CN103712914A - Laser cavity ring-down spectrometer for simultaneous detection of aerosol extinction and scattering coefficients - Google Patents
Laser cavity ring-down spectrometer for simultaneous detection of aerosol extinction and scattering coefficients Download PDFInfo
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- CN103712914A CN103712914A CN201310739682.3A CN201310739682A CN103712914A CN 103712914 A CN103712914 A CN 103712914A CN 201310739682 A CN201310739682 A CN 201310739682A CN 103712914 A CN103712914 A CN 103712914A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a laser cavity ring-down spectrometer for simultaneous detection of aerosol extinction and scattering coefficients. The spectrometer comprises a gas path system, a light cavity, a first photomultiplier and a second photomultiplier, wherein the first photomultiplier is used for detecting transmission light of the light cavity; the second photomultiplier is used for integral measurement of scattered light and stretches into the light cavity from the side surface of the light cavity; the gas path system is used for providing sample gas or background gas for the light cavity periodically. Because the gas path system feeds the background gas and the sample gas with aerosol into the light cavity periodically, the spectrometer disclosed by the invention can detect the transmission light and the scattered light of the light cavity respectively through the first photomultiplier and the second photomultiplier, and can calculate ring-down time of the background gas and ring-down time of the sample gas through fitting respectively, thus calculating extinction coefficient of the aerosol; simultaneously, the spectrometer can calculate ratio of transmission light intensity to scattered light intensity to obtain scattering coefficient of the aerosol, and the spectrometer is low in detection error and high in precision. The ring-down spectrometer disclosed by the invention is applicable to online analysis and detection of optical properties of atmosphere aerosol.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the online detection field of atmospheric aerosol optical property, particularly relate to a kind of laser optical cavity ring-down spectrometer that simultaneously detects aerosol extinction and scattering coefficient.
Background technology
Atmospheric aerosol is that the whole world and regional climate change the important driving factor, but gasoloid is also one of uncertainty source maximum in current climatic study simultaneously, diversity, the spatial and temporal distributions in its reason atmospheric aerosol source on Global Scale differs greatly, the very big uncertainty that the restriction of measuring technique is measured gasoloid absorption characteristic is also a major reason.Research can be measured extinction coefficient and scattering coefficient simultaneously or be measured the new technology of scattering coefficient and absorption coefficient simultaneously, and atmospheric science research and meteorological field are had to important practical value and meaning.
The multiple reflections characteristic of cavity ring down spectroscopy technology based on high reflective mirror, in shorter distance, realized long equivalent light path (can reach the even tens of kms of thousands of rice), there is hypersensitivity and low detectability, be very suitable for the OPTICAL PROPERTIES of atmospheric aerosol and the detection analysis of various trace gas.
At present, extinction coefficient can pass through cavity ring down spectroscopy technology Measurement accuracy, and uncertainty is less than 3%, and the measurement of scattering coefficient comparative maturity is used integration turbidimeter, and it is uncertain minimum reaches 5%; Both are in conjunction with accurately measuring extinction coefficient and scattering coefficient, then calculate absorption coefficient and single scattering albedo will be a kind of desirable measuring method.But the method, adopts two different instruments to measure respectively extinction coefficient and scattering coefficient, can be subject to the uncertain impact of synchronism of sample analysis time; The more important thing is, the operation wavelength operation wavelength common and that scattering coefficient is measured of measurement of extinction coefficient is inconsistent, needs additional calculating, by both unified Same Wavelengths that arrives, can introduce calculation error, the uncertainty that increase single scattering albedo is measured.Therefore, exploitation can be measured the method for Aerosol Extinction and scattering coefficient on same instrument simultaneously, obtain gasoloid absorption coefficient and single scattering albedo simultaneously, to improving accuracy and the reliability that coefficient absorbs and single scattering albedo is measured, be extremely important.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome above-mentioned technical matters, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of laser optical cavity ring-down spectrometer that can simultaneously detect aerosol extinction and scattering coefficient.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of laser optical cavity ring-down spectrometer that simultaneously detects aerosol extinction and scattering coefficient, comprise light path system, detection system and air-channel system, described light path system comprises light source and receives the optical cavity of light source output light, described detection system comprises data processing equipment and the first photomultiplier being connected with data processing equipment signal respectively, the second photomultiplier, described the first photomultiplier is used for the detection of optical cavity transmitted light and is positioned at optical cavity output terminal, described the second photomultiplier is for scattered light integral measurement and stretch into optical cavity from optical cavity side, described air-channel system is periodically optical cavity sampling gas or background gas.
As the further improvement of technique scheme, described the second photomultiplier is perpendicular to the optical path direction in optical cavity and be positioned at the middle part of optical cavity light path side.
