CN105794530A - Method for producing plant cultivating and seedling raising matrix by using cattle manure and use method for matrix - Google Patents
Method for producing plant cultivating and seedling raising matrix by using cattle manure and use method for matrix Download PDFInfo
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- CN105794530A CN105794530A CN201410857692.1A CN201410857692A CN105794530A CN 105794530 A CN105794530 A CN 105794530A CN 201410857692 A CN201410857692 A CN 201410857692A CN 105794530 A CN105794530 A CN 105794530A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for producing a plant cultivating and seedling raising matrix by using cattle manure and a use method for the matrix. The cattle manure contains a large amount of organic colloidal matters, so that when a fermented material of pure cattle manure or a fermented material of a mixture of fresh cattle manure and vegetable material debris directly serves as the matrix, during planting, the material is easily bonded into lumps due to alternate change of dryness and humidity and is poor in rehydration and difficult in scattering, and water absorption property, water retention property and air permeability are required to be improved; after a large number of research trials, the production of the plant cultivating and seedling raising matrix is carried out through compounding vermiculite and/or coco coir and/or pearlite and the fermented material of the pure cattle manure or the fermented material of the mixture of the fresh cattle manure and the vegetable material debris; in view of the characteristics of the pearlite, a planting and use method which comprises the step of covering an upper layer or surface layer of the pearlite-containing compounded matrix with a pearlite-free matrix is invented; and novel ways and methods are provided for utilizing the cattle manure and plant stalks.
Description
Technical field
This patent belongs to plant culture and the production of seedling medium and application, particularly with cattle manure with plant
Plant culture for the purpose of thing offal treatment and the production of seedling medium and application.
Background technology
Soilless culture includes water planting, air culture, substrate training etc..
Substrate refers to for replacing soil in cultivation, the fixing and material of support plant.
Substrate culture refers to not utilize natural soils to utilize soil substitute--the cultivation side that substrate is carried out
Formula.
Substrate culture and industrialized agriculture are combined, agricultural can be made not restricted by geographical environment, both can desert,
Fresh vegetables is planted out without soil district in islands etc., it is possible to the Cold Winter in the world of ice and snow creates in booth
The community dazzling with a myriad temptations that life is upright and unafraid, can make full use of bare place and various environment；Substrate owing to selecting is clean
Cleaning, it is simple to sterilization, plant is not polluted, favorably by the pest and disease damages such as soil pests, fungus, nematicide and weeds
In cleaning agricultural and the enforcement of green organic agricultural；Substrate culture also can overcome earth culture in industrialized agriculture to exist even
The deadly defects such as the secondary salinization making obstacle and soil, can plant without crop rotation for a long time, substantially increase
Output in land utilization ratio and unit are；Hole plate seedling growth sowing seeds technology the most advanced,
Can produce strong Seedling, strong sprout in the substrate of nursery factory and hole tray, neat, saving application rate of not only emerging,
And nursery can be made to do sth. in advance season, also can reach the purpose of vegetable melon and fruit anti-season listing, by substrate together with nursery stock
Plant together and also can avoid seedling-slowing stage；Substrate owing to selecting is the most loose porous, and proportion is relatively light, time potted plant
There is light, to be easy to carrying advantage, can be that a large amount of expenses are saved in sale and the circulation of landscape flower plant；
The lightest substrate also helps solid cultivation, can save and utilize and plant space in a large number, such as: roof plants
Training, aerial hanging etc., therefore substrate culture is favored especially in pot flowers field；Anticipated following 10 years,
China's substrate culture will account for more than half of industrialized agriculture, and the demand of substrate can constantly be expanded by market.
The kind of substrate is the most, can be divided mainly into organic substrate and inorganic matrix, organic host materials master
Have: the peat composed of rotten mosses, coconut palm bran, wood sawdust, bark, lichen etc.；Inorganic matrix material mainly has: Vermiculitum, treasure
Zhu Yan, slag, sand etc.；The character of single-matrix is typically difficult to meet the requirement of plant growing, in production often
Multiple substrate being often mixed to form composite interstitial substance use, composite interstitial substance can make up for each other's deficiencies and learn from each other, the fullest
The growth requirement of foot plant.
