CN106019259B - Laser frequency discrimination device and frequency discrimination method based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer - Google Patents
Laser frequency discrimination device and frequency discrimination method based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer Download PDFInfo
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- CN106019259B CN106019259B CN201610538829.6A CN201610538829A CN106019259B CN 106019259 B CN106019259 B CN 106019259B CN 201610538829 A CN201610538829 A CN 201610538829A CN 106019259 B CN106019259 B CN 106019259B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
- G01S7/486—Receivers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/95—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
- G01S7/4816—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of receivers alone
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
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- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
- Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of laser frequency discrimination device and frequency discrimination method based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer.It includes three sheets of reflecting mirrors, the special prism of four pieces of different shapes and size, quarter-wave plate, triangular prism, one-dimensional piezoelectric position moving stage, two pieces of Wollaston polarizers, two panels convergent lens, four single-element detector compositions, can there are the single longitudinal mode of small frequency difference or more longitudinal mode collimated laser beams to be divided into four beam relative energies according to the different and different emergent light of incident light frequency successively incident twice, detect the energy per beam emergent light simultaneously with four single-element detectors again, four channel energies corresponding to incident light twice are detected the difference on the frequency that can is finally inversed by two incident lights.Advantage of this system is that：It is compact-sized, optical path difference can coarse adjustment also fine scanning, detection accuracy is high, and multilongitudianl-mode laser can be used incident, relatively low to request detector, particularly suitable for the various Doppler lidar frequency discrimination systems based on mobile platform such as vehicle-mounted, airborne.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of laser frequency identification systems, and in particular to a kind of laser mirror based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer
Frequency device and frequency discrimination method.
Background technology
Doppler lidar is often used to measure the translational speed of wind speed or hard goal, distant in atmospheric physics, meteorology
All it is widely used in sense, military weapon, wherein the Doppler frequency shift device for being used for measuring light is essential in these applications
Core.Detection method used in current worldwide Doppler lidar is substantially divided to two kinds, coherent detection and
Non-coherent detection.Direct detection is also in non-coherent detection, and direct detection is divided into edge sense technology and fringe technique two again
Kind, Edge check identifies the frequency displacement of laser caused by wind speed or moving target with narrow band pass filter, and striped imaging is done with F-P
Interferometer, Fizeau interferometers, the interference fringe and frequency of Michelson interferometers or Mach-Zehnder (Mach Zeng De) interferometer
The corresponding relation identification of rate launches light and receives the difference on the frequency between echo so as to be finally inversed by the mobile speed of wind speed or moving target
Degree, both technologies under common operating mode can normal work and each advantageous, but system is once placed on mobile platform
On it is such as vehicle-mounted or even spaceborne, both technologies face excessively complicated and huge again, and structure is not sufficiently stable, it is desirable to which tested light is
Single longitudinal mode laser, the problems such as some requirement on devices constant temperatures.The present invention exactly devises a kind of to laser for such case
Device precision frequency stabilization requires very low, insensitive to temperature change, do not require LASER Light Source must single longitudinal mode it is incident, once each part
Fixed laser frequency discrimination device is with regard to a kind of sufficiently stable laser frequency discrimination device based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer.Here Mach was once
The Mach-Zehnder interferometer of Deccan interferometer and non-striped imaging type, but a kind of Mach Zeng Degan of the non-striped imaging of four-way
Interferometer, it is used for anemometry laser radar based on one kind that the people of Zhao YanLiu and Takao Kobayashi bis- propose in nineteen ninety-five
The device of middle detection frequency displacement, is the improvement to original device, compared to original device, more compact structure causes this airborne or even spaceborne laser
Frequency discrimination device is possibly realized, and optical path difference is adjustable and is beneficial to adjustment, data acquisition and inverting laser frequency, can receive more longitudinal modes and enter
Penetrate laser and expand the application of laser frequency discrimination device.Because this laser frequency discrimination device and frequency discrimination method do not utilize striped
Imaging technique, a kind of edge sense technology can be classified as.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of laser radar frequency discrimination device and frequency discrimination method that can detect frequency displacement so that more
General Le laser radar Wind measurement, the detection of hard goal translational speed have one kind to receive more longitudinal mode incident lasers, by temperature shadow
Ring small, low to the requirement of laser precision frequency stabilization and stably, reliable, compact frequency discrimination device.
In order to achieve the above object, the laser frequency discrimination device in the present invention is by the first speculum 1, the second speculum 4, and the 3rd
Speculum 7, the first special prism 2, the second special prism 3, the 3rd special prism 8, the 4th special prism 9, triangular prism 6, one
Tie up piezoelectric position moving stage 5, quarter-wave plate 10, the first Wollaston polarizer 11, the second Wollaston polarizer 12, the first meeting
Poly- lens 13, the second convergent lens 14, first module detector 15, second unit detector 16, third unit detector 17, the
Four single-element detectors 18 collectively constitute.
Described the first speculum 1, the second speculum 4, the 3rd speculum 7, triangular prism 6, quarter-wave plate 10
Highly it is no more than minimum altitude in the first special prism 2, the second special prism 3, the 3rd special prism 8, the 4th special prism 9
Half.
The described lower section of triangular prism 6 is equipped with the one-dimensional piezoelectricity to accurate control and scanning laser frequency discrimination device optical path difference
Displacement platform 5.
