction of each wave head mutation, checking the detection effectiveness by using the characteristics of non-axisymmetry of the wave heads at two sides of the most sensitive mutation direction, repeatedly cycling until reaching the set detection upper limit, then obtaining the wave head corresponding moment through pixel-time coordinate conversion, determining the wave head accurate time in a refined interval, and finally obtaining the wave head arrival time difference required by single-end ranging.
The method comprises the following specific steps:
step1: firstly, fault line selection and phase selection are carried out, the full length of the fault line and the opposite-end bus outgoing line type information are read, and the relative polarity of subsequent wave head searching is determined. And intercepting traveling wave data of the fault phase current with the time length of a wave front ams and a wave back bms being (a+b) ms, displaying the traveling wave data in a waveform pattern mode, and initializing parameters. Where a may take 0.2ms and b may take 1.8ms.
Step2: in the angle range [ theta ] min ,θ max ]Inner push step length θ Δ And carrying out Radon transformation on the waveform image to obtain a projection line integral result matrix R under different angles of the waveform image. Wherein θ is min Can take 75 degrees and theta max Can take 95 degrees and step length theta Δ 1 ° may be taken.
Step3: the search range is from the minimum angle to the initial search angle and from the initial sag to the maximum sag, namely theta epsilon (theta) min ,θ ref )、ρ∈(ρ ref ,ρ max ) Intercepting a corresponding local fragment search maximum value in a matrix R to obtain a corresponding most sensitive angle theta seni 。
Step4: judging whether the variation trend of the line integral value in the symmetrical angle range of the two sides of the most sensitive angle meets the formula (1). If yes, entering Step5; if the value does not meet the search boundary, setting the integral value of the corresponding line to zero according to the formula (2), returning to Step3, and continuing to search backwards; if the search boundary is reached, the process is aborted.
Wherein k is θ The change rate of the line integral value projected by the wave head at a certain side of the most sensitive angle through least square fitting can be obtained according to the formula (3):
R(ρ seni -Δρ:ρ seni +Δρ,θ seni )＝0 (2)
wherein x is i For the step length of the data to be fitted, increasing from 1 to the back; y is i For the wave head to be + -epsilon at the two sides of the most sensitive angle θ Line integral value k in angle range θ 、b θ The slope and intercept obtained by fitting are respectively.
Step5: judging whether the number of the identified wave heads meets the requirements of distance measurement and result checking, if so, entering Step6, if not, updating the searching range standard according to the formula (4), and returning to Step3.
Wherein ρ is seni 、θ seni The starting points of the search ranges of the rows and the columns of the currently detected wave head in the matrix R are respectively, and Deltaρ is the dead zone of the near-end fault
Step6: and (5) obtaining the intersection point of the most sensitive angle characteristic straight line and the waveform image and determining the abscissa of the starting point of each wave head. And (3) performing wave head space pixel distance-time difference conversion according to the formula (5), and completing wave head arrival time calibration in a fine interval corresponding to the original recording data. Substituting the arrival time difference, the wave velocity and the line length of the wave heads into corresponding ranging formulas, and judging whether to perform dual resolution identification according to the slope of the head of the wave according to the type of the bus at the opposite end. And outputting a ranging result of the first time difference and variances of the plurality of ranging results.
Wherein N is truncated waveform dataM is the number of effective pixels of horizontal coordinates in the waveform diagram, M 0 To plot the horizontal pixels in the top data point in the waveform, v is the wave velocity.
On the basis of the technical scheme, further specific implementation description is carried out.
Selecting fault traveling wave recording data, intercepting fault phase current traveling wave mutation front and back data as a waveform diagram, intercepting 2000 data points of 0.2ms before initial mutation and 1.8ms after initial mutation by taking a first wave head position as a reference, and making a waveform diagram of 1200 x 900 pixels, as shown in fig. 2.
Performing Radon transformation containing angle constraint on the waveform diagram:
taking 1200×900 resolution as a waveform chart, taking 1 pixel unit as intercept discrete according to diagonal pixels 1500 of an image, and carrying out Radon variable angle projection on the waveform chart from 95 DEG according to-1 DEG step length in the most sensitive angle range of (71 DEG, 95 DEG) to obtain a matrix R of 1500×25 as shown in fig. 3:
finding the location (ρ) of the largest element within the matrix R max1 ,θ max1 ) = (399,20) in the 20 th column of the Radon transform matrix, i.e. projection angle 0 ° When the point-line integral value at 399 th on the projection axis is maximum, the corresponding abrupt change most sensitive angle theta sen1 ＝90°。
Confirming the non-axisymmetric characteristic of the wave head: solving the current detection wave head local area at theta sen1 Obtaining the line integral value change rate corresponding to the two sides of the most sensitive angle of the current detection wave head by using the maximum line integral value sequence in the projection range of +/-3 degrees, wherein the two-side change rate meets the formula 1 as shown in the table 1:
and confirming that the straight line corresponding to the currently detected most sensitive direction is the wave head.
