CN106580265B - Three-dimensional imaging device for detecting human body microvascular ultrastructure - Google Patents
Three-dimensional imaging device for detecting human body microvascular ultrastructure Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention relates to a three-dimensional imaging device for detecting the ultrastructure of a human body microvascular, which at least comprises: a light source module for emitting a plurality of collimated and parallel outgoing light beams; a dimming unit for adjusting the outgoing light into circularly polarized light; an array reflection unit for sequentially irradiating the plurality of outgoing lights into the dark field objective lens; a light-splitting unit for partially reflecting and partially transmitting light; a dark field objective lens for focusing annular incident light to a focal position; an imaging unit for imaging; and a presentation module for presenting the image. Through the cooperation of the array transmission unit, the array reflection unit and the dark field objective lens, one beam of light is divided into a plurality of beams of emergent light to sequentially enter the dark field objective lens, the irradiation of the incident light with different angles at the same position is realized through the dark field objective lens, the images are respectively imaged, and the three-dimensional images of the micro blood vessels are obtained through a photometric three-dimensional measurement method, so that the density and the shape of the micro blood vessels of the longitudinal section are accurately quantified in a digital mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a medical instrument for medical diagnosis by utilizing an optical imaging technology, in particular to a three-dimensional imaging device for detecting an ultrastructure of a human microvascular.
Background
Microcirculation refers to the place where blood and tissue cells between the arterioles and venules exchange substances. The integrity of the function, morphology and metabolism of the microcirculation is an indispensable condition for maintaining the normal functions of human organs. Through the research of microcirculation, the special functions of various organs of the human body can be further known, the pathogenesis of the cognitive diseases is facilitated, and the disease prevention, diagnosis and treatment are facilitated. Various disease states including diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease and the like can cause the pathological conditions of microcirculation, including the change of parameters such as the tube diameter of a micro blood vessel, the density of the micro blood vessel, the micro blood flow speed in the micro blood vessel and the like, and can also observe the endothelial cells of the micro blood vessel and the blood cells flowing in the micro blood vessel. Therefore, the microcirculation quality can be grasped by knowing the microcurrent condition, and the method has extremely important roles in diagnosis and treatment of various diseases. The micro-blood flow condition is important for health and disease diagnosis and treatment, and high-precision digital quantification is carried out on the micro-vascular ultrastructural condition, so that the accurate diagnosis and treatment is of great necessity. In order to realize accurate diagnosis and treatment by utilizing the micro-vascular ultrastructure, a 'noninvasive dynamic micro-vascular ultrastructural observation system' capable of carrying out real-time high-definition imaging and digitalization on the micro-vascular ultrastructure under the noninvasive condition is required to be indispensable.
In the medical field, there are many ways of non-invasively imaging the interior of the body through the skin, such as Computed Tomography (CT) techniques, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques, among others. Although these techniques have been developed earlier, they are not suitable for use in micro-blood flow imaging due to the large size of the apparatus, low resolution, poor real-time performance, and the like. Among them, lateral flow dark field (SDF) imaging technology is a new technology for imaging micro blood flow.
In the medical field, there are many ways of non-invasively imaging the interior of the body through the skin, such as Computed Tomography (CT) techniques, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques, among others. Although these techniques have been developed earlier, they are not suitable for use in micro-blood flow imaging due to the large size of the apparatus, low resolution, poor real-time performance, and the like. Among them, lateral flow dark field (SDF) imaging techniques and Orthogonal Polarization Spectroscopy (OPS) imaging techniques are two common techniques for imaging micro-blood flow.
However, in the conventional Orthogonal Polarization Spectrum (OPS) imaging technology, since the reflection capability of the polarizing plate for the orthogonal polarized light has an upper limit, the polarized reflected light cannot be filtered out by 100% to cause excessive background noise in imaging, and in order to solve this problem, a lateral flow dark field (SDF) imaging technology was proposed in 2007, the principle of which is shown in fig. 1.
