CN105928689B - Laser far field divergence measuring method and device in a kind of satellite laser ranging (SLR) - Google Patents
Laser far field divergence measuring method and device in a kind of satellite laser ranging (SLR) Download PDFInfo
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- CN105928689B CN105928689B CN201610465556.7A CN201610465556A CN105928689B CN 105928689 B CN105928689 B CN 105928689B CN 201610465556 A CN201610465556 A CN 201610465556A CN 105928689 B CN105928689 B CN 105928689B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
- G01M11/02—Testing optical properties
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/497—Means for monitoring or calibrating
Abstract
The present invention relates to laser far field divergence measuring method and device in a kind of satellite laser ranging (SLR), belong to optical technical field.The device includes laser transmitting system, hot spot imaging system and the image processing system being sequentially connected, and laser transmitting system includes laser, laser beam expanding light path, telescope and limit orifice plate；The face negative lens of laser beam expanding optical routing one and a face positive lens combine；Hot spot imaging system includes ground glass, imaging lens group and high resolution CMOS camera；Image processing system includes image pick-up card, image processing module and data processing module；Laser far field laser beam divergence measurement is carried out using apparatus of the present invention, compared with conventional method, more accurately and reliably, solve the difficulty of large-caliber laser beam divergence angle measurement simultaneously, measurement is completed with fewer equipment, it is simple and easy, save cost, application easy to spread.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to optical technical field, and in particular to the measuring method and device of a kind of laser far field divergence, it is special
It is not related to a kind of measuring method and device for being used for laser beam divergence in satellite laser range-measurement system.
Background technology
Laser far field divergence is an important parameter of laser-quality, and it can reflect diverging spy during long-distance transmissions
Property.With the increasingly extensive many fields applied to national economy of laser technology, such as laser communicationses, laser radar, Laser Measuring
Away from requiring that the far-field divergence angle of laser beam is small with space optical communication etc..The reduction at laser-beam divergence angle can effectively utilize laser
Energy, make light beam that there is good directionality and high brightness, reduce to system emission power and receiving sensitivity etc. ground
It is required that increase ranging and communication distance.So accurately measurement microscopic laser far-field divergence angle tool is of great significance.
The angle of divergence of laser emitting light beam is several, tens even hundreds of milliradians at present, collimated reachable
To hundreds of, tens microradians.Existing laser far field divergence measuring method mainly has：(1) pin hole scanning method, that is, light is measured
Shu Guangqiang contoured profile, but the method requires otherwise the pin hole of scanning must can cause larger error, separately by spot center
Outside, if tested hot spot is smaller, required pin hole also increases measurement difficulty with regard to smaller；(2) light bar method, operation is more convenient, but
It is difficult to measure after lens focus fractional laser beam in the spot size of focal point；(3) slit scan method, Gaussian beam is measured
Light distribution, it is more convenient than pin hole scanning method, there is larger error when saving the trouble of centering, but measuring, and to very little hot spot
Measurement it is also helpless；(4) focus knife-edge method, laser-beam divergence is measured by measuring the energy integral distribution map of hot spot
Angle, this method are not excited the influence of luminous intensity and beam waist position, insert chopper in the optical path, by measuring each time
The laser beam energy of section measures continuous laser its angle of divergence, but this method has larger error, is more suitable for and pulse laser
Device；(5) threshold intensity method, for the device with simple to operate, data processing is fast, but the measurement of low-angle is difficult to；(6) ablation
Method, the method do not account for printing paper burn threshold, and hot spot edge blurry when reading spot radius, have impact on the result of measurement；
(7) wedge method, it is a kind of measurement focal spot size method, i.e., by the one-dimensional Energy distribution of light beam on focal plane to determine the big of focal spot
Small, this method data processing complex obtains that the structure projection light field of big visual field is extremely difficult, and the generation of phase shift needs high-precision phase
Moving device, actual measuring system are extremely complex；(8) polarization interference method, using the polarization interference principle of uniaxial crystal, metering is passed through
Number of interference fringes determines the size of the angle of divergence, and measurement is simple, strong applicability and has higher precision, but experimental provision needs to hold high
Expensive polarizing device and crystalline material；(9) traditional over, there is larger error when disposing sets of holes in back focal plane.