As the further improvement of technique scheme, described light path system comprises gatherer, and described gatherer, between light source and optical cavity, is exported light by light source and imported in optical cavity.
Further improvement as technique scheme, described gatherer comprises primary event mirror, secondary reflection mirror, the first diaphragm and the second diaphragm, light is first adjusted beam direction after the reflection of primary event mirror and secondary reflection mirror, pass through successively again the first diaphragm and the second diaphragm to adjust beam diameter, finally enter optical cavity.
Further improvement as technique scheme, described optical cavity comprises perpendicular to the incident high reflective mirror of optical path direction and transmission high reflective mirror, described incident high reflective mirror and transmission high reflective mirror are plano-concave mirror, wherein each concave surface plates high-reflecting film, each concave surface is installed relatively, and light passes from incident high reflective mirror and transmission high reflective mirror center.
Further improvement as technique scheme, described air-channel system comprises feeder and the air extractor that connects respectively optical cavity, described feeder comprises sample gas circuit and the background gas circuit being connected in parallel, and the input end of described sample gas circuit and background gas circuit is connected to gas circuit selected cell.
As the further improvement of technique scheme, in described background gas circuit, be connected to filtrator.
As the further improvement of technique scheme, described gas circuit selected cell is electric T-shaped valve, and two outlets of described electric T-shaped valve connect respectively sample gas circuit and background gas circuit, and entrance connects gas to be measured.
As the further improvement of technique scheme, described air extractor is aspiration pump, and described aspiration pump provides power for optical cavity air inlet.
As the further improvement of technique scheme, described data processing equipment comprises that minute level signal connects the data collecting card of the first photomultiplier and the second photomultiplier, and described data collecting card connects host computer.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention periodically passes into optical cavity by background gas with aerocolloidal sample gas by air-channel system, with the first photomultiplier and the second photomultiplier, detect respectively transmitted light and the scattered light of optical cavity, by matching, obtain respectively the ring-down time of background gas and the ring-down time of sample gas, calculate aerocolloidal extinction coefficient; Calculate the ratio of transmitted light and scattered light intensity simultaneously, obtain aerocolloidal scattering coefficient, on this basis, can further obtain the important parameter of the optical property of the atmospheric aerosols such as aerocolloidal absorption coefficient, single scattering albedo, it detects, and error is little, precision is high.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and embodiments, the present invention is further described.
Fig. 1 is schematic diagram of structure of the present invention.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of laser optical cavity ring-down spectrometer that simultaneously detects aerosol extinction and scattering coefficient, comprise light path system, detection system and air-channel system, light path system comprises light source and receives the optical cavity 1 of light source output light, detection system comprises data processing equipment and the first photomultiplier 2 being connected with data processing equipment signal respectively, the second photomultiplier 3, the first photomultiplier 2 is for the detection of optical cavity 1 transmitted light and be positioned at optical cavity 1 output terminal, the second photomultiplier 3 stretches into optical cavity 1 for scattered light integral measurement and from optical cavity 1 side, air-channel system is periodically optical cavity 1 sampling gas or background gas.The present embodiment utilizes optical cavity ring-down spectroscopic methodology to obtain aerocolloidal extinction coefficient by measuring the transmitted light of optical cavity, simultaneously, utilize and the similar but distinguishing principle of integrating nephelometer, measure the integration of the scattered light of gasoloid in certain angle in optical cavity, contrast with transmitted light again, calculate aerocolloidal scattering coefficient.
In the present embodiment, detection zone of the interior formation of optical cavity 1, the range of exposures of detection zone in light path, in the occupied region of gasoloid.Preferably, the second photomultiplier 3 is perpendicular to the optical path direction in optical cavity 1 and be positioned at the middle part of side, detection zone, and for the measurement of the interior aerocolloidal scattered light integration of optical cavity 1, it is the scattered light of 5 ° ~ 175 ° that this photomultiplier can detect angle.
Preferably, light source is pulsed laser 14, and light path system also comprises gatherer, and gatherer, between laser instrument 14 and optical cavity 1, imports laser beam in optical cavity 1.Gatherer is comprised of primary event mirror 4, secondary reflection mirror 5, the first diaphragm 6 and the second diaphragm 7, and primary event mirror 4 and secondary reflection mirror 5 are plane mirror, can make laser beam regulate arbitrarily in the certain angle of optical cavity 1 region; The first diaphragm 6 and the second diaphragm 7, for limiting the diameter of laser beam, are convenient to optical path adjusting; Light is first parallel to optical cavity 1 and passes through successively the first diaphragm 6 and the second diaphragm 7 to adjust beam diameter after the reflection of primary event mirror 4 and secondary reflection mirror 5, finally enters optical cavity 1.
