CN106443520A - Biaxial atomic spinning magnetometer - Google Patents
Biaxial atomic spinning magnetometer Download PDFInfo
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- CN106443520A CN106443520A CN201610984858.5A CN201610984858A CN106443520A CN 106443520 A CN106443520 A CN 106443520A CN 201610984858 A CN201610984858 A CN 201610984858A CN 106443520 A CN106443520 A CN 106443520A
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- alkali metal
- air chamber
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/032—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using magneto-optic devices, e.g. Faraday or Cotton-Mouton effect
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Abstract
The invention discloses a biaxial atomic spinning magnetometer. The biaxial atomic spinning magnetometer comprises an alkali metal gas chamber, non-magnetic electric heating equipment, a three-dimensional magnetic coil, a magnetic shielding layer, a pumping laser module and a detecting laser module. The alkali metal gas chamber is filled with alkali metal atoms, a quenching gas and a buffering gas; the non-magnetic electric heating equipment and the magnetic shielding layer enable the alkali metal atoms to work in a high-temperature and low-magnetic field environment, and ensure the alkali metal atoms in a non-spinning exchange relaxation state; the pumping laser module is used for polarizing the alkali metal atoms; the detecting laser module comprises two beams of independent detecting laser which are perpendicular to each other, and are used for sensing the magnetic field intensity in two directions which are perpendicular to each other simultaneously; measurement results are demodulated through a phase-locked amplifier. The biaxial atomic spinning magnetometer can acquire biaxial magnetic field information simultaneously through one alkali metal gas chamber, has the characteristics of high sensitivity, high integration degree and low cost, and has a wide application prospect in the fields of brain magnetic measurement, magnetocardiographic measurement and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to gaussmeter technical field, and in particular to a kind of twin shaft atomic spin gaussmeter, can obtain simultaneously double
Axial vector Magnetic Field, have the advantages that sensitivity height, the high and low cost of integrated level, advantageously forms magnetometer array, can answer
For fields such as heart magnetic, brain magnetic measurements.
Background technology
With the fast development of social economy, the demand for Exceedingly feeble magnetic field measurement is increasingly urgent, especially in Medical treatment device
Tool and the under water field such as antisubmarine, the therefore development of hypersensitivity gaussmeter directly affects lifting and the people of national comprehensive strength
People's growth in the living standard.Superconducting quantum magnetometer (SQUID) is to use most wide gaussmeter in higher sensitivity at present, but its
Need to be operated under condition of ultralow temperature, therefore it is required that stable cooling system is provided, cause the big and high cost of equipment volume.Closely
Nian Lai, as people are deepened continuously to the exploration of quantum physics, by the no spin of the Romalis group proposition of Princeton University
Exchange relaxation (Spin Exchange Relaxation Free Regime, SERF) atom magnetometer (abbreviation SERF gaussmeter)
There is high theoretical sensitivity, and have been carried out the sub- winged spy's magnitude of low frequency magnetic field measurement sensitivity up till now, exceed well over SQUID
Performance, but the low frequency magnetic field measurement sensitivity of only single shaft SERF atom magnetometer can reach fly spy magnitude, measurement efficiency
Low, it is unfavorable for forming the high magnetometer array of integrated level.
Content of the invention
The technology solve problem of the present invention is：Overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide that a kind of sensitivity is high, integrated level is high
Twin shaft SERF atom magnetometer, can measure to the magnetic field of both direction simultaneously, improve measurement efficiency.