The measuring method of above-mentioned nine kinds of laser beam divergences, after laser beam direct measurement, by calculating or pushing away
Lead and draw laser far field divergence.In satellite laser ranging (SLR), laser beam is launched by astronomical telescope, the bore of telescope compared with
Greatly, there is certain compression to laser beam divergence.In theory, telescope is D/d to laser beam divergence compression ratio, here D
It is telescope effective aperture, d is lasing beam diameter.For satellite laser ranging (SLR) even Lunar LASER Ranging, distant, laser
The angle of divergence is smaller, correspond to laser beam energy and more concentrates, and the distance that can be detected is more remote.Therefore, in satellite laser ranging (SLR),
Need to laser far field divergence accurate measurement and control.
The content of the invention
Present invention solves the technical problem that be overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, integrated innovation prior art, there is provided Yi Zhongke
For the laser far field divergence measuring method and device in satellite laser range-measurement system, compared with conventional method, this method is more
It is simple and easy accurately and reliably, measurement to be completed with fewer equipment, save cost.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows：
Laser far field divergence measurement apparatus in a kind of satellite laser ranging (SLR), including be sequentially connected laser transmitting system,
Hot spot imaging system and image processing system；
Described laser transmitting system includes laser, laser beam expanding light path, telescope and limit orifice plate；Described laser expands
Beam optical path is combined by a face negative lens and a face positive lens；
Laser is used to produce fundamental transverse mode Gaussian beam；Laser beam expanding light path is adapted to as laser beam and the middle of telescope
Light path, negative lens incidence end match with laser beam caused by laser, and the laser beam of positive lens exit end matches with telescope；Swash
Light device, laser beam expanding light path are respectively positioned in Kuder room；
Direction is projected along laser from telescope, is sequentially set with limit orifice plate, ground glass, imaging lens group, high-resolution
CMOS cameras.
Orifice plate is limited at the primary mirror focal plane in the front of lens cone for telescope, and limits and is provided with circular hole on orifice plate；Orifice plate is limited to use
In blocking most of laser beam from telescope injection, a part of laser beam is only allowed to pass through from circular hole；
Described hot spot imaging system includes ground glass, imaging lens group and high resolution CMOS camera；
Ground glass and the laser beam sent by the circular hole limited on orifice plate are perpendicular so that laser facula to be included in hair glass
On glass screen；Ground glass is provided with the scale for metrology laser spot diameter；
Imaging lens group is coaxial with laser beam, for the laser facula on ground glass to be imaged on into image planes；
The photosurface of high resolution CMOS camera is located at laser facula image planes, for gathering representation of laser facula；
Described image processing system includes image pick-up card, image processing module and data processing module；Described height
Resolution ratio CMOS cameras, image pick-up card, image processing module, data processing module are sequentially connected；
Described image pick-up card is used to compressing and storing the picture signal that high resolution CMOS camera collects, for image
Processing module reads and used；
Described image processing module is used to pre-process the image being stored in image pick-up card；Described pre- place
Manage as reconstruct scale and calculate laser spot diameter, i.e., actual laser spot diameter is gone out according to scale Inversion Calculation；
Described data processing module, which is used to calculate the actual laser spot diameter drawn by image processing module, to swash
Light far-field divergence angle.
It is further preferred that described telescope includes primary mirror, secondary mirror, folding axial light path, lens barrel, Horizon open frame, two
Individual torque motor and tracking servo control system, primary mirror and secondary mirror are arranged in lens barrel, and lens barrel and folding axial light path are arranged on Horizon
On open frame, two torque motors are separately mounted in horizontal type frame high axle and azimuth axis, and tracking servo control system is led to
Torque motor control telescope of overdriving points to ground glass.
It is further preferred that described high resolution CMOS camera pixel number is 2048 × 2048.
It is further preferred that described Circularhole diameter is 200mm.
It is further preferred that the working method of described laser is pulsed mode.