In the lateral flow dark field imaging technology, annular LED illumination is firstly adopted to surround the imaging microscope lens, and the light source emitted by the LED is light with a special wavelength but not polarized light like the OPS imaging technology. The LED light is irradiated from the periphery of the micro lens to the skin in a ring shape, and scattered inside the skin while being scattered on the surface of the skin. Because the micro lens is very close to the skin, the light which is annularly irradiated on the skin and reflected back is difficult to enter the lens for imaging, and the irradiation direction of internal scattered light is random, and a part of the light irradiates the micro lens for imaging on the CCD. This avoids direct imaging of the pico vascular ultrastructures by skin surface reflection.
In the prior art lateral flow dark field imaging techniques, only two-dimensional images can be presented. Although the analysis of the two-dimensional imaging can quantitatively digitize the micro blood flow velocity, the micro blood vessel diameter and the cross section micro blood vessel density, the two-dimensional imaging cannot acquire depth information, so the analysis of the micro blood vessel density and the micro blood vessel shape of the longitudinal section cannot meet the requirements. At this time, the imaging device needs to be improved, so that the imaging device has three-dimensional measurement capability, can perform three-dimensional measurement on the microvessels to obtain depth information, and accurately digitizes and quantificationally calculates microvessel ultrastructures such as microvessel density, microvessel shape, microvessel endothelial cells, blood cell morphology and the like of the longitudinal section.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings, it is an object of the present invention to provide a three-dimensional imaging device for detecting the ultrastructure of a human microvasculature.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a three-dimensional imaging device for detecting human microvascular ultrastructures, comprising at least:
a light source module for emitting a plurality of collimated and parallel outgoing light beams;
a dimming unit for adjusting the outgoing light into circularly polarized light;
an array reflection unit for sequentially irradiating the plurality of outgoing lights into the dark field objective lens;
a light-splitting unit for partially reflecting and partially transmitting light;
a dark field objective lens for focusing the sequentially incident annular light at a focal position;
an imaging unit for imaging;
and a presentation module for presenting the image.
Preferably, it is: the light source module comprises a light source and an array transmission unit which is arranged in the emergent light direction and is used for adjusting the light source into a plurality of bundles of collimated parallel emergent light rays.
Preferably, it is: the array transmission unit is a micro lens array.
Preferably, it is: the array reflection unit is a micro-mirror array.
Preferably, it is: the array arrangement of the micro-mirror array corresponds to the array arrangement of the micro-lens array.
Preferably, it is: the dimming unit is positioned between the light source and the array transmission unit, or between the array transmission unit and the array reflection unit, or between the array reflection unit and the light splitting unit, or between the light splitting unit and the dark field objective, or at the front end of the dark field objective.
Preferably, it is: the light adjusting unit is a 1/4 wavelength plate or a 1/4 phase difference film.
Preferably, it is: the light splitting unit is a semi-transparent mirror or a non-polarized light splitter.
Preferably, it is: the side part of the light splitting unit is provided with a light shielding plate for blocking the light transmitted through the light splitting unit.
Preferably, it is: the periphery of the light source module, the dimming unit, the array reflecting unit, the light splitting unit, the dark field objective lens, the imaging unit and the imaging module is provided with a fixed frame.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) Through the cooperation of the array transmission unit, the array reflection unit and the dark field objective, one beam of light is divided into a plurality of beams of emergent light to sequentially enter the dark field objective, the dark field objective is used for realizing irradiation and respective imaging of incident light with different angles at the same position, and a three-dimensional image of the microvascular ultrastructure is obtained through a photometric three-dimensional measurement method, so that the microvascular ultrastructure such as microvascular density, microvascular shape, microvascular endothelial cells and blood cell morphology of a longitudinal section can be accurately digitized and quantified.
(2) The device can realize three-dimensional imaging only through the matching of the array transmission unit, the array reflection unit and the dark field objective lens, avoids the combination realization of a plurality of two-dimensional imaging systems in the traditional three-dimensional imaging system, has small size of each device, ensures that the system has simple and small structure, is convenient to operate and reduces the cost, and is very important in the practical application and popularization process.
