CN107866567B - The more laser of large format based on powder bed increasing material manufacturing become junction scan method - Google Patents

The more laser of large format based on powder bed increasing material manufacturing become junction scan method Download PDF

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CN107866567B
CN107866567B CN201610857847.0A CN201610857847A CN107866567B CN 107866567 B CN107866567 B CN 107866567B CN 201610857847 A CN201610857847 A CN 201610857847A CN 107866567 B CN107866567 B CN 107866567B
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overlap
laser
material manufacturing
diagonal line
increasing material
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CN107866567A (en
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李怀学
巩水利
黄柏颖
胡全栋
孙帆
丁利
王玉岱
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AVIC Manufacturing Technology Institute
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/44—Radiation means characterised by the configuration of the radiation means
    • B22F12/45—Two or more
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Abstract

The more laser of large format based on powder bed increasing material manufacturing become junction scan method, it is characterized in that: including the following steps, the first step, region division, second step are carried out to the large format double excitation working face based on powder bed increasing material manufacturing, diagonal line is rotated around central point, angle is rotated to change with the model number of plies and change, third step carries out slicing delamination to the 3D model of components according to the thickness parameter of selective laser fusing increasing material manufacturing process requirements, and each synusia is numbered；Using the technical solution, large format scanning filling is realized by more laser in combination, multi-model layer inner region scan path and parameter designing function are realized simultaneously, effectively solve the structural homogenity and the key technology difficulties such as stress and deformation of the drip molding in selective laser fusing formation cylinder center and peripheral region, it is ensured that the structural homogenity of the drip molding in formation cylinder center and peripheral region.

Description

The more laser of large format based on powder bed increasing material manufacturing become junction scan method
Technical field
The present invention relates to selective lasers to melt increases material manufacturing technology field, specifically based on powder bed increasing material manufacturing The more laser of large format become junction scan method.
Background technique
Selective laser fusing increases material manufacturing technology is a kind of advanced manufacturing technology based on discrete dynamics models forming thought, is not necessarily to Mold is with high brightness laser by the way that part 3D model is separated into a series of orderly micron dimension thin layers in a certain direction Heat source successively melts metal powder according to every layer of profile information, directly produces the part of arbitrarily complicated shape, it is only necessary to be heat-treated With surface finishing part；The features such as with manufacturing process is greatly decreased, shortens the production cycle, saves material and funds；For The fast verification advanced technology that the high-end equipment in China and product development provide a kind of quick response and accurately manufacture is navigated in aviation It, the active services model technology upgrading such as nuclear industry, automobile, weapons have broad application prospects, apply also for electronic device, life China strategy new industry field such as object implantation, energy.
As the size that metal laser selective melting increases material Prototyping Metal Parts is increasing, formation cylinder center and peripheral area The drip molding in domain is because of laser focusing distance and incident angle difference, and structural homogenity, stress and deformation etc. are asked in forming process Topic, which becomes, restricts the integrally formed manufacturing technology problem of large-scale part.
Patent document CN104001915A disclose a kind of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing large scale metal parts equipment and Its control method.Using when conventional laser/electron beam selective melting technology process component because " waiting caused by fore-put powder bed Time ", to significantly improve the forming efficiency of high energy beam increasing material manufacturing, but for deformation in large-scale part forming process and surely Qualitative question does not illustrate how that design large format synusia scan method, Deformation control cooperate with control with multiple f- θ focusing systems System, and more f- θ focusing system Collaborative Controls are difficult and at high cost.
When large area scanning, due to optical path beat, the beam energy density difference of central area and fringe region is larger, side Edge drape forming effect is poor.To realize the manufacture of large-scale part laser gain material, it is necessary to solve the collaboration in more laser lap regions Control and a wide range of line beat and system control technique.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to solve the problems, such as the above technology, and provides be based on powder bed increasing material manufacturing thus The more laser of large format become junction scan methods.
The more laser of large format based on powder bed increasing material manufacturing become junction scan method, include the following steps:
The first step carries out region division to the large format double excitation working face based on powder bed increasing material manufacturing；
Second step, diagonal line are rotated around central point, and rotation angle changes with the model number of plies and changed；
Third step carries out the 3D model of components according to the thickness parameter of selective laser fusing increasing material manufacturing process requirements Slicing delamination, and each synusia is numbered.