Technical scheme is as follows：A kind of twin shaft atomic spin gaussmeter, adds including alkali metal air chamber 12, no magnetoelectricity
Hot equipment 13, three-dimensional magnetic coil 14, magnetic masking layer 15, pumping laser module 18 and detection laser module 19.Alkali metal air chamber 12
Atom magnetometer center is installed on, its external structure is followed successively by no magnetoelectricity firing equipment 13, three-dimensional magnetic coil 14 and magnetic shield
Layer 15, wherein no magnetoelectricity firing equipment 13 is used for heating alkali metal air chamber 12, and three-dimensional magnetic coil 14 is used for nucleus formation
In direct current or the AC magnetic field of atom, magnetic masking layer 15 is then used for shielding interference of the external magnetic field to atom.Detection laser module
19 main detection light beam is sent by detection light laser 1, is passed sequentially through first polarizer 2, manipulator 3, the first quarter wave plate 4, is divided
Light prism 5 is then divided into the first detection light beam and the second detection light beam；First detection light beam is propagated along the x-axis direction, is passed sequentially through
Alkali metal air chamber 12, the first analyzer 6, the first photodetector 7, then optical signal be converted into current signal and be conveyed to lock phase
Amplifier 16 is demodulated, and for obtaining the Vector Magnetic Field intensity that in alkali metal air chamber 12, atom sensitivity is arrived, finally demodulation is obtained
Magnetic field strength date process display, wherein the printing opacity direction of principal axis of first polarizer 2 and the one 1/4 ripple in signal processor 17
Angle between the major axes orientation of piece 4, the major axes orientation of manipulator 3, the printing opacity direction of principal axis of the first analyzer 6 is respectively 0 °, 45 °
With 90 °；Second detection light beam changes the direction of propagation through plane mirror, finally passes through alkali metal air chamber 12 along the y-axis direction, and
Optical design is identical with the first detection light beam afterwards, and after sequentially passing through analyzer and photodetector, optical signal is converted into the signal of telecommunication
It is conveyed to lock-in amplifier 16 to be demodulated, for obtaining the Vector Magnetic Field intensity that in alkali metal air chamber 12, atom sensitivity is arrived, most
Demodulating the magnetic field strength date for obtaining afterwards, display is processed in signal processor 17；The pumping light beams of pumping laser module 18 are by taking out
Fortune light laser 8 sends, and propagates along the z-axis direction, sequentially passes through second polarizer 9,1/2 wave plate 10, the second quarter wave plate 11, and
After be changed into circularly polarized light, eventually pass through alkali metal air chamber 12 polarize alkali metal atom.
The pumping light beams are circularly polarized laser, for the alkali metal atom that polarizes.First detection light beam and the second detection light
Shu Junwei linearly polarized laser, the change of the detection light light polarization direction for being caused by detection change of magnetic field strength, measure y-axis direction
With x-axis direction magnetic field intensity.When by alkali metal air chamber 12, pumping light beams are propagated along the z-axis direction, and the first detection light beam is along x
Direction of principal axis is propagated, and the second detection light beam is propagated along the y-axis direction, and the direction of propagation of three light beams is mutually perpendicular to two-by-two, and in alkali
12 center Xiang Hui of metal air chamber.
In the alkali metal air chamber 12, envelope has alkali metal atom, gas and buffer gas is quenched, and work atom is alkali metal
Atom, in no spin-exchange relaxed state, i.e. SERF state during work；When gas be quenched transitting to ground state for absorbing excited state
The photon of alkali metal atom release, it is ensured that polarization of the pumping light to atom；Buffer gas is noble gases, for reducing atom
Spin collision.
The manipulator 3 can select acousto-optic modulator, light ball modulator or electrooptic modulator.
The principle that a kind of twin shaft atomic spin gaussmeter carries out twin shaft Vector Magnetic Field detection is：
(1) start no magnetoelectricity firing equipment 13 and setting temperature is heated to alkali metal air chamber 12, then three-dimensional by controlling
The magnitude of current of magnetic coil 14, adjusts the magnetic field that three-dimensional magnetic coil 14 is produced, and makes pumping light beams in alkali metal air chamber 12, the first detection
The remnant field of light beam and the second detection direction of beam propagation is compensated to zero, it is to avoid shadow of the extraneous remnant field to measurement result
Ring, make alkali metal atom be operated in no spin-exchange relaxed state.