Parallel incident reference laser or tested laser beam pass through anti-with the first speculum 1 of incident light axis placement at 45 °
Penetrate rear vertical incidence and enter the first special prism 2, plated in the adjacent second special prism 3 of the first special prism 2 and partly
So that on the face of semi-transparent semi-reflecting film, the light beam containing reference laser or the light energy of tested laser 50% is through the through a quarter in this face
Wave plate 10 simultaneously passes through quarter-wave plate 10, and the light in addition containing reference laser or the light energy of tested laser 50% reflects herein
Return inside the first special prism 2, and another face parallel in the face with being partly plated with semi-transparent semi-reflecting film is reflected again, instead
Penetrate light and pass through the first special 2 and second special prism 3 of prism again, reach the second speculum 4 placed with the angle at 45 ° of optical axis herein
And triangular prism 6 is reflected to, it is emitted to and optical axis placement at 45 ° herein after internal reflection twice is undergone in triangular prism 6
3rd speculum 7, is met with by the light that the 3rd speculum 7 reflects and is passed through the 3rd special prism 8 and reach the 4th special prism 9, this
When from the light beam containing 50% reference laser or tested laser energy that quarter-wave plate 10 is emitted with from the 3rd special prism
The same light beam containing 50% reference laser or tested laser energy of outgoing is parallel to each other, and it is special that they impinge perpendicularly on the 4th
Prism 9, it is emitted after the 4th special lifting certain altitude of prism 9 along incident light axis, exit direction is with incident direction on the contrary, outgoing
Two-beam position higher than quarter-wave plate 10, the first speculum 1, the second speculum 4 and the 3rd speculum 7 maximum height
It is and special through the 4th less than the 3rd special prism 8, the second special prism 3, the maximum height of the first special prism 2, therefore two-beam
Different prism 9 is wherein a branch of after being emitted will directly to reach the second special prism 3 by the top of quarter-wave plate 10, and another beam will
Undergo the 3rd special prism 8 and reach the second special prism 3；The second special prism 3 is incided above quarter-wave plate 10
The quilt of light beam through the first special prism 2 of arrival after the second special prism 3 is divided again after partly having plated the face of semi-transparent semi-reflecting film
Light, the light of the energy containing reference laser or tested laser 25% reach second again through this face and the first special prism 2 of experience
Wollaston polarizer 12, it is different containing different polarization point that two beam-emergence directions are divided into by the second Wollaston polarizer 12
The directional light of amount, obliquely, two directional lights are focused onto its focal plane to a branch of beam another obliquely by the second convergent lens 14
On 2 points, the hot spot energy on focal plane is received with the single-element detector 18 of second unit detector 16 and the 4th of consistency from top to bottom
Amount；It is coated with the part of the first special prism 2 on the face of semi-transparent semi-reflecting film, the light of the energy containing reference light or tested light 25%
After being reflected from the face, the second special prism 3 is undergone, is reflected by its another face parallel with the face that the first special prism 2 is adjacent
And the second special prism 3 is undergone again, before being emitted to the first Wollaston polarizer 11, divided by the first Wollaston polarizer 11
The directional light containing different polarization component being tiltedly emitted into two beams, this two-beam are converged to up to the first meeting by the first convergent lens 13
On the focal plane of poly- lens 13, hot spot falls the first module detector 15 and third unit detector 17 placed in consistency from top to bottom
On；The light beam for undergoing the 3rd second special prism 3 of the special arrival of prism 8 passes through the second special prism 3, in the first special prism 2
The another side parallel with two special prism composition surfaces at reflection once reach the first special prism 2 part be coated with it is semi-transparent semi-reflecting
On the face of film, the light containing reference laser or the light energy of tested laser 25% on this face reaches through this face to be engaged with two prisms
The one side of the second parallel special prism 3 of face is simultaneously reflected, and the second special prism 3 of the reflected beams outgoing reaches the first Wollaston
Polarizer 11, it can also be divided into oblique outgoing collimated light beam of the two beam direction differences containing different polarization light component and by the first meeting
Poly- lens 13 are focused on the first module detector 15 and third unit detector 17 of its focal plane；In the first special prism 2
Part be coated with the face of semi-transparent semi-reflecting film also have the light containing reference laser or the light energy of tested laser 25% reflected and gone out
Penetrate the first special prism 2 and reach the second Wollaston polarizer 12, two beam directions are divided into not by the second Wollaston polarizer 12
The same oblique outgoing directional light containing different polarization component, it is burnt that this two beams directional light arrives separately at its through the second convergent lens 14 again
On the single-element detector 18 of second unit detector 16 and the 4th in plane.
In a kind of described laser frequency discrimination device based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the lower section of triangular prism 6 is equipped with one-dimensional pressure
Current potential moving stage 5, to accurate control or the optical path difference L of scanning laser frequency discrimination device, this optical path difference is into triangular prism 6 and two
The secondary a branch of directional light for passing through the 3rd special prism 8 and the light path passed through between a branch of directional light of quarter-wave plate 10 once
Difference, the former light path is incident containing 50% to be reflected at the interface of the first special special joint of prism 3 of prism 2 and second
The light beam of light energy undergoes the first special prism 2, the second special prism 3, the second speculum 4, triangular prism 6, the 3rd speculum
7th, after the 3rd special prism 8, the 4th special prism 9, the 3rd special prism 8, the second special prism 3, the first special prism 2 again
The light path at foregoing interface is reached, the latter's light path contains a branch of of 50% incident light energy for what is transmitted at foregoing interface
Directional light, experience quarter-wave plate 10, the 4th special prism 9, the second special prism 3 arrive again at the light at foregoing interface
Journey, the refractive index that above-mentioned all light paths in the prism will be multiplied by prism material are included in total optical path.