Further, region division includes that the scanning range of laser scanning head is square region, in laser scanning head Heart point is respectively PC1 and PC2, and the distance between PC1 and PC2 two o'clock is S, and overlap is JM12 and JM12 is rectangular area, is taken The width for meeting area is Qs.
Further, the boundary line of overlap is the scanning boundary line of laser scanning head, cornerwise angle of overlap For two critical values of the cornerwise rotation angle of overlap, and meet following relationship:
S=D-Qs (1)
tanA1=D/Qs=D/ (D-S) (2)
Tan (180-A2)=D/ (D-S) (3)
A1=arctan(D/( D-S)) (4)
A2=180-arctan(D/(D-S)) (5)
Wherein, S is the side of the distance between central point of two laser scanning heads, the scanning area that D is laser scanning head Long, Qs is width, the A of overlap1And A2It is cornerwise angle of overlap.
Further, by the way that every synusia and its segmented areas are numbered, first according to working region dividing method, lead to The cornerwise rotation angle of adjustment overlap is crossed, overlap line of demarcation is changed.
Further, PC12 is the central point of overlap, and C12 be the diagonal line rotated with overlap central point, CL12 with CL21 is respectively the scanning boundary line of laser scanning head, the i.e. boundary line of overlap, and the angle of A1 and A2 are respectively overlap Cornerwise angle.
Further, when diagonal line is rotated around central point, rotation angle is A1≤α≤A2When, diagonal line and overlap Two borderline regions it is non-intersecting when, cut-off rule of the laser scanning head according to diagonal line as overlap is split.
Further, when diagonal line intersects with two borderline regions of overlap, two sides of diagonal line and overlap The joint boundary line in battery limit (BL) domain is divided, as rotation angle [alpha]≤A1When, it is carried out according to the intersection point sequence of CL21, C12, CL12 Seek cut-off rule of the intersection as overlap.
Further, rotation angle is α >=A2When, it carries out asking intersection conduct according to the intersection point sequence of CL12, C12, CL21 The cut-off rule of overlap.
Further, when three laser scanning overlap joints carry out selective laser fusing scanning, two overlaps are rule Rectangular region, the overlapping regions of laser scanning head are two, and one of overlap is the region JM12, two of the region JM2 Borderline region is CL12 and CL21, diagonal line C12, central point PC12, another overlap is the region JM23, the region JM23 Two borderline regions for the overlapping regions of laser scanning head LS2 and LS3, the region JM23 are CL23 and CL32, diagonal line are C23, the central point region PC23, JM12 and JM23 are respectively A1 and A2 by the angle of the diagonal line C12 and C23 that pinpoint, right Linea angulata C12 and C23 is rotated rotating around central point PC12 and P23.
Further, diagonal line is rotated around central point, and rotation angle is 0~180 degree, the filling mode root of overlap Change according to the variation of different synusia serial numbers and rotation angle.
Advantages of the present invention:
1, by more laser in combination realize large format scanning filling, while realize multi-model layer inner region scan path and Parameter designing function；
2, effectively solve the structural homogenity and stress of the drip molding in selective laser fusing formation cylinder center and peripheral region And the key technology difficulties such as deformation, it is ensured that the structural homogenity of the drip molding in formation cylinder center and peripheral region.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structure schematic diagram of bidifly optical scanning；
Fig. 2 is the structure schematic diagram of bidifly optical scanning overlap；
Fig. 3 is the structure schematic diagram of A2 angle；
Fig. 4 is the structure schematic diagram of overlap cut-off rule；
Fig. 5 is the principle simplified schematic diagram of three selective lasers fusing forming overlap；
Fig. 6 is the structure schematic diagram of three selective lasers fusing forming overlap cut-off rule；
Fig. 7 is the structure schematic diagram of identical partitions filling overlap diagonal line rotation 84.26 °≤α≤95.74 ° of angle；
Fig. 8 is the structure schematic diagram of identical partitions filling overlap diagonal line rotation angle [alpha]≤84.26 °；
Fig. 9 is the structure schematic diagram of identical partitions filling overlap diagonal line rotation angle [alpha] >=95.74 °.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the present invention be easier to be understood, below in conjunction with attached drawing and embodiment to technical solution of the present invention It is described in detail.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figs 1-4, the more laser of large format based on powder bed increasing material manufacturing become junction scan method, including walk as follows It is rapid:
The first step carries out region division to the large format double excitation working face based on powder bed increasing material manufacturing；
Second step, diagonal line C12 are rotated around central point PC12, and rotation angle changes with the model number of plies and changed；
Third step carries out the 3D model of components according to the thickness parameter of selective laser fusing increasing material manufacturing process requirements Slicing delamination, and each synusia is numbered.