(2) by alkali metal air chamber 12 when, pumping light beams along the z-axis direction, for the alkali metal atom that polarizes；First detection
Light beam along the x-axis direction, for detecting y-axis direction magnetic field size；Second detects light beam along the y-axis direction, for detecting x-axis direction magnetic
Field size, i.e.,：
Two-axis magnetometer electronics cross-polarization rate, i.e. electron spin steady-state response：
Wherein Equivalent Magnetic Field For electron spin longitudinal polarization rate, PxFor electronics x-axis direction pole
Rate, PyFor electronics y-axis direction polarization rate, RpFor optical pumping rate of the pumping light beams to electronics, RrelFor the relaxation rate of electronics,For test environment magnetic intensity vector, typically in winged spy's magnitude, γeGyromagnet for alkali metal electronics
Than.
Alkali metal atom under SERF state, environmental magnetic fieldTypically in winged spy's magnitude, therefore haveIgnore second order little
Amount, electronics cross-polarization rate is reduced to：
Wherein RpFor optical pumping rate of the pumping light beams to electronics, RrelFor the relaxation rate of electronics, γeRotation for alkali metal electronics
Magnetic ratio,For electron spin longitudinal polarization rate, PxFor electronics x-axis direction polarization rate, PyFor electronics y-axis direction polarization rate, BxFor x
Direction of principal axis magnetic field intensity to be measured, ByFor y-axis direction magnetic field intensity to be measured.Finally y-axis can be obtained by the first detection light beam to be measured
Magnetic field intensity By, x-axis magnetic field intensity B to be measured is obtained by the second detection light beamx.
Present invention advantage compared with prior art is：Present configuration is simple, and need not freeze in global design is
System, so have the advantages that small volume, low cost；And can be while the Magnetic Field of sensitive both direction, with high magnetic
Field measurement sensitivity and stability, improve measurement efficiency and integrated level, advantageously form magnetometer array, in brain magnetic, heart magnetic
The fields such as measurement have a wide range of applications.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of twin shaft atomic spin gaussmeter schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the light path schematic diagram through alkali metal air chamber.
In figure：1 detection light laser, 2 first polarizers, 3 manipulators, 4 first quarter wave plates,
5 Amici prisms, 6 first analyzers, 7 first photodetectors, 8 pumping light beams laser instrument, 9
Two polarizers, 10 1/2 wave plates, 11 second quarter wave plates, 12 alkali metal air chambers, 13 no magnetoelectricity heating set
Standby, 14 three-dimensional magnetic coils, 15 magnetic masking layers, 16 lock-in amplifiers, 17 signal processors, 18 take out
Fortune laser module, 19 detection laser modules.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the present invention is described in further details：
As shown in figure 1, the present invention proposes a kind of twin shaft atomic spin gaussmeter, add including alkali metal air chamber 12, no magnetoelectricity
Hot equipment 13, three-dimensional magnetic coil 14, magnetic masking layer 15, pumping laser module 18 and detection laser module 19.Alkali metal air chamber 12
Atom magnetometer center is installed on, its external structure is radially followed successively by no magnetoelectricity firing equipment 13, three-dimensional magnetic coil
14 and magnetic masking layer 15, wherein no magnetoelectricity firing equipment 13 is used for heating alkali metal air chamber 12, and three-dimensional magnetic coil 14 is used
In nucleus formation in direct current or the AC magnetic field of atom, magnetic masking layer 15 is then used for shielding interference of the external magnetic field to atom.Inspection
The main detection light beam for surveying laser module 19 is sent by detection light laser 1, passes sequentially through first polarizer 2, manipulator 3, first
Quarter wave plate 4, Amici prism 5, are then divided into the first detection light beam and the second detection light beam；First detection light beam is passed along the x-axis direction
Broadcast, alkali metal air chamber 12, the first analyzer 6, the first photodetector 7 is passed sequentially through, then optical signal is converted into electric current letter
