CN107748354B - Broadband digital beam forming device based on analysis and synthesis - Google Patents
Broadband digital beam forming device based on analysis and synthesis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a broadband digital beam forming device based on analysis and synthesis, wherein a digital channelization module respectively carries out channelization processing on radar signals of a plurality of input array elements, the radar signals acquired at high speed are uniformly distributed to sub-band channels of a sub-band digital beam forming module to be simultaneously processed, the sub-band digital beam forming module carries out sub-band beam forming on the same channel of each array element, if K channels exist, N beams are required to be formed, the sub-band digital beam forming module outputs beam sample points of N × K channels, and a channel synthesis module carries out channel synthesis on different sub-band signals of the same beam processed by the sub-band digital beam forming module to complete broadband digital beam forming. The invention has the following advantages: the occupied hardware resource is less, the engineering realization is easy, the signal waveform after the broadband wave beam formation can not be distorted, and the requirements of the subsequent signal processing parameter measurement and analysis are met.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of broadband beam forming, in particular to a broadband digital beam forming device based on channel analysis and channel synthesis in an electronic signal reconnaissance system.
Background
The digital beam forming technology is one of the key technologies in the phased array system, and directly influences the performance of the system. At present, narrow-band digital beam forming technology is widely applied to traditional phased array systems. However, for electronic signal reconnaissance systems, the system bandwidth is wider and wider, and the traditional narrow-band beam forming is not applicable any more, so that the broadband digital beam forming technology is required to be adopted in the broadband system. Meanwhile, the electronic signal reconnaissance system requires the characteristics of time domain, space domain and frequency domain wide-open, and the broadband digital beam forming is one of the key technologies for meeting the characteristics. Therefore, it is of great significance to study wideband digital beamforming.
The wideband digital beam forming method is mainly divided into time domain, frequency domain and space domain methods. The time domain broadband wave beam forming adopts a tap delay line group structure or an FIR filter group structure, needs a tap delay line with longer length or an FIR filter with higher order, and has high hardware complexity. The spatial-domain beam forming technology is developed on the basis of a sector filter, the number of required array elements is large, and the computational complexity of an improved algorithm is high. The frequency domain broadband beam forming has lower requirements on the front end of the system and is more suitable for engineering realization. The idea is that a DFT is used to divide a broadband signal into a plurality of frequency cabinets, narrowband wave beam forming is carried out on each narrowband frequency cabinet, and finally a broadband wave beam forming time domain result is obtained by inverse DFT operation. Frequency domain broadband beamforming based on DFT after inverse DFT, broadband signal waveforms are distorted, causing adverse effects on signal processing after beamforming.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a broadband digital beam forming device based on analysis and synthesis, which overcomes the problem that broadband signal waveforms are distorted.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical scheme: a broadband digital beam forming device based on analysis and synthesis comprises a digital channelization module, a sub-band digital beam forming module and a channel synthesis module, wherein the sub-band digital beam forming module comprises a plurality of sub-band channels, the digital channelization module is used for respectively carrying out channelization processing on radar signals of a plurality of input array elements, the radar signals acquired at high speed are uniformly distributed to each sub-band channel of the sub-band digital beam forming module for simultaneous processing, the sub-band digital beam forming module is used for carrying out sub-band beam forming on the same channel of each array element, if K channels exist and N beams need to be formed, the sub-band digital beam forming module outputs beam sample points of N × K channels, and the channel synthesis module is used for carrying out broadband digital beam forming on the signals processed by the sub-band digital beam forming module.
As an optimized technical scheme, the sub-band channels have independence with each other.
The multi-phase filtering device comprises a signal extraction unit, an analysis filter, a DFT unit and a multiplier which are connected in sequence, wherein the signal extraction unit extracts a high-speed acquired radar signal into K paths of data, then a prototype filter is decomposed into K phases for filtering, finally K paths of data are output through K points of the DFT unit, and each path of data is multiplied by a corresponding coefficient to obtain sample points of K channels.