Wherein, it is the square area that side length is D that region division, which includes the scanning range of laser scanning head LS1 and LS2, is swashed The central point of optical scanning head LS1 and LS2 are respectively PC1 and PC2, and the distance between PC1 and PC2 two o'clock is S, overlap JM12 And JM12 is rectangular area, the width of overlap JM12 is Qs.
The boundary line CL12 and CL21 of overlap JM12 are respectively the scanning boundary line of laser scanning head LS1 and LS2, overlap joint Cornerwise angle of area JM12 is that A1 and A2, A1 and A2 are respectively two of rotation angle of overlap JM12 diagonal line C12 Critical value, and meet following relationship:
S=D-Qs (1)
tanA1=D/Qs=D/ (D-S) (2)
Tan (180-A2)=D/ (D-S) (3)
A1=arctan(D/( D-S)) (4)
A2=180-arctan(D/(D-S)) (5)
Wherein, S is the side of the distance between central point of two laser scanning heads, the scanning area that D is laser scanning head Long, Qs is width, the A of overlap1And A2It is cornerwise angle of overlap.
By the way that every synusia and its segmented areas are numbered, first according to working region dividing method, by adjusting taking The rotation angle of area JM12 diagonal line C12 is connect, the line of demarcation overlap JM12 is changed.
PC12 is the central point of overlap JM12, and C12 be the diagonal line rotated with overlap JM12 central point, CL12 with CL21 is respectively the scanning boundary line of laser scanning head LS1 and LS2, the i.e. boundary line of overlap JM12, the angle point of A1 and A2 Not Wei overlap JM12 diagonal line C12 angle.
As shown in fig. 7, rotation angle is 84.26 °≤α≤95.74 ° when diagonal line C12 is rotated around central point PC12 When, when two borderline region CL12 and CL21 non-intersecting of diagonal line C12 and overlap, laser scanning head LS1 and LS2 according to Diagonal line C12 is split as the cut-off rule of overlap JM12.
Embodiment 2
As shown in Figs 1-4, the more laser of large format based on powder bed increasing material manufacturing become junction scan method, including walk as follows It is rapid:
The first step carries out region division to the large format double excitation working face based on powder bed increasing material manufacturing；
Second step, diagonal line C12 are rotated around central point PC12, and rotation angle changes with the model number of plies and changed；
Third step carries out the 3D model of components according to the thickness parameter of selective laser fusing increasing material manufacturing process requirements Slicing delamination, and each synusia is numbered.
Wherein, region division includes that the scanning range of laser scanning head LS1 and LS2 are square region, laser scanning head The central point of LS1 and LS2 is respectively PC1 and PC2, and the distance between PC1 and PC2 two o'clock is S, and overlap is JM12 and JM12 is Rectangular area, the width of overlap are Qs.
The boundary line of overlap JM12 is the scanning boundary line of laser scanning head LS1 and LS2, the diagonal line of overlap JM12 The angle of C12 is two critical values of the rotation angle of overlap JM12 diagonal line C12, and meets following relationship:
S=D-Qs (1)
tanA1=D/Qs=D/ (D-S) (2)
Tan (180-A2)=D/ (D-S) (3)
A1=arctan(D/( D-S)) (4)
A2=180-arctan(D/(D-S)) (5)。
By the way that every synusia and its segmented areas are numbered, first according to working region dividing method, by adjusting taking The rotation angle of area JM12 diagonal line C12 is connect, the line of demarcation overlap JM12 is changed.