The present invention also provides laser far field divergence measuring method in a kind of satellite laser ranging (SLR), using above-mentioned laser satellite
Laser far field divergence measurement apparatus in ranging, comprises the following steps：
Step (1), the fundamental transverse mode Gaussian Beam as caused by laser are crossed after the conversion of laser beam expanding light path to enter and looked in the distance
In mirror, then projected from telescope, and the most of laser beam projected from telescope is blocked by limiting orifice plate, only allow a part
Laser beam passes through from circular hole；
Step (2), the laser facula picture of the laser beam passed through from the circular hole of limit orifice plate are shown on ground glass, Ran Houtong
Imaging lens group imaging is crossed, then is shot by high resolution CMOS camera and forms several laser facula high-definition pictures；
Step (3), the laser facula high-definition picture for shooting to obtain through high resolution CMOS camera is transmitted to image
It is compressed and stores in capture card, image processing module reads the image information of image pick-up card storage and pre-processed,
Then the actual laser spot diameter data being calculated are sent to data processing module；Described pretreatment for reconstruct scale and
Laser spot diameter is calculated, i.e., actual laser spot diameter is gone out according to scale Inversion Calculation；
Step (4), several laser facula high-definition pictures that data processing module handles image processing module it is true
Real laser spot diameter data are averaged, and laser is calculated to the distance value of ground glass in conjunction with Circularhole diameter, limit orifice plate
Far-field divergence angle, shown in calculation formula such as formula (I)：
In formula (I), θ is laser far field divergence,For the actual laser spot diameter data of several representation of laser facula
Average value, D are limited orifice plate Circularhole diameter, and L is limited orifice plate to the distance of ground glass.
The present invention using ground glass replaces traditional land-based target, in ground glass dead astern mounted lens imaging system with
High resolution CMOS camera.When laser beam is irradiated to ground glass, laser facula is shown on ground glass, after ground glass
Imaging lens group and high resolution CMOS camera collection representation of laser facula.Due to being gathered in frosted glass dead astern, avoid
The heeling error of image；
Because telescope and ground glass all have a segment distance apart from ground in apparatus of the present invention, it is near so to reduce ground
The influence of the atmospheric turbulance of distance.But laser is always disturbed when ground level transmits by air, therefore, frosted glass
Laser facula on screen rocks.The image collected for each width, the point position for being fitted circumference obtain the diameter of hot spot, led to
The average value of spot diameter can be drawn by crossing repeatedly measurement, that is, be considered the diameter of laser facula.According to Laser emission aperture, light
Spot diameter and between the two draw laser far field divergence apart from can.
Ground glass, imaging lens group and the CMOS cameras of the present invention can be arranged on transportable guide rail, but unlimited
In this；
The principle of the present invention：
Laser beam used in satellite laser ranging (SLR) is fundamental transverse mode Gaussian beam, and its electric field is expressed as
Fundamental transverse mode Gaussian beam is the spherical wave that the centre of sphere constantly moves forward in free-space propagation, radius of curvature R
(z) change with propagation distance Z, R (0)=∞ at waist.Fundamental transverse mode Gaussian beam confocal parameter is
Theory analysis shows that laser beam waist is located at telescope primary mirror focus and (expanded than maximum after telescope expands
When).For satellite laser ranging (SLR), rear laser beam waist diameter is expanded typically very greatly (200-1000mm), confocal parameter f reaches
Dozens of kilometres.Present invention limit orifice plate is in telescope primary mirror focal point, close to laser beam waist, therefore the laser being emitted by limiting orifice plate
The beam corrugated center of curvature is close to infinity.In addition hundreds of meters of (200- of present invention measurement spot diameter positional distance telescope
1000m), far smaller than confocal parameter f, measurement point beam curvature center is equally close to infinity, in limit orifice plate and measurement hot spot
Position, laser beam is close to plane wave.A part for light beam is intercepted generally in the case of almost plane ripple, its divergence is original
The divergence of light beam and the superposition of diffraction effect.Because measurement distance is limited, and beam diameter is larger (more than 200mm), spreads out
Penetrate effect unobvious, therefore the present invention intercepts the divergence of light beam can represent the divergent state of whole light beam, can be to
Lower formula describes laser far field divergence：
θ is laser beam divergence in formula (I)；D is limited orifice plate opening diameter；L is limited orifice plate to the distance of ground glass；D is
The spot diameter of measurement.
