CN107967801A - A kind of energy measurement data online acquisition and monitoring method and system - Google Patents
A kind of energy measurement data online acquisition and monitoring method and system Download PDFInfo
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- CN107967801A CN107967801A CN201711426451.1A CN201711426451A CN107967801A CN 107967801 A CN107967801 A CN 107967801A CN 201711426451 A CN201711426451 A CN 201711426451A CN 107967801 A CN107967801 A CN 107967801A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
- G08C19/00—Electric signal transmission systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
- G08C17/00—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link
- G08C17/02—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link using a radio link
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
- G08C25/00—Arrangements for preventing or correcting errors; Monitoring arrangements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/14—Relay systems
- H04B7/15—Active relay systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
- H04L5/14—Two-way operation using the same type of signal, i.e. duplex
- H04L5/16—Half-duplex systems; Simplex/duplex switching; Transmission of break signals non-automatically inverting the direction of transmission
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of energy measurement data online acquisition method and monitoring system, it is made of two large divisions, a part is the hardware platform centered on MCU control module；Another part is administrative center's platform centered on main website, administrative center's platform can carry out remote management by GPRS module to collector, hardware platform can carry out data acquisition to intelligent meter by 485 modes and carrier system and report to administrative center, it is characterized in that, hardware platform includes embedded controller circuit, 485 telecommunication circuits of RS, GPRS telecommunication circuits, power carrier communication circuit, clock circuit, display circuit, power circuit, input through keyboard circuit, JTAG debugging circuit and storage circuit；Collector employs two kinds of communication modes altogether, two kinds of communication modes all use serial ports into row data communication, 485 telecommunication circuits of RS modulate signals into the transmission that symmetrical form carries out signal in a manner of balance transmission, then received in a differential manner, using hypotactic half duplex mode of communication.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to automation instrument technology field, it is related to multi-energy data collection, which is especially suitable for telecommunications
Breath carries out data acquisition, analysis and control.
Background technology
For many countries of recent domestic all in the R＆D work of Efforts To Develop power information collector, its development is it
Rapidly.In China, realizing the method for electrical energy data acquiring and data management has many kinds, existing acquisition scheme and management mode
All it is the interim product being born under special scenes, it is complicated and changeable due to site environment in actual moving process, lead to
Letter success rate, accuracy rate, real-time all cannot reliably ensure that the scope of application also has certain limitation.Therefore realization convenience,
Efficiently, intelligence, power information collector in real time, stable have positive meaning.
Also there is the patent application for solving problems in the prior art, such as：
CN201210502090.5《A kind of ONU equipment with acquisition function》, including collection MCU module, memory,
RS-485 interfaces, ethernet switching module and ONU module chips, collection MCU module respectively with memory, RS-485 interfaces, with
Too net Switching Module connects, and ethernet switching module is connected with ONU module chips, and RS-485 interfaces are communicated with using DL/T645
The electric energy meter connection of stipulations.This equipment can directly carry out power information collection, and use EPON technologies in LCN local communications network
Realize optic communication.High bandwidth, high reliability and the application of networking of EPON networks will cause power information acquisition system
Physical network has high capacity, and can easily branch out scope and content, there is provided value-added service.
CN201110376408.5《A kind of more communication technology type of method for electric power information acquisition control》, first opened with monitoring system
It is dynamic to establish power information collection network node archives, the physics end by director data by communication interface configuration distributing network node
Slogan and address, select the communication network based on TCP/IP communication agreement of Ethernet, hardware module plug and play；Monitoring system
The instruction issued judges the physical port number of network node through information gathering control unit, automatically configures into communication pattern, is
After system calls corresponding constructing communication network agreement, system completes the communication networking of power information collection, realizes based on more communications
Technical form power information acquisition control；Its hardware composition is rational in infrastructure, and principle is reliable, and software configuration science, data acquisition is accurate,
It is high to communicate success rate, wide coverage, can effectively realize the control to power system information collection.
CN201210560527.0《A kind of table address uploads the gathering method of meter reading terminal automatically》, start kilowatt meter reading-out system,
Establish power information collection electric energy meter archives；Transmitting order to lower levels collects all electric energy meter mailing addresses to meter reading terminal；Meter reading terminal
Receive and issue broadcasting command to RS485 electric energy meters all in RS485 buses after order and copy and accept electric energy meter mailing address；RS485
Electric energy meter receives trigger after broadcasting command, electric energy meter successively by different delay times by RS485 bus communications to copying
Meter terminal reports respective mailing address automatically；Meter reading terminal will be collected after receiving the mailing address of all uploads and being preserved
Electric energy meter mailing address report kilowatt meter reading-out system automatically, realize table address collect；Its technical process is simple, and meter reading efficiency is high, section
Human-saving, data are reliable, easy to engineering construction commissioning staff's system debug.
CN201710254661.0《A kind of power information collection and repeater system and equipment based on Internet of Things》, the system
Including：Data acquisition module, including electric energy acquisition chip, for gathering the power information of user；Data processing module, including master
Chip, for handling the power information of the electric energy acquisition chip transmission；Data forwarding module, for being incited somebody to action by Wi-Fi
The power information is forwarded to Cloud Server and is forwarded to mobile terminal by the Cloud Server and shows.Present invention collection electric power is adopted
Collection, processing, forwards in one, with reference to Cloud Server and mobile terminal, forms a complete Internet of Things framework, obtains data not
Intelligent electric meter is only relied only on, for comprehensive household electricity situation can be integrated by acquisition for mobile terminal, effectively avoids electric energy
Waste, lift power resource utilization ratio, respond the call of the energy-saving and emission-reduction low-carbon life of country.
The content of the invention
In view of the prior art goes back Shortcomings in communication stability and line-hit etc., the present invention is asked for this
Topic devises power information collector, and the power information collector of design largely solves communication stability and circuit
Interference problem, very big extension, the electric power letter of design have been obtained by the scope of application of equipment integrating multiple communication modes system
Breath collector has apparent market application value.It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of energy measurement data online acquisition and prison
Control method and system.
