CN108039540B - Microwave signal on-off control method based on photoelectric detector and light-operated microwave switch - Google Patents
Microwave signal on-off control method based on photoelectric detector and light-operated microwave switch Download PDFInfo
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- CN108039540B CN108039540B CN201711257952.1A CN201711257952A CN108039540B CN 108039540 B CN108039540 B CN 108039540B CN 201711257952 A CN201711257952 A CN 201711257952A CN 108039540 B CN108039540 B CN 108039540B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a microwave signal on-off control method based on a photoelectric detector, wherein a photoelectric detector is connected in series in a low-frequency microwave signal path, and a resistor R connected with a load of a low-frequency microwave signal in parallel is connected behind the photoelectric detector1(ii) a Controlling the on-off of the low-frequency microwave signal path by controlling the light signal irradiated to the photoelectric detector: and when light irradiates, the low-frequency microwave signal path is conducted, and when no light irradiates, the low-frequency microwave signal path is disconnected. The invention also discloses a photo-controlled microwave switch based on the photoelectric detector. The invention realizes the optical conduction and the non-optical blocking of microwave signals by using the photoelectric detector, can obviously improve the working frequency and the switching speed of the microwave switch, and has simple structure and easy integration; the invention further realizes the on-off control of the high-frequency microwave signal by additionally arranging the inductor and the resistor which are connected with the photoelectric detector in parallel, and can realize the flexible adjustment of the working frequency band and the working bandwidth.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a microwave switch, in particular to a light-operated microwave switch, and belongs to the technical field of microwave photons.
Background
The microwave switch mainly functions to control the on-off of microwave signals or cut off different channels, is an important component of a microwave control circuit, and is widely applied to the aspects of electronic countermeasure, microwave measurement, communication, satellites, radars and the like. With the rapid development of microwave technology, the performance requirements for microwave switches are increasing day by day, and the performance indexes such as working frequency, working speed and working bandwidth are urgently needed to be improved. Conventional PIN diode switches and RF-MEMS switches (radio frequency micro electronic switches) are gradually unable to meet such requirements due to electronic bottleneck limitations.
Compared with the traditional microwave switch, the light-operated microwave switch has obvious advantages. Firstly, no electromagnetic interference exists between an optical signal for controlling the on-off of the light-operated microwave switch and a microwave signal transmitted in a link, so that the stability of the system can be improved; secondly, the response speed of the light-operated microwave switch is high and can be as low as ps magnitude, and the quick switching of the switch can be realized; meanwhile, the light-operated microwave switch also has the advantages of small volume, easy integration and the like.
An optically controlled microwave switch is a device based on the photoelectric effect and was first proposed by a.johnson et al in 1975. Due to its many advantages, it has attracted more and more attention of researchers and has been rapidly developed. At present, the most widely used is the Auston optical control microwave switch. The basic structure is as follows: a metal microstrip transmission line is manufactured on the surface of a medium substrate, a gap with a certain length is etched on the transmission line and used for blocking microwave signals, meanwhile, a high-resistance photosensitive semiconductor material with two ends plated with electrode films is placed in the gap, and the good connection between the electrodes and the microstrip transmission line is ensured. One end of the microstrip line is a microwave signal input end, and the other end of the microstrip line is a microwave signal output end. When no light is irradiated, the photosensitive semiconductor material presents a large resistance and can be approximately considered as an insulator, a microwave signal cannot pass through the light-operated microwave switch, and the switch is in an off state. When light is irradiated, the photosensitive semiconductor material generates a photoconductive effect, the conductivity of the photosensitive semiconductor material is increased sharply (in ps magnitude), the semiconductor material is equivalent to a conductor, a microwave signal can pass through the optically controlled microwave switch, and the switch is in a conducting state.