China's substrate culture at present is mainly introduced and with reference to foreign technology, is to be mostly with the peat composed of rotten mosses and coconut palm bran
The composite interstitial substance of main component preparation, China's peat composed of rotten mosses mainly produces northeastward, and coconut palm bran is mainly produced in Hainan, produces
Measuring limited, a large amount of peats composed of rotten mosses are mainly from American-European import, and coconut palm bran is mainly from Southeast Asia import, and therefore price is the highest,
And a large amount of exploitations of the peat composed of rotten mosses also can destroy ecological environment, exploited by restriction, therefore, treatment in accordance with local conditions, on the spot
Drawing materials, the substrate that research effect is good, cheap has wide market, and is paid attention to widely, in a large number
Novel cheap material is applied in substrate production, such as: bagasse, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, straw, rice husk etc..
Cattle manure produces in substrate and also has in application and much reports, such as: " Guizhou Agricultural Sciences " 2007,
35 (2): 57-59, cattle manure and stalk fermentation compost completely or partially substitute the research of the peat composed of rotten mosses；" northwest agriculture
Woods University of Science and Technology journal: natural science edition " 2009, (11): 107-112,119, composite interstitial substance is greatly
Applied research in canopy Fructus Lycopersici esculenti soilless culture；" Agricultural University Of Jiangxi's journal " 2009,31 (3): 402-407,
Photinia glabra container nursery artificial composite growth substrate research；" soil circular " 2009,40 (2): 302-305,
Different substrates physicochemical characteristic and the impact on photinia glabra growth；Chinese patent CN101663988 heliogreenhouse
Straw profit is given up plantation substrate；New medium is fallen in love with " garbage ", 2009-3-20,
news.china-flower.com/paper/papernews info.asp？N_id=207036；Cattle manure is raw
Product organic commercial fertilizer, Finance.cctv.com/special/kjzg/20090706/107211.shtml etc.,
All substrate cattle manure utilizes aspect to carry out some explorations, but the studies above and application are not entered with cattle manure
The processing condition and method of row plant culture and seedling medium is furtherd investigate, and on market, other use cattle
After the substrate that excrement produces is fermented with the tunning of pure cattle manure or cattle manure and other vegetable matter exactly in fact altogether
Product carry out publicizing and sell directly as substrate, they are entered as the physicochemical property of substrate
Go further investigation, and the most not for the characteristic of cattle manure material, select other substrate to compound with it, with
Cattle manure material is modified as the not enough aspect of substrate.
Inventor herein recognizes in the research process that cattle manure carries out organic fertilizer production: use fresh cattle manure
When carrying out fertilizer or biological organic fertilizer production, cattle manure has to pass through sufficiently to be fermented and becomes thoroughly decomposed, but due to fresh cattle
Excrement water content is excessive, needs to remove portion of water before fermentation, and otherwise sweat is difficult to, the fertilizer of production
Or biological organic fertilizer product moisture index is difficult to up to standard, and the process removing portion of water is cumbersome, and substantially
Improve production cost, in order to reduce cost, the most many enterprises all take to mix dry planting in fresh cattle manure
Physical property organic waste chip, to reduce its moisture, then ferments, but tunning is as organic
During fertilizer product inspection, nutrient content is low, and nutrient is difficult to again up to standard, also needs to add part chemical fertilizer, enters again
One step improves difficulty and the cost of production.
In order to solve this difficult problem, it is proposed that fresh cattle manure is carried out with the vegetable waste chip being dried
Blend after fermentation, then the fermentation materials after blending is used for the idea of plant culture and seedling medium, and to pure cattle
The fermentation materials of excrement and fresh cattle manure and vegetable waste chip blend after fermentation materials as the reason of substrate
Change characteristic and carry out numerous studies.
Research finds, after the fermentation materials of pure cattle manure and fresh cattle manure and vegetable waste chip blend
Fermentation materials can be individually used for planting plants, and most plants growth is all good, but passes through
It has been found that in place of some shortcomings after contrast test, mainly containing substantial amounts of organic colloid thing in cattle manure
Matter, when using directly as substrate with the fermentation materials of pure cattle manure, in planting process, this kind of material is easily bonded as
Big block, and rehydration is poor, the most fugitive, cause it to be all weak at aspects such as water suction, water conservation and aerations,
And this kind of material nutrient content is higher, and certain plants may be caused fertilizer damage and salt damage；Through grinding further
Have selected loose after studying carefully, low without organic colloidal matter, nutrient and salt content, water suction, water conservation and permeable
Property strong, Vermiculitum, coconut palm bran that price is relatively low and the perlite of substrate breathability and pure cattle manure can be improved
Fermentation materials compound, make the fermentation materials of pure cattle manure and other substrate can mutually be learnt from other's strong points to offset one's weaknesses, raw
The composite interstitial substance being suitable for various plants cultivation and nursery of output good properties；And it is broken by the vegetalitas being dried
Bits and fresh cattle manure carry out blending the water content reducing cattle manure, then carry out fermentation and can also reduce production routine,
Shorten the production cycle, improve yield, promote the utilization of waste material, and significantly reduce production cost, because of
In cultivation, it is mainly used for support and fixing plant for substrate rather than nutrient is provided, although cattle manure is mixed
The nutrient content of fermentation materials can be reduced after mixed planting physical property chip, but its nutrient content is still above conventional substrate,
Therefore can't be had a strong impact on it as cultivation and the quality of seedling medium；Set up relying on large-scale plant
Large-scale collection excrement immediate vicinity usually has some and small-sized raises family scattered, and Ji Fen center is obligated raises family scattered to small-sized
The feces produced is also carried out collecting and processing, and these feces are more miscellaneous, when these miscellaneous fertilizers mix in cattle manure, only
Wanting its mixing proportion less than cattle manure, also the quality of substrate products will not be produced excessive impact, some is little
Impact can also by the ratio of other compounding substrate be could be adjusted to improvement.