Laser spot diameter measuring principle：
High resolution CMOS camera pixel number is 2048 × 2048, due to having scale on ground glass, its hair collected
Hot spot picture strip has scale information on glass screen, and image processing module is according to scale signal reconstruct scale on light spot image, precision
Read spot diameter value.Because reconstruct scale precision is high, image resolution ratio is high, for 200mm or so spot size resolution ratio
Reach 0.2mm, therefore spot diameter measurement accuracy is high.In order to further improve measurement accuracy and weaken the influence of atmospheric turbulance,
Several representation of laser facula are gathered, calculate spot diameter diAverage value, as shown in formula (II)；
Beam divergence angle is calculated to useAs spot diameter.
Laser far field divergence measuring principle：
Laser beam is propagated forward with angle of divergence θ, distance for L two position beam diameters be respectively D andLight beam is sent out
Dissipate angle；
Here it is the principle of laser beam divergence angle measurement of the present invention.Due to D andIt can reach the measurement of submillimeter
Precision, and measurement point is distant (200-1000mm), and the measurement accuracy of the angle of divergence reaches a rad magnitude, such as spot diameter
When measurement accuracy is 1mm, distance is 500m, divergence angle measurement precision is 0.4 rad.
Compared with prior art, its advantage is the present invention：
(1) laser far field laser beam divergence measurement is carried out using apparatus of the present invention, solves satellite laser ranging (SLR) laser hair
The problem of dissipating angular measurement, eliminate directly using laser beam divergence and telescope to laser beam divergence compression ratio phase product as sharp
The uncertain error of light far-field divergence angle；
(2) slit scan method, threshold intensity method, light bar method, traditional over are required to more to the progress of multiple laser pulses
Secondary measurement, because laser beam caused by laser itself has certain shake (laser beam sensing is simultaneously unstable), and in room
Due to atmospheric perturbation, caused light beam tilts the measurement for influenceing spot diameter simultaneously with distortion under the conditions of outer, and obtained hot spot is straight
Footpath is the result after being superimposed in laser beam itself shake and multiple pulsed light beam measurement periods by atmospheric perturbation, more inclined than actual value
Greatly, the beam divergence angle error finally calculated is larger；And the present invention measure every time be single laser pulse hot spot it is straight
Footpath, the light beam tilt component in laser beam itself shake and atmospheric perturbation does not influence substantially on measurement result, therefore and slit
Scanning method, threshold intensity method, light bar method, traditional over are compared, and measurement result of the invention is more accurately and reliably.As hot spot is straight
When footpath measurement accuracy is 1mm, distance is 500m, measurement accuracy reaches 0.4 rad, considerably beyond above-mentioned measuring method.
(3) the system solves the difficulty of large-caliber laser beam divergence angle measurement, and measurement is completed with fewer equipment.Pin
Hole scanning method, focus knife-edge method, ablation, wedge method, polarization interference method etc. are difficult to measure large-caliber laser beam divergence angle；
(4) although wedge method, polarization interference method measurement accuracy are high, the measurement such as phase changer, polarizing device, uniaxial crystal
Device is expensive, and measures that difficulty is big, and the measuring method of the present invention is simple and easy, saves cost, is ensureing measurement essence
Measurement apparatus only needs 120,000 yuan or so under conditions of degree.
Brief description of the drawings
Laser far field divergence measurement apparatus structural representation in Fig. 1 satellite laser ranging (SLR)s of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of ground glass；
Fig. 3 is the representation of laser facula schematic diagram that high resolution CMOS camera obtains；
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of telescopic system in the present invention；
Wherein, 1, laser；2nd, negative lens；3rd, positive lens；4th, the first folding axle speculum；5th, the second folding axle speculum；6、
3rd folding axle speculum；7th, four fold axle speculum；8th, the 5th folding axle speculum；9th, secondary mirror；10th, primary mirror；11st, orifice plate is limited；12、
Laser beam；13rd, ground glass；14th, scale；15th, laser facula；16th, imaging lens group；17th, high resolution CMOS camera；18、
Representation of laser facula；19th, image pick-up card；20th, image processing module；21st, data processing module；22nd, lens barrel；23rd, altitude axis
Torque motor；24th, azimuth axis torque motor；25th, Horizon open frame；26th, tracking servo control system.