Preferably, optical cavity 1 comprises perpendicular to the incident high reflective mirror 8 of laser beam and transmission high reflective mirror 9, incident high reflective mirror 8 and transmission high reflective mirror 9 are plano-concave mirror, the emission wavelength of two plano-concave mirrors and laser instrument 14 matches, wherein each concave surface plates high-reflecting film, and radius-of-curvature is 1mm, and reflectivity is higher than 99.99%, each concave surface is installed relatively, and light passes from incident high reflective mirror 8 and transmission high reflective mirror 9 centers.The first photomultiplier 2 is positioned at the rear end of transmission high reflective mirror 9, for receiving the light signal transmiting from optical cavity 1, and light signal is converted into electric signal to carry out the observation of change in optical signal, and this photomultiplier is mainly used in the detection of Aerosol Extinction.
In the present embodiment, data processing equipment comprises that minute level signal connects the data collecting card 13 of the first photomultiplier 2 and the second photomultiplier 3, and data collecting card 13 connects host computer.Data collecting card 13 gathers the electric signal of the first photomultiplier 2 and the second photomultiplier 3, and processes being transferred to host computer computer after its digitizing, calculates extinction coefficient and scattering coefficient, and derives absorption coefficient and single scattering albedo.
Preferably, air-channel system comprises feeder and the air extractor that connects respectively optical cavity 1.Air extractor is aspiration pump 12, for optical cavity 1 air inlet provides power.Feeder comprises sample gas circuit and the background gas circuit being connected in parallel, the input end of sample gas circuit and background gas circuit is connected to the electric T-shaped valve 11 as gas circuit selected cell, two outlets of electric T-shaped valve 11 connect respectively sample gas circuit and background gas circuit, entrance connects gas to be measured, is connected to filtrator 10 in background gas circuit.Filtrator 10 can be removed the gasoloid in gas to be measured, as the background of measuring; Electric T-shaped valve 11 is for the switching of background gas and testing sample gas.
Detection system in the present embodiment also comprises a governor circuit 15, the power supply that this governor circuit 15 is realized the Power supply and control of light source, electric T-shaped valve 11, aspiration pump 12, data collecting card 13 and the first photomultiplier 2 and the second photomultiplier 3.
The principle of work of the present embodiment is: the pulse laser that laser instrument 14 sends, first by primary event mirror 4 and secondary reflection mirror 5, regulate, through the first diaphragm 6 and the second diaphragm 7, then from one end of incident high reflective mirror 8, be coupled into optical cavity 1, because the reflectivity of optical cavity 1 is high, laser is vibration back and forth in optical cavity 1, there is certain transmission in eyeglass simultaneously, laser intensity meeting slow decreasing, swings thereby form to decline in optical cavity 1, and light intensity is along with the variation of time is single index decay.Can by the first photomultiplier 2 of transmission high reflective mirror 9 rear ends, detect the variation of transmitted light, reflect the variation tendency of light in optical cavity 1, the speed swinging that declines can be weighed with ring-down time, and ring-down time is larger, and optical attenuation is slower; Otherwise ring-down time is less, optical attenuation is faster; If there is delustring medium in optical cavity 1, as gasoloid, the decay of laser will be accelerated, and is reflected as ring-down time and diminishes, and by the ring-down time measuring, can calculate the extinction coefficient of cavity medium.In real work, by aspiration pump 12, provide gas circuit power, order about testing sample gas and constantly enter into instrument, measure.By electric T-shaped valve 11, switch by sample gas and the background gas after filter 10 filters, record respectively the extinction coefficient when comprising gasoloid and not containing gasoloid, both subtract each other, and can obtain aerocolloidal extinction coefficient.Simultaneously, the second photomultiplier 3 that is arranged in optical cavity 1 side can detect the aerocolloidal scattered light situation of change of optical cavity 1, the proportional relation of light intensity in scattered light and optical cavity 1, the ratio of scattered light and incident light is scattering coefficient, and the transmitted light that the first photomultiplier 2 detects and the light intensity in optical cavity 1 are also proportional, can first calculate like this ratio of the light intensity that the second photomultiplier 3 and the first photomultiplier 2 detect, then test and accurately obtain aerocolloidal scattering coefficient by correction.In process, the Power supply and control of all electronic units completes by governor circuit 15, and the electric signal of the first photomultiplier 2 and the second photomultiplier 3 is gathered, is transferred to host computer after digitizing again by data collecting card 13, carries out data processing.
The method of this spectrometer and detection is owing to not being subject to the impact of the intensity of light source, and equivalent optical path length, has the feature highly sensitive, detectability is low.