New technology and method is constantly had to be applied and promote, such as in milk cattle cultivating field at present: to use
Dry again after portion of water is removed in the squeezing of fresh cattle manure, then carry out the cultural method of packing ring with the cattle manure dried；
Milk cow organism bacterium bed cultivation method, is that the wood sawdust being vaccinated with biological inoculum is encased inside dairy cow shed, as milch cow
Hotbed, milch cow can repose in bed, the most comfortable but also can improve the temperature of colony house, milch cow winter
Defecation can be absorbed by wood sawdust and by bacterium bed biological inoculum decompose utilize, carry out by this kind of method
Milk cattle cultivating can accomplish feces natural decomposition, it is not necessary to every day clears up, but these cultural methods are when one section
Also being intended to after between thoroughly clear out bedding and padding again change, the bedding and padding cleared out the most by fermentation and contain a large amount of nutrients
Relatively low with organic matter and moisture, the most typically can use directly as finished product organic fertilizer, in this patent
In we also can be as plant culture and the raw materials for production of seedling medium.
Additionally, for perlite light specific gravity, if plantation will be placed in containing perlitic composite interstitial substance during plantation
When groove or holder or the upper strata of other cultivating facility or top layer, perlite usually can with watering proce under
Portion gradually concentrates the superiors floating to substrate, so that it loses the effect improving substrate aeration, and makes
Becoming perlite waste, this patent also been proposed a kind of for the plantation containing perlitic composite interstitial substance and use
Method.
Summary of the invention
One of the art of this patent scheme is: produce plant culture and the method for seedling medium with cattle manure, and it is special
Levy and be: the water content of fresh cattle manure is reduced to the water content suitably fermented, then ferments, fermentation maturity
After material again with Vermiculitum and/or coconut palm bran and/or perlite mixture, mixed ratio (volume ratio) is fermentation maturity
After material: Vermiculitum: coconut palm bran: perlite is 30-90%: 0-50%: 0-50%: 0-35%, formed plant
Cultivation or seedling medium.
The method reducing fresh cattle manure water content is to mix the chip of dry vegetable matter in fresh cattle manure.
Cattle manure mixes other animal wastes, other animal wastes proportion (mass ratio of dry)
Less than 40%.
The two of the art of this patent scheme are: produce plant culture and the method for seedling medium with cattle manure, and it is special
Levy and be: the bedding and padding cleared out from vaccary colony house are carried out refinement treatment, the bedding and padding after refinement treatment again with trematodiasis
Stone and/or coconut palm bran and/or perlite mixture, mixed ratio (volume ratio) is the bedding and padding after refinement treatment: trematodiasis
Stone: coconut palm bran: perlite is 30-90%: 0-50%: 0-50%: 0-35%, forms plant culture or nursery base
Matter.
The three of the art of this patent scheme are: by the using method of the plant cultivation media that cattle manure produces, it is special
Levy and be: when employing is cultivated containing perlitic composite interstitial substance, layer or top layer are with without perlite thereon
Substrate cover.
Fresh cattle manure described in this patent refers to the cattle manure higher without the water content being dehydrated discharged from plant,
Rather than fresh Yu the outmoded concept strictly divided with the time.
The water content of fresh cattle manure is reduced to the water content suitably fermented, can use Exposure to Sunlight, natural air drying,
Any modes such as drying, squeezing, and use the chip mixing dry vegetable matter in fresh cattle manure to absorb
Moisture in fresh cattle manure, nutrient and moisture can be complementary to one another between the two, beneficially vegetable matter and fresh
The co-fermentation of cattle manure, the material after fermentation can become plant culture and seedling medium jointly.