Laser, negative lens, positive lens, the first folding axle speculum, the second folding axle speculum, the reflection of the 3rd folding axle in figure
Mirror, four fold axle speculum, the 5th folding axle speculum, secondary mirror, primary mirror, limit orifice plate, ground glass, imaging lens group, high-resolution
Line between rate CMOS cameras represents laser beam.
Embodiment
With reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
It will be understood to those of skill in the art that the following example is merely to illustrate the present invention, and it should not be regarded as limiting this hair
Bright scope.In the examples where no specific technique or condition is specified, according to the technology or condition described by document in the art
Or carried out according to product description.Agents useful for same or the unreceipted production firm person of instrument, it is that can be obtained by buying
Conventional products.
Those skilled in the art of the present technique are it is understood that the correlation module and its function of realization that are related in the present invention
It is that computer software programs conventional in the prior art are carried on the device, device or system of hardware after improvement and its composition
It is not that computer software programs of the prior art or relevant agreement are improved or relevant agreement achieves that.For example,
Computer hardware system after improvement still can realize the spy of the hardware system by loading existing operation system of software
Determine function.It is understood, therefore, that the innovation of the present invention is the improvement to hardware module in the prior art and its company
Syntagmatic is connect, rather than is only the improvement to realizing the software carried about function or agreement in hardware module.
Those skilled in the art of the present technique are it is understood that correlation module mentioned in the present invention is performed for the application
Described in one or more hardware devices in step in operation, method, flow, measure, scheme.The hardware device can
Think required purpose and specially design and manufacture, or can also use all-purpose computer in known device or it is known its
His hardware device.The all-purpose computer is activated or reconstructed with having the procedure selection being stored in it.
Those skilled in the art of the present technique are appreciated that unless expressly stated, singulative " one " used herein, " one
It is individual ", " described " and "the" may also comprise plural form.It is to be further understood that what is used in the specification of the present invention arranges
Diction " comprising " refer to the feature, integer, step, operation, element and/or component be present, but it is not excluded that in the presence of or addition
One or more other features, integer, step, operation, element, component and/or their groups.It should be understood that when we claim member
Part is " connected " or during " coupled " to another element, and it can be directly connected or coupled to other elements, or there may also be
Intermediary element.In addition, " connection " used herein or " coupling " can include wireless connection or coupling.Wording used herein
"and/or" includes any cell of one or more associated list items and all combined.
Those skilled in the art of the present technique are appreciated that unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technology art
Language and scientific terminology) with the general understanding identical meaning with the those of ordinary skill in art of the present invention.Should also
Understand, those terms defined in such as general dictionary, which should be understood that, to be had and the meaning in the context of prior art
The consistent meaning of justice, and unless defined as here, will not be with idealizing or the implication of overly formal be explained.
Those skilled in the art of the present technique are appreciated that unless otherwise defined, if annexation used herein is without spy
Different explanation, the function of the present invention can be realized, and it is identical with the general understanding of the those of ordinary skill in art of the present invention
.
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 4, laser far field divergence measurement apparatus in a kind of satellite laser ranging (SLR), including be sequentially connected
Laser transmitting system, hot spot imaging system and image processing system；
Described laser transmitting system includes laser 1, laser beam expanding light path, telescope and limit orifice plate 11；Described swashs
Light expands the face negative lens 2 of optical routing one and a face positive lens 3 combines；
Laser 1 is used to produce fundamental transverse mode Gaussian beam, as laser ranging light source；The working method of laser 1 is arteries and veins
Rush working method.