(3) The light modulation unit converts linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light, so that the light utilization efficiency is increased, the imaging definition is improved, the three-dimensional imaging is guaranteed, and the real-time monitoring of the microvascular ultrastructure is possible.
(4) The device can detect micro blood flow in real time, has clear imaging effect, and is a revolutionary invention for preventing, diagnosing and treating certain diseases.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the background art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic light ray diagram of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic light ray diagram of embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of light ray according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of embodiment 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic light ray diagram of embodiment 4 of the present invention;
fig. 9 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic light ray diagram of embodiment 5 of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of the structure of embodiment 5 of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a micromirror array control system according to the present invention;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of an array transmissive unit and an array reflective unit according to the present invention;
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of the control of an array reflective unit of the present invention;
fig. 15 is a schematic diagram of three-dimensional imaging of the present invention.
In the figure, 1-a light source; a 2-dimming unit; a 3-array transmission unit; a 4-array reflection unit; a 5-spectroscopic unit; 6-dark field objective lens; 7-a light shielding plate; an 8-imaging unit; 9-a presentation module; 10-fixing the frame; 11-an array reflection unit control circuit; 12-telescoping lens barrel.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific examples.
The invention relates to a three-dimensional imaging device for detecting the ultrastructure of a human body microvascular, which at least comprises: a light source module for emitting a plurality of collimated and parallel outgoing light beams; a dimming unit 2 for adjusting the outgoing light into circularly polarized light; an array reflection unit 4 for sequentially irradiating a plurality of outgoing lights into the dark field objective lens; a light-splitting unit 5 for partially reflecting and partially transmitting light; a dark field objective lens 6 for focusing annular incident light on a focal position; an imaging unit 8 for imaging; a presentation module 9 for presenting the image.
The dimming units are classified into various cases according to their positions, and are described in detail below.
Example 1
A three-dimensional imaging device for detecting human microvascular ultrastructure as shown in fig. 2-3, at least comprising: a light source module for emitting a plurality of collimated and parallel outgoing light beams; a dimming unit 2 for adjusting the outgoing light into circularly polarized light; an array reflection unit 4 for sequentially irradiating a plurality of outgoing lights into the dark field objective lens 6; a light-splitting unit 5 for partially reflecting and partially transmitting light; a dark field objective lens 6 for focusing annular incident light on a focal position; an imaging unit 8 for imaging; a presentation module 9 for presenting the image.
Further, the imaging unit is used for focusing light into the lens unit and receiving imaging light of the lens unit to enable the imaging light to be clearly imaged on the imaging unit, the imaging unit is a double-cemented achromatic lens and is composed of a concave-convex lens and a double-convex lens, the positions of the concave-convex lens and the double-convex lens can be interchanged, for example, the concave-convex lens and the double-convex lens are sequentially arranged along the irradiation direction of the light source, and the double-convex lens and the concave-convex lens can also be sequentially arranged along the irradiation direction of the light source. This is to reduce refractive index errors due to mirror curvature and improve the collimation accuracy of the outgoing light. The two lenses are bonded by an optical adhesive.
Further, the light source module includes a light source 1 and an array transmission unit 3 disposed in the outgoing light direction for adjusting the light source into a plurality of collimated parallel outputs. The light source 1 is an LED or a semiconductor laser with a plated polarization film capable of emitting linearly polarized light. As is well known, light emitted from an LED is unpolarized light, and in order to convert the LED into circularly polarized light by a light control unit, a polarizing film layer is coated on the surface of a light emitting portion of the LED, and the light emitted from the LED first passes through the polarizing film layer to become polarized light. The LED using the plating polarization film has the advantages of long service life, uniform irradiation and no speckle noise. The disadvantage is that the light rays emitted by the light emitting diode have poor linear propagation property. Preferably a semiconductor laser, the lasing wavelength being between 400 and 600 nanometers. Although the outgoing light of the semiconductor laser is linear light, the outgoing light propagates in space in the form of radiation, and therefore, a collimator lens needs to be placed at the position of the outgoing light to make the propagation of the laser light columnar linear. In order to divide the laser light into a plurality of outgoing lights in the present invention, therefore, the array transmission unit 3 having a collimation function is employed.