PC12 is the central point of overlap JM12, and C12 is the diagonal line rotated with overlap JM12 central point PC12, CL12 It is respectively the scanning boundary line of laser scanning head LS1 and LS2, the i.e. boundary line of overlap JM12, the angle of A1 and A2 with CL21 The respectively angle of the diagonal line C12 of overlap JM12.
As shown in figure 8, when diagonal line C12 intersects with two borderline regions of overlap JM12, diagonal line C12 and overlap joint The joint boundary line of two borderline regions of area JM12 is divided, when rotating angle [alpha]≤84.26 °, double excitation selective melting (n-1)th layer of line of demarcation overlap JM12 of forming and subregion filling, the line of demarcation of overlap JM12 are according to CL21, C12, CL12 Intersection point sequence carry out the cut-off rule for asking intersection as overlap JM12.
Embodiment 3
As shown in Figs 1-4, the more laser of large format based on powder bed increasing material manufacturing become junction scan method, including walk as follows It is rapid:
The first step carries out region division to the large format double excitation working face based on powder bed increasing material manufacturing；
Second step, diagonal line C12 are rotated around central point PC12, and rotation angle changes with the model number of plies and changed；
Third step carries out the 3D model of components according to the thickness parameter of selective laser fusing increasing material manufacturing process requirements Slicing delamination, and each synusia is numbered.
Wherein, region division includes that the scanning range of laser scanning head LS1 and LS2 are square region, laser scanning head The central point of LS1 and LS2 is respectively PC1 and PC2, and the distance between PC1 and PC2 two o'clock is S, and overlap is JM12 and JM12 is Rectangular area, the width of overlap are Qs.
The boundary line of overlap JM12 is the scanning boundary line of laser scanning head LS1 and LS2, the diagonal line of overlap JM12 The angle of C12 is two critical values of the rotation angle of overlap JM12 diagonal line C12, and meets following relationship:
S=D-Qs (1)
tanA1=D/Qs=D/ (D-S) (2)
Tan (180-A2)=D/ (D-S) (3)
A1=arctan(D/( D-S)) (4)
A2=180-arctan(D/(D-S)) (5)。
By the way that every synusia and its segmented areas are numbered, first according to working region dividing method, by adjusting taking The rotation angle of area JM12 diagonal line C12 is connect, the line of demarcation overlap JM12 is changed.
PC12 is the central point of overlap JM12, and C12 is the diagonal line rotated with overlap JM12 central point PC12, CL12 It is respectively the scanning boundary line of laser scanning head LS1 and LS2, the i.e. boundary line of overlap JM12, the angle of A1 and A2 with CL21 The respectively angle of the diagonal line C12 of overlap JM12.
As shown in figure 9, when rotation angle is α >=95.74 °, the overlap JM12 (n+1)th of double excitation selective melting forming Layer line of demarcation and subregion filling, the line of demarcation of overlap JM12 are to carry out seeking intersection according to the intersection point sequence of CL12, C12, CL21 Cut-off rule as overlap JM12.
Embodiment 4
As shown in Figs 1-4, the more laser of large format based on powder bed increasing material manufacturing become junction scan method, including walk as follows It is rapid:
The first step carries out region division to the large format double excitation working face based on powder bed increasing material manufacturing；
Second step, diagonal line C12 are rotated around central point PC12, and rotation angle changes with the model number of plies and changed；
Third step carries out the 3D model of components according to the thickness parameter of selective laser fusing increasing material manufacturing process requirements Slicing delamination, and each synusia is numbered.
Wherein, region division includes that the scanning range of laser scanning head LS1 and LS2 are square region, laser scanning head The central point of LS1 and LS2 is respectively PC1 and PC2, and the distance between PC1 and PC2 two o'clock is S, and overlap is JM12 and JM12 is Rectangular area, the width of overlap are Qs.
The boundary line of overlap JM12 is the scanning boundary line of laser scanning head LS1 and LS2, the diagonal line of overlap JM12 The angle of C12 is two critical values of the rotation angle of overlap JM12 diagonal line C12, and meets following relationship:
S=D-Qs (1)
tanA1=D/Qs=D/ (D-S) (2)
Tan (180-A2)=D/ (D-S) (3)
A1=arctan(D/( D-S)) (4)
A2=180-arctan(D/(D-S)) (5)。
By the way that every synusia and its segmented areas are numbered, first according to working region dividing method, by adjusting taking The rotation angle of area JM12 diagonal line C12 is connect, the line of demarcation overlap JM12 is changed.