A kind of energy measurement data online acquisition and monitoring system, are made of, a part is with MCU two large divisions
Hardware platform centered on (Microcontroller Unit) control module；Another part is in the management centered on main website
Heart platform, administrative center's platform can carry out collector by GPRS module remote management, hardware platform can by 485 modes and
Carrier system carries out intelligent meter data acquisition and reports to administrative center, hardware platform include embedded controller circuit,
RS-485 telecommunication circuits, GPRS telecommunication circuits, power carrier communication circuit, clock circuit, display circuit, power circuit, keyboard
Input circuit, JTAG (Joint Test Action Group) debug circuits and storage circuit；Collector employs two kinds and leads to altogether
Letter mode, two kinds of communication modes all modulate signals into symmetrical shape using serial ports into row data communication, RS-485 telecommunication circuits
Formula carries out the transmission of signal in a manner of balance transmission, is then received in a differential manner, using hypotactic half pair
Work communication pattern；Power carrier communication circuit is the carrier communication mode using power line as transmission medium.
Further, GPRS telecommunication circuits are arranged to the module of dismounting, and clock circuit uses clock chip DS3231, passes through
I2C buses are connected with microcontroller；By realizing demand of the system to memory capacity to the extension of FLASH, FLASH leads to system
SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) bus is crossed with microcontroller to be connected；Power circuit is using power supply conversion isolation
Set；Exterior FLASH memory is selected in main control in storage circuit；
Further, the communication between collector and intelligent meter have also been devised with electric power in addition to using RS-485 modes
Line is the carrier communication mode of transmission medium, the carrier communication carried out data transmission using existing low-voltage power line, carrier circuit
By six carrier chip, signal amplification circuit, filter circuit, termination power, zero cross detection circuit, power supply and current-limiting circuit parts
Composition.
Further, what is established between administrative center's platform and collector is the communication of interrogation reply system, with administrative center's platform
For main website, collector is slave station, and collector, which receives, sends instructions and make corresponding operating under main website, collector can be actively into management
Heart platform uploads data；Half-duplex operation mode is used between ammeter and collector, collector is main website, and ammeter is slave station, is adopted
Storage by ammeter send the commands to control communication link foundation and releasing；Ammeter and collector all have unique communication
Address.In the program design that communicates, when the serial ports of collector receives the order that administrative center issues, GPRS serial ports interrupts
Receiving flag bit will be set.
Further, in the main program that communicates, when detecting that GPRS serial ports interruption reception flag bit is effective, will call logical
Letter management program realizes the response that data are issued to administrative center；
First determine whether the data that main website issues are properly received, returned if reception failure, if success logarithm
Judge according to progress protocol analysis and the type to data；The type of data is broadly divided into two classes, and one kind is to collector
Relevant operation instructs, and one kind is the operational order to ammeter；If the instruction that main website issues is for collector, according to finger
Make information make relevant operation and return to related data；If instruction is that ammeter is operated, it must just carry out agreement and turn
Change, be converted into the downlink communication agreement that ammeter can identify, then call local communication program, command adapted thereto letter is sent to ammeter
Breath, the data that ammeter returns must carry out frame assembling according to uplink communication agreement before main website is sent to data.
Further, initialized first after system electrification, configure correlated variables, circularly monitoring task can be entered afterwards,
Circularly monitoring task is updated related by the monitoring to serial ports interrupt signal and the contrast to system time to meter reading time
The state of flag bit；Meet that collection requires when detecting, by corresponding mark position one, instruction is currently needed for the data class of collection
Type；Multi-task state collecting thread will excite the operation of corresponding meter reading procedure when detecting that each state flag bit is effective；
Multi-task state collecting thread can carry out repeating query according to the parameter set to every meter reading task, catch the change of correlation behavior amount
Change, when detecting that corresponding flag bit is in effective status, corresponding meter reading subprogram will be started.
Further, meter reading subprogram is that the data frame that will be assembled is returned by Serial Port Transmission to intelligent electric meter, reception ammeter
The information returned, judges whether to need benefit to copy and make a record meter reading situation according to the information that ammeter returns；In order to realize as far as possible
100% reliably makes a copy of, each meter reading subprogram devises benefit and copies mechanism, will have chance weight twice after first time meter reading failure
Copy, still fail if copied again, abandon meter reading, and by meter reading failure flags position position, record meter reading failure time and
Ammeter configuration information.
Further, after meter reading procedure is called, 485 modules/carrier module will be switched to normal work mould from sleep mode
Formula, then calls data processing module to carry out frame assembling, the number assembled according to DL/T645-2007 agreements to the order issued
Electric energy meter is sent to by serial ports according to frame；Time-out does not receive data or the data check received not by then using benefit
Mechanism is copied, the data juxtaposition meter reading failure flags position that on the contrary then preservation is made a copy of is zero；Timing is copied and accepted under pattern, after the completion of meter reading
Protocol conversion should be carried out to data first, call telecommunication program that the data made a copy of are uploaded to administrative center afterwards；Such as
Fruit is transparent transmission task, then need not carry out protocol analysis to data, but directly forwards the data to administrative center, then by managing
Central station docks received data and carries out dual parsing.
Further, relaying automatic data logging is also add in carrier communication mode, if opening relaying automatic meter-reading,
System can carry out automatic relay search to making a copy of the electric energy meter all to fail three times；Automatic relay search includes infinite search and half certainly
Dynamic search two ways, infinite search is by the poll to each carrier power meter, and the method using permutation and combination will be possible to
Relay route all copy and accept once, untill correct copy and accept；Semi-automatic relaying is then to set relaying road according to situation is copied and accepted
Footpath, can so exclude some ineligible relay routes, improve the accuracy of relay route search.