Specifically, the array transmission unit 3 is a microlens array. In order to realize the purpose of three-dimensional imaging by one optical system, namely, utilizing the photometric stereo three-dimensional imaging principle, one beam of light needs to be decomposed into a plurality of beams of emergent light, therefore, the microlens array at least selects a 2×2 array, namely, the emergent light is decomposed into four beams of emergent light.
The array reflection unit 4 is a micromirror array. As shown in fig. 13, in order to match with the microlens array, the array arrangement of the microlens array corresponds to the array arrangement of the microlens array, where the "correspondence" is not limited to the uniformity of the number of arrays, but the multiple beams of outgoing light passing through the microlens array just corresponds to the microlens array, and the array arrangement of the microlens array may be equal to the microlens array or greater than the microlens array, for example, the microlens array selects a 2×2 array, and the microlens array may be a 3×3 array, and only the outgoing light passing through the microlens array may have a one-to-one correspondence with the microlens array. For better controlling the reflection effect, the micro-mirror array may be disposed at an angle of 45 ° to the outgoing light of the light source, and the reflected light is ensured to enter the optical system.
Further, the micro-mirror array is connected with the automatic control system and is used for controlling the angles of the micro-mirrors in the unit modules in the micro-mirror array so as to control which beam of light enters the optical system for imaging. A micromirror array (DMD) is a digital optical processing device whose surface is distributed with millions of very tiny mirrors, each of which can be varied in tilt angle by digital control of a computer. By means of the micro mirror array it is possible to control which of the plurality of collimated laser light is to be reflected out into the imaging system. The micro-mirror array is very fast in control and response speed, and real-time three-dimensional measurement can be guaranteed.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 12, the micromirror array control system includes a micromirror array, the micromirror array is connected to a control module, which is connected to a computer or a microprocessor, and meanwhile, the control module is connected to an internal clock and a storage module, and a driving module for driving the micromirror array, and the micromirror array control system further needs a proper power supply to supply power. Furthermore, a peripheral module is arranged between the computer or the microprocessor and the control module.
In this embodiment, the dimming unit 2 is located between the light source 1 and the array transmission unit 3. I.e. the outgoing light from the light source, i.e. the linearly polarized light is adjusted to circularly polarized light.
Specifically, the dimming unit is a 1/4 wavelength plate or a 1/4 phase difference film, so that incident linearly polarized light can be adjusted to circularly polarized light with stronger penetrating power and clearer imaging effect. Among them, a 1/4 retardation film is preferable. The 1/4 phase difference film is also called as a 1/4 polymer phase delay film, is made of a highly durable birefringent polymer sheet, can modify the polarization state of transmitted light, has the function of a 1/4 wavelength plate, is durable and low in cost, and greatly enhances the maintainability of equipment and reduces the cost. Specifically, referring to Table 1, the alignment of the 1/4 wavelength plate and the 1/4 retardation film was performed.
Table 1 1/4 wavelength plate or 1/4 retardation film
| 1/4 wavelength plate | 1/4 phase difference film | |
| Shape of material | Round shape | Square shape |
| Area of material [ mm] | 76.2 (diameter) | 100×100 |
| Material of material | Crystal | Birefringent polymers |
| Transmittance of light | >98％ | >90％ |
| Thickness [ mm ]] | 9 | 0.075 |
| Price of | ￥16462.5 | ￥142.5 |
As can be seen from Table 1, the price of the 1/4 retardation film is far lower than that of the 1/4 wavelength plate under the condition of ensuring that the imaging effect is not greatly different, so that the maintenance and use cost of the device can be greatly reduced by adopting the 1/4 retardation film. On the other hand, the 1/4 retardation film has almost no thickness, and the thickness of the 1/4 wavelength plate is approximately 1cm, and the 1/4 retardation film is superior to the 1/4 wavelength plate in terms of its mounting effect.