During single longitudinal mode laser frequency discrimination, launch the reference single longitudinal mode of a branch of given frequency to described laser frequency discrimination device first
Laser beam, the magnitude of voltage as corresponding to four single-element detectors obtain four light intensity, then launch to described laser frequency discrimination device
A branch of and less than one laser frequency discrimination device Free Spectral Range of reference light frequency phase-differenceTested single longitudinal mode swash
Light beam, wherein c are the light velocity in vacuum, and L is laser frequency discrimination device optical path difference, and four light intensity pair are obtained by four single-element detectors
The magnitude of voltage answered.During four reference light light-intensity tests, scanning refers to light frequency, this four reference light light intensity magnitude of voltage meetings
Four four sine curves for being separated by pi/2 phase are formed, the reference light obtained according to four detectors and tested light are corresponding
Relative position relation of 8 magnitudes of voltage in four sine curves, the light frequency that can be extrapolated between the two is poor, and then obtains
The frequency of tested light.During multilongitudianl-mode laser frequency discrimination, when incidence reference laser and tested laser be multilongitudianl-mode laser when, if this is more
The Free Spectral Range FSR of longitudinal mode laserlaserWith the FSR of this laser frequency discrimination devicesysIt is identical, then still it can be examined with the present apparatus
Survey the frequency displacement of multilongitudianl-mode laser.If the FSR of the Free Spectral Range of this multilongitudianl-mode laser and this laser frequency discrimination devicesysDifference, then
The optical path difference of laser frequency discrimination device can be changed by adjusting piezoelectric position moving stage, so that FSRsysBecome and FSRlaserIt is identical,
It still can so use this laser frequency discrimination device frequency discrimination.
The first described special prism 2 is a straight pentagonal prism, and bottom surface is a pentagon thereon, and two of which has light
The non-conterminous side of transmission or reflection is parallel to each other, the side plating total reflection of pentagonal prism corresponding to shorter one side in parallel side
Film, in longer one side the portion of its position correspondence intersected with the center of the first speculum 1 and the line of centres of quarter-wave plate 10
Divide side plating semi-transparent semi-reflecting film, this side remainder plating anti-reflection film, the side plating anti-reflection film of the laser light incident of pentagonal prism.
The second described special prism 3 is straight six prism, and bottom surface is a hexagon thereon, wherein with it is first special
Opposite side corresponding to the different adjacent face of prism 2 while with this is parallel relation, and adjacent face plating is anti-reflection with the first special prism 2
Film, its opposite side plating total reflection film；Light is incident and anti-reflection film, and the two sides are plated in two sides of the second special prism 3 of outgoing
And parallel relation, the two parallel faces with it is incident or be emitted the light of itself direction it is vertical.
Described a kind of laser frequency discrimination device based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer, wherein the 3rd described special prism 8 is
One cuboid, its two side intersected with optical axis plating anti-reflection film, and the 3rd special 8, prism is increase laser frequency discrimination device
Optical path difference and exist, if the optical path difference that laser frequency discrimination device need not be very big, the 3rd special prism 8 can be removed.
The 4th described special prism 9 is a straight pentagonal prism, the shape of the upper bottom surface of this prism and pentagonal prism and
The three-dimensional bottom shape up and down of triangular prism splicing is identical, and anti-reflection film, other side platings are plated in the side that light is incident and is emitted
Total reflection film；4th special prism 9 can be corresponding by two right-angle side corresponding side surface plating total reflection films, hypotenuse in a upper bottom surface
The triangular prism of side plating anti-reflection film is replaced.
The first described Wollaston polarizer 11 and the optical axis of the second Wollaston polarizer 12 all parallel or perpendicular to
The quick shaft direction of quarter-wave plate 10, the two polarizers can be replaced with other polarization beam splitters, as long as corresponding change
The convergent lens of respective rear end, the position of single-element detector.
Three sides of described triangular prism 6 need coating film treatment, and side plating is complete corresponding to right-angle side in bottom surface thereon
Anti-reflection film is plated in reflectance coating, side corresponding to hypotenuse.
The described lower section of triangular prism 6 is equipped with the one-dimensional piezoelectricity to accurate control and scanning laser frequency discrimination device optical path difference
Displacement platform 5, its direction of motion is consistent with the beam direction for inciding one-dimensional piezoelectric position moving stage 5, and scanning system optical path difference can be used
To draw the collection of illustrative plates that the light intensity on four described single-element detectors changes with optical path difference, control system optical path difference is then in order to full
The demand of regulation optical path difference in some application-specifics of foot, for example searching system highest signal to noise ratio operating point can be used for.
Described the first speculum 1, the second speculum 4, the 3rd speculum 7, triangular prism 6, quarter-wave plate 10
Highly it is no more than minimum altitude in the first special prism 2, the second special prism 3, the 3rd special prism 8, the 4th special prism 9
Half.
A kind of described laser frequency discrimination device based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer can use other polarization beam splitting device generations
For Wollaston polarizer by the horizontal polarization light component and vertical polarization light component separate detection of incident light therein.
The 3rd described special prism 8 is only to increase laser frequency discrimination device optical path difference and exist, as being not required in application-specific
Larger optical path difference is wanted, this prism can be removed.
