CN106902480B - A kind of parallel Quantum annealing target spot distribution calculation method - Google Patents
A kind of parallel Quantum annealing target spot distribution calculation method Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
- A61N5/103—Treatment planning systems
- A61N5/1031—Treatment planning systems using a specific method of dose optimization
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
- A61N5/10—X-ray therapy; Gamma-ray therapy; Particle-irradiation therapy
- A61N5/103—Treatment planning systems
- A61N5/1031—Treatment planning systems using a specific method of dose optimization
- A61N2005/1035—Simulated annealing
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of parallel Quantum annealing target spot distribution calculation methods, establish tumor target by the image analysis and diagnosis of CT MR data first and jeopardize the data model of organ；Then, focusing radiotherapy machine beam characteristics, which are turned round, by gamma rays stereotaxis quickly calculates crucial dose point distribution, and it is compared with the radiation therapy target of clinical requirement, in conjunction with target area prescribed dose and jeopardize the tolerance dose objective function of organ, it is arranged according to simulated annealing and accepts or rejects rule, and the calculating comparison of a new round is carried out, it is finally reached expected results；Finally, accurately calculating according to the corresponding parameter of expected results of calculating to dosage distribution, the dosage distribution in final irradiation area is obtained；Calculating process of the present invention is calculated automatically using machine, is reduced to subjective factors such as the experiences of physics teacher, and plan designer does not need to intervene calculating process, and calculated result is more objective；Also, Inverse Planning design simultaneously reduces to subjective factors such as the experiences of physics teacher and accelerates the time of planned design, improves the economic benefit and social efficiency of radiotherapy；More meet clinical demand.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to radiotherapy dosage computing technique fields, are related to the revolution of gamma rays stereotaxis and focus radiotherapy machine
The computing technique of reverse radiotherapy planning.
Background technique
It is that one kind melts horseley-Clarke technique and radiosurgery technology in one that the revolution of gamma rays stereotaxis, which focuses radiotherapy machine,
The Stereotactic Radiosurgery equipment of body, it uses gamma-rays geometry clustered pattern, will be through by accurate stereotaxis
Large dosage of gamma-rays cover of planning is crossed in intracorporal pre-selection target area, disposably, lethal destroys the tissue in target spot,
To reach the therapeutic effect of surgical resection or damage, there are the difference of essence in stereotaxic radiosurgery and general surgery, it
Postoperative hemorrhage brought by conventional surgical open surgery, infection and the danger that critical function organ may be damaged are avoided,
Create a kind of operation method of hurtless measure.
As shown in Figure 1, gamma rays stereotaxis revolution focusing radiotherapy system includes: C-form stand 10, is controlled treatment head 20
Treat bed 30；The treatment head 20 can do the rotary motion of 180 degree, the therapeutic bed along the inner track of the C-form stand 10
30 can also do the rotary motion of 180 degree around the C-form stand.When patient is lain in therapeutic bed with dorsal position, head is close
The direction of rack.For opposite patient, the section for being parallel to therapeutic bed baseplane is coronal-plane, perpendicular to coronal-plane along head foot side
To section be sagittal plane, perpendicular to the section of coronal-plane and sagittal plane be cross section, cross section is just parallel to C-shaped machine at this time
Plane where frame, such as Fig. 2.
The therapeutic bed can only where perpendicular to the c-type rack plane two fixed bed Angle Positions (0 °, 180 °),
When being two positions as shown in Figure 3, perspective view in terms of the front of radiotherapy system, wherein 40 be gamma rays beam.
Currently, gamma rays stereotaxis revolution focus radiotherapy machine using forward scheduling design calculate, i.e., user (doctor and
Physics teacher) according to CT/MR data sketch out lesion and tissue contours, target area is defined according to lesion and sensitive organ, in conjunction with controlling
Treatment machine ray focusing feature by virtue of experience carries out cloth target, object of TPS (radiotherapy treatment planning) software according to ray after the completion of cloth target
Manage model carry out Rapid Dose Calculation, end user is evaluated according to calculated result, meet treatment require then completion plan design into
Enter and treats process, otherwise, then adjust the quantity of target spot, the coordinate of target spot, weight, collimator size, orientation treatment etc., Zhi Daoji
It draws until meeting treatment requirement.