Further, system communication protocol is divided into downlink communication agreement and uplink communication agreement；
Downlink communication agreement uses DT/L 645-2007 consensus standards, includes in the data frame format of 645 stipulations per frame
Begin symbol, tributary address information, control code, data length, user data information, check code and end mark.Wherein low the 5 of control code
Position is function code, has reacted the attribute that collector issues action command, including the read-write to ammeter data, address, traffic rate,
Clearing to ammeter data, event, maximum demand, and to ammeter data when freezing and broadcasting school；
Collector carries out data protocol analysis and stores, in the resolving to data packet after ammeter data is received
In, in the event of mistake, then by meter reading failure flags position 1, represent meter reading failure；
Uplink communication agreement uses the Q/GDW376.1-2009 that national grid is formulated, in the data frame format of 376.1 agreements
One frame data include four parts：Header text, user data area, frame check and and end mark；Length L is made of two bytes,
Minimum two D1, D0 are protocol-identifier position, this agreement is represented with 1 and 0 respectively, and the remaining 14 D2~D15 of length L are used for anti-
Reflect the length of user data, using BIN coding modes, be user data area total amount of byte and；Frame check and be data user
The eight-bit group arithmetic sum of area's whole byte；The function code of link user data Layer is made of eight-digit binary number code, different groups
Conjunction represents different service functions respectively, including confirms/deny message, reset command, authentication, LI(link interface) detection, ginseng
Number setting, parameter query, control command, request of data, file transmission and data forwarding；Wherein request data type is broadly divided into
3 classes：Ask 1 class data i.e. real time data, request 2 class data i.e. historical data, request 3 class data i.e. event data, this three classes
Data according to the difference of Data Identification enumerate collection in need energy information；Since the limitation of message length cannot be one
The data frame transferred in frame is segmented into multiframe transmission, and frame sequence domain SEQ has then reflected the change of transmission sequence between each frame
Change rule, take a byte；Data Identification uses binary coding table by DA1, DA2, DT1, tetra- byte compositions of DT2, DA2
Show 255 information point groups, DA1 represents corresponding 1~8 information point of each information point group, collectively forms 8*255 information point
Mark.
The present invention can gather, store, monitor and analyze the automation control system of various energy measurement datas in real time, main
To be made of three intelligent meter, collector, administrative center parts.Intelligent electric meter mainly realizes the classification to energy data information
Metering, storage and display, have information exchange function, are connected with collector, energy data is transferred to collector and is adopted
Storage monitoring in real time and control；Collector is the core apparatus of energy metering data acquisition system, is by establishing communication channel
The energy data collected is uploaded into center for information management, and receives the instruction that administrative center issues, is realized to collector sheet
The control of body and electric energy meter；Center for information management is classified as the data that the management equipment of whole system is responsible for uploading collector
Collect, generate data and curves, providing effective data for energy conservation program supports.
Central inventive technology of the present invention is embodied in：
1 present invention carries out data acquisition using two kinds of communication modes of RS485 and power carrier.Most domestic intelligent electric meter
Communicated using RS85 modes and power carrier, the present invention can be applicable in and both compatible communication modes so that the system
It can be used in most intelligent electric meter environment.
2 present invention are uploaded using GPRS into row data communication and order.The present invention consider remote districts can not use with
Too net, therefore GPRS communicators have been added in systems, enable a system to be applicable in any environment.
3 administrative centers of the present invention have remote control, management and detection function.The present invention considers maintenance and copy reading meter
Cost, has added network management center so that system being capable of a one by one district management with network, remote control and inspection in office
Collector is surveyed, to reduce the maintenance of collector and the cost of artificial copy reading data.
4 present invention have abundant human-computer interaction interface.
5 compatible power communication consensus standards.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is energy measurement data on-line acquisition system overall schematic of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is collector hardware plan block diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is present invention communication main program flow chart；
Fig. 4 is the basic procedure of multi-task state collection of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is meter reading mission flow diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is carrier-current relaying meter reading flow chart of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is GPRS communication tasks flow of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is 645 protocol frame formats of the invention；
Fig. 9 is 645 protocol analysis flow charts of the invention；
Figure 10 is 376.1 protocol frames of the invention.
Embodiment
By specific examples below, the invention will be further described, but the embodiment be merely to illustrate the present invention and
It is not the limitation present invention.
Embodiment 1
Such as Fig. 1, a kind of energy measurement data online acquisition and monitoring method and system, mainly by intelligent meter, collector,
Administrative center's three parts composition, its function mainly include：Data are copied and accepted, data transfer, data storage with cleaning, automatic correcting time,
Parameter query and setting, logout, safeguard protection.
1st, data are copied and accepted：Copying and accepting for data mainly includes three kinds of modes：Copy and accept, periodically copy and accept in real time, mending and copy automatically.In real time
The requirement for requiring data collector to answer administrative center is copied and accepted, status information, the phase for specifying collection point are read in given time
Close data and time parameter.Timing copies and accepts the parameter for referring to set according to administrative center and carries out cycle automatic transcription, works as meter reading
After time and meter reading cycle determine, system can carry out Various types of data to specified electric energy meter automatically when the meter reading moment arrives
Copy and accept, it is automatic after copying and accepting successfully to calculate the next meter reading time, into next meter reading task.Automatic benefit, which is copied, requires data collector energy
Automatically carry out benefit to the data for copying and accepting failure to copy, mending the result copied should report to administrative center in time.
2nd, data transfer：The data received need to be accurate, and communication need to possess good stability and reliability, equipment
Between communication should meet the requirements of related stipulations, the stipulations storehouse of power information collector should may be updated to support more associations
View.
3rd, logout：Power information collector should possess event recording function, can classification storage items event information,
The main record for including collector parameter modification, the record of data acquisition failure, electric energy meter abnormality record, the overproof note of clock
Record etc., is usually divided into alarm event and the common event by event.In the event of event alarm, power information collector should be able to be actively
Administrative center is reported to, alarm event mainly is walked to stop including ammeter, traffic overload, clock are abnormal, electric energy meter flies away.Report
When content includes abnormal electric energy table address, Exception Type, time, anomalous event occur electric energy meter instant data (three-phase voltage,
Three-phase current, active power, reactive power)；When acquisition terminal can not active reporting event when, administrative center can be waited next time
Access position ACD sets will be required during access in the reply data for issue administrative center, represent that terminal has important thing to wait and visits
Ask.Electric power acquisition terminal should can record at least 500 events occurred in the recent period.
