CN107894395A - A kind of Aerosol Extinction Coefficients measuring method based on Research on Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy - Google Patents
A kind of Aerosol Extinction Coefficients measuring method based on Research on Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy Download PDFInfo
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- CN107894395A CN107894395A CN201711344489.4A CN201711344489A CN107894395A CN 107894395 A CN107894395 A CN 107894395A CN 201711344489 A CN201711344489 A CN 201711344489A CN 107894395 A CN107894395 A CN 107894395A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/31—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry
- G01N21/39—Investigating relative effect of material at wavelengths characteristic of specific elements or molecules, e.g. atomic absorption spectrometry using tunable lasers
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Aerosol Extinction Coefficients measuring method based on Research on Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy, Research on Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy is a kind of new spectrum detection technique, its multiple reflections characteristic based on high reflective mirror, with hypersensitivity and the advantages of low test limit, new measuring method is provided for the measurement of aerosol extinction.Because the reflectivity of hysteroscope is high（Generally 99.9% 99.9999%）, the decay of light intensity is slow, and up to thousands of rice even equivalent optical path of tens of kms can be realized in intracavitary, and the sensitivity and test limit for making detection greatly improve, and this is that other measuring methods institute is inaccessiable.The present invention is the Aerosol Extinction Coefficients measuring method based on Research on Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy design, and its sensitivity can reach 0.2Mm‑1, far above the detection sensitivity of traditional extinction coefficient.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Aerosol Extinction Coefficients measuring method, is specifically that one kind is based on Research on Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy
Aerosol Extinction Coefficients measuring method.
Background technology
Atmospheric aerosol refers to be suspended in the liquid or solid particulate in air, usual mean particle dia size (air force
Learn diameter) between 0.003-100 μm.Atmospheric aerosol can influence earth atmosphere energy by scattering and absorbing solar radiation
Revenue and expenditure, so as to influence climate change, the effect is referred to as the direct radiation effect of aerosol.The direct radiation effect of aerosol takes
Certainly in the optical characteristics of aerosol, the main scattering and absorption for including aerosol to light.And the delustring of aerosol is aerosol dissipates
It is scattering and absorption coefficient sum to penetrate with the coefficient result of absorption characteristic, extinction coefficient.Aerosol Extinction it is accurate
Measurement is to carry out the prerequisite of weather Radiative Forcing research.Meanwhile China's haze weather is increasing in recent years, to air energy
Degree of opinion produces material impact, and atmospheric visibility is directly related with extinction coefficient, it is therefore necessary to carries out Aerosol Extinction
Research.
Tradition, mainly using the detection of laser radar instrument, utilizes to the measuring method of Aerosol Extinction Coefficients
Integrating nephelometer detects, detected using black carbon instrument and coal soot absorption spectrophotometer based on film process etc..Laser thunder
Although up to there is higher spatial resolution, the method is usually applicable only to certain specific aerosol type, for time chi
Degree changes bigger error for faster aerosol, and when aerosol concentration is relatively low in air, detection sensitivity is relatively low, this
The outer technology is also bigger by weather and atmospheric effect.Integrate that transmissometer is portable and moderate cost, but in high relative humidity ring
When being measured in border, systematic error is substantially bigger than normal, even if after using traditional modifying factor amendment, because truncated error is larger, surveying
It is usual or relatively low to measure result.For black carbon instrument, although simple with measuring method, the advantages such as price is low, due to measurement side
Method is influenceed by filter membrane type and feature, and the scattering or absorbefacient aerosol being collected on filter membrane can influence each other with filter membrane,
Change the absorbent properties of aerosol, over-evaluating for absorption coefficient can be caused.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of Aerosol Extinction Coefficients measurement side based on Research on Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy
Method, to solve the problems mentioned in the above background technology.
To achieve the above object, the present invention provides following technical scheme：
A kind of Aerosol Extinction Coefficients measuring apparatus based on Research on Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy, including pulsed laser source, light
Isolator, lens A are learned, lens B, reflective mirror, declines and swings chamber, tested gas vent, tested gas access, separate cavities, high reflectance
Hysteroscope, detector, oscillograph, data acquisition unit, data wire, computer, quarter wave plate, polarization beam splitter prism and power absorption pond,
The Laser emission direction of the pulsed laser source is provided with optical isolator, and the optical isolator includes 1/4 wave plate, polarization point
Beam prism and power absorption pond, are the lens group that lens A and lens B is formed in the side of optical isolator, and pulsed laser source is sent out
The laser penetrated changes direction by reflective mirror after optical isolator and lens group and swings chamber into declining, and quilt on chamber be present declining to swing
Survey gas vent and tested gas access, and separate cavities are provided with the both ends of swinging chamber of declining, high reflection is mounted in separate cavities
Rate hysteroscope, detector is provided with the side direction for swing chamber declining, the detector is connected with oscillograph, and detector and oscillograph
It is connected with data acquisition unit, the data acquisition unit is connected through data wire with computer again.