However, forward scheduling design needs comprehensive considering various effects, and rely on the experience of physics teacher and to treatment
The understanding of machine, subjective factor are strong, it is most important that the design of each plan needs long time, and resources costs are relatively high.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of gamma rays optimization methods based on the annealing of parallel quantum simulation, pass through CT/
The image analysis of MR data and diagnosis establish the data model of tumor target, major organs, then, vertical by gamma rays
Body orientation revolution focuses radiotherapy machine beam characteristics and quickly calculates crucial dose point distribution, and the radiation therapy target with clinical requirement
Compare, in conjunction with target area prescribed dose and jeopardize the tolerance dose objective function of organ, according to simulated annealing
Rule is accepted or rejected in setting, and carries out the calculating comparison of a new round, expected results is finally reached, finally, according to the expected results of calculating
Corresponding parameter accurately calculates dosage distribution, obtains the dosage distribution in final irradiation area, solves the prior art
The problem of.To achieve the goals above, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that, a kind of parallel Quantum annealing target spot distribution
Calculation method establishes tumor target by the image analysis of image data and diagnosis first and jeopardizes the data mould of organ
Type；
Then, focusing radiotherapy machine beam characteristics are turned round by gamma rays stereotaxis and quickly calculates crucial dose point point
Cloth, and being compared with the radiation therapy target of clinical requirement, in conjunction with target area prescribed dose and jeopardize the tolerance dose of organ
Objective function is arranged according to simulated annealing and accepts or rejects rule, and carries out the calculating comparison of a new round, is finally reached expection
As a result；
Finally, being accurately calculated to dosage distribution according to the corresponding parameter of expected results of calculating, obtaining final irradiation
Dosage distribution in region.
Crucial dose point is target area or jeopardizes organ boundaries point and center position, and boundary point is to be evenly distributed at random
If doing for organ boundaries is jeopardized in target area, the quantity of boundary point is usually 10-20.
The specific steps of the present invention are as follows:
Step 1: importing patient information and image data；It imports or delineates contoured skin, jeopardize organ contours and target area；
Step 2: the target area boundary and organ center that are obtained according to step 1, generate fast dose and calculate key point；
Step 3: objective function, is arranged the clinical evaluation physical model of radiotherapy planning；
Gamma rays stereotaxis revolution focusing therapy machine Optimal Parameters include: target spot number, target spot direction, target spot power
Weight, target position and collimator size, wherein target position includes 3 freedom degrees of spatial position；
Arcing angle is defaulted as maximum radian, and maximum radian is related with target position, can be calculated by target position
Maximum radian, general maximum radian is 180 degree, and therefore, arcing angle is not as optimized variable；Target spot number and target spot direction group
It closes, as thread number, therefore, target spot number and target spot direction are not as Optimal Parameters in thread；
Step 4: being combined composition thread number according to target spot number and target spot direction, thread subregion is carried out；
Target position, collimator size and target spot weight are carried out Step 5: each thread is all made of quantum simulation annealing
It calculates, obtains the dosage distribution in irradiation area；
Step 6: each thread calculated result in comparison step 5, selects optimal result.
Image data is CT or MR.
Objective function dF method is as follows in step 3:
Wherein:
A, b are constant, indicate target area and organ in the weight of objective function, and q is target area serial number, and Q is target area quantity, and r is
Organ serial number, R are organ number, and C is to characterize all particles of assemblage in the constant of axial spin Pauli presentation；
F(m)rIt is target area for the prescribed dose of calculating point；
F(n)rJeopardize upper dosage limit for organ corresponding points；
F (i) is the dose value for calculating point, i.e. the element of field solution；
F (i)=Gr(X1, X2... Xn), wherein XnRepresenting optimized variable, including collimator size, target spot weight and target spot position
Coordinate is set, r is organ serial number.
In the step 3, multi-dimensional optimization parameter initialization is carried out, Optimal Parameters include: target spot number, target spot direction, target
Point weight, target position (3 freedom degrees) and collimator size；Thread optimized thermal balance threshold values dD is set, each optimization is defined
The restricted boundary of parameter, and determine the increment of Optimal Parameters:
1) target spot number, target spot direction are combined as thread number, and target spot number increment is 1, and default target spot number is maximum
No more than 30, target spot direction only has the freedom degree of both direction；
2) collimator size α1, number increment is ± 1；
3) target spot weight α2Increment is ± 0.1；
4) target position (α3, α4, α5) it is 3 freedom degrees (x, y, z), increment is all ± 1mm.
Specific step is as follows for thread subregion in step 4:
1) composition thread number is combined with target spot number n and target spot direction, different threads corresponds to different target spots
Number and each target spot direction, number of threads are n × (n-1)；
2) target spot number maximum value is set by the user, and system has the default value of setting；
3) per thread independently carries out quantum simulation annealing optimization calculating.