Number being conveyed to lock-in amplifier 16 is demodulated, for obtaining the Vector Magnetic Field intensity that in alkali metal air chamber 12, atom sensitivity is arrived,
Finally demodulating the magnetic field strength date for obtaining, display, wherein the light transmission shaft side of first polarizer 2 is processed in signal processor 17
The folder between major axes orientation, the major axes orientation of manipulator 3, the printing opacity direction of principal axis of the first analyzer 6 to the first quarter wave plate 4
Angle is respectively 0 °, 45 ° and 90 °；Second detection light beam changes the direction of propagation through plane mirror, finally passes through along the y-axis direction
Alkali metal air chamber 12, then optical design is identical with the first detection light beam, sequentially passes through light letter after analyzer and photodetector
Number it is converted into the signal of telecommunication and is conveyed to lock-in amplifier 16 and be demodulated, for obtains what atom sensitivity in alkali metal air chamber 12 was arrived
Vector Magnetic Field intensity, finally demodulates the magnetic field strength date for obtaining and processes display in signal processor 17；Pumping laser module
18 pumping light beams are sent by pumping laser device 8, are propagated along the z-axis direction, sequentially pass through second polarizer 9,1/2 wave plate 10,
Second quarter wave plate 11, is then changed into circularly polarized light, eventually passes through the polarization alkali metal atom of alkali metal air chamber 12.
As shown in Fig. 2 when by alkali metal air chamber 12, pumping light beams are propagated along the z-axis direction, the first detection light beam is along x
Direction of principal axis is propagated, and the second detection light beam is propagated along the y-axis direction, and the direction of propagation of three light beams is mutually perpendicular to two-by-two, and in alkali
12 center Xiang Hui of metal air chamber.First detection light beam and the second detection light beam are linearly polarized laser, by detection magnetic field intensity
The change of the detection light light polarization direction that degree change causes, measures y-axis direction and x-axis direction magnetic field intensity.
In the alkali metal air chamber 12, envelope has alkali metal atom, gas and buffer gas is quenched, and work atom is alkali metal
One or more alkali metal in atom, generally K, Rb, Cs etc., in no spin-exchange relaxed state during work, i.e.,
SERF state；Gas is quenched for absorbing the photon of alkali metal atom release when excited state transits to ground state, it is ensured that pumping light is to original
The polarization of son, generally N2Or H2；Buffer gas is noble gases, and the spin for reducing atom is collided, generally4He.
The manipulator 3 can select acousto-optic modulator, light ball modulator or electrooptic modulator.
The principle that a kind of twin shaft atomic spin gaussmeter carries out twin shaft Vector Magnetic Field detection is：
(1) start no magnetoelectricity firing equipment 13, setting temperature is heated to alkali metal air chamber 12, typically at 150 DEG C to 200
Between DEG C, then by the magnitude of current of the three-dimensional magnetic coil 14 of control, the magnetic field that three-dimensional magnetic coil 14 is produced is adjusted, makes alkali metal gas
In room 12, the remnant field of pumping light beams, the first detection light beam and the second detection direction of beam propagation is compensated to zero, it is to avoid extraneous
Impact of the remnant field to measurement result, makes alkali metal atom be operated in no spin-exchange relaxed state, i.e. SERF state.
(2) by alkali metal air chamber 12 when, pumping light beams along the z-axis direction, for the alkali metal atom that polarizes；First detection
Light beam along the x-axis direction, for detecting y-axis direction magnetic field size；Second detects light beam along the y-axis direction, for detecting x-axis direction magnetic
Field size, i.e.,：
Two-axis magnetometer electronics cross-polarization rate, i.e. electron spin steady-state response：
Wherein Equivalent Magnetic Field For electron spin longitudinal polarization rate, PxFor electronics x-axis direction pole
Rate, PyFor electronics y-axis direction polarization rate, RpFor optical pumping rate of the pumping light beams to electronics, RrelFor the relaxation rate of electronics,For test environment magnetic intensity vector, typically in winged spy's magnitude, γeGyromagnet for alkali metal electronics
Than.
