CN107759174A - 一种利用碳酸化预养护钢渣制备人工鱼礁混凝土的方法 - Google Patents
一种利用碳酸化预养护钢渣制备人工鱼礁混凝土的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于建材领域，具体涉及一种利用碳酸化预养护钢渣制备人工鱼礁混凝土的方法。技术方案如下：包括如下步骤：1)将钢渣破碎、粉磨、分级制备出钢渣粉和钢渣细骨料；2)将所述钢渣粉和钢渣细骨料分别与水混合均匀，在碳酸化反应釜中进行预养护；按质量计，钢渣粉：水＝1：0.05‑3，钢渣细骨料：水＝1：0.05‑3；3)碳酸化预养护后的钢渣粉与水泥混合为胶凝材料，按质量计，碳酸化预养护后的钢渣粉：水泥＝5‑70：30‑95；碳酸化预养护后的钢渣细骨料与砂子混合为细骨料，按质量计，碳酸化预养护后的钢渣细骨料：砂子＝5‑50：50‑95；4)将所述胶凝材料和细骨料与水混合后浇注成型制备出人工鱼礁混凝土。本发明操作简单，固碳、利废、经济环保。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于建材领域，具体涉及一种利用碳酸化预养护钢渣制备人工鱼礁混凝土的方法。
背景技术
人工鱼礁模仿了天然珊瑚礁的功能，不仅具有聚鱼效果，还具有显著的净化海水、恢复海岸带生态系统的功能。人工鱼礁混凝土构筑物以其耐腐蚀性强，对鱼类的诱集效果好等特点在沿海地区得到了广泛的应用。但普通硅酸盐水泥制备的人工鱼礁混凝土碱性较强，不利于藻类的附着和鱼类的增殖。钢渣是粗钢冶炼过程中产生的一种废渣，约占粗钢产量的15％左右，但我国钢渣利用率低，仅为20％，大量的钢渣堆存对土壤、环境、水资源等造成了极大的污染。为了解决水泥基人工鱼礁混凝土的缺陷同时为了达到节能减排的目标，可以将钢渣应用在人工鱼礁工程中。但钢渣中含有较高的游离氧化钙和游离氧化镁，会造成混凝土体积安定性不良，同时钢渣中含有Pb，Cr，Cd等重金属，可能会对海洋环境造成潜在的生态危害。
专利CN105693168A涉及一种用于建造人工鱼礁的高强度钢渣混凝土，采用钢渣作为混凝土骨料，其中普通硅酸盐水泥熟料：400份-450份；废钢渣：1200份-1500份；干燥河砂：580份-620份；水：185份-200份；外加剂：25份-35份。专利CN 103159448A将采用热闷法工艺处理的钢渣按照粒径分别用于粗、细骨料和胶凝材料原料。上述两个专利中钢渣均是作为粗、细骨料，但钢渣中游离氧化钙、游离氧化镁分布不均匀尤其易包裹在大颗粒中，因此用钢渣做骨料易导致体积安定性不良。专利CN 103833322 A提出了一种利用钢渣泥和建筑垃圾生产混凝土人工鱼礁的方法：利用钢渣泥，矿渣超微细粉脱硫石膏，建筑垃圾粗骨料，建筑垃圾细骨料来制备混凝土，该方法虽然利用固体废弃物，但混凝土强度较低。专利CN200910076730利用钢渣粉和矿渣粉作为胶凝材料，通过高温养护制备人工鱼礁混凝土，工艺繁琐，且强度相对较低。同时上述专利均未考虑到Pb，Cr，Cd等重金属可能会对海洋环境造成的潜在生态危害。
发明内容
本发明提供一种利用碳酸化预养护钢渣制备人工鱼礁混凝土的方法，操作简单，固碳、利废、经济环保。
本发明的技术方案如下：
一种利用碳酸化预养护钢渣制备人工鱼礁混凝土的方法，包括如下步骤：
1)将钢渣破碎、粉磨、分级制备出钢渣粉和钢渣细骨料；其中钢渣粉粒度小于150μm，钢渣细骨料粒径为0.15mm-4.75mm；
2)将所述钢渣粉和钢渣细骨料分别与水混合均匀，在碳酸化反应釜中进行预养护；按质量计，钢渣粉：水＝1：0.05-3，钢渣细骨料：水＝1：0.05-3；
3)碳酸化预养护后的钢渣粉与水泥混合为胶凝材料，按质量计，碳酸化预养护后的钢渣粉：水泥＝5-70：30-95；碳酸化预养护后的钢渣细骨料与砂子混合为细骨料，按质量计，碳酸化预养护后的钢渣细骨料：砂子＝5-50：50-95；
4)将所述胶凝材料和细骨料与水混合后浇注成型制备出人工鱼礁混凝土。
所述的利用碳酸化预养护钢渣制备人工鱼礁混凝土的方法，所述步骤2)中，碳酸化反应釜中进行预养护的技术参数为：气体压力为1-20bar，CO2浓度不小于15％，温度为15-150℃，养护时间为1min-24h。
所述的利用碳酸化预养护钢渣制备人工鱼礁混凝土的方法，所述步骤4)中，还加入粗骨料和/或外加剂。
所述的利用碳酸化预养护钢渣制备人工鱼礁混凝土的方法，其优选方案为，人工鱼礁混凝土包括如下组份，按质量份数计，胶凝材料420-480份，细骨料460-1540份，粗骨料970-1100份，水180-300份，外加剂1.5-6份。
所述的利用碳酸化预养护钢渣制备人工鱼礁混凝土的方法，其中所述粗骨料为石子，所述外加剂为脱硫石膏和/或聚羧酸高性能减水剂；所述钢渣为转炉、平炉或电弧炉炼钢过程中各阶段排放的钢渣，CO2为工业尾气。