Laser beam expanding light path is as laser beam 12 with being adapted to light path, the incidence end of negative lens 2 and laser 1 among telescope
Caused laser beam 12 matches, and the laser beam 12 of the exit end of positive lens 3 matches with telescope so that is swashed by what telescope was launched
Light beam performance reaches optimal；Laser 1, laser beam expanding light path are respectively positioned in Kuder room；
Direction is projected along laser from telescope, is sequentially set with limit orifice plate 11, ground glass 13, imaging lens group 16, height
Resolution ratio CMOS cameras 17.
Orifice plate 11 is limited at the primary mirror focal plane in the front of lens cone for telescope 22, and limits and is provided with circular hole on orifice plate 11；Limit
Orifice plate 11 is used to block the most of laser beam projected from telescope, only allows a part of laser beam to pass through from circular hole；Described
Circularhole diameter is 200mm.
Described hot spot imaging system includes ground glass 13, imaging lens group 16 and high resolution CMOS camera 17；
Ground glass 13 with it is perpendicular so that laser facula 15 to be shown by limiting laser beam 12 that the circular hole on orifice plate 11 sends
Show on ground glass 13；Ground glass 13 is provided with the scale 14 for metrology laser spot diameter；The knot of ground glass 13
Structure schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 2.
Imaging lens group 16 and laser beam are coaxial, for the laser facula 15 on ground glass 13 to be imaged on into image planes；
The photosurface of high resolution CMOS camera 17 is located at laser facula image planes, for gathering representation of laser facula 18；
The described pixel number of high resolution CMOS camera 17 is 2048 × 2048.The representation of laser facula collected is as shown in Figure 3.
Described image processing system includes image pick-up card 19, image processing module 20 and data processing module 21；Institute
High resolution CMOS camera 17, image pick-up card 19, image processing module 20, the data processing module 21 stated are sequentially connected；
Described image pick-up card 19 is used to compressing and storing the picture signal that high resolution CMOS camera 17 collects, and supplies
Image processing module 20 reads and used；
Described image processing module 20 is used to pre-process the image being stored in image pick-up card 19；Described
Pre-process as reconstruct scale and calculate laser spot diameter, i.e., actual laser spot diameter is gone out according to scale Inversion Calculation；
Described data processing module 21 is based on the actual laser spot diameter that will be drawn by image processing module 20
Calculate laser far field divergence.
Described telescope includes 25, two primary mirror 10, secondary mirror 9, folding axial light path, lens barrel 22, Horizon open frame torque electricity
Machine (altitude axis torque motor 23 and azimuth axis torque motor 24) and tracking servo control system 26, primary mirror 10 and secondary mirror 9 are installed
In lens barrel 22, lens barrel 22 and folding axial light path are arranged on Horizon open frame 25, altitude axis torque motor 23 and azimuth axis torque
Motor 24 is separately mounted on the altitude axis of Horizon open frame 25 and azimuth axis, and tracking servo control system 26 passes through driving moment electricity
Machine control telescope points to ground glass 13.
Described folding axial light path includes the first folding axle speculum 4, the second folding axle speculum 5, the 3rd folding axle speculum 6, the
Four fold axle speculum 7 and the 5th folding axle speculum 8 are located at the folding axle point of Horizon open frame 25 respectively, are used for during Laser emission guiding sharp
Light beam 12 is launched into major-minor mirror to ground glass 13；
Laser from laser beam expanding light path is successively by the first folding axle speculum 4, the second folding axle speculum 5, the 3rd folding
The reflection of axle speculum 6, four fold axle speculum 7, the 5th folding axle speculum 8, secondary mirror 9 is reflexed to, then launched again through secondary mirror 9
To primary mirror 10.