Although the application of the optical control microwave switch with the Auston structure is wide, the quantum efficiency is low when the switch is switched at a high speed, and the incident light power required in the on state is large, so that the optical control microwave switch is not suitable for a large-scale switch array. In order to solve these problems, photo-controlled microwave switches based on photo-detectors have been proposed in succession, which have the advantages of low excitation light power, suitability for high-speed switching, etc., but the operating Frequency band is low, and up to 2016, a method for realizing microwave switching by UTC-PD has been proposed in the text of "Frequency down-conversion using photonic sampling", but the switching mode thereof is light-blocking and non-light-conducting, and is opposite to the mode of a general switch, and there are many inconveniences in practical application.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a microwave signal on-off control method based on a photoelectric detector, wherein the photoelectric detector can be used for realizing optical conduction and non-optical blocking of a microwave signal path.
The invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme to solve the technical problems:
a microwave signal on-off control method based on photoelectric detector is characterized in that a photoelectric detector is connected in series in a low-frequency microwave signal path, and a resistor R connected in parallel with a load of a low-frequency microwave signal is connected behind the photoelectric detector1(ii) a Controlling the on-off of the low-frequency microwave signal path by controlling the light signal irradiated to the photoelectric detector: when light irradiates, the low-frequency microwave signal path is conducted, and when no light irradiates, the low-frequency microwave signal path is cut off; the resistor R1Determined according to the following formula:
in the formula, VOUTA low frequency microwave signal voltage that is output to a load of the microwave signal; vINIs a low-frequency microwave signal voltage input to the photodetector; r0A load resistor for low frequency microwave signals; zPDThe impedance of the photoelectric detector is expressed as follows:
wherein R isPDIs the resistance of the photodetector; cPDIs the junction capacitance of the photodetector; f is the frequency of the low-frequency microwave signal; i is an imaginary unit.
The scheme can realize the light conduction and the light blocking of the microwave signal path, but cannot be applied to high-frequency microwave signals, and in order to realize the on-off control of microwave signals with any frequency (including high frequency), the invention further provides the following technical scheme:
a microwave signal on-off control method based on photoelectric detector is characterized in that a parallel circuit is connected in series in a microwave signal path, and a resistor R connected in parallel with a load of a microwave signal is connected behind the parallel circuit1The parallel circuit is composed of an inductor L and a resistor R2The photoelectric detectors are connected in parallel after being connected in series; controlling the on-off of the microwave signal path by controlling the light signal irradiated to the photodetector: when light irradiates, the microwave signal path is conducted, and when no light irradiates, the microwave signal path is cut off; the resistance R1 is determined according to the following equation:
in the formula, VOUTA microwave signal voltage that is output to a load of the microwave signal; vINIs the microwave signal voltage input to the photodetector; r0A load resistor for microwave signals; z'PDThe impedance of the parallel circuit is expressed as:
wherein R isPDIs the resistance of the photodetector; cPDIs the junction capacitance of the photodetector; f is the frequency of the microwave signal; i is an imaginary unit.
Furthermore, on-off control of microwave signals with any frequency is realized by adjusting the inductor L.
Further, by adjusting the resistance R2And adjusting the bandwidth of the microwave signal.
The following technical scheme can be obtained according to the same invention concept:
a photo-controlled microwave switch based on photoelectric detector for low frequencyThe light-operated microwave switch comprises a photoelectric detector connected in series in the low-frequency microwave signal path, and a resistor R connected behind the photoelectric detector and connected in parallel with the load of the low-frequency microwave signal1(ii) a When light irradiates the photoelectric detector, the low-frequency microwave signal path is conducted, and when no light irradiates, the low-frequency microwave signal path is cut off; the resistor R1Determined according to the following formula:
in the formula, VOUTA low frequency microwave signal voltage that is output to a load of the microwave signal; vINIs a low-frequency microwave signal voltage input to the photodetector; r0A load resistor for low frequency microwave signals; zPDThe impedance of the photoelectric detector is expressed as follows:
wherein R isPDIs the resistance of the photodetector; cPDIs the junction capacitance of the photodetector; f is the frequency of the low-frequency microwave signal; i is an imaginary unit.