Specific step is as follows for the calculating of quantum simulation annealing sub thread in step 5:
1) initial transverse field T is given0, decline step-length b (0 <b < 1) and termination transverse field Tf, iteration index k=0, starting meter
Calculate thread；
2) in the restricted boundary of each Optimal Parameters, thread optimized parameter assignment is given at random, enables i=0, quickly calculate and close
Key dose point, and generate one group of field solution F (i)j；Thread optimized parameter includes: collimator size G (d), (collimator number generation
The different sizes of table collimator, collimator size constitute square field by fixing long and width), target spot weight G (e) and target spot position
Set G (x), G (y) and G (z)；It is to calculate the dose response function value of key point that field solution, which generates result,；
3) it is solved according to the field that previous step is calculated, solves objective function dF, Wherein, a, b are constant, indicate target area and organ in mesh
The weight of scalar functions, q are target area serial number, and Q is organ number, and r is organ serial number, and R is organ number, and C is constant；If dF < dD,
DD is thread optimized thermal balance threshold values, then is transferred to 4), otherwise generates random number y, 0 < y < 1；If y < exp (- dF/P*T (i))P, then
It is transferred to 4), otherwise, is transferred to 2)；Searching times when wherein P is stable state, represent the population that system is in a certain state, T (i) is
Lateral field variable；
4) i auto-adding operation, i.e. i=i+1 are enabled:
β is the factor being randomly generated, αiFor the step-size in search of parameters, Optimal Parameters are side if surmounting restricted boundary
Dividing value；If reaching stable state, i.e. i > N, N are default constant, are transferred to 5)；Otherwise it is transferred to 2)；
5) field T (k) is reduced, k=k+1, i.e. T (k+1)=T (k) b, if T (k+1) < Tf, thread terminates to enter step
Six, it is otherwise transferred to 2).
Specific step is as follows for step 6: each thread terminates in waiting step five, compares each thread and calculates, preferably optimal knot out
Fruit finds out the minimum value of objective function；Actuarial is carried out to dose response function with optimal result parameter.
Compared with prior art, the present invention at least has the advantages that, calculating process of the present invention is automatic using machine
It calculates, reduces to subjective factors such as the experiences of physics teacher, plan designer does not need to intervene calculating process, and calculated result is more
It is objective；Also, simultaneously Inverse Planning design reduce to the subjective factors such as the experience of physics teacher and accelerate planned design when
Between, improve the economic benefit and social efficiency of radiotherapy；The result that physics teacher can calculate Inverse Planning is intervened and is adjusted
It is whole, the Feasible degree for the treatment of plan is improved, also incorporates the clinical experience of outstanding physics teacher simultaneously；The meter of objective function in calculating process
Calculation method is optimized, and uses different calculation methods for target area and organ, improves the sensitivity of target dose, and organ
Lower limit dosage with no restrictions, more meet clinical demand.
Further, arcing angle uses the maximum angle of maximum target spot always in Optimal Parameters, and which reduces excellent
Change the dimension of parameter, also meets the requirement of clinical cloth target, avoid more multiple target point from switching, so as to shorten treatment time；
Further, the present invention uses GUP parallel algorithm, greatly improves according to search subregion compared with single-threaded serial algorithm
Calculating time；The present invention uses quantum simulation annealing algorithm, is the relatively small shape of target value in a kind of probability selection field
State avoids falling into local minimum；Quantum simulation annealing algorithm uses the tunnel effectiveness mechanism of quantum leap, than traditional simulation
Annealing algorithm, Optimizing Search speed is faster.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the revolution of gamma rays stereotaxis focuses radiotherapy system structure chart；
The cross section Fig. 2, coronal-plane and sagittal plane schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is treatment bit plane perspective view；
Fig. 4 is parallel computation flow chart；
Fig. 5 is single thread quantum simulation annealing process figure.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further details with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
In the present invention, jeopardizes the vital tissue or organ that organ i.e. radiotherapy may be involved in launched field, mentioned in the present invention
The gamma rays stereotaxis revolution arrived focuses the model LUNA-260 of radiotherapy machine.
Referring to fig. 4, a kind of parallel Quantum annealing target spot distribution calculation method of the invention, the specific steps are as follows:
1. importing diagnosis imaging data, patient information or delineating contoured skin, tissue contours, target area；
2.GPU initialization, determines Optimal Parameters X (0), X (1) ... X (n)；
3. generating fast dose according to target area and boundary point and the center of jeopardizing organ and calculating key point；
4. objective function and calculation method:
Wherein:
A, b are constant, indicate target area and organ in the weight of objective function, and q is target area serial number, and Q is target area quantity, and r is
Organ serial number, R are organ number, and C is to characterize all particles of assemblage in the constant of axial spin Pauli presentation；
F(m)rIt is target area for the prescribed dose of calculating point；
F(n)rJeopardize upper dosage limit for organ corresponding points；
F (i) is the dose value for calculating point, i.e. the element of field solution；
F (i)=Gr(X1, X2... Xn), wherein XnRepresenting optimized variable, including collimator size, target spot weight and target spot position
Coordinate is set, r is organ serial number.