Further, the light-splitting unit 5 is a semi-transparent mirror or a non-polarizing light-splitting device. The half lens and the non-polarized beam splitter have the function of beam splitting, wherein the half lens is a sheet-shaped lens, and the non-polarized beam splitter is in a cube shape. In addition, since the price of the non-polarizing beam splitter is several thousand yuan, the installation is inconvenient due to the large volume, and the non-polarizing beam splitter is easily damaged, the semi-lens is preferable.
Further, a light shielding plate 7 is provided on the light-transmitting side of the spectroscopic unit 5. The light shielding plate 7 mainly prevents the laser light from being erroneously taken into eyes of a human body to damage the eyes. On the other hand, the laser has certain energy, and although the adopted laser is low-power laser, the laser cannot cause thermal sensation and cannot irradiate other instruments to cause instrument damage. However, whether or not the laser is harmful, it is necessary to mask the laser for safety.
Further, the fixing frame 10 is arranged on the periphery of the light source module, the dimming unit 2, the array reflecting unit 4, the light splitting unit 5, the dark field objective lens 6, the imaging unit 8 and the imaging module 9, and the device can be optimized into a handheld device through the fixing frame 10 due to the small volume of the optical system, so that the device is very convenient to use, and the purpose of protecting optical elements is achieved. Meanwhile, a telescopic lens barrel 12 can be arranged at the joint of the device and the imaging module and used for adjusting the focal length of the light system, thereby providing a foundation for presenting clear three-dimensional images.
The method for detecting human body microcirculation by using the three-dimensional imaging device comprises the following steps:
(1) Turning on a light source, and modulating the emergent light into circularly polarized light by an emergent light modulating unit;
(2) The circularly polarized light is divided into a plurality of collimated parallel emergent lights through an array transmission unit;
(3) As shown in fig. 14 to 15, when the outgoing light transmitted through the first micro lens unit of the array transmission unit needs to be inputted into the optical system, all the micro mirrors of the first micro mirror unit of the array reflection unit corresponding to the outgoing light are controlled by the automatic control system to keep the initial inclination angle of 0 ° while all the micro mirrors of the other micro mirror units are controlled to incline by 45 °, the outgoing light from the first micro lens unit enters the dark field objective lens through reflection of the first micro mirror unit, the outgoing light passes through the dark field objective lens, the angle of the outgoing light is changed, the outgoing light irradiates to the focal position of the dark field objective lens, the outgoing light is modulated into circularly polarized light through the dimming unit, and when the circularly polarized light irradiates to the skin surface, the outgoing light is transmitted and back scattered at micro blood vessels in the skin; the scattered light part with random propagation direction enters the dark field objective lens, passes through the light splitting unit, is imaged by the imaging unit, and is displayed on the imaging module to form a two-dimensional image;
(3) The micromirrors of other arrays of the array reflecting unit are sequentially controlled by the automatic control system, so that a plurality of emergent lights passing through the array transmitting unit sequentially enter the dark field objective lens and are imaged, a plurality of images of the same shooting position irradiated by light sources at different positions are obtained by the imaging module, and a three-dimensional image of the microvascular is obtained by a photometric three-dimensional measurement method.
Example 2
Unlike embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 4 to 5, the dimming unit is disposed between the array transmissive unit and the array reflective unit, that is, the outgoing light of the light source is collimated and split into multiple beams, and then the beams are modulated into circularly polarized light. The procedure is as in example 1.
In the method for detecting human body microcirculation using the present three-dimensional imaging device, unlike in embodiment 1, the outgoing light of the light source is collimated and split into a plurality of beams, and then the beams are modulated into circularly polarized light and then enter the optical system. The procedure is as in example 1.
Example 3
Unlike embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 6 to 7, the dimming unit is disposed between the array reflection unit and the light splitting unit, that is, the adjusted light beam required to enter the optical system is modulated into circularly polarized light before entering the optical system. The procedure is as in example 1.