4th, parameter setting and inquiry：Administrative center can carry out remotely or by human-computer interaction interface to the parameter of acquisition terminal
Set or inquire about, it is main to include to acquisition scheme (including collection period, meter reading time, gathered data item etc.), meter archives (bag
Include meter address, collection point numbering, communication protocol, acquisition scheme, baud rate etc.), communication channel (including communication protocol, IP
Location, communication mode, heart beat cycle etc.) setting and inquiry.In addition password can also be reset, to disk size into
Row inquiry.Therefore system needs preferable man-machine interactive system, to facilitate staff to check by human-computer interaction interface and
The parameters of modification system, the operation of real-time monitoring system and order implementation status.
5th, during system school：The record of data-frozen, the record of alarm event and other information is required for whole system to protect
Hold the synchronization of clock information.Therefore system be when should support the long-range school of administrative center, and administrative center is instructed when sending school phase of standing firm,
Power information acquisition terminal belonging to it is calibrated, power information acquisition terminal again by down channel to intelligent electric meter into
During row school, during school the time can arbitrarily be set by back-stage management center, pair when after time difference of clock should be not more than ± 1s.
6th, safeguard protection：In order to ensure the safety of data, either local operation or remote operation, should all possess password
Defencive function, only inputs correct password, and data collecting system could be controlled accordingly, so as to prevent from illegally grasping
Make；The data of upload need to be tackled and are encrypted according to Encryption Algorithm.
7th, data storage and cleaning：Data collection station transfers data to administrative center by channel the regular hour
Interval, transmits the loss and mistake that data may occur, if data collection station can be to each at once after copying and accepting data
Item data carries out classification storage, is uploaded when administrative center needs, then by these data, then can reduce the general of loss of data
Rate, improves the accuracy of data.Specifically need the data type that stores as shown in table 1.Data collection station is except needing to store
Outside energy data, the information such as acquisition terminal and intelligent meter operating status, relevant configuration should also be stored.In order to improve number
According to accuracy, the storage of dynamic data should all take time identifier.The capacity of data collection station storage system should be able to meet
Storage demand to above-mentioned data, each item data can be in corresponding period memory storages according to the difference of type.Even in power down
In the case of, the parameters of acquisition terminal should also preserve in real time after changing.The data of data collection station storage take
After disk regulation space, data can be cleared up, be automatically deleted partial data, deleted data in chronological sequence into
OK.
Table 1 stores data type
Tab1 Data memory type
System hardware is as shown in Fig. 2, including embedded controller circuit, RS-485 telecommunication circuits, GPRS telecommunication circuits, electricity
Power carrier communication circuit, clock circuit, display circuit, power circuit, input through keyboard circuit, JTAG debugging circuit and storage electricity
Road.
Using embedded controller circuit as core, RS485 and carrier module form data collecting system, to intelligent electric meter into
Row data acquisition；Clock, button and display circuit composition man-machine interactive system, user can be realized by keyboard operation collector
The function that user thinks；Jtag circuit is used for system debug；Storage circuit is used to store user information and systematic parameter.
RS-485 telecommunication circuits, GPRS telecommunication circuits, power carrier communication circuit connect MCU by serial ports；During DS3231
Clock circuit is connected by I2C connection MCU, key circuit by the universal I/O port of MCU, and jtag circuit, FLASH storage circuits pass through
Spi bus is connected with MCU, and liquid crystal circuit connects MCU by bus expansion interface.
Harvester employs two kinds of communication modes altogether, and for adapting to the demand of varying environment, two kinds of communication modes are all adopted
With serial ports into row data communication, wherein three road RS-485 telecommunication circuits are devised, for meeting system to collection ammeter quantity
It is required that.In order to improve the communication compatibility of system, the independent making sheet of GPRS telecommunication circuits, is designed to the mould of a separate removable
Block, it is convenient to be replaced with other communication modules.In order to which more intuitively the information of collector and intelligent electric meter is inquired about and set
Put, system selects the liquid crystal display of 320*240 sizes to show the various information of collector, realizes that information inputs with 6 key boards.
Clock circuit uses the high accuracy of DALLAS companies, Low-cost clock chip DS3231, passes through I2C buses and microcontroller phase
Even.For system by realizing demand of the system to memory capacity to the extension of FLASH, Flash passes through spi bus and microcontroller
It is connected.
System is to data intelligent, quick, collection and transmission in real time demand, and the spy such as capable and experienced immunity of working environment
Point, the present invention use core processor of the embedded microcontroller as system.On the one hand can improve system integrated level and
Portability, another aspect embedded microcontroller has been internally integrated various powerful functions and peripheral hardware, suitable for complicated and changeable
The control of system.To meet the needs of system, strengthen cake core using the STM32F103ZET6 of ST companies.
GPRS telecommunication circuits are the major ways that power information collector realizes uplink communication, and system is connect by GPRS module
Enter Internet, then the every data message and logout of reading are transferred to administrative center, administrative center passes through same
Collector is issued a command under data channel, so as to fulfill the two-way communication between collector and administrative center.
In order to adapt to different application environments, in the design of invention, communication between collector and intelligent meter except
Outside using RS-485 modes, the carrier communication mode using power line as transmission medium is have also been devised, so is being inconvenient to be laid with newly
Under the application environment of circuit, the carrier communication carried out data transmission using existing low-voltage power line just seems most important, so
Not only cost has been saved, but also the operation being convenient for people to.The carrier circuit of the system design is by carrier chip, signal amplification circuit, filter
Six wave circuit, termination power, zero cross detection circuit, power supply and current-limiting circuit parts form.
Variability and complexity in view of carrier communication environment, the power information collector that the present invention designs should also possess
Other more stable downlink communication modes.RS-485 bus communications modulate signals into symmetrical form with the side of balance transmission
Formula carries out the transmission of signal, is then received in a differential manner, is so capable of the interference of more preferable suppression common mode signal, its
Using hypotactic half duplex mode of communication, the energy multiple load equipments of carry, can be good at meeting the system for communication
Demand.
The system power module obtains modules using the method for power supply conversion isolation with different power-switching circuits
Required independently-powered voltage, greatly avoids interfering with each other between module.