As an optimized technical scheme, the sub-band digital beam forming is to compensate the phase difference between channels caused by different spatial positions of the antenna units for signals incident in a certain direction on a certain channel, so as to realize in-phase superposition of the signals.
As an optimized technical scheme, the channel synthesis module comprises an IDFT unit, an extraction unit, and a polyphase filtering unit, which are connected in sequence, and is an inverse process of channelization, and synthesizes a plurality of narrowband signals into a wideband signal.
As an optimized technical scheme, the formula of channel synthesis is
Where j is 0,1,. multidot.m-1,
for the input of the k-th branch of the channel synthesis, M is the interpolation rate, fk(n) is a band-pass filter。
As an optimized technical scheme, the digital channelization module divides a broadband signal into narrow bands by adopting a 2-time oversubsampled multiphase filter structure, and the channel synthesis module synthesizes a plurality of narrow band beams into a broadband beam by adopting a 2-time oversubsampled multiphase filter structure. As an optimized technical scheme, the channel synthesis module divides the integrated input of the channel into a positive path and a negative path, and corresponding data are selected to be correspondingly multiplied by the coefficients of the filters according to the odd and even numbers of the serial numbers of the filters of each phase during the multi-phase filtering.
As an optimized technical scheme, the channel synthesis module divides the channel synthesis input into two paths and divides the coefficient of one path into two paths
Fixed to 1, the other path of coefficient is fixed to-1, and after IFFT, the multi-phase order f is differentjAnd (p), when p is an odd number, selecting one path of data corresponding to the multiplication of-1 to be correspondingly multiplied by the filter coefficient, and when p is an even number, selecting one path of data corresponding to the multiplication of 1 to be correspondingly multiplied by the filter coefficient.
As an optimized technical scheme, the analysis filters used by the digital channelizing module and the channel synthesis module are the same as the synthesis filter.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the method comprises the steps that through channelizing input radar signals of all channels by adopting an analysis filter, broadband signals are divided into narrow bands, the analysis filter can reach a high main-to-auxiliary ratio, and the problem of broadband signal overlapping is effectively suppressed; forming a beam in a designated direction by performing narrow-band beam forming on each corrected channel; the digital channel synthesis module synthesizes narrow bands of the same directional beam into a broadband signal by using a synthesis filter, so that a broadband beam is formed, and the problem that the requirement of subsequent signal processing parameter measurement and analysis is difficult to meet due to distortion of a broadband signal waveform in the prior art is solved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an apparatus of an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a diagram of a digital channelization scheme based on a polyphase filter structure.
Fig. 3 is a diagram of narrowband beamforming.
Fig. 4 is a channel synthesis diagram based on a polyphase filter structure.
Fig. 5 is a time domain comparison diagram (enlarged) of signals before and after channel synthesis.
Fig. 6 is a graph of the approximate reconstructed filter bank partial filter magnitude-frequency response.
Fig. 7 is a beam output signal diagram.
Fig. 8 is a wideband digital beamforming beam scan.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given for the detailed implementation and specific operation of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the broadband digital beam forming device based on analysis and synthesis of the present invention includes a digital channelizing module 1, a sub-band digital beam forming module 2 and a channel synthesis module 3. The sub-band digital beam forming module 2 comprises several sub-band channels.
The digital channelizing module 1 respectively performs channelizing processing on the input radar signals of a plurality of array elements. The channelization can uniformly distribute the radar signals acquired at high speed to each sub-band channel of the sub-band digital beam forming module 2 for simultaneous processing, and the signals have independence with each other. In engineering, the digital channelisation module 1 is implemented using a polyphase filtering device based on an analysis filter, as shown in fig. 2. In fig. 2, the polyphase filter device includes a signal extraction unit for extracting a signal, an analysis filter, a DFT (discrete fourier transform) unit, and a multiplier, which are connected in this order. The signal extraction unit extracts the radar signals acquired at high speed into K paths of data, then the analysis filter decomposes the data into K phases for filtering, finally K paths of data are output through K points of the DFT unit, and each path of data is multiplied by a corresponding coefficient to obtain sample points of K channels.