In the embodiment of the present invention, a kind of Aerosol Extinction Coefficients measuring method based on Research on Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy, its
Comprise the following steps that：
S1, sample collection：Different places (including factory, street, citizen playground etc.) gather air sample out of urban district
This, and the sample to collecting preserves.
S2, equipment debugging：Aerosol Extinction Coefficients detection device based on Research on Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy is debugged.
S3, system calibration：Detected using the calibrating gas of its known extinction coefficient through row, and determine its error, for herein
On the basis of the measurement of Aerosol Extinction Coefficients that carries out lay the first stone.
S4, start to detect：The air sample collected input detection device is detected.
S5, collect data：The data obtained to detection are collected and preserved.
S6, data processing：Obtained related data importing calculation formula is handled, finally draws detected gas
Aerosol Extinction Coefficients.
As the further scheme of the present invention：In the step S1, the mode of sample collection is by the opening of rated capacity
Container is statically placed in sample collection region 10 minutes, then seals sample collection container.
As further scheme of the invention：In the step S2, the debugging of equipment is adjustment pulsed laser source, optics
Isolator, lens A, lens B, reflective mirror, decline and swing the relative position of chamber and detector, pulse laser is coupled into decline and is swung chamber, and
It will not interfere that (when current PRF vibrates in intracavitary, next pulse does not reach also in former and later two pulses of intracavitary vibration
Intracavitary), and finally decline and swing signal and be detected by the detector, wherein pulsed laser source launch wavelength is 532nm pulse laser
Source, pulsewidth are less than 10ns, and repetition rate is less than 1Hz pulse laser.
As further scheme of the invention：In the step S3, system calibration uses CO2Pure gas and various concentrations
NO2Gas is calibrated, respectively by CO2And the NO of various concentrations2It is passed through to decline and swings chamber, measure its extinction coefficient, with theoretical value
It is compared, the theoretical value using abscissa as gas extinction coefficient, ordinate is the experimental measurements of gas extinction coefficient, and right
It is fitted, it is possible to the corresponding relation of measurement result and standard value is obtained, so as to complete the calibration to instrument.
As further scheme of the invention：In the step S4, gas sample is passed through at tested gas access
Decline and swing chamber, and leave to decline from tested gas outlet and swing chamber, while by N2It is passed through in separate cavities, makes the height of installation in separate cavities anti-
Rate hysteroscope is penetrated to be adequately isolated with ambient atmos.
As further scheme of the invention：In the step S5, what data acquisition unit collection detector detected declines
Swing signal and oscillograph receives to decline and swings signal and obtain ring-down time by exponential curve fitting again.
As further scheme of the invention：In the step S, correlation that computer is collected into according to data acquisition unit
Data and device data calculate the Aerosol Extinction Coefficients of detected gas, when intracavitary is without matte media (i.e. cavity)
When, ring-down time is
L swings chamber chamber length to decline in formula, and c is the light velocity, and R is the reflectivity of hysteroscope.When intracavitary has matte media, ring-down time
For
L is medium length in formula, medium length and identical (i.e. L=l), the σ that swings chamber chamber length of decliningextFor the extinction coefficient of medium.
The extinction coefficient that medium can be obtained by (one), (two) formula is
The extinction coefficient for the aerosol that formula (three) as finally measures, unit m-1。
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
Research on Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy is a kind of new spectrum detection technique, its multiple reflections characteristic based on high reflective mirror, in chamber
It is interior that up to thousands of rice even equivalent optical path of tens of kms can be achieved, there is the advantages of hypersensitivity and low test limit, for gas
The measurement of colloidal sol delustring provides new measuring method, and the present invention is that the atmospheric aerosol based on Research on Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy design disappears
Backscatter extinction logarithmic ratio measuring method, its sensitivity can reach 0.2Mm-1, far above the detection sensitivity of traditional extinction coefficient.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the Aerosol Extinction Coefficients measuring apparatus based on Research on Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy.
Fig. 2 is the structure of optical isolator in the Aerosol Extinction Coefficients measuring apparatus based on Research on Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy
Schematic diagram.
In figure：Pulsed laser source 1, optical isolator 2, lens A3, lens B4, reflective mirror 5, decline swing chamber 6, tested gas goes out
Mouth 7, tested gas access 8, separate cavities 9, high reflectance hysteroscope 10, detector 11, oscillograph 12, data acquisition unit 13, data
Line 14, computer 15, quarter wave plate 21, polarization beam splitter prism 22 and power absorption pond 23.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Site preparation describes, it is clear that described embodiment is only part of the embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained every other under the premise of creative work is not made
Embodiment, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.