In addition, another photo-controlled microwave switch based on a photoelectric detector can be obtained, and comprises a parallel circuit connected in series in a microwave signal path and a resistor R connected in parallel with a load of a microwave signal after being connected in the parallel circuit1The parallel circuit is composed of an inductor L and a resistor R2The photoelectric detectors are connected in parallel after being connected in series; when light irradiates the photoelectric detector, the microwave signal path is conducted, and when no light irradiates, the microwave signal path is cut off; the resistor R1Determined according to the following formula:
in the formula, VOUTTo be transportedA microwave signal voltage to a load of the microwave signal; vINIs the microwave signal voltage input to the photodetector; r0A load resistor for microwave signals; z'PDThe impedance of the parallel circuit is expressed as:
wherein R isPDIs the resistance of the photodetector; cPDIs the junction capacitance of the photodetector; f is the frequency of the microwave signal; i is an imaginary unit.
Preferably, the inductor L is an adjustable inductor, and on-off control of the microwave signal with any frequency can be realized by adjusting the inductor L.
Preferably, the resistance R2The resistance can be adjusted by adjusting the resistance R2And adjusting the bandwidth of the microwave signal.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention uses the photoelectric detector to realize the optical conduction and the non-optical blocking of the microwave signal path, can obviously improve the working frequency and the switching speed of the microwave switch, and has simple structure and easy integration;
the invention further realizes the on-off control of microwave signals with any frequency (including high frequency) by additionally arranging the inductor and the resistor which are connected with the photoelectric detector in parallel, and realizes the flexible adjustment of the working frequency band and the working bandwidth by adjusting the inductor and the resistor.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an equivalent circuit of a preferred embodiment of the optically controlled microwave switch of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a simulation result of the on/off operation of the optical control microwave switch of the present invention without the parallel inductor and resistor;
FIG. 3 shows the simulation result of the on/off state of the optical control microwave switch according to the present invention when the inductor and the resistor are connected in parallel;
fig. 4 shows the actual on-off experimental result of the optically controlled microwave switch according to the present invention when the inductor and the resistor are connected in parallel.
Detailed Description
Aiming at the problems that the existing light-operated microwave switch based on the photoelectric detector has light blocking and no light conduction and is inconvenient to use, the invention realizes that the switch working mode of the light-operated microwave switch has light conduction and no light blocking by connecting a resistor which is connected with a load of a microwave signal in parallel behind the photoelectric detector. Specifically, the invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme:
the light-operated microwave switch based on the photoelectric detector is used for controlling the on-off of a low-frequency microwave signal path and comprises the photoelectric detector connected in series in the low-frequency microwave signal path and a resistor R connected behind the photoelectric detector and connected with a load of the low-frequency microwave signal in parallel1(ii) a When light irradiates the photoelectric detector, the low-frequency microwave signal path is conducted, and when no light irradiates, the low-frequency microwave signal path is cut off; the resistor R1Determined according to the following formula:
in the formula, VOUTA low frequency microwave signal voltage that is output to a load of the microwave signal; vINIs a low-frequency microwave signal voltage input to the photodetector; r0A load resistor for low frequency microwave signals; zPDThe impedance of the photoelectric detector is expressed as follows:
wherein R isPDIs the resistance of the photodetector; cPDIs the junction capacitance of the photodetector; f is the frequency of the low-frequency microwave signal; i is an imaginary unit.