The subband digital beam forming module 2 performs subband beam forming on the same channel of each array element, as shown in fig. 3. Since the digital channelizing module 1 has already performed the channelizing process, when the bandwidth of the channel is small, the output signal of each channel can be regarded as a narrowband signal. When the bandwidth of each channel is large, constant beamwidth processing is required. The sub-band digital beam forming is to compensate the phase difference between channels caused by different space positions of the antenna units for the incident signals in a certain direction on a certain channel, so as to realize the in-phase superposition of the signals and further realize the maximum energy reception in the direction. The beam forming device is composed of a multiplier and an adder, and the same channels of different array elements are multiplied and accumulated by corresponding beam forming coefficients to obtain sub-band beams. If there are K channels and N beams need to be formed, the subband digital beamforming module 2 outputs beam sample points of N × K channels. The channel synthesis module 3 is a synthesis filter based channel synthesis module. The channel synthesis module 3 is the core part of wideband digital beam forming, and the channel synthesis principle diagram of its polyphase filter structure is shown in fig. 4. The channel synthesis module 3 includes an IDFT (discrete fourier transform) unit, an extraction unit, and a polyphase filter unit connected in sequence, which is an inverse process of channelization and can synthesize a plurality of narrowband signals into a wideband signal. If the output of the digital channelisation module 1 is directly channel-integrated, it is generally desirable that the reconstructed wideband signal is a reproduction of the channelised output signal. Starting from the principle of channel synthesis, the formula for deriving channel synthesis is
Where j is 0,1,. multidot.m-1,
for the input of the k-th branch of the channel synthesis, M is the interpolation rate, fkAnd (n) is a band-pass filter.
When critical sampling is performed, K ═ M, then
When oversampling is performed, if oversampling is performed by 2 times, K is 2M,then
Analytically, the above formula can find
(1)
Is that
K-point IFFT of (1);
(2) if K is 2M, i.e. the channelization is over-sampled by one time for the input, then
(3)
After the output of the IFFT, the polyphase filtering result of the filter is synthesized.
According to a multiphase structure formula of channel synthesis, the channel synthesis is realized by performing combined IFFT on each channel data on the basis of multiplying input by a certain coefficient. And then, only half of channels are taken for IFFT output data, then each channel is subjected to multiphase filtering, and each channel is sequentially output to obtain an output result of channel synthesis. When the analysis filter and the synthesis filter are designed as complete/approximate reconstruction filters, the channel synthesis output result is the reappearance of the channelized input signal. A comparison of before and after channel synthesis is shown in fig. 5.
In the channel synthesis formula, the channel synthesis formula is shown in the specification,
is a relative variable which is independent of the time scale r and is a function of the channel number k and the relative delay p. I.e. for odd channel data streams
The difference in the relative time delay is such that,
there are two possibilities, 1 and-1. Therefore, for the convenience of FPGA realization, the comprehensive input of the channel can be divided into two paths, and the coefficient of one path is divided into two paths
Fixed to 1 and the other coefficient to-1. After IFFT, for different polyphase orders fjAnd (p), when p is an odd number, selecting one path of data corresponding to the multiplication of-1 to be correspondingly multiplied by the filter coefficient, and when p is an even number, selecting one path of data corresponding to the multiplication of 1 to be correspondingly multiplied by the filter coefficient.
In this embodiment, the design of the analysis filter and the synthesis filter is important for channelization and channel synthesis, and a part of this embodiment adopts a partially overlapped uniform filter bank. By adopting the oversampling design, the spectrum aliasing of the extracted signal is reduced, the aliasing frequency is in the rejection band of the filter, the design complexity of the filter can be reduced, and the design flexibility of the filter is higher. The prototype filter obtains the filter coefficient by adopting a least square-based method and carrying out repeated iteration optimization. Because the optimization algorithm of the filter is complex and not suitable for engineering implementation, the filtering is implemented by designing the required prototype filter coefficient through matlab software, storing the filter coefficient in the RAM and reading the filter coefficient in the RAM. The analysis in this embodiment is the same as the synthesis prototype filter, and both channelization and channel synthesis are based on a one-time oversampling design. A filter bank designed according to this method is shown in fig. 6.