Refer to Fig. 1~2, in the embodiment of the present invention, a kind of atmospheric aerosol delustring system based on Research on Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy
Number measuring apparatus, including pulsed laser source 1, optical isolator 2, lens A3, lens B4, reflective mirror 5, decline and swing chamber 6, tested gas
Outlet 7, tested gas access 8, separate cavities 9, high reflectance hysteroscope 10, detector 11, oscillograph 12, data acquisition unit 13, number
According to line 14, computer 15, quarter wave plate 21, polarization beam splitter prism 22 and power absorption pond 23, the laser of the pulsed laser source 1
The direction of the launch is provided with optical isolator 2, and the optical isolator 2 includes quarter wave plate 21, polarization beam splitter prism 22 and power absorption
Pond 23, it is the lens group that lens A3 and lens B4 is formed in the side of optical isolator 2, the laser warp that pulsed laser source 1 is launched
Cross after optical isolator 2 and lens group to change direction by reflective mirror 5 and enter to decline and swing chamber 6, tested gas be present declining to swing on chamber 6
Outlet 7 and tested gas access 8, and separate cavities 9 are provided with the both ends of swinging chamber 6 of declining, it is mounted on high reflectance in separate cavities 9
Hysteroscope 10, detector 11 is provided with the side direction for swing chamber 6 declining, the detector 11 is connected with oscillograph 12, and detector
11 and oscillograph 12 be connected with data acquisition unit 13, the data acquisition unit 13 is connected through data wire 14 with computer 15 again.
In the embodiment of the present invention, a kind of Aerosol Extinction Coefficients measuring method based on Research on Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy, its
Comprise the following steps that：
S1, sample collection：Different places (including factory, street, citizen playground etc.) gather air sample out of urban district
This, and the sample to collecting preserves.
S2, equipment debugging：Aerosol Extinction Coefficients detection device based on Research on Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy is debugged.
S3, system calibration：Detected using the calibrating gas of its known extinction coefficient through row, and determine its error, for herein
On the basis of the measurement of Aerosol Extinction Coefficients that carries out lay the first stone.
S4, start to detect：The air sample collected input detection device is detected.
S5, collect data：The data obtained to detection are collected and preserved.
S6, data processing：Obtained related data importing calculation formula is handled, finally draws detected gas
Aerosol Extinction Coefficients.
The present invention operation principle be：
Cavity ring-down spectroscopy (cavityring-downspectroscopy, CRDS) technology is to have developed rapidly the nearly more than ten years
A kind of new spectrum detection technique come, its multiple reflections characteristic based on high reflective mirror, up to thousands of rice can be realized very in intracavitary
To the equivalent optical path of tens of kms, there is the advantages of hypersensitivity and low test limit, provided for the measurement of aerosol extinction
New measuring method.This technology has the advantage that compared with traditional e measurement technology：
(1) in cavity-type BPM, because the reflectivity of hysteroscope is high (generally 99.9%-99.9999%), the decay of light intensity
Slowly, in shorter distance can be achieved up to thousands of rice even tens of kms equivalent optical path light can be come and gone in intracavitary it is thousands of
Rice, the sensitivity and test limit for making detection greatly improve, and this is that other measuring methods institute is inaccessiable.
(2) because CRDS technologies are to measure light in the ring-down time in swinging chamber that declines, the time is the ratio of an intensity, with
The intensity size of incident light is not directly dependent upon, therefore measurement result is not excited the influence of light intensity fluctuation, have signal to noise ratio it is high,
The advantages that strong antijamming capability.
(3) device of CRDS technologies is very simple, is very easy to realize.In summary, CRDS technologies disappear in atmospheric aerosol
There is important Research Significance and application value in backscatter extinction logarithmic ratio measurement.
Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art,
It can still modify to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or which part technical characteristic is carried out etc.