PC12 is the central point of overlap JM12, and C12 is the diagonal line rotated with overlap JM12 central point PC12, CL12 It is respectively the scanning boundary line of laser scanning head LS1 and LS2, the i.e. boundary line of overlap JM12, the angle of A1 and A2 with CL21 The respectively angle of the diagonal line C12 of overlap JM12.
As seen in figs. 5-6, when three laser scanning overlap joints carry out selective laser fusing scanning, laser scanning head LS1 and LS2 And the overlapping regions of LS3 is two, one of overlap is the region JM12, two borderline regions in the region JM2 be CL12 and CL21, diagonal line C12, central point PC12, another overlap are the region JM23, and the region JM23 is laser scanning head LS2 With the overlapping regions of LS3, two overlaps are regular oblong region, two borderline regions in the region JM23 be CL23 and The angle point that CL32, diagonal line C23, the central point region PC23, JM12 and JM23 pass through the diagonal line C12 and C23 of fixed point Not Wei A1 and A2, diagonal line C12 and C23 rotated rotating around central point PC12 and P23.
Diagonal line C12 is rotated around central point PC12, and rotation angle is 0~180 degree, the filling mode of overlap according to Different synusia serial numbers changes with the variation for rotating angle.
According to above content, it is big that technical field personnel can effectively be applied to more laser such as four laser and five laser Breadth Collaborative Manufacturing, greatly improved forming efficiency, effectively solves forming process tissue and defect and stress and deformation etc. are crucial Problem realizes large-scale part selective laser fusing monolithic molding manufacture.

Claims (5)

1. the more laser of large format based on powder bed increasing material manufacturing become junction scan method, it is characterised in that: include the following steps,
The first step carries out region division to the large format double excitation working face based on powder bed increasing material manufacturing, determines two neighboring The rectangular area of the scanning range overlapping of laser scanning head is as overlap；
The diagonal line of second step, overlap is rotated around the central point of overlap, using postrotational diagonal line as cut-off rule, Or using the obtuse angle broken line that the boundary line of postrotational diagonal line and overlap is constituted as cut-off rule；Wherein, cornerwise rotation Gyration will change with the number of plies of the current layer of the 3D model of components and be changed；
Third step is sliced the 3D model of components according to the thickness parameter of selective laser fusing increasing material manufacturing process requirements Layering, and each synusia is numbered；
4th step, according to the region division of large format double excitation working face, two adjacent laser scanning heads are to the every of 3D model One synusia is split scanning with the corresponding cut-off rule of the synusia.
2. the more laser of the large format according to claim 1 based on powder bed increasing material manufacturing become junction scan method, special Sign is: region division includes that the scanning range of laser scanning head is square region, between the central point of laser scanning head Distance is S, and overlap is rectangular area, and the width of overlap is Qs.
3. the more laser of the large format according to claim 1 based on powder bed increasing material manufacturing become junction scan method, special Sign is: by the way that every synusia and its segmented areas are numbered, first according to working region dividing method, by adjusting overlap joint The rotation angle that the diagonal line in area is rotated around the central point of overlap changes cut-off rule.
4. the more laser of the large format according to claim 3 based on powder bed increasing material manufacturing become junction scan method, special Sign is: when the diagonal line of overlap is rotated around the central point of overlap, rotation angle is A1≤α≤A2When, after rotation Diagonal line as cut-off rule；Wherein A1And A2Connect for the scanning range center of the diagonal line of overlap and two laser scanning heads Angle between line, and A1And A2Supplementary angle each other.
5. the more laser of the large format according to claim 4 based on powder bed increasing material manufacturing become junction scan method, special Sign is: when the diagonal line of overlap is rotated around the central point of overlap, as rotation angle [alpha]≤A1Or α >=A2When, with rotation Cut-off rule of the obtuse angle broken line that the boundary line of diagonal line and overlap after turning is constituted as overlap.
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