The output result of wideband digital beam forming can be obtained through the digital channelizing module 1, the sub-band digital beam forming module 2 and the channel synthesis module 3, and the output signal is as shown in fig. 7. As can be seen from fig. 7, the signals after broadband beam forming are not distorted, the integrity of the signals is maintained, and the method can be used for processing of signal detection, parameter measurement and the like of the back-end signals. Scanning the incoming wave direction can obtain a beam scanning pattern formed by broadband digital beam, as shown in fig. 8. In fig. 8, a beam pointing at a certain angle is the same as the beam pointing direction is set, and the correctness of the broadband beam forming method is verified.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A broadband digital beam forming device based on analysis and synthesis is characterized by comprising a digital channelizing module, a sub-band digital beam forming module and a channel synthesis module, wherein the sub-band digital beam forming module comprises a plurality of sub-band channels, the digital channelizing module is used for respectively carrying out channelizing processing on input radar signals of a plurality of array elements, the radar signals acquired at a high speed are uniformly distributed to each sub-band channel of the sub-band digital beam forming module for simultaneous processing, the sub-band digital beam forming module is used for carrying out sub-band beam forming on the same channel of each array element, if K channels exist and N beams need to be formed, the sub-band digital beam forming module outputs beam sample points of N × K channels, and the channel synthesis module is used for carrying out broadband digital beam forming on the signals processed by the sub-band digital beam forming module;
the digital channelizing module divides a broadband signal into narrow bands by adopting a 2-time over-sampling multiphase filter structure, and the channel synthesis module synthesizes a plurality of narrow band beams into broadband beams by adopting a 2-time over-sampling multiphase filter structure;
the multi-phase filtering structure comprises a signal extraction unit, an analysis filter, a DFT unit and a multiplier which are connected in sequence, wherein the signal extraction unit extracts a high-speed acquired radar signal into K paths of data, then a prototype filter is decomposed into K phases for filtering, finally K paths of data are output through K points of the DFT unit, and each path of data is multiplied by a corresponding coefficient to obtain sample points of K channels;
the sub-band digital beam forming is to compensate the phase difference between channels caused by different space positions of the antenna units for the incident signals in a certain direction on a certain channel to realize the in-phase superposition of the signals;
the channel synthesis module comprises an IDFT unit, an extraction unit and a multiphase filter unit which are connected in sequence, is the inverse process of channelization and synthesizes a plurality of narrow-band signals into a wide-band signal;
the channel synthesis is formulated as
Where j is 0,1,. multidot.m-1,
inputting the channel synthesis k branch, wherein M is an interpolation rate;
the channel synthesis module divides the channel synthesis input into positive and negative paths, and selects corresponding data to multiply the filter coefficients correspondingly according to the odd and even numbers of the filter number of each phase during multi-phase filtering;
the channel synthesis module divides the channel synthesis input into two paths and divides the coefficient of one path
Fixed to 1, the other path of coefficient is fixed to-1, and after IFFT, the multi-phase order f is differentjAnd (p), when p is an odd number, selecting one path of data corresponding to the multiplication of-1 to be correspondingly multiplied by the filter coefficient, and when p is an even number, selecting one path of data corresponding to the multiplication of 1 to be correspondingly multiplied by the filter coefficient.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the sub-band channels are independent of each other.
3. The wideband digital beamforming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the digital channelizing module and the channel synthesis module use the same analysis filter and synthesis filter.
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| CN109687883B (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2021-07-23 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | Channel comprehensive engineering implementation method and device |
| CN114124183A (en) * | 2021-11-15 | 2022-03-01 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Receiving end and transmitting end digital channelized beam forming device, system and method |
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