The frequency discrimination method step of laser frequency discrimination device is as follows：
First incident a branch of reference laser light beam is recorded corresponding on four single-element detectors to described laser frequency discrimination device
Magnitude of voltage I15、I16、I17、I18, then stop incident reference laser beam and re-shoot a branch of and reference light frequency phase-difference less than one
Individual laser frequency discrimination device Free Spectral Range FSRsysTested laser beam to described laser frequency discrimination device, record four again
Corresponding magnitude of voltage I on individual single-element detector15’、I16’、I17’、I18', it is incident that reference laser is calculated according to following cotangent
When optical path difference L, wherein c is the light velocity in a vacuum, and υ is incident light frequency：
Try to achieve after L again using L as, it is known that by I15’、I16’、I17’、I18' substitute into I in above formula15、I16、I17、I18Corresponding positions
Put, try to achieve tested laser frequency υ, so as to obtain the difference on the frequency of two kinds of laser；Formula (1) is in the fast of quarter-wave plate above
The formula for the solution laser frequency being applicable when axle is parallel with the direction of Wollaston prism optical axis, when the fast axle of quarter-wave plate
When vertical with the direction of Wollaston prism optical axis, laser frequency is calculated using following formula (2)：
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is apparatus of the present invention pie graph, label in figure：The speculums of 1- first, the first special prisms of 2-, 3- second are special
Prism, the speculums of 4- second, the one-dimensional piezoelectric position moving stage of 5-, 6- triangular prisms, the speculums of 7- the 3rd, the 3rd special prisms of 8-, 9-
4th special prism, 10- quarter-wave plates, the first Wollastons of 11- polarizer, the second Wollastons of 12- polarizer, 13-
First convergent lens, the convergent lenses of 14- second, 15- first modules detector, 16- second units detector, 17- third units
Detector, the single-element detectors of 18- the 4th.
Fig. 2 is that to remove one-dimensional piezoelectric position moving stage, two convergent lenses, the laser frequency discrimination device of four single-element detectors three-dimensional
View.
Fig. 3 is to overlook part light path of the incident beam before present apparatus bottom incides the 4th special prism 9 under visual angle to show
It is intended to.
Fig. 4 is the light path schematic diagram of light beam quilt " lifting " in the 4th special prism 9 under horizontal view angle.
Fig. 5 is before overlooking the light beam two Wollaston polarizers 11,12 of arrival being emitted under visual angle from the 4th special prism 9
Part light path schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is triangular prism 6 and the position relationship 3-D view of one-dimensional piezoelectric position moving stage 5.
Fig. 7 looks squarely each Wollaston polarizer and the corresponding convergent lens in its rear end, two detectors under visual angle
Position relationship schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 is not consider to receive the graph of a relation that light intensity changes with incident light frequency on lower four detectors of various errors.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is the example for overlooking a kind of laser frequency discrimination device based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer described under visual angle.Fig. 2 is
Except convergent lens 13,14, single-element detector 15,16,17,18, the space three-dimensional of all elements outside one-dimensional piezoelectric position moving stage 5 regards
Figure, clearly reflect the relative size and position relationship of main element.Using the place layer of the first speculum 1 as bottom, bottom is also
There are the second speculum 2, the 3rd speculum 3, triangular prism 6, quarter-wave plate 10, with the first Wollaston polarizer 11,
Layer where two Wollaston polarizers 12, the first convergent lens 13, the second convergent lens 14 is top layer, first module detector
15th, the position higher in top layer of second unit detector 16, third unit detector 17, the 4th single-element detector 18 are in top layer
In relatively low position.First module detector 15 and the position of third unit detector 17 overlap when top view is observed, second unit
Detector 16 and the position of the 4th single-element detector 18 overlap；First special prism 2, the second special prism 3, the 3rd special prism 8,
The height covering bottom and top layer of 4th special prism 9, i.e. their height are about speculum 1,2,3, triangular prism 6, four points
One of twice of wave plate 10.
A branch of reference laser or tested laser are in 45 ° of first speculums of incidence 1 of bottom, and direction of advance is by upward in Fig. 1
Direction is changed to right direction, the special prism 2 of vertical incidence first, the bottom in the first special 2 and second special prism 3 of prism
Transmission as shown in Figure 3, the sides of two prisms all makes incident light be split at interface (specifically quilt by coating film treatment
The part light splitting for being plated with semi-transparent semi-reflecting film in composition surface on the first special prism 2), contain reference laser or tested laser
The light transmission composition surface of 50% light energy and the second special prism 3, in addition containing reference laser or the light energy of tested laser 50%
The light of light energy reflect the composition surface and reflected in another side of the first special prism 2, then through the first special edge
2 and second special prism 3 of mirror.Hereafter initial incident reference laser or tested laser are contained from what the second special prism 3 was emitted
The two-beam of 50% energy advances to the right bottom is parallel, and wherein light beam goes directly fast axle in system level direction (in top view
Vertical direction) quarter-wave plate 10, the polarized component on the slow-axis direction of this light beam obtainsPhase delay, pass through
Quarter-wave plate 10 reaches the 4th special prism 9；Light beam is made to advance to the right by anti-with optical axis herein at 45 ° tilting second
Penetrate mirror 4 and reflex to triangular prism 6, side corresponding to right-angle side is plated by plating total reflection film, hypotenuse in bottom surface on this triangular prism 6
Anti-reflection film, it is set to advance downwards upward incident light reflection, arrival and light direction of advance the 3rd tilting speculum 7 at 45 °,
Transferred to advance to the right, vertical incidence and the 3rd special prism 8 for being emitted cuboid, reach the 4th special prism 9.Here
It can all be reached from the two-beam of the special interface of prism 3 transmission of the first special prism 2 and second and reflection different light path of passing by
The lower floor of 4th special prism 9, two-beam light path in the 4th special prism 9 when system level direction is observed are as shown in Figure 4.