所述的利用碳酸化预养护钢渣制备人工鱼礁混凝土的方法，其优选方案为，所的碳酸化反应釜中设有螺旋搅拌器，用于对物料进行搅拌。
本发明的有益效果为：1)能够制备出安全、可靠的人工鱼礁混凝土材料，并且能够进一步降低混凝土的碱度；2)大量利用工业废弃物钢渣，吸收CO2，缓解温室效应；3)能够降低钢渣中Pb，Cr，Cd，Cu，Ni等重金属的溶出，减少对海水的污染；4)对磷酸盐和硝酸盐有良好的去除效果，能够有效治理海水富营养化的问题；5)本发明工艺流程简单，操作方便，成本低，有显著的环境效益、经济效益和社会效益。
具体实施方式
一种利用碳酸化预养护钢渣制备人工鱼礁混凝土的方法，首先将钢渣破碎、粉磨、分级制备出粒径＜150mm的钢渣粉和细度模数为2.8的钢渣细骨料。将钢渣粉与水混合均匀，质量比为钢渣粉：水＝1:0.1，在碳酸化反应釜中进行预养护，CO2浓度为50％，气体压力为2bar，碳酸化养护温度为25℃，养护时间为10min。将钢渣细骨料与水混合均匀，质量比为钢渣细骨料：水＝1：2，在碳酸化反应釜中进行预养护，同时对物料进行搅拌，CO2浓度为100％，气体压力为6bar，碳酸化养护温度为60℃，养护时间为6h。对碳酸化预养护后的钢渣粉和钢渣细骨料进行干燥处理。人工鱼礁混凝土包括如下组份，按质量份数计，水泥210份，碳酸化预养护后的钢渣粉210份，砂子630份，碳酸化预养护后的钢渣细骨料630份，水180份。配制人工鱼礁混凝土后，置于温度为20±1℃，相对湿度为95％的养护室内养护至3d，7d和28d之后对抗压强度进行测试。同时制备25mm×25mm×180mm的试块，对在标准条件下养护28d的样品进行压蒸安定性测试，如表1所示，经过3h的压蒸安定性测试之后，试块表面完好无损，膨胀率为0.6‰。对碳酸化养护前后的钢渣粉重金属溶出量进行测试，如表2所示，经过碳酸化养护，钢渣中重金属浸析浓度大大减小，能够减小对海水的污染。
表1抗压强度
| 时间(d) | 3 | 7 | 28 |
| 抗压强度(MPa) | 16.8 | 22.3 | 37.5 |
表2重金属浸析浓度
Claims (6)
1.一种利用碳酸化预养护钢渣制备人工鱼礁混凝土的方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
1)将钢渣破碎、粉磨、分级制备出钢渣粉和钢渣细骨料；其中钢渣粉粒度小于150μm，钢渣细骨料粒径为0.15mm-4.75mm；
2)将所述钢渣粉和钢渣细骨料分别与水混合均匀，在碳酸化反应釜中进行预养护；按质量计，钢渣粉：水＝1：0.05-3，钢渣细骨料：水＝1：0.05-3；
3)碳酸化预养护后的钢渣粉与水泥混合为胶凝材料，按质量计，碳酸化预养护后的钢渣粉：水泥＝5-70：30-95；碳酸化预养护后的钢渣细骨料与砂子混合为细骨料，按质量计，碳酸化预养护后的钢渣细骨料：砂子＝5-50：50-95；
4)将所述胶凝材料和细骨料与水混合后浇注成型制备出人工鱼礁混凝土。
2.根据权利要求1所述的利用碳酸化预养护钢渣制备人工鱼礁混凝土的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2)中，碳酸化反应釜中进行预养护的技术参数为：气体压力为1-20bar，CO2浓度不小于15％，温度为15-150℃，养护时间为1min-24h。
3.根据权利要求1所述的利用碳酸化预养护钢渣制备人工鱼礁混凝土的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤4)中，还加入粗骨料和/或外加剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的利用碳酸化预养护钢渣制备人工鱼礁混凝土的方法，其特征在于，人工鱼礁混凝土包括如下组份，按质量份数计，胶凝材料420-480份，细骨料460-1540份，粗骨料970-1100份，水180-300份，外加剂1.5-6份。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的利用碳酸化预养护钢渣制备人工鱼礁混凝土的方法，其特征在于，所述粗骨料为石子，所述外加剂为脱硫石膏和/或聚羧酸高性能减水剂。
6.根据权利要求1所述的利用碳酸化预养护钢渣制备人工鱼礁混凝土的方法，其特征在于，所的碳酸化反应釜中设有螺旋搅拌器，用于对物料进行搅拌。
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| CN115872650A (zh) * | 2022-12-31 | 2023-03-31 | 北京化工大学 | 碳化改性钢渣粉体的制备方法、碳化改性钢渣粉体和水泥基胶凝材料活性掺合料 |
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