With replacing, within the spirit and principles of the invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc., this should be included in
Within the protection domain of invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of Aerosol Extinction Coefficients measuring method based on Research on Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy, it is characterised in that declined based on chamber
Swing the Aerosol Extinction Coefficients measuring apparatus of spectral technique, including pulsed laser source (1), optical isolator (2), lens A
(3), lens B (4), reflective mirror (5), decline and swing chamber (6), tested gas vent (7), tested gas access (8), separate cavities (9), high
Reflectivity hysteroscope (10), detector (11), oscillograph (12), data acquisition unit (13), data wire (14), computer (15), 1/4
Wave plate (21), polarization beam splitter prism (22) and power absorption pond (23), the Laser emission direction of the pulsed laser source (1) are provided with
Optical isolator (2), the optical isolator (2) include quarter wave plate (21), polarization beam splitter prism (22) and power absorption pond
(23), it is the lens group of lens A (3) and lens B (4) compositions in the side of optical isolator (2), pulsed laser source (1) is launched
Laser decline by changing direction entrance by reflective mirror (5) after optical isolator (2) and lens group and swing chamber (6), swing chamber declining
(6) tested gas vent (7) and tested gas access (8) on be present, and separate cavities (9) are provided with the both ends of swinging chamber (6) of declining,
High reflectance hysteroscope (10) is mounted in separate cavities (9), detector (11), institute are provided with the side direction for swinging chamber (6) declining
Detector (11) is stated to be connected with oscillograph (12), and detector (11) and oscillograph (12) are connected with data acquisition unit (13),
The data acquisition unit (13) and it is connected through data wire (14) with computer (15)；
A kind of Aerosol Extinction Coefficients measuring method based on Research on Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy, it is comprised the following steps that：
S1, sample collection：Different places gather air sample out of urban district, and the sample to collecting preserves；
S2, equipment debugging：Aerosol Extinction Coefficients detection device based on Research on Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy is debugged；
S3, system calibration：Detected using the calibrating gas of its known extinction coefficient through row, and determine its error, for basis herein
The measurement of the Aerosol Extinction Coefficients of upper progress lays the first stone；
S4, start to detect：The air sample collected input detection device is detected；
S5, collect data：The data obtained to detection are collected and preserved；
S6, data processing：Obtained related data importing calculation formula is handled, finally draws the air of detected gas
Aerosol Extinction.
2. the Aerosol Extinction Coefficients measuring method according to claim 1 based on Research on Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy, it is special
Sign is, in the step S1, the mode of sample collection is that the open-top receptacle of rated capacity is statically placed in into sample collection region 10
Minute, then seal sample collection container.
3. the Aerosol Extinction Coefficients measuring method according to claim 1 based on Research on Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy, it is special
Sign is, in the step S2, the debugging of equipment is adjustment pulsed laser source (1), optical isolator (2), lens A (3), lens
B (4), reflective mirror (5), decline the relative position for swinging chamber (6) and detector (11), pulse laser is coupled into decline and is swung chamber, and most
Decline eventually and swing signal and detected by detector (11), wherein pulsed laser source (1) launch wavelength is 532nm pulsed laser source, arteries and veins
Width is less than 10ns, and repetition rate is less than 1Hz pulse laser.
4. the Aerosol Extinction Coefficients measuring method according to claim 1 based on Research on Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy, it is special
Sign is, in the step S3, system calibration uses CO2The NO of pure gas and various concentrations2Gas is calibrated, respectively by CO2
And the NO of various concentrations2It is passed through to decline and swings chamber, measures its extinction coefficient, be compared with theoretical value, disappeared by gas of abscissa
The theoretical value of backscatter extinction logarithmic ratio, ordinate are the experimental measurements of gas extinction coefficient, and it are fitted, obtain measurement result and
The corresponding relation of standard value, so as to complete the calibration to instrument.
5. the Aerosol Extinction Coefficients measuring method according to claim 1 based on Research on Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy, it is special
Sign is, in the step S4, gas sample is passed through to decline from tested gas access (8) and swings chamber (6), and is gone out from tested gas
Mouthful (7) place, which leaves to decline, swings chamber (6), while by N2It is passed through in separate cavities (9), makes the high reflectance hysteroscope of installation in separate cavities (9)
(10) it is adequately isolated with ambient atmos.
6. the Aerosol Extinction Coefficients measuring method according to claim 1 based on Research on Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy, it is special
Sign is, in the step S5, data acquisition unit (13) collects detector (11) declining of detecting and swings signal and oscillograph (12)
Receive to decline and swing signal ring-down time is obtained by exponential curve fitting again.
7. the Aerosol Extinction Coefficients measuring method according to claim 1 based on Research on Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy, it is special
Sign is, in the step S6, related data and device data that computer 15 is collected into according to data acquisition unit 13 calculate
The Aerosol Extinction Coefficients of detected gas, when intracavitary is without matte media, ring-down time is
L swings chamber chamber length to decline in formula, and c is the light velocity, and R is the reflectivity of hysteroscope.When intracavitary has matte media, ring-down time is
L is medium length in formula, medium length and identical (i.e. L=l), the σ that swings chamber chamber length of decliningextFor the extinction coefficient of medium.
The extinction coefficient that medium can be obtained by (one), (two) formula is
The extinction coefficient for the aerosol that formula (three) as finally measures, unit m-1。
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