5. carrying out multi-dimensional optimization parameter initialization, Optimal Parameters include: target spot number, target spot direction, target spot weight, target spot
Position (3 freedom degrees) and collimator size；Thread optimized thermal balance threshold value dD is set, the limitation side of each Optimal Parameters is defined
Boundary, and determine the increment of Optimal Parameters:
1) target spot number, target spot direction are combined as thread number, and target spot number increment is 1, and maximum target spot number is by being
System limitation, in the present embodiment, maximum target spot number is no more than 30, and target spot direction only has the freedom degree of both direction；
2) collimator size α1, number increment is ± 1；
3) target spot weight α2Increment is ± 0.1；
4) target position (α3, α4, α5) it is 3 freedom degrees (x, y, z), increment is all ± 1mm；
6. thread subregion:
1) composition thread number is combined with target spot number and target spot direction, different threads corresponds to different target spot numbers
Mesh and each target spot direction, number of threads are n × (n-1)；Target spot number and target spot direction are not as Optimal Parameters in thread；
2) target spot number maximum value is set by the user, and system has the default value of setting.
3) per thread will independently carry out quantum simulation annealing optimization calculating.
7. quantum simulation is annealed, sub thread is calculated, referring to Fig. 5:
1) Optimal Parameters are initialized according to random distribution, k=0, give initial transverse field T0With decline step-length b (0 <b
< 1) transverse field T, is terminatedf, start computational threads；
2) thread optimized parameter assignment is given at random in limitation range, i=0 quickly calculates crucial dose point, and generates one
Group field solution F (i)j；Thread optimized parameter include: collimator size G (d) (collimator, which is numbered, represents the different sizes of collimator,
Collimator size constitutes square field by fixing long and width), weight G (e), position G (x), G (y), G (z)；Field solution generates knot
Fruit is the dose response function value for calculating key point；
3) objective function is solved according to calculated result,(C is
Constant, r are organ serial number, and R is organ number)；4) dF < dD is then transferred to, otherwise generate random number (y=Random (0,1))；
If y < exp (- dF/PT (i))P, then it is transferred to 4), otherwise, is transferred to 2)；Searching times when wherein P is stable state, represent system and are in certain
The population of one state.
4) i auto-adding operation, i.e. i=i+1 are enabled:
β is the factor being randomly generated, αiFor the step-size in search of parameters, Optimal Parameters are side if surmounting restricted boundary
Dividing value；If reaching stable state, i.e. i > N, N are default constant, and in the present embodiment, 5) N=200 is transferred to；Otherwise it is transferred to
2)；
5) field T (k) is reduced, k=k+1, i.e. T (k+1)=T (k) b, if T (k+1) < Tf, thread terminate enter 8, otherwise
It is transferred to 2)
8. etc. each grid computing thread to be synchronized, compare each thread and calculate, preferably optimal result out, that is, find out target letter
Several minimum M in (dF (0), dF (1) ... dF (i))；
9. using optimal result parameter Xf(0), Xf(1)…Xf(n), actuarial is carried out to dose response function.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of parallel Quantum annealing target spot distribution calculation method, which is characterized in that pass through the image analysis of image data first
Tumor target is established with diagnosis and jeopardizes the data model of organ；
Then, focusing radiotherapy machine beam characteristics are turned round by gamma rays stereotaxis and quickly calculates crucial dose point distribution, and
It is compared with the radiation therapy target of clinical requirement, defines mesh with the tolerance dose for jeopardizing organ in conjunction with the prescribed dose of target area
Scalar functions are arranged according to simulated annealing and accept or reject rule, and carry out the calculating comparison of a new round, are finally reached expected results；
Finally, being accurately calculated to dosage distribution according to the corresponding parameter of expected results of calculating, obtaining final irradiation area
Interior dosage distribution；
Crucial dose point is target area and the boundary point and center position for jeopardizing organ, and boundary point is to be evenly distributed on target area at random
If jeopardizing doing for organ boundaries；
Specific step is as follows:
Step 1: importing patient information and image data；It imports or delineates contoured skin, jeopardize organ contours and target area；
Step 2: the target area boundary and organ center that are obtained according to step 1, generate fast dose and calculate key point；
Step 3: objective function, is arranged the clinical evaluation physical model of radiotherapy planning；
It includes: target spot number, target spot direction, target spot weight, target that gamma rays stereotaxis, which turns round focusing therapy machine Optimal Parameters,
Point position and collimator size, wherein target position includes 3 freedom degrees of spatial position；
Step 4: being combined composition thread number according to target spot number and target spot direction, thread subregion is carried out；
Target position, collimator size and target spot weight are calculated Step 5: each thread is all made of quantum simulation annealing,
Obtain the dosage distribution in irradiation area；
Step 6: each thread calculated result in comparison step 5, selects optimal result.