The scheme can realize the light conduction and the light blockage of the microwave signal path, but cannot be applied to high-frequency microwave signals, and in order to realize the on-off control of microwave signals with any frequency including high frequency, the invention further provides the following technical scheme:
the light-operated microwave switch comprises a parallel circuit connected in series in a microwave signal path and a resistor R connected in parallel with a load of a microwave signal after the parallel circuit1The parallel circuit is composed of an inductor L and a resistor R2The photoelectric detectors are connected in parallel after being connected in series; when light irradiates the photoelectric detector, the microwave signal path is conducted, and when no light irradiates, the microwave signal path is cut off; the resistor R1Determined according to the following formula:
in the formula, VOUTA microwave signal voltage that is output to a load of the microwave signal; vINIs the microwave signal voltage input to the photodetector; r0A load resistor for microwave signals; z'PDThe impedance of the parallel circuit is expressed as:
wherein R isPDIs the resistance of the photodetector; cPDIs the junction capacitance of the photodetector; f is the frequency of the microwave signal; i is an imaginary unit.
Fig. 1 shows an equivalent circuit of a preferred embodiment of the optically controlled microwave switch of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the optically controlled microwave switch includes a photodetector and a matching circuit. For a photodetector, when no light pulse enters the photodetector, the photodetector has a wider depletion layer, which is equivalent to a smaller capacitance in the loop; when light pulse enters the photoelectric detector, the photoelectric detector is excited, and the photoproduction current causes the voltage at two ends of the load of the photoelectric detector to be reduced, so that the bias voltage of the photoelectric detector is reduced, the width of a depletion layer of the photoelectric detector is reduced at the moment, the shunt resistance of the depletion layer is reduced, the junction capacitance is increased, and the photoelectric detector is equivalent to a resistor and a capacitor which are connected in parallel in a loopAnd (4) a way. The matching circuit in this embodiment is shown in fig. 1, and includes an inductor L and a resistor R connected in parallel with the photodetector2And a resistor R connected in parallel with the load of the microwave signal1. Wherein, the resistance R1The function of the light-operated microwave switch is to change the working mode of the light-operated microwave switch, namely, the light blocking and the non-light conduction are changed into the light conduction and the non-light blocking, so that the application is more zero-activity. It is assumed that the matching circuit provided for the photodetector according to the invention comprises only the load R connected downstream of the photodetector0Parallel resistor R1At this time, the relation between the input and the output of the optically controlled microwave switch is as follows:
in the formula, R1Resistance behind the photodetector, R0Is the load impedance (the output impedance is also R)0)，ZPDThe impedance of the photoelectric detector is expressed as follows:
wherein R isPDThe resistance of the photoelectric detector is very small when light exists, and is larger because the depletion layer of the photoelectric detector is wider when no light exists; cPDThe capacitance value of the junction capacitor of the photoelectric detector is in the pf level, and f is the frequency of an input signal; i is an imaginary unit.
At this time, when light is incident on the photodetector, the optically controlled microwave switch is turned on (regardless of the frequency of the microwave signal), and when no light is present, the low-frequency signal is blocked and the high-frequency signal is turned on. As can be seen from fig. 2, the optically controlled microwave switch can only operate in the low frequency microwave signal path.
In order to realize the applicability to high-frequency signals, as shown in fig. 1, the invention further adds an inductor L and a resistor R which are connected with the photoelectric detector in parallel in the matching circuit2. At this time, the relation between the input and the output of the optically controlled microwave switch is as follows:
in the formula, VOUTA microwave signal voltage that is output to a load of the microwave signal; vINIs the microwave signal voltage input to the photodetector; r0A load resistor for microwave signals; z'PDIs an inductance L1Resistance R2And the impedance of the parallel circuit formed by the photoelectric detectors, and the expression is as follows:
wherein R isPDIs the resistance of the photodetector; cPDIs the junction capacitance of the photodetector; f is the frequency of the microwave signal; i is an imaginary unit.