In order to real-time and easily be inquired about data and set, system need to possess human-computer interaction function, electric power letter
Ceasing collector needs content to be shown more, display picture is also needed in addition to the display of word, therefore select 320*240 points
Man-machine interface of the 2.8 cun of liquid crystal displays of resolution as power information collector.
The memory requirement of the data such as memory module freezes day for satisfaction, the moon freezes, curve, collector must have larger
Nonvolatile storage space, Flash cannot substantially meet need of the system to memory capacity in the 512KB pieces that master controller carries
Ask, therefore select exterior FLASH memory.
First, communicate program design
What is established between administrative center station and collector is the communication of interrogation reply system, using administrative center station as main website, collection
Device is slave station, and collector receives the instruction that main website issues and simultaneously makes corresponding operating, and collector can also be actively in administrative center
Pass data.Use half-duplex operation mode between ammeter and collector, collector is main website, and ammeter is slave station, and collector can be with
By foundation and releasing that control communication link is sent the commands to ammeter.Ammeter and collector all have uniquely communicatedly
Location.
Whether the downlink communication between the uplink communication or collector and meter between collector and main website is all necessary
Data communication could be realized according to certain communication protocol, although system employs different communication modes and there are respective rule
Plasticity communication protocol, but all communications are realized by serial ports, and it realizes that the substantially flow of communication is similar, simply has
The processing mode of body is not quite similar.In the program design that communicates, issued when the serial ports of collector receives administrative center
Order when, GPRS serial ports interrupt receive flag bit will be set.In main program, received when detecting that GPRS serial ports interrupts
When flag bit is effective, communication management program will be called to realize the responses of data is issued to administrative center, communication task it is specific
The process of realization is shown in Fig. 3.
First determine whether the data that main website issues are properly received, returned if reception failure, if success logarithm
Judge according to progress protocol analysis and the type to data.The type of data is broadly divided into two classes, and one kind is to collector
Relevant operation instructs, and one kind is the operational order to ammeter.If the instruction that main website issues is for collector, basis
Command information makes relevant operation and returns to related data；If instruction is that ammeter is operated, agreement must be just carried out
Conversion, is converted into the downlink communication agreement that ammeter can identify, then calls local communication program, command adapted thereto is sent to ammeter
Information, the data that ammeter returns must carry out frame assembling according to uplink communication agreement before main website is sent to data.
After module brings into operation, multi-task state collecting thread can carry out every meter reading task according to the parameter set
Repeating query, catches the change of correlation behavior amount, and when detecting that corresponding flag bit be in effective status, it is sub will to start corresponding meter reading
Program, Fig. 4 give the basic procedure of multi-task state collection.
Initialized first after system electrification, configure correlated variables, circularly monitoring task, circularly monitoring can be entered afterwards
Task updates correlating markings position by the monitoring to serial ports interrupt signal and the contrast to system time and meter reading time
State.Meet that collection requires when detecting, by corresponding mark position one, instruction is currently needed for the data type of collection.Multitask
State acquisition thread will excite the operation of corresponding meter reading procedure when detecting that each state flag bit is effective.
As can be seen from Figure 4 whole thread is in the state of a wait effective marker position.Multi-task state is adopted
Collect after thread is run in order to real-time meter reading and transparent transmission task (Reading_Current), curve data meter reading (Resding_
15Min), emphasis user data meter reading (reading_1hour), day meter reading (Reading_Day), moon meter reading (Reading_
Month) flag bit carries out repeating query, when detecting that flag bit is effective, then starts corresponding meter reading subprogram, is returned after the completion of meter reading
Return state acquisition program and continue repeating query.If a wheel monitoring is got off, all flag bits are all zero, and Local Communication Module will enter
Sleep mode, enters after 1 second and automatically begins to monitoring task again.It so can repeat to monitor to avoid unnecessary, save CPU moneys
Source is so as to improve operational efficiency.
2nd, meter reading subroutine design
The major function of meter reading subprogram be the data frame that will assemble by Serial Port Transmission to intelligent electric meter, receive ammeter
The information of return, judges whether to need benefit to copy and make a record meter reading situation according to the information that ammeter returns.Whether it is real-time
Meter reading or timing meter reading (curve meter reading, moon meter reading, day meter reading, emphasis user meter reading), the process of meter reading be all it is similar, only
It is that the data type made a copy of is different with the time.In order to realize that 100% reliably makes a copy of as far as possible, each meter reading subprogram is set
Count benefit and copied mechanism, will there is twice that chance is copied again after first time meter reading failure, still failed if copied again, abandon meter reading, and
By meter reading failure flags position position, time and ammeter configuration information that meter reading fails are recorded.For carrier communication mode,
3 times are copied and accepted with the ammeter all to fail can also carry out automatic relay meter reading.
3rd, non-relay meter reading
After the specific implementation process of meter reading procedure is as shown in figure 5, meter reading procedure is called, 485 modules/carrier module will be from
Sleep mode is switched to normal mode of operation, then calls data processing module to assist the order issued according to DL/T645-2007
View carries out frame assembling, and the data frame assembled is sent to electric energy meter by serial ports.Time-out does not receive data or receives
Data check using benefit by then not copying mechanism, the data juxtaposition meter reading failure flags position that on the contrary then preservation is made a copy of is zero.It is fixed
When copy and accept under pattern, after the completion of meter reading first should to data carry out protocol conversion, afterwards call telecommunication program will make a copy of
Data be uploaded to administrative center.If transparent transmission task, then protocol analysis need not be carried out to data, but directly by data
Administrative center is transmitted to, then received data are docked by administrative center station and carry out dual parsing.