The present embodiment can obtain aerocolloidal extinction coefficient and scattering coefficient simultaneously, further the key parameter of the optical properties of aerosol such as aerocolloidal absorption coefficient and single scattering albedo can be calculated, the use value of instrument, the range of application of expansion instrument can be greatly improved.
The above is the preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it does not form limiting the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a laser optical cavity ring-down spectrometer that simultaneously detects aerosol extinction and scattering coefficient, comprise light path system, detection system and air-channel system, it is characterized in that: described light path system comprises light source and receives the optical cavity (1) of light source output light, described detection system comprises data processing equipment and the first photomultiplier (2) being connected with data processing equipment signal respectively, the second photomultiplier (3), described the first photomultiplier (2) is for the detection of optical cavity (1) transmitted light and be positioned at optical cavity (1) output terminal, described the second photomultiplier (3) stretches into optical cavity (1) for scattered light integral measurement and from optical cavity (1) side, described air-channel system is periodically optical cavity (1) sampling gas or background gas.
2. the laser optical cavity ring-down spectrometer that simultaneously detects aerosol extinction and scattering coefficient according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described the second photomultiplier (3) is perpendicular to the optical path direction in optical cavity (1) and be positioned at the middle part of optical cavity (1) light path side.
3. the laser optical cavity ring-down spectrometer that simultaneously detects aerosol extinction and scattering coefficient according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described light path system comprises gatherer, described gatherer is positioned between light source and optical cavity (1), light source is exported to light and import in optical cavity (1).
4. the laser optical cavity ring-down spectrometer that simultaneously detects aerosol extinction and scattering coefficient according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described gatherer comprises primary event mirror (4), secondary reflection mirror (5), the first diaphragm (6) and the second diaphragm (7), light is first adjusted beam direction after the reflection of primary event mirror (4) and secondary reflection mirror (5), again successively by the first diaphragm (6) and the second diaphragm (7) to adjust beam diameter, finally enter optical cavity (1).
5. according to time described in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, detect the laser optical cavity ring-down spectrometer of aerosol extinction and scattering coefficient, it is characterized in that: described optical cavity (1) comprises perpendicular to the incident high reflective mirror (8) of optical path direction and transmission high reflective mirror (9), described incident high reflective mirror (8) and transmission high reflective mirror (9) are plano-concave mirror, wherein each concave surface plates high-reflecting film, each concave surface is installed relatively, and light passes from incident high reflective mirror (8) and transmission high reflective mirror (9) center.
6. according to time described in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, detect the laser optical cavity ring-down spectrometer of aerosol extinction and scattering coefficient, it is characterized in that: described air-channel system comprises feeder and the air extractor that connects respectively optical cavity (1), described feeder comprises sample gas circuit and the background gas circuit being connected in parallel, and the input end of described sample gas circuit and background gas circuit is connected to gas circuit selected cell.
7. the laser optical cavity ring-down spectrometer that simultaneously detects aerosol extinction and scattering coefficient according to claim 6, is characterized in that: in described background gas circuit, be connected to filtrator (10).
8. the laser optical cavity ring-down spectrometer that simultaneously detects aerosol extinction and scattering coefficient according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described gas circuit selected cell is electric T-shaped valve (11), two outlets of described electric T-shaped valve (11) connect respectively sample gas circuit and background gas circuit, and entrance connects gas to be measured.
9. the laser optical cavity ring-down spectrometer that simultaneously detects aerosol extinction and scattering coefficient according to claim 6, is characterized in that: described air extractor is aspiration pump (12), and described aspiration pump (12) provides power for optical cavity (1) air inlet.
10. according to time described in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4, detect the laser optical cavity ring-down spectrometer of aerosol extinction and scattering coefficient, it is characterized in that: described data processing equipment comprises that minute level signal connects the data collecting card (13) of the first photomultiplier (2) and the second photomultiplier (3), described data collecting card (13) connects host computer.
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| CN104729998A (en) * | 2015-02-27 | 2015-06-24 | 浙江省计量科学研究院 | Atmosphere visibility measurement device based on optical cavity ring down spectroscopy technology |
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| CN108426850A (en) * | 2018-04-04 | 2018-08-21 | 中国计量科学研究院 | CO in a kind of absolute measurement air2The frequency stabilization cavity ring-down spectroscopy instrument of content |
| CN108896449A (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2018-11-27 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A kind of aerosol synchronized measurement system |
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| CN111208043A (en) * | 2020-01-16 | 2020-05-29 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | System and method for synchronously measuring moisture absorption growth factors of multiple optical parameters of aerosol |
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