The top half of 4th special prism is the pentagonal prism of a standard, and the latter half is a triangular prism, and they are combined
The angle of each side of the 4th special prism 9 formed together enables the light in bottom glancing incidence to go out in top layer level
Penetrate.In system top view Fig. 1, the two-beam that is emitted to the left from the 4th special prism 9, above a branch of directly to reach second special
Prism 3, below it is a branch of reach the second special prism 3 by the 3rd special prism 8, two-beam is in the first special He of prism 2 afterwards
Light path in second special prism 3 is as shown in figure 5, the two is all split again at the composition surface of two prisms, finally from digonous
Mirror has been emitted four bundles light, but this four bundles light overlaps two-by-two, is still two-beam in spatial distribution.This two-beam passes through again respectively
The first Wollaston polarizer 11 and the second Wollaston polarizer 12 are crossed, wherein respective P-polarization component and S-polarization component quilt
It is single that first convergent lens 13, the second convergent lens 14 converge to first module detector 15, third unit detector 17 and second
First detector 16, the 4th single-element detector 18, as shown in Figure 7.
So far, for the first time in the first special 2 and second special prism 3 of prism after a branch of tested laser or reference laser incidence
Composition surface punishment light, two-beam undergoes (space of being met again at the composition surface of foregoing two prisms after the transmission in different paths
On meeting and), the difference of light path that this two-beam is passed by (including in air and in prism material) is the optical path difference L of system.
A kind of described laser frequency discrimination device based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer, it is characterised in that：Described first is special
Prism 2 is a straight pentagonal prism, and bottom surface is a pentagon thereon, and two of which has the non-conterminous side of light transmission or reflection
It is parallel to each other, the side plating total reflection film of pentagonal prism corresponding to shorter one side in parallel side, itself in longer one side and
The surface plating semi-transparent semi-reflecting film for the position correspondence that the center of one speculum 1 and the line of centres of quarter-wave plate 10 intersect, this
Side remainder plating anti-reflection film, the side plating anti-reflection film of the laser light incident of pentagonal prism.
A kind of described laser frequency discrimination device based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer, it is characterised in that：Described second is special
Prism 3 is straight six prism, and bottom surface is a hexagon thereon, wherein corresponding with the face that the first special prism 2 is adjacent
Opposite side while with this is parallel relation, and anti-reflection film, its opposite side plating total reflection film are plated with the adjacent face of the first special prism 2；Light
Incident and the second special prism 3 of outgoing two sides plating anti-reflection film, and the two sides are also parallel relation, the two are parallel
Face with it is incident or be emitted the light of itself direction it is vertical.
A kind of described laser frequency discrimination device based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer, it is characterised in that：Described the 3rd is special
Prism 8 is a cuboid, its two side intersected with optical axis plating anti-reflection film, and the 3rd special 8, prism is increase laser
The optical path difference of frequency discrimination device and exist, if the optical path difference that laser frequency discrimination device need not be very big, the 3rd special edge can be removed
Mirror 8.
A kind of described laser frequency discrimination device based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer, it is characterised in that：Described the 4th is special
Prism 9 is a straight pentagonal prism, shape and pentagonal prism and the triangular prism splicing of the upper bottom surface of this prism it is three-dimensional upper
Bottom surface shape is identical, and anti-reflection film, other side plating total reflection films are plated in the side that light is incident and is emitted；4th special prism 9
The triangular prism of anti-reflection film can be plated by two right-angle side corresponding side surface plating total reflection films, hypotenuse corresponding side surface in a upper bottom surface
Replace.
A kind of described laser frequency discrimination device based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer, it is characterised in that：The first described Walla
The optical axis of this Wollaston polarizer 12 of polarizer 11 and second is all parallel or perpendicular to the fast axle side of quarter-wave plate 10
To the two polarizers can be replaced with other polarization beam splitters, as long as accordingly changing the convergent lens of respective rear end, unit
The position of detector.
A kind of described laser frequency discrimination device based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer, it is characterised in that：Described triangular prism 6
Three sides need coating film treatment, side plating total reflection film corresponding to right-angle side in bottom surface thereon, side corresponding to hypotenuse is plated
Anti-reflection film.
A kind of described laser frequency discrimination device based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer, it is characterised in that：Described triangular prism 6
Lower section is equipped with the one-dimensional piezoelectric position moving stage 5 to accurate control and scanning laser frequency discrimination device optical path difference, and its direction of motion is with entering
It is mapped to that the beam direction of one-dimensional piezoelectric position moving stage 5 is consistent, scanning system optical path difference, which can be used for drawing four described units, to be visited
The collection of illustrative plates that the light intensity surveyed on device changes with optical path difference, control system optical path difference is then to meet the regulation in some application-specifics
The demand of optical path difference, for example searching system highest signal to noise ratio operating point can be used for.
A kind of described laser frequency discrimination device based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer can use other polarization beam splitting device generations
For Wollaston polarizer by the horizontal polarization light component and vertical polarization light component separate detection of incident light therein.
A kind of described laser frequency discrimination device based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer, the 3rd special prism 8 therein are only to increase
Add laser frequency discrimination device optical path difference and exist, as do not needed larger optical path difference in application-specific, this prism can be removed.