4th, carrier-current relaying meter reading
The collector downlink communication that the present invention designs is by the way of RS-485 and carrier communication are combined, 485 bus sides
Formula does not support relaying automatic data logging, its meter reading process is described in detail above.And carrier meter reading is introduced above
Meter reading on the basis of also add relaying automatic meter-reading, if open relaying automatic meter-reading, system can be to making a copy of three
The secondary electric energy meter all to fail carries out automatic relay search.Automatic relay search includes infinite search and semi-automatic two kinds of sides of search
Formula, it is infinite search be by the poll to each carrier power meter, using the method for permutation and combination by all possible relay route all
Copy and accept once, untill correct copy and accept.Semi-automatic relaying is then to set relay route according to situation is copied and accepted, and can so be arranged
Except some ineligible relay routes, the accuracy of relay route search is improved, and then greatly shortens trunking application operation
Time, improve junction efficiency.The system selects board inward dialing, and it is as shown in Figure 6 that it implements process.Carrier-current relaying
Meter reading flow chart Fig6The flow chart of carrier-relaying meter reading.
After incoming carrier relaying meter reading procedure, relevant parameter should have been configured first, including during the meter reading wait of relaying sum of series
Between, system only supports level Four to relay, wherein the non-relay meter reading stand-by period is arranged to 3 seconds, level-one, two level, three-level, level Four difference
It is arranged to 4 seconds, 6 seconds, 7.5 seconds, 9 seconds.The repeated link table just issued afterwards according to administrative center is to all electricity for copying and accepting failure
Table a little copy, and is carried out according to the order of relaying series from small to large.Will if also having the ammeter do not copied after copying and accepting
The non-relay ammeter copied in relaying storehouse as each level-one relaying for not copying table, successfully relays this if copied and accepted in order
Link substitutes the repeated link that original administrative center issues.Similarly, two level, three-level, level Four relaying meter reading are carried out, if relaying is copied
There is part ammeter not copy and accept after end of list (EOL) successfully then to abandon making a copy of, by meter reading failure flags set, record ammeter relevant information
Report administrative center.
5th, the realization of GPRS communication tasks
As shown in fig. 7, module first checks for whether SIM card is normal after the power is turned on, the signal strength of network is inquired about, detects network
Whether whether successful registration and GPRS network adhere to, and AT is sent to main website by serial ports in the case of all of the above is all normal
Instruction can establish TCP/IP connections.In order to shorten the time of TCP connections foundation, APN can be first set before this, swashed
Mobile context living simultaneously obtains local IP.TCP is selected as the transport protocol on network layer, being can not in order to make up IP connections
By property, connection-oriented, flexible, reliable byte stream transmission method is provided for data transfer[46].Lead to after TCP successful connections
Letter both sides can establish a logical connection, pass through packet number and the corresponding reliability for confirming (ACK) guarantee data transfer.
TCP communication has the function of Retransmission timeout, if fruit does not receive and returns to confirmation message and be considered as communication data packet and lost for a long time,
Lay equal stress on new transmission.TCP will complete the initiation sequence that three-way handshake carrys out data transmitted by synchronous communication both sides during connection
Number.
6th, communication protocol
(1) downlink communication agreement
Downlink communication uses DT/L 645-2007 consensus standards, which specify intelligent meter and power information collector into
Data frame format during row communication, has unified communication standard for different ammeter manufacturers, so that the compatibility of equipment is improved, it
It is the sole criterion that all electric energy meters in current China must all strictly observe.The data frame format of 645 stipulations is as shown in Figure 8
(645 communication protocol of Fig8 The frame format of), starting character, tributary address are included per frame
Information, control code, data length, user data information, check code, end mark.Wherein low 5 of control code are function code, instead
Collector has been answered to issue the attribute of action command, the main read-write included to ammeter data, address, traffic rate, to ammeter number
According to, the clearing of event, maximum demand, to ammeter data when freezing and broadcasting school etc..
Collector carries out data protocol analysis and stores, resolving is as shown in Figure 9 after ammeter data is received.
To in the resolving of data packet, in the event of mistake, then by meter reading failure flags position 1, representing meter reading failure.
(2) uplink communication agreement
Uplink communication agreement uses the Q/GDW376.1-2009 that national grid is formulated, and agreement defines power information collection
Data frame format, data encoding and the transmission rule to communicate between device and administrative center.376.1 the data frame format of agreement
(376.1 communication protocol of Fig10 The frame format of) as shown in Figure 10.
One frame data include four parts：Header text, user data area, frame check and, end mark.Length L is by two words
Section composition, minimum two (D1, D0) are protocol-identifier position, this agreement is represented with 1 and 0 respectively, the remaining 14 (D2 of length L
~D15) be used for reflecting the length of user data, using BIN coding modes, be user data area total amount of byte and.Frame check
With the eight-bit group arithmetic sum for being data user area whole byte.The function code of link user data Layer is by eight-digit binary number code character
Into, different combinations represents different service functions respectively, it is main include confirming/deny message, reset command, authentication,
LI(link interface) detection, parameter setting, parameter query, control command, request of data, file transmission, data forwarding etc..Wherein ask
Data type is broadly divided into 3 classes：Ask 1 class data (real time data), 2 class data (historical data) of request, 3 class data of request
(event data), this three classes data according to the difference of Data Identification enumerate collection in need energy information.Due to message
The data frame that the limitation of length cannot transfer in a frame is segmented into multiframe transmission, and frame sequence domain SEQ has then reflected respectively
The rule change of sequence is transmitted between frame, takes a byte.Data Identification be made of four bytes (DA1, DA2, DT1,
DT2), DA2 uses 255 information point groups of binary coding representation, and DA1 represents corresponding 1~8 information of each information point group
Point, collectively forms a information point identifications of 2040 (8*255).
It should be noted that described above is presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, the invention is not limited in above-mentioned
Embodiment, as long as it reaches the technique effect of the present invention with identical means, should all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. a kind of energy measurement data online acquisition and monitoring system, are made of two large divisions, a part is with MCU
（Microcontroller Unit）Hardware platform centered on control module；Another part is in the management centered on main website
Heart platform, administrative center's platform can carry out collector by GPRS module remote management, hardware platform can by 485 modes and
Carrier system carries out data acquisition to intelligent meter and reports to administrative center, it is characterised in that hardware platform includes embedded
Controller circuitry, RS-485 telecommunication circuits, GPRS telecommunication circuits, power carrier communication circuit, clock circuit, display circuit, electricity
Source circuit, input through keyboard circuit, JTAG（Joint Test Action Group）Debug circuit and storage circuit；Collector is total to
Employ two kinds of communication modes, two kinds of communication modes are all using serial ports into row data communication, and RS-485 telecommunication circuits are by signal tune
The transmission that symmetrical form carries out signal in a manner of balance transmission is made, is then received in a differential manner, using master
From the half duplex mode of communication of structure；Power carrier communication circuit is the carrier communication mode using power line as transmission medium.