Alkali metal atom under SERF state, environmental magnetic fieldTypically in winged spy's magnitude, therefore haveIgnore second order little
Amount, electronics cross-polarization rate is reduced to：
Wherein RpFor optical pumping rate of the pumping light beams to electronics, RrelFor the relaxation rate of electronics, γeRotation for alkali metal electronics
Magnetic ratio,For electron spin longitudinal polarization rate, PxFor electronics x-axis direction polarization rate, PyFor electronics y-axis direction polarization rate, BxFor x
Direction of principal axis magnetic field intensity to be measured, ByFor y-axis direction magnetic field intensity to be measured.Finally y-axis can be obtained by the first detection light beam tested
Magnetic field intensity By, tested magnetic field intensity B of x-axis is obtained by the second detection light beamx.
The content not being described in detail in description of the invention belongs to prior art known to professional and technical personnel in the field：
Without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention and the appended claims, any replacement for carrying out and improvement are all allowed,
Also in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of twin shaft atomic spin gaussmeter, it is characterised in that：Including alkali metal air chamber (12), no magnetoelectricity firing equipment
(13), three-dimensional magnetic coil (14), magnetic masking layer (15), pumping laser module (18) and detection laser module (19)；Alkali metal gas
Room (12) is installed on atom magnetometer center, its external structure be radially followed successively by no magnetoelectricity firing equipment (13), three
Dimension magnetic coil (14) and magnetic masking layer (15)；The main detection light beam of detection laser module (19) is sent by detection light laser (1),
Pass sequentially through first polarizer (2), manipulator (3), the first quarter wave plate (4), Amici prism (5) and be then divided into the first detection light
Bundle and the second detection light beam；First detection light beam is propagated along the x-axis direction, passes sequentially through alkali metal air chamber (12), the first analyzer
(6), the first photodetector (7), then optical signal be converted into the signal of telecommunication and be conveyed to lock-in amplifier (16) and be demodulated, use
In the Vector Magnetic Field intensity that in alkali metal air chamber (12), atom sensitivity is arrived is obtained, the magnetic field strength date for obtaining finally is demodulated in letter
Process in number processor (17) and show；Second detection light beam changes the direction of propagation through plane mirror, finally leads to along the y-axis direction
Alkali metal air chamber (12) is crossed, then optical design is identical with the first detection light beam, after sequentially passing through analyzer and photodetector
Optical signal is converted into the signal of telecommunication and is conveyed to lock-in amplifier (16) and is demodulated, for obtaining atom in alkali metal air chamber (12)
The Vector Magnetic Field intensity that sensitivity is arrived, finally demodulates the magnetic field strength date for obtaining and processes display in signal processor (17)；Take out
The pumping light beams of fortune laser module (18) are sent by pumping laser device (8), are propagated along the z-axis direction, are sequentially passed through second and be polarized
Device (9), 1/2 wave plate (10), the second quarter wave plate (11), are then changed into circularly polarized light, eventually pass through alkali metal air chamber (12) polarization
Alkali metal atom.
2. a kind of twin shaft atomic spin gaussmeter according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The pumping light beams are passing through
During alkali metal air chamber (12) along the z-axis direction, first detection light beam by alkali metal air chamber (12) when along the x-axis direction, second inspection
When by alkali metal air chamber (12) along the y-axis direction, the direction of propagation of three light beams is mutually perpendicular to light-metering bundle two-by-two, and in alkali
Metal air chamber (12) center Xiang Hui.
3. a kind of twin shaft atomic spin gaussmeter according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described first detection light beam and
Second detection light beam is linearly polarized laser, the change of the detection light light polarization direction for being caused by detection change of magnetic field strength,
Measure y-axis direction and x-axis direction magnetic field intensity.
4. a kind of twin shaft atomic spin gaussmeter according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Alkali metal air chamber (12)
Include alkali metal atom, gas and buffer gas are quenched.
5. a kind of twin shaft atomic spin gaussmeter according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described manipulator (3) are sound
Photomodulator, light ball modulator or electrooptic modulator.
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