2. a kind of parallel Quantum annealing target spot distribution calculation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that image data
For CT or MR.
3. a kind of parallel Quantum annealing target spot distribution calculation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 3
Objective function dF method is as follows:
Wherein:
A, b are constant, indicate target area and organ in the weight of objective function, and q is target area serial number, and Q is target area quantity, and r is organ
Serial number, R are organ number, and C is to characterize all particles of assemblage in the constant of axial spin Pauli presentation；
T (k) is dynamic transverse field；
F(m)rIt is target area for the prescribed dose of calculating point；
F(n)rJeopardize upper dosage limit for organ corresponding points；
F (i) is the dose value for calculating point, i.e. the element of field solution；
F (i)=Gr(X1, X2... Xn), wherein XnRepresenting optimized variable, including collimator size, target spot weight and target position are sat
Mark, r are organ serial number.
4. a kind of parallel Quantum annealing target spot distribution calculation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
In three, multi-dimensional optimization parameter initialization is carried out, Optimal Parameters include: target spot number, target spot direction, target spot weight, target position
(3 freedom degrees) and collimator size；Thread optimized thermal balance threshold values dD is set, the restricted boundary of each Optimal Parameters is defined,
And determine the increment of Optimal Parameters:
1) target spot number, target spot direction are combined as thread number, and target spot number increment is 1, and maximum target spot number is limited by system
System, target spot direction only has the freedom degree of both direction；
2) collimator size α1, number increment is ± 1；
3) target spot weight α2Increment is ± 0.1；
4) target position (α3, α4, α5) it is 3 freedom degrees (x, y, z), increment is all ± 1mm.
5. a kind of parallel Quantum annealing target spot distribution calculation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 4
Thread subregion specific step is as follows:
1) composition thread number is combined with target spot number n and target spot direction, different threads corresponds to different target spot numbers
With each target spot direction, number of threads is n × (n-1)；
2) target spot number maximum value is set by the user, and system has the default value of setting；
3) per thread independently carries out quantum simulation annealing optimization calculating.
6. a kind of parallel Quantum annealing target spot distribution calculation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step 5
Quantum simulation is annealed, and specific step is as follows for sub thread calculating:
1) initial transverse field T is given0, decline step-length b (0 <b < 1) and termination transverse field Tf, iteration index k=0, starting calculating line
Journey；
2) in the restricted boundary of each Optimal Parameters, thread optimized parameter assignment is given at random, i=0 is enabled, quickly calculates key point
Dosage, and generate one group of field solution F (i)j；Thread optimized parameter includes: collimator size G (d), target spot weight G (e) and target
Point position G (x), G (y) and G (z)；It is to calculate the dose response function value of key point that field solution, which generates result,；
3) it is solved according to the field that previous step is calculated, solves objective function dF, Wherein, a, b are constant, indicate target area and organ in mesh
The weight of scalar functions, q are target area serial number, and Q is target area quantity, and r is organ serial number, and R is organ number, and C is constant；If dF < dD,
DD is thread optimized thermal balance threshold values, then is transferred to 4), otherwise generates random number y, 0 < y < 1；If y < exp (- dF/P*T (i))P, then
It is transferred to 4), otherwise, is transferred to 2)；Searching times when wherein P is stable state, represent the population that system is in a certain state, T (i) is
Lateral field variable；
4) i auto-adding operation, i.e. i=i+1 are enabled:
β is the factor being randomly generated, αiFor the step-size in search of parameters, Optimal Parameters are boundary value if surmounting restricted boundary；
If reaching stable state, i.e. i > N, N are default constant, are transferred to 5)；Otherwise it is transferred to 2)；
5) field T (k) is reduced, k=k+1, i.e. T (k+1)=T (k) b, if T (k+1) < Tf, thread terminates to enter step six, no
It is then transferred to 2).
7. a kind of parallel Quantum annealing target spot distribution calculation method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step 6 tool
Steps are as follows for body: each thread terminates in waiting step five, compares each thread and calculates, preferably optimal result out, that is, finds out target letter
Several minimum values；Actuarial is carried out to dose response function with optimal result parameter.
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