Laser far field divergence measuring method in a kind of satellite laser ranging (SLR), laser in satellite laser ranging (SLR) is stated using above-mentioned
Far-field divergence angle measurement apparatus, comprises the following steps：
Step (1), the fundamental transverse mode Gaussian Beam as caused by laser are crossed after the conversion of laser beam expanding light path to enter and looked in the distance
In mirror, then projected from telescope, and the most of laser beam projected from telescope is blocked by limiting orifice plate, only allow a part
Laser beam passes through from circular hole；
Step (2), the laser facula picture of the laser beam passed through from the circular hole of limit orifice plate are shown on ground glass, Ran Houtong
Imaging lens group imaging is crossed, then is shot by high resolution CMOS camera and forms several laser facula high-definition pictures；
Step (3), the laser facula high-definition picture for shooting to obtain through high resolution CMOS camera is transmitted to image
It is compressed and stores in capture card, image processing module reads the image information of image pick-up card storage and pre-processed,
Then the actual laser spot diameter data being calculated are sent to data processing module；Described pretreatment for reconstruct scale and
Laser spot diameter is calculated, i.e., actual laser spot diameter is gone out according to scale Inversion Calculation；
Step (4), several laser facula high-definition pictures that data processing module handles image processing module it is true
Real laser spot diameter data are averaged, and laser is calculated to the distance value of ground glass in conjunction with Circularhole diameter, limit orifice plate
Far-field divergence angle, shown in calculation formula such as formula (I)：
In formula (I), θ is laser far field divergence,For the actual laser spot diameter data of several representation of laser facula
Average value, D are limited orifice plate Circularhole diameter, and L is limited orifice plate to the distance of ground glass.
The measurable laser far field laser beam divergence of the present invention, measuring method more accurately and reliably, solve than conventional method
The difficulty of large-caliber laser beam divergence angle measurement, measurement is completed with fewer equipment, it is simple and easy, save cost.
Application example
Laser produces pulse laser, outwards launches into telescope after expanding；
Limit orifice plate is located at primary mirror focal point, and the circular laser beam for intercepting a diameter of 200 ± 0.1mm is outwards launched；
Imaging lens group and CMOS cameras are sequentially placed as described above in distance limit orifice plate 704m place, by lens
Group and CMOS cameras are adjusted on the axis of laser propagation；Imaging lens group effective focal length 150mm；CMOS camera image planes sizes are
13mm × 13mm, resolution ratio are 2048 × 2048；
Ground glass is placed at 700 ± 0.02m of distance limit orifice plate, ground glass is provided with horizontal and vertical directions
Scale, scale minimum scale are 1mm；Laser facula is shown on ground glass；Adjustment ground glass propagates its vertical laser
Direction, and hot spot is located at scale centre；
Adjust CMOS cameras to the laser facula on ground glass into clearly as；
Gather 20 width representation of laser facula；
CMOS camera images are read by image pick-up card；
Image is handled with image processing module, draws spot diameter value d1、d2….d20, data are as follows
238.2,237.6,236.2,237.0,236.4,237.7,238.5,
238.7,236.8,238.4,236.2,236.3,237.6,236.2,
236.7,238.3,238.9,237.3,236.5,236.4；
Pass through formula with data processing moduleSpot diameter average value is calculated, is obtained
Then formula is usedCalculate laser far field divergence (being converted to rad) is the ＂ of θ=10.93 ± 0.27
Verified simultaneously using wedge method, it is as a result identical with result of calculation of the present invention, it was demonstrated that measuring method of the present invention can
Lean on.
General principle, principal character and the advantages of the present invention of the present invention has been shown and described above.The technology of the industry
Personnel are it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the simply explanation described in above-described embodiment and specification is originally
The principle of invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and modifications of the present invention are possible, these changes
Change and improvement all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention by appended claims and its
Equivalent thereof.