2. a kind of energy measurement data online acquisition according to claim 1 and monitoring system, it is characterised in that GPRS
Telecommunication circuit is arranged to the module of dismounting, and clock circuit uses clock chip DS3231, passes through I2C buses and microcontroller phase
Even；For system by realizing demand of the system to memory capacity to the extension of FLASH, FLASH passes through SPI（Serial
Peripheral Interface）Bus is connected with microcontroller；Power circuit is set using power supply conversion isolation；Storage circuit
In main control select exterior FLASH memory.
3. a kind of energy measurement data online acquisition according to claim 1 and monitoring system, it is characterised in that collector
Communication between intelligent meter have also been devised the carrier communication using power line as transmission medium in addition to using RS-485 modes
Mode, the carrier communication carried out data transmission using existing low-voltage power line, carrier circuit amplify electricity by carrier chip, signal
Six road, filter circuit, termination power, zero cross detection circuit, power supply and current-limiting circuit parts form.
4. a kind of energy measurement data online acquisition according to claim 1 and monitoring system, it is characterised in that in management
What is established between heart platform and collector is the communication of interrogation reply system, and using administrative center's platform as main website, collector is slave station, is adopted
Storage, which receives, sends instructions and makes corresponding operating under main website, collector actively can upload data to administrative center's platform；Ammeter and
Half-duplex operation mode is used between collector, collector is main website, and ammeter is slave station, and collector is instructed by being sent to ammeter
To control the foundation of communication link and releasing；Ammeter and collector all have unique mailing address；In communication program design
In, when the serial ports of collector receives the order that administrative center issues, GPRS serial ports interrupts reception flag bit and will be set.
5. a kind of energy measurement data online acquisition according to claim 4 and monitoring system, it is characterised in that communicating
In main program, when detecting that GPRS serial ports interruption reception flag bit is effective, communication management program will be called to realize to management
Center issues the response of data；
First determine whether the data that main website issues are properly received, returned if reception failure, if success to data into
Row protocol analysis and type to data judges；The type of data is broadly divided into two classes, and one kind is the correlation to collector
Operational order, one kind are the operational orders to ammeter；If the instruction that main website issues is believed for collector according to instruction
Breath makes relevant operation and returns to related data；If instruction is that ammeter is operated, protocol conversion must be just carried out, is turned
Change the downlink communication agreement that ammeter can identify into, then call local communication program, command adapted thereto information is sent to ammeter, electricity
The data that table returns must carry out frame assembling according to uplink communication agreement before main website is sent to data.
6. a kind of energy measurement data online acquisition according to claim 4 and monitoring system, it is characterised in that in system
Initialized first after electricity, configure correlated variables, circularly monitoring task can be entered afterwards, circularly monitoring task passes through to serial ports
The monitoring of interrupt signal and the state of correlating markings position updated to the contrast of system time and meter reading time；It is full when detecting
Foot collection requires, and by corresponding mark position one, instruction is currently needed for the data type of collection；Multi-task state collecting thread is being examined
Measure each state flag bit it is effective when will excite the operation of corresponding meter reading procedure；Multi-task state collecting thread meeting basis is set
The parameter put carries out repeating query to every meter reading task, catches the change of correlation behavior amount, when detecting that corresponding flag bit is in
Effective status, will start corresponding meter reading subprogram.
7. a kind of energy measurement data online acquisition according to claim 6 and monitoring system, it is characterised in that meter reading
Program is the information that the data frame that will be assembled is returned by Serial Port Transmission to intelligent electric meter, reception ammeter, is returned according to ammeter
Information judge whether to need benefit to copy and make a record meter reading situation；In order to realize that 100% reliably makes a copy of as far as possible, each is copied
Table subprogram all devises benefit and copies mechanism, will there is twice that chance is copied again after first time meter reading failure, still fails if copied again,
Abandon meter reading, and by meter reading failure flags position position, record time and the ammeter configuration information of meter reading failure.
8. a kind of energy measurement data online acquisition according to claim 7 and monitoring system, it is characterised in that meter reading journey
After sequence is called, RS-485 modules/carrier module will be switched to normal mode of operation from sleep mode, then call data processing
Module carries out frame assembling to the order issued according to DL/T645-2007 agreements, and the data frame assembled is sent to electricity by serial ports
Can table；Time-out does not receive data or the data check received not by then copying mechanism using benefit, on the contrary then preservation is made a copy of
To data juxtaposition meter reading failure flags position be zero；Timing is copied and accepted under pattern, and agreement should be carried out to data first after the completion of meter reading
Conversion, calls telecommunication program that the data made a copy of are uploaded to administrative center afterwards；If transparent transmission task, then need not
Protocol analysis is carried out to data, but directly forwards the data to administrative center, then received data are docked by administrative center station
Carry out dual parsing.
9. a kind of energy measurement data online acquisition according to claim 3 and monitoring system, it is characterised in that carrier wave leads to
Relaying automatic data logging is also add in letter mode, if opening relaying automatic meter-reading, system can all be lost three times to making a copy of
The electric energy meter lost carries out automatic relay search；Automatic relay search includes infinite search and semi-automatic search two ways, infinite
Search is by the poll to each carrier power meter, and all possible relay route is all copied and accepted one using the method for permutation and combination
It is secondary, untill correct copy and accept；Semi-automatic relaying is then to set relay route according to situation is copied and accepted, and can so be excluded
Ineligible relay route, improves the accuracy of relay route search.