Table 1: wave head local asymmetry feature validation
And (3) updating a search domain according to a formula (2) based on the current detection wave head, searching for a first subsequent wave head, wherein Deltaρ is the equivalent pixel length of a near-end fault dead zone of 6km, dispersing the detection wave head into about 40 sampling points under a time domain coordinate according to a sampling rate of 1MHz, converting the detection wave head into a pixel length DeltaL=23 px corresponding to the dead zone Deltaρ under an image according to a formula (5), continuously searching for the maximum value in a corresponding range of a matrix R in an updated range, obtaining the most sensitive direction of wave head mutation, confirming the wave head according to a non-axisymmetric characteristic, iteratively and continuously searching backwards as shown in a table 1, and stopping an algorithm when 3 wave heads are detected. The corresponding sensitivity angle line of each detected wave head is shown in fig. 4.
The intersection point is obtained to obtain a starting point horizontal pixel, the horizontal pixel is converted into a time difference according to the formula (5), and a time scale corresponding to each wave head relative to the initial data point is obtained, as shown in table 2.
Table 2: wave head corresponding to starting point coordinate and arrival time scale
The opposite-end bus of the fault line is known to be a plurality of outgoing lines, the wave velocity v=0.298 m/mu s is taken, the arrival time difference of the adjacent wave heads is brought into a ranging formula to obtain a fault distance of 24.88km, 25.03km and a variance of 0.0056, a ranging result 24.88km of the arrival time difference of the first two adjacent wave heads is output, a reference wavelet transformation result of 24.88km, the wave head is effectively marked, single-end ranging is reliable, and the requirement of ranging engineering is met.
Similarly, the remaining implementation effects are obtained, respectively, as shown in fig. 5-7.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.
Claims (2)
1. A line fault single-ended traveling wave identification and wave head calibration method based on waveform diagram sensitive angle detection is characterized in that: firstly, reading phase current fault traveling waves acquired by a wave recording device, intercepting fault waveforms before and after initial mutation under a proper time window, and making a waveform diagram; secondly, carrying out Radon transformation on the oscillogram within a limited angle range; and then successively searching local extremum for the conversion result, sequentially finding out the most sensitive direction of each wave head mutation, checking the detection effectiveness by using the characteristics of non-axisymmetry of the wave heads at two sides of the most sensitive mutation direction, repeatedly cycling until reaching the set detection upper limit, then obtaining the wave head corresponding moment through pixel-time coordinate conversion, determining the wave head accurate time in a refined interval, and finally obtaining the wave head arrival time difference required by single-end ranging.
2. The line fault single-ended traveling wave identification and wave head calibration method based on waveform diagram sensitive angle detection of claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step1: firstly, fault line selection and phase selection are carried out, the full length of a fault line and the outgoing line type information of an opposite-end bus are read, the relative polarity of subsequent wave head searching is determined, the traveling wave data of the fault phase current, which is the same with (a+b) ms duration, is intercepted, and is displayed in a waveform graph mode, and parameters are initialized;
step2: in a certain angle range [ theta ] min ,θ max ]In step length theta Δ Carrying out Radon transformation on the oscillogram to obtain a projection line integral result matrix R under different angles of the oscillogram;
step3: taking the minimum angle to the initial detection angle and the initial detection vertical distance to the maximum vertical distance as the ranges, intercepting the local segment search maximum value corresponding to the Radon transformation result matrix R to obtain the corresponding most sensitive angle theta seni ；
Step4: judging whether the variation trend of the line integral value in the symmetrical angle range of the two sides of the most sensitive angle is larger than a threshold epsilon;
if the threshold epsilon is greater than the threshold epsilon, entering Step5;
if the value is not greater than the threshold epsilon, when the search boundary is not reached, setting the corresponding line integral value in the update range to zero, returning to Step3, and continuing to search backwards;
if the search boundary is reached, stopping;
step5: judging whether the number of the identified wave heads meets the requirements of distance measurement and result checking, if so, entering Step6, if not, updating the searching range standard, and returning to Step3;
step6: and (3) solving the intersection point of the most sensitive angle characteristic straight line and the waveform image, determining the abscissa of the starting point of each wave head, converting the space pixel distance of the wave head into time difference according to the drawing condition, and completing the calibration of the wave head arrival time in a fine interval corresponding to the original recording data to obtain the wave head arrival time difference for single-ended traveling wave distance measurement.
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| CN117233536A (en) * | 2023-11-08 | 2023-12-15 | 深圳海辰储能科技有限公司 | Line fault detection method in household energy storage topology and related equipment |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117233536A (en) * | 2023-11-08 | 2023-12-15 | 深圳海辰储能科技有限公司 | Line fault detection method in household energy storage topology and related equipment |
| CN117233536B (en) * | 2023-11-08 | 2024-01-26 | 深圳海辰储能科技有限公司 | Line fault detection method in household energy storage topology and related equipment |
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