Claims (6)
1. laser far field divergence measurement apparatus in a kind of satellite laser ranging (SLR), it is characterised in that including the laser being sequentially connected
Emission system, hot spot imaging system and image processing system；
Described laser transmitting system includes laser, laser beam expanding light path, telescope and limit orifice plate；Described laser beam expanding light
It route a face negative lens and a face positive lens combines；
Laser is used to produce fundamental transverse mode Gaussian beam；Laser beam expanding light path is as laser beam and the middle adaptation light of telescope
Road, negative lens incidence end match with laser beam caused by laser, and the laser beam of positive lens exit end matches with telescope；Laser
Device, laser beam expanding light path are respectively positioned in Kuder room；
Direction is projected along laser from telescope, is sequentially set with limit orifice plate, ground glass, imaging lens group, high resolution CMOS
Camera；
Orifice plate is limited at the primary mirror focal plane in the front of lens cone for telescope, and limits and is provided with circular hole on orifice plate；Limit orifice plate is used to keep off
The most of laser beam firmly projected from telescope, only allows a part of laser beam to pass through from circular hole；
Described hot spot imaging system includes ground glass, imaging lens group and high resolution CMOS camera；
Ground glass and the laser beam sent by the circular hole limited on orifice plate are perpendicular so that laser facula to be included in ground glass
On；Ground glass is provided with the scale for metrology laser spot diameter；
Imaging lens group is coaxial with laser beam, for the laser facula on ground glass to be imaged on into image planes；
The photosurface of high resolution CMOS camera is located at laser facula image planes, for gathering representation of laser facula；
Described image processing system includes image pick-up card, image processing module and data processing module；Described high-resolution
Rate CMOS cameras, image pick-up card, image processing module, data processing module are sequentially connected；
Described image pick-up card is used to compressing and storing the picture signal that high resolution CMOS camera collects, for image procossing
Module reads and used；
Described image processing module is used to pre-process the image being stored in image pick-up card；Described pretreatment is
Reconstruct scale and calculate laser spot diameter, i.e., actual laser spot diameter is gone out according to scale Inversion Calculation；
The actual laser spot diameter calculating laser that described data processing module is used to draw by image processing module is remote
The field angle of divergence.
2. laser far field divergence measurement apparatus in satellite laser ranging (SLR) according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
Telescope include primary mirror, secondary mirror, folding axial light path, lens barrel, Horizon open frame, two torque motors and tracking servo control system
System, primary mirror and secondary mirror are arranged in lens barrel, and lens barrel and folding axial light path are arranged on Horizon open frame, and two torque motors are pacified respectively
In horizontal type frame high axle and azimuth axis, tracking servo control system is pointed to by driving moment motor control telescope
Ground glass.
3. laser far field divergence measurement apparatus in satellite laser ranging (SLR) according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
High resolution CMOS camera pixel number be 2048 × 2048.
4. laser far field divergence measurement apparatus in satellite laser ranging (SLR) according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
Circularhole diameter be 200mm.
5. laser far field divergence measurement apparatus in satellite laser ranging (SLR) according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described
The working method of laser be pulsed mode.
A kind of 6. laser far field divergence measuring method in satellite laser ranging (SLR), using described in claim 1-5 any one
Laser far field divergence measurement apparatus in satellite laser ranging (SLR), it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step (1), the fundamental transverse mode Gaussian Beam as caused by laser enter in telescope after crossing the conversion of laser beam expanding light path,
Then projected from telescope, and the most of laser beam projected from telescope is blocked by limiting orifice plate, only allow a part of laser
Beam passes through from circular hole；
Step (2), the laser facula picture of the laser beam passed through from the circular hole of limit orifice plate are shown on ground glass, then passed through into
As lens group imaging, then shot by high resolution CMOS camera and form several laser facula high-definition pictures；
Step (3), the laser facula high-definition picture for shooting to obtain through high resolution CMOS camera is transmitted to IMAQ
It is compressed and stores in card, image processing module reads the image information of image pick-up card storage and pre-processed, then
The actual laser spot diameter data being calculated are sent to data processing module；Described pretreatment is reconstruct scale and calculating
Laser spot diameter, i.e., actual laser spot diameter is gone out according to scale Inversion Calculation；
Step (4), the true of several laser facula high-definition pictures that data processing module handles image processing module swash
Optical beam spot diameter data are averaged, and laser far field is calculated to the distance value of ground glass in conjunction with Circularhole diameter, limit orifice plate
The angle of divergence, shown in calculation formula such as formula (I)：
In formula (I), θ is laser far field divergence,It is averaged for the actual laser spot diameter data of several representation of laser facula
Value, D are limited orifice plate Circularhole diameter, and L is limited orifice plate to the distance of ground glass.
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| CN106679940B (en) * | 2016-12-06 | 2019-04-23 | 西南技术物理研究所 | A kind of high-precision laser angle of divergence parameter calibration device |
| CN106526609B (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2023-08-01 | 深圳市迈测科技股份有限公司 | Laser ranging system, device, combined device and method |
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