10. a kind of energy measurement data online acquisition according to claim 1 and monitoring system, it is characterised in that system
Communication protocol is divided into downlink communication agreement and uplink communication agreement；
Downlink communication agreement uses DT/L 645-2007 consensus standards, includes starting per frame in the data frame format of 645 stipulations
Symbol, tributary address information, control code, data length, user data information, check code and end mark；Wherein low 5 of control code
For function code, the attribute that collector issues action command, including the read-write to ammeter data, address, traffic rate have been reacted, it is right
The clearing of ammeter data, event, maximum demand, and to ammeter data when freezing and broadcasting school；
Collector carries out data protocol analysis and stores, in the resolving to data packet, such as after ammeter data is received
Mistake occurs for fruit, then by meter reading failure flags position 1, represents meter reading failure；
Uplink communication agreement uses the Q/GDW376.1-2009 that national grid is formulated, one in the data frame format of 376.1 agreements
Frame data include four parts：Header text, user data area, frame check and and end mark；Length L is made of two bytes, most
Low two D1, D0 are protocol-identifier position, this agreement is represented with 1 and 0 respectively, and the remaining 14 D2~D15 of length L are used for anti-
Reflect the length of user data, using BIN coding modes, be user data area total amount of byte and；Frame check and be data user
The eight-bit group arithmetic sum of area's whole byte；The function code of link user data Layer is made of eight-digit binary number code, different groups
Conjunction represents different service functions respectively, including confirms/deny message, reset command, authentication, LI(link interface) detection, ginseng
Number setting, parameter query, control command, request of data, file transmission and data forwarding；Wherein request data type is broadly divided into
3 classes：Ask 1 class data i.e. real time data, request 2 class data i.e. historical data, request 3 class data i.e. event data, this three classes
Data according to the difference of Data Identification enumerate collection in need energy information；Since the limitation of message length cannot be one
The data frame transferred in frame is segmented into multiframe transmission, and frame sequence domain SEQ has then reflected the change of transmission sequence between each frame
Change rule, take a byte；Data Identification uses binary coding table by DA1, DA2, DT1, tetra- byte compositions of DT2, DA2
Show 255 information point groups, DA1 represents corresponding 1~8 information point of each information point group, collectively forms 8*255 information point
Mark.
11. a kind of energy measurement data online acquisition according to claim 1 and monitoring system, including data are copied and accepted, number
According to transmission, data storage and cleaning, automatic correcting time, parameter query and setting, logout and safeguard protection, it is characterised in that
（1）, data copy and accept：Copying and accepting for data mainly includes three kinds of modes：Copy and accept, periodically copy and accept in real time, mending and copy automatically；Copy in real time
The requirement for requiring data collector to answer administrative center is received, status information, the correlation for specifying collection point are read in given time
Data and time parameter；Timing copies and accepts the parameter for referring to set according to administrative center and carries out cycle automatic transcription, when meter reading
Between and after the meter reading cycle determines, system can carry out copying for Various types of data to specified electric energy meter automatically when the meter reading moment arrives
Receive, it is automatic after copying and accepting successfully to calculate the next meter reading time, into next meter reading task；Automatic benefit, which is copied, requires data collector can be certainly
Dynamic to carry out benefit to the data of copying and accepting failure and copy, mending the result copied should report to administrative center in time；
（2）, data transfer：The data that receive need accurate, and communication need to possess good stability and reliability, equipment it
Between communication should meet the requirements of related stipulations, the stipulations storehouse of power information collector should may be updated to support more associations
View；
（3）, logout：Power information collector should possess event recording function, can classification storage items event information, it is main
To include the record of collector parameter modification, the record of data acquisition failure, electric energy meter abnormality record, the overproof record of clock
Deng event usually is divided into alarm event and the common event；In the event of event alarm, power information collector should be able to be in active
Administrative center is offered, alarm event is walked to stop including ammeter, traffic overload, clock exception and electric energy meter are flown away；The content bag reported
The instant data of electric energy meter, instant data include three when including abnormal electric energy table address, Exception Type, time, anomalous event generation
Phase voltage, three-phase current, active power and reactive power；When acquisition terminal can not active reporting event when, can wait until management in
Access position ACD sets will be required the heart accesses next time when in the reply data for issue administrative center, represent that terminal has important thing
Feelings etc. are to be visited；Electric power acquisition terminal should record at least 500 events occurred in the recent period；
（4）, parameter setting and inquiry：Administrative center is long-range or the parameter of acquisition terminal is configured by human-computer interaction interface
Or inquiry, including setting and inquiry to acquisition scheme, meter archives, communication channel；In addition weight can also be carried out to password
Put, disk size is inquired about；
（5）, system school when：The record of data-frozen, the record of alarm event and other information is required for whole system to keep
The synchronization of clock information；Therefore system be when should support the long-range school of administrative center, and administrative center is instructed when sending school phase of standing firm, right
Power information acquisition terminal belonging to it is calibrated, and power information acquisition terminal again carries out intelligent electric meter by down channel
During school, during school the time arbitrarily set by back-stage management center, pair when after time difference of clock should be not more than ± 1s；
（6）, safeguard protection：In order to ensure the safety of data, either local operation or remote operation, should all possess password guarantor
Protective function, only inputs correct password, data collecting system could be controlled accordingly, so as to prevent illegal operation；
The data of upload need to be tackled and are encrypted according to Encryption Algorithm；
（7）, data storage and cleaning：Data collection station transfers data to administrative center by channel to be had between the regular hour
Every copying and accepting after data that the loss and mistake of data may occur for transmission at once, if data collection station can be to items
Data carry out classification storage, are uploaded when administrative center needs, then by these data, then can reduce the probability of loss of data,
Improve the accuracy of data；Specifically need the data type that stores as shown in table 1；Data collection station is except needing to store electric energy
Outside data, the information such as acquisition terminal and intelligent meter operating status, relevant configuration should also be stored；In order to improve data
Accuracy, the storage of dynamic data should all take time identifier；The capacity of data collection station storage system should be able to meet to upper
The storage demand of data is stated, each item data can be in corresponding period memory storage according to the difference of type；Even in the situation of power down
Under, the parameters of acquisition terminal should also preserve in real time after changing；The data of data collection station storage take disk
After providing space, data can be cleared up, be automatically deleted partial data, deleted data in chronological sequence carry out.
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