At this time, when no light pulse enters the photoelectric detector, the microwave signal with a specific frequency can be blocked by tuning the value of the inductor L; when light pulse enters the photoelectric detector, microwave signals with any frequency can be transmitted through the light-operated microwave switch; at the same time, by adjusting the resistance R2The bandwidth of the blocking frequency band can be adjusted. Therefore, it is preferable to use an adjustable inductor and an adjustable resistor as the inductor L and the resistor R2。
In order to verify the effect of the technical scheme of the invention, a simulation experiment and an actual measurement experiment are carried out. The response wavelength of a photoelectric detector utilized in the simulation experiment is 1550nm, the photoelectric detector works under low bias voltage, and C is realized when no light pulse is inputPD0.04pF, R when light pulse is inputPD＝1.3Ω，CPDThe variation is small.
First, the resistance R is added only after the photodetector1And is grounded, R is selected0，R1Have a value of 50 Ω each, then
ZPDThe impedance of the photoelectric detector is expressed as follows:
wherein R isPDPhoto detector resistance, R in the presence of lightPDWhen no light is emitted, the resistance value of the resistor is larger because the depletion layer of the photoelectric detector is wider; cPDIs junction capacitance of photodetector, and has capacitance value of CPDAt 0.04pF, the illumination has little effect on it, and f is the frequency of the input signal. In this case, as shown in fig. 2, the light-operated microwave switch is turned on when light is present, and the low-frequency signal is blocked and the high-frequency signal is turned on when no light is present.
Adding an inductor L and a resistor R which are connected with the photoelectric detector in parallel2Then, in the absence of light, the impedance of the parallel circuit:
impedance of the parallel circuit when light is present:
the on-off control of specific frequency signals can be realized by tuning L, and the on-off control of specific frequency signals can be realized by tuning R2The bandwidth of the blocker band may be adjusted. When L is 1.2nH, R2When 2 Ω, the simulation results are shown in fig. 3.
Fig. 4 shows the actual on-off experimental result of the optical control microwave switch of the present invention when the inductor and the resistor are connected in parallel, and it can be seen from the figure that the optical control microwave switch of the present invention can realize the optical conduction and the non-optical blocking of the microwave signal by tuning the inductor and the resistor, the center frequency is 0.3GHz, the on-off ratio is about 11dB, and the bandwidth is 1.5 GHz.
Claims (8)
1. A microwave signal on-off control method based on a photoelectric detector is characterized in that a photoelectric detector is connected in series in a low-frequency microwave signal path, and a resistor R connected with a load of a low-frequency microwave signal in parallel is connected behind the photoelectric detector1(ii) a Controlling the on-off of the low-frequency microwave signal path by controlling the light signal irradiated to the photoelectric detector: with illuminationWhen the microwave signal path is emitted, the low-frequency microwave signal path is conducted, and when no light is irradiated, the low-frequency microwave signal path is cut off; the resistor R1Determined according to the following formula:
in the formula, VOUTA low frequency microwave signal voltage that is output to a load of the microwave signal; vINIs a low-frequency microwave signal voltage input to the photodetector; r0A load resistor for low frequency microwave signals; zPDThe impedance of the photoelectric detector is expressed as follows:
wherein R isPDIs the resistance of the photodetector; cPDIs the junction capacitance of the photodetector; f is the frequency of the low-frequency microwave signal, and i is an imaginary unit.
2. A microwave signal on-off control method based on photoelectric detector is characterized in that a parallel circuit is connected in series in a microwave signal path, and a resistor R connected in parallel with a load of a microwave signal is connected behind the parallel circuit1The parallel circuit is composed of an inductor L and a resistor R2The photoelectric detectors are connected in parallel after being connected in series; controlling the on-off of the microwave signal path by controlling the light signal irradiated to the photodetector: when light irradiates, the microwave signal path is conducted, and when no light irradiates, the microwave signal path is cut off; the resistance R1 is determined according to the following equation:
in the formula, VOUTA microwave signal voltage that is output to a load of the microwave signal; vINIs the microwave signal voltage input to the photodetector; r0Is a microwave signalLoad resistance of sign; z'PDThe impedance of the parallel circuit is expressed as:
wherein R isPDIs the resistance of the photodetector; cPDIs the junction capacitance of the photodetector; f is the frequency of the microwave signal; i is an imaginary unit.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the on-off control of the microwave signal of any frequency is achieved by adjusting the inductance L.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the resistance R is adjusted by adjusting the resistance2And adjusting the bandwidth of the microwave signal.