Light in Figure 5 by the composition surface of the incident first special 2 and second special prism 3 of prism in right side is digonous due to passing through
Very thin the air gap between mirror, reflected light therein have really plated semi-transparent semi-reflecting medium by a part for the first special prism
The face reflection of film, this is an external reflectance, and reflected light has π phase loss, along with quarter-wave plate 10 gives wave plate slow axis
The light component in direction introducesPhase loss, both additional phase delays finally to detect on four single-element detectors
Light intensity signal can be represented with following formula：
Wherein I0For incidence light beam light intensity,λ is lambda1-wavelength, and L is the optical path difference of system, and c is true
The aerial light velocity.Schematic diagram such as Fig. 8 (order of four signals and the quarter-wave plate that this four strength signals change with Δ
Quick shaft direction is relevant with Wollaston polarizer optical axis direction, and two kinds of axles are parallel to each other here) shown in.Periodic intensity in figure
Signal is on the cycle of frequencyThis is also the Free Spectral Range FSR of systemsys.Successively incident twice difference on the frequency difference
Less than one FSRsysDifferent frequency four strength signals detecting by the present apparatus of light be it is different, according to intensity with
The corresponding relation of frequency, can be finally inversed by the difference on the frequency of light incident twice, and can be finally inversed by laser radar according to difference on the frequency
The wind speed of detection, translational speed of hard goal etc..Inversion method can use loop up table, can also be with some existing documents
The mathematical method of proposition, even：
Then have
, will so as to obtain the mapping relations one by one for the signal that lambda1-wavelength (frequency) and four detectors detect
The signal (electric signal represents light intensity signal) that detector detects on four passages corresponding to reference laser substitutes into (9) formula and obtains light
Path difference L, then the signal and the L of calculating that detector detects on four passages corresponding to tested laser are substituted into (9) formula can
Obtain the wavelength (frequency) of tested laser.Formula (9) is consistent with formula (1) above, is in the fast axle of quarter-wave plate and fertile
The formula of the direction of Lars prism optical axis solution laser frequency applicable when parallel, fast axle and Walla when quarter-wave plate
When the direction of this prism optical axis is vertical, laser frequency is calculated using formula (2).
Any laser has broadening in practice, the signal intensity that at this moment detector detects be incident light spectrum widening and
Ii, i=15,16,17,18 convolution, this can influence the detection accuracy of the system, and spectrum widening is smaller, and detection accuracy is higher.
Detected for wind speed, the signal that present apparatus detector detects is the spectrum of incident light and each passage theory light intensity
Transmitance Ii/I0, i=15,16,17,18 convolution.Successively twice incident light be laser be not emitted to laser in air and
The atmospheric echo that telescope receives, and incident light is if atmospheric scattering echo, then its by Rayleigh scattering and Mie scattering exhibition
Width, this can influence contrast (the i.e. I of the light intensity detected15、I16、I17、I18Relative intensity), because the broadening of Rayleigh scattering is remote
It is bigger than the broadening of Mie scattering, it is a constant after it and each passage light intensity transmitance convolution, a phase is brought to each channel signal
Same direct current biasing, at this moment the relative intensity for the light intensity signal that each channel detector obtains is only related to Mie scattering, i.e., now originally
Merely with air Mie scattering optical signal when device detects laser frequency displacement.
One-dimensional piezoelectric position moving stage is placed as shown in fig. 6, the direction of vibration and triangle of this piezoelectric position moving stage in the lower section of triangular prism 6
Prism incidence light direction is identical, and its corner is screwed, and screw is " u "-shaped, and this allows the optical path difference of user's coarse tuning system.
Control cable is arranged at piezoelectric position moving stage bottom, connects its control circuit.The introducing of piezoelectric position moving stage can make the present apparatus possess light path
Difference control and the ability of scanning, this can more easily obtain the intensity spectrum on four single-element detectors, be finally inversed by difference on the frequency,
Help to find the highest signal to noise ratio operating point of system.
Under the conditions of multilongitudianl-mode laser incidence, as long as the position of regulation piezoelectric position moving stage makes so as to regulating system optical path difference L
Present apparatus Free Spectral Range FSRsysWith the Free Spectral Range FSR of the multilongitudianl-mode laser of incidencelaserIt is identical, it becomes possible to allow institute
Have longitudinal mode light as the intensity spectrum in Fig. 8 overlaps (and adjacent longitudinal mode intensity spectrum " level " difference 1), the conjunction intensity of so each longitudinal mode
The intensity spectrum spectral line homomorphosis still with single longitudinal mode is composed, does not influence our inverting difference on the frequencies.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of laser frequency discrimination device based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer, including the first speculum (1), the second speculum (4), the
Three speculums (7), the first special prism (2), the second special prism (3), the 3rd special prism (8), the 4th special prism (9),
Triangular prism (6), one-dimensional piezoelectric position moving stage (5), quarter-wave plate (10), the first Wollaston polarizer (11), second is fertile
Lars polarizer (12), the first convergent lens (13), the second convergent lens (14), first module detector (15), second is single
First detector (16), third unit detector (17) and the 4th single-element detector (18)；It is characterized in that：
Described the first speculum (1), the second speculum (4), the 3rd speculum (7), triangular prism (6), quarter-wave plate
(10) height is no more than the first special prism (2), the second special prism (3), the 3rd special prism (8), the 4th special prism
(9) half of minimum altitude in；
One-dimensional piezoelectric position to accurate control and scanning laser frequency discrimination device optical path difference is housed below described triangular prism (6)
Moving stage (5)；
Parallel incident reference laser or tested laser beam pass through to be reflected with the first speculum (1) of incident light axis placement at 45 °
Vertical incidence enters the first special prism (2) afterwards, in the adjacent second special prism (3) of the first special prism (2) and by portion
Divide and be plated with the face of semi-transparent semi-reflecting film, the light beam containing reference laser or the light energy of tested laser 50% is through four points through this face
One of wave plate (10) and through quarter-wave plate (10), and the light containing reference laser or the light energy of tested laser 50% in addition
It is reflected back that the first special prism (2) is internal herein, and in parallel another face in the face with being partly plated with semi-transparent semi-reflecting film again
Secondary to be reflected, reflected light passes through the first special prism (2) and the second special prism (3) again, and arrival is put with the angle at 45 ° of optical axis herein
The second speculum (4) for putting simultaneously is reflected to triangular prism (6), is emitted in triangular prism (6) after experience internal reflection twice