In the method for detecting human body microcirculation using the present three-dimensional imaging device, the difference from embodiment 1 is that the adjusted light beam to be entered into the optical system is modulated into circularly polarized light before entering into the optical system. The procedure is as in example 1.
Example 4
Unlike embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 8 to 9, a dimming unit is provided between the spectroscopic unit and the dark field objective lens, that is, a beam which is required to enter the optical system after being dispersed is modulated into circularly polarized light before entering the optical system. The procedure is as in example 1.
In the method for detecting the ultrastructure of the human microvasculature by using the three-dimensional imaging device, the difference from the embodiment 1 is that the beam which is split and needs to enter the optical system is modulated into circularly polarized light and then enters the optical system. The procedure is as in example 1.
Example 5
Unlike in example 1, as shown in fig. 10 to 11, the dimming unit is provided at the front end of the dark field objective lens, that is, the light beam is modulated into circularly polarized light before being irradiated to the object to be measured, and then irradiated to the object to be measured, and the light beam with blood flow information after being scattered inside the blood vessel is returned to the optical system. The procedure is as in example 1.
In the method for detecting the human body microvascular ultrastructure by using the three-dimensional imaging device, light beams are modulated into circularly polarized light before being irradiated to an object to be detected, then the circularly polarized light is irradiated to the object to be detected, and the light beams with blood flow information after being scattered in blood vessels return to an optical system. The procedure is as in example 1.
Claims (8)
1. A three-dimensional imaging device for detecting human microvascular ultrastructure, which is characterized in that: at least comprises:
a light source module for emitting a plurality of collimated and parallel outgoing light beams;
a dimming unit (2) for adjusting the outgoing light into circularly polarized light;
an array reflection unit (4) for sequentially irradiating a plurality of outgoing lights into the dark field objective lens;
a light-splitting unit (5) for partially reflecting and partially transmitting light;
a dark field objective lens (6) for focusing the annular incident light incident in sequence on the focal position;
an imaging unit (8) for imaging;
a presentation module (9) for presenting an image;
the light source module comprises a light source (1) and an array transmission unit (3) which is arranged in the emergent light direction and is used for adjusting the light source into a plurality of collimated parallel emergent lights;
the dimming unit (2) is positioned between the light source (1) and the array transmission unit (3) or between the array transmission unit (3) and the array reflection unit (4) or between the array reflection unit (4) and the light splitting unit (5) or between the light splitting unit (5) and the dark field objective lens (6) or at the front end of the dark field objective lens (6).
2. The three-dimensional imaging device for detecting human microvascular ultrastructures as recited in claim 1, wherein: the array transmission unit (3) is a micro lens array.
3. The three-dimensional imaging device for detecting human microvascular ultrastructures as recited in claim 1, wherein: the array reflecting unit (4) is a micro-mirror array.
4. A three-dimensional imaging device for detecting human microvascular ultrastructures as recited in claim 3, wherein: the array arrangement of the micro-mirror array corresponds to the array arrangement of the micro-lens array.
5. The three-dimensional imaging device for detecting human microvascular ultrastructures as recited in claim 1, wherein: the light adjusting unit (2) is a 1/4 wavelength plate or a 1/4 phase difference film.
6. The three-dimensional imaging device for detecting human microvascular ultrastructures as recited in claim 1, wherein: the light splitting unit (5) is a semi-transparent mirror or a non-polarized light splitter.
7. The three-dimensional imaging device for detecting human microvascular ultrastructures as claimed in claim 1 or 6, wherein: the side part of the light splitting unit (5) is provided with a light shielding plate (7) for blocking the light transmitted through the light splitting unit.
8. The three-dimensional imaging device for detecting human microvascular ultrastructures as recited in claim 1, wherein: the light source module, the dimming unit (2), the array reflection unit (4), the light splitting unit (5), the dark field objective lens (6), the imaging unit (8) and the imaging module (9) are provided with a fixed frame (10) at the periphery.
Priority Applications (1)
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