5. The light-operated microwave switch based on the photoelectric detector is characterized by being used for controlling the on-off of a low-frequency microwave signal path, and comprising the photoelectric detector connected in series in the low-frequency microwave signal path and a resistor R connected behind the photoelectric detector and connected with a load of a low-frequency microwave signal in parallel1(ii) a When light irradiates the photoelectric detector, the low-frequency microwave signal path is conducted, and when no light irradiates, the low-frequency microwave signal path is cut off; the resistor R1Determined according to the following formula:
in the formula, VOUTA low frequency microwave signal voltage that is output to a load of the microwave signal; vINIs a low-frequency microwave signal voltage input to the photodetector; r0A load resistor for low frequency microwave signals; zPDThe impedance of the photoelectric detector is expressed as follows:
wherein R isPDIs the resistance of the photodetector; cPDIs the junction capacitance of the photodetector; f is the frequency of the low-frequency microwave signal, and i is an imaginary unit.
6. The light-operated microwave switch based on the photoelectric detector is characterized by comprising a parallel circuit connected in series in a microwave signal path and a resistor R connected in parallel with a load of a microwave signal after being connected with the parallel circuit1The parallel circuit is composed of an inductor L and a resistor R2The photoelectric detectors are connected in parallel after being connected in series; when light irradiates the photoelectric detector, the microwave signal path is conducted, and when no light irradiates, the microwave signal path is cut off; the resistor R1Determined according to the following formula:
in the formula, VOUTA microwave signal voltage that is output to a load of the microwave signal; vINIs the microwave signal voltage input to the photodetector; r0A load resistor for microwave signals; z'PDThe impedance of the parallel circuit is expressed as:
wherein R isPDIs the resistance of the photodetector; cPDIs the junction capacitance of the photodetector; f is the frequency of the microwave signal; i is an imaginary unit.
7. The optically controlled microwave switch according to claim 6, wherein the inductor L is an adjustable inductor, and is configured to adjust the inductor L to control the on/off of the microwave signal of any frequency.
8. The optically controlled microwave switch of claim 6 wherein the resistor R is a resistor R2For adjusting the resistance R2And adjusting the bandwidth of the microwave signal.
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| CN111355477A (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2020-06-30 | 天津师范大学 | (MV) [ SbBr5]Application of material in light-operated switch |
| CN112821086A (en) * | 2021-02-05 | 2021-05-18 | 南京微毫科技有限公司 | Light-operated reconfigurable microwave absorbing system and light-operated reconfigurable microwave absorbing method thereof |
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| US5252820A (en) * | 1991-03-11 | 1993-10-12 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Photoelectric conversion circuit having a tuning circuit and changeover switcher |
| EP1672802A1 (en) * | 2004-12-15 | 2006-06-21 | Thales | High frequency sampling device |
| CN103329354A (en) * | 2011-01-25 | 2013-09-25 | 索尼公司 | Optically controlled microwave antenna |
| US9431564B2 (en) * | 2008-07-29 | 2016-08-30 | Thales Holding Uk Plc | Photoconductive switch |
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| US5252820A (en) * | 1991-03-11 | 1993-10-12 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Photoelectric conversion circuit having a tuning circuit and changeover switcher |
| EP1672802A1 (en) * | 2004-12-15 | 2006-06-21 | Thales | High frequency sampling device |
| US9431564B2 (en) * | 2008-07-29 | 2016-08-30 | Thales Holding Uk Plc | Photoconductive switch |
| CN103329354A (en) * | 2011-01-25 | 2013-09-25 | 索尼公司 | Optically controlled microwave antenna |
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