With the 3rd speculum (7) of the placement at 45 ° of optical axis herein, met with by the light that the 3rd speculum (7) reflects and to pass through the 3rd special
Prism (8) reaches the 4th special prism (9), at this moment contains 50% reference laser or tested from quarter-wave plate (10) outgoing
The light beam of laser energy and the same light beam containing 50% reference laser or tested laser energy from the 3rd special prism outgoing
Be parallel to each other, they impinge perpendicularly on the 4th special prism (9), by after the 4th special prism (9) lifting certain altitude along incidence
Optical axis is emitted, and exit direction is with incident direction on the contrary, the two-beam position of outgoing is higher than quarter-wave plate (10), the first reflection
Mirror (1), the second speculum (4) and the 3rd speculum (7) maximum height and less than the 3rd special prism (8), the second special edge
Mirror (3), the maximum height of the first special prism (2), thus two-beam is wherein a branch of after the 4th special prism (9) outgoing will be logical
The top for crossing quarter-wave plate (10) directly reaches the second special prism (3), and another beam will undergo the 3rd special prism (8) and arrive
Up to the second special prism (3)；The light beam that the second special prism (3) is incided above from quarter-wave plate (10) is special through second
The quilt that different prism (3) reaches the first special prism (2) afterwards is divided again after partly having plated the face of semi-transparent semi-reflecting film, contains reference
The light of the energy of laser or tested laser 25% is through this face and undergoes the first special prism (2) to reach the second Wollaston again inclined
Shake device (12), and it is different flat containing different polarization component to be divided into two beam-emergence directions by the second Wollaston polarizer (12)
Row light, obliquely, two directional lights are focused onto on its focal plane a branch of beam another obliquely by the second convergent lens (14)
, the hot spot energy on focal plane is received with the second unit detector (16) of consistency from top to bottom and the 4th single-element detector (18) at 2 points
Amount；It is coated with the part of the first special prism (2) on the face of semi-transparent semi-reflecting film, the energy containing reference light or tested light 25%
After light reflects from the face, the second special prism (3) is undergone, by its another parallel with the face that the first special prism (2) is adjacent
Face is reflected and undergoes the second special prism (3) again, before being emitted to the first Wollaston polarizer (11), by the first Wollaston
Polarizer (11) is divided into the directional light containing different polarization component that two beams are tiltedly emitted, and this two-beam is by the first convergent lens (13)
Converge on the focal plane up to the first convergent lens (13), hot spot fall consistency from top to bottom place first module detector (15) and
On third unit detector (17)；The light beam for undergoing the 3rd the second special prism (3) of special prism (8) arrival is special through second
Prism (3), once arrival first is special for reflection at the another side parallel with two special prism composition surfaces of the first special prism (2)
The part of different prism (2) is coated with the face of semi-transparent semi-reflecting film, and reference laser or the light energy of tested laser 25% are contained on this face
Light reach the one side of the second special prism (3) parallel with two prisms composition surface through this face and reflected, the reflected beams go out
Penetrate the second special prism (3) and reach the first Wollaston polarizer (11), it is different containing difference that it can also be divided into two beam directions
The oblique outgoing collimated light beam of polarized light component and the first module detector that its focal plane is focused on by the first convergent lens (13)
(15) and on third unit detector (17)；It is coated with to also have at the face of semi-transparent semi-reflecting film in the part of the first special prism (2) and contains
There are reference laser or the light of the light energy of tested laser 25% to be reflected and be emitted the first special prism (2) and reach the second Wollaston
Polarizer (12), the different oblique outgoing containing different polarization component in two beam directions are divided into by the second Wollaston polarizer (12)
Directional light, this two beams directional light arrive separately at the second unit detector (16) on its focal plane through the second convergent lens (14) again
On the 4th single-element detector (18)；
The optical path difference L of laser frequency discrimination device be into triangular prism (6) and transmit twice the light beam of the 3rd special prism (8) with
By the optical path difference between the light beam of quarter-wave plate (10) once, the former light path is the first special prism (2) and second
The light beam containing 50% incident light energy reflected at special prism (3) composition surface undergoes the first special prism (2), second successively
It is special prism (3), the second speculum (4), triangular prism (6), the 3rd speculum (7), the 3rd special prism (8), the 4th special
Arrived again at after prism (9), the 3rd special prism (8), the second special prism (3), the first special prism (2) at foregoing composition surface
Light path, the latter's light path at foregoing interface transmit a branch of directional light containing 50% incident light energy, undergo four points
One of wave plate (10), the 4th special prism (9), the second special prism (3) arrive again at light path at foregoing composition surface, above-mentioned institute
The refractive index that the light path for having in the prism will be multiplied by prism material is included in total optical path；
During single longitudinal mode laser frequency discrimination, launch the reference single longitudinal mode laser of a branch of given frequency to described laser frequency discrimination device first
Beam, the magnitude of voltage as corresponding to four single-element detectors obtain four light intensity；Then it is a branch of to described laser frequency discrimination device transmitting
With less than one laser frequency discrimination device Free Spectral Range of reference light frequency phase-differenceTested single longitudinal mode laser beam,
Wherein c is the light velocity in vacuum, the magnitude of voltage as corresponding to four single-element detectors four light intensity of acquisition；In four reference light light intensity
In detection process, scanning refers to light frequency, and this four reference light light intensity magnitudes of voltage can form four and be separated by the four of pi/2 phase
8 magnitudes of voltage are in four sine curves corresponding to bar sine curve, the reference light obtained according to four detectors and tested light
Relative position relation, the light frequency that can be extrapolated between the two is poor, and then obtains the frequency of tested light；Multilongitudianl-mode laser frequency discrimination
When, when incidence reference laser and tested laser be multilongitudianl-mode laser when, if the Free Spectral Range of this multilongitudianl-mode laser
FSRlaserWith the FSR of this laser frequency discrimination devicesysIt is identical, then the frequency displacement of multilongitudianl-mode laser, frequency discrimination still can be detected with the present apparatus
Method is constant, if the FSR of the Free Spectral Range of this multilongitudianl-mode laser and this laser frequency discrimination devicesysDifference, then it can pass through tune
Piezoelectric position moving stage is saved to change the optical path difference L of laser frequency discrimination device, so that FSRsysBecome and FSRlaserIt is identical, so still
This laser frequency discrimination device frequency discrimination can be used.
A kind of 2. laser frequency discrimination device based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
The first special prism (2) be a straight pentagonal prism, bottom surface is a pentagon thereon, and two of which has light transmission or reflection
Non-conterminous side it is parallel to each other, the side plating total reflection film of pentagonal prism corresponding to shorter one side, longer in parallel side
The surface for the position correspondence that its in one side intersects with the first speculum (1) center and quarter-wave plate (10) line of centres
Semi-transparent semi-reflecting film is plated, this side remainder plating anti-reflection film, the side plating anti-reflection film of the laser light incident of pentagonal prism.
A kind of 3. laser frequency discrimination device based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
The second special prism (3) be straight six prism, bottom surface is a hexagon thereon, wherein with the first special prism (2)
Opposite side corresponding to adjacent face while with this is parallel relation, plates anti-reflection film with the adjacent face of the first special prism (2), its is right
Side plating total reflection film corresponding to side；Light is incident and anti-reflection film, and the two are plated in two sides of the second special prism (3) of outgoing
Side is also parallel relation, the two parallel faces with it is incident or be emitted the light of itself direction it is vertical.
A kind of 4. laser frequency discrimination device based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
The 3rd special prism (8) be a cuboid, its two side intersected with optical axis plating anti-reflection film, when laser frequency discrimination device not
When needing very big optical path difference, the 3rd special prism (8) can be removed.
A kind of 5. laser frequency discrimination device based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
The 4th special prism (9) be a straight pentagonal prism, shape and the pentagonal prism and triangular prism of the upper bottom surface of this prism are spelled
The three-dimensional bottom shape up and down connect is identical, and anti-reflection film, other side plating total reflection films are plated in the side that light is incident and is emitted；Or
The special prism (9) of person the 4th is that two right-angle side corresponding side surface plating total reflection films, the plating of hypotenuse corresponding side surface increase in a upper bottom surface
The triangular prism of permeable membrane.
A kind of 6. laser frequency discrimination device based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
The first Wollaston polarizer (11) and the second Wollaston polarizer (12) can be substituted with polarization beam splitter.
A kind of 7. laser frequency discrimination device based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Triangular prism (6) two right-angle sides corresponding to side plating total reflection film, corresponding to hypotenuse side plate anti-reflection film.
A kind of a kind of 8. laser frequency mirror of laser frequency discrimination device based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer based on described in claim 1
Frequency method, it is characterised in that method and step is as follows：First incident a branch of reference laser light beam records to described laser frequency discrimination device
Corresponding magnitude of voltage I on four single-element detectors15、I16、I17、I18, then stop incident reference laser beam and re-shoot a branch of
With less than one laser frequency discrimination device Free Spectral Range FSR of reference light frequency phase-differencesysTested laser beam swash to described
Light frequency discrimination device, corresponding magnitude of voltage I on four single-element detectors is recorded again15’、I16’、I17’、I18', more than following
Optical path difference L when function calculates reference laser incidence is cut, wherein c is the light velocity in a vacuum, and υ is incident light frequency：
Try to achieve after L again using L as, it is known that by I15’、I16’、I17’、I18' substitute into I in above formula15、I16、I17、I18Relevant position, ask
Laser frequency υ must be detected, so as to obtain the difference on the frequency of two kinds of laser；Above formula (1) be quarter-wave plate fast axle and
When the direction of Wollaston prism optical axis is parallel be applicable solutions laser frequency formula, when quarter-wave plate fast axle and irrigate
When the direction of Lars prism optical axis is vertical, laser frequency is calculated using following formula (2)：
。
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| CN111505637B (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2022-03-08 | 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 | Self-calibration near field imaging method and system based on two-unit scanning interferometer |
| CN112180394B (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2023-11-03 | 浙江大学 | Multi-longitudinal-mode high-spectral-resolution laser radar interferometer frequency locking system |
| CN114706225B (en) * | 2022-04-19 | 2023-08-01 | 业成科技（成都）有限公司 | Head-up display and optical reflection structure |
| CN116826521B (en) * | 2023-08-31 | 2023-11-28 | 中国航天三江集团有限公司 | Reflective atomic air chamber and preparation method thereof |
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Effective date of registration: 20200624 Address after: 201800 First Floor and First Floor of the Underground of 2398 Luyi Road Comprehensive Laboratory Building, Jiading Industrial Zone, Jiading District, Shanghai Patentee after: SHANGHAI JIWU PHOTOELECTRIC TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Address before: 200083 No. 500, Yutian Road, Shanghai, Hongkou District Patentee before: Axon Medical Technologies Corp. |