Vegetable matter kind does not limits, as long as the chip after Fen Suiing can absorb moisture, and can and cattle
In material after excrement co-fermentation, and fermentation, the content of the harmful substance such as heavy metal is less than organic fertilizer country row
Industry standard (due to plant cultivation media at present also without standard, referring briefly to organic fertilizer national standard) is the most right
The material that plant growing has no adverse effect all can use, such as: wood sawdust, various straw, various grouts,
The mushroom rod remained after Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, corn cob, bagasse, biogas residue, grain slag, Chinese medicine slag, mushrooms plantation and mushroom
Slag etc., during selection, the performance of substrate products to be considered, it is also contemplated that local circumstance, gathers materials on the spot,
And utilize promotion Development of Recycle Agriculture as target to solve local waste material.
The water content of vegetable matter is the lowest more good, preferably through naturally drying or air-dried, it is also possible to adopt
Being dried by modes such as squeezing, drying, drying mode does not limits.
To the pure cattle manure after dehydration and blended the water content of cattle manure of vegetable matter without strictly during fermentation
Requirement, as long as material is nonfluid, can bank up and can ferment, and general water content is at 40-70%
Between, optimum moisture content is 50-60%.
The fermentation mode of pure cattle manure and the cattle manure that blended vegetable matter does not limits, can be natural fermentation,
Manually bank up any fermentation modes such as fermentation, turner turning fermentation, trough type fermentation, tower fermentation；Fermentation
Time can add the leaven of artificial development；Bio-fertilizer microbial inoculum can be added before fermentation, in fermentation or after fermentation
And other beneficiating ingredient.
Cattle manure can also blend other animal wastes of part, as long as the ratio of cattle manure is in the great majority, other
The ratio (with the mass ratio of dry) of animal wastes does not surpass 40%, just belongs to this patent scope.
Germination and plant growing can be had a negative impact by the material of inabundant fermentation maturity, even can
Remaining weed seed and to the mankind and the pathogenic microorganism of plant pest, therefore sweat has to pass through height
Temperature also makes the abundant fermentation maturity of material, not only to kill weed seed etc., feces to be killed and plant completely
The various mankind in material and phytopathogen and roundworm egg etc., with the substrate of commodity selling want heavy metal,
The indexs such as excrement colibacillus group number, induced worm egg death rate are tested, reach organic fertilizer national sector standard (because of
Plant cultivation media is also without standard at present, referring briefly to organic fertilizer standard).
Material after fermentation maturity with Vermiculitum and/or coconut palm bran and/or perlite mixture before preferably first size-reduced
Sieve the refinement treatment such as roguing, the most again with Vermiculitum and/or coconut palm bran and/or perlite mixture in appropriate proportions.
The moisture of plant culture and seedling medium product is at present also without standard, planting as commodity selling
Thing cultivation and seedling medium, it is proposed that control below 30% with reference to organic fertilizer national sector standard, because
Moisture crosses conference increases cost of transportation, and the stability of substrate physicochemical property is the poorest；The art of this patent system of using
The plant culture become and seedling medium total nutrient content are between 2.0-4.5%, and generally below 3.5%, pH exists
Between 6.0-8.0, generally below 7.5, it is possible to adapt to the growth of most plants, for nutrient, pH
Deng the plant growing that index request is stricter time, nutrient content can by improve or reduce cattle manure material
Being adjusted with the mixed ratio of other substrate, pH can be adjusted with ferrous sulfate etc..
After this patent selection Vermiculitum, coconut palm bran and the fermentation materials of pure cattle manure or cattle manure have blended vegetable matter
Fermentation materials to carry out mixture be owing to Vermiculitum, coconut palm bran have loose, without organic colloidal matter, water suction is protected
The features such as the permeable rehydration of water is good, be possible not only to after mixture to improve fermentation materials in planting process easily caking,
The problems such as rehydration difference, and the breathability of substrate and water conservation and water penetration can be increased；It is former with cattle manure
The fermentation materials of material before carrying out mixture with other substrate through pulverizing, sieving, roguing etc. is essentially after processing
Powdery, owing to perlite particle is relatively big, and inside is filled with tiny space, and this patent selects graininess precious
Zhu Yan and the fermentation materials with cattle manure as raw material carry out mixture, can improve the breathability of powder base further；
Fermentation materials after the fermentation materials of pure cattle manure or cattle manure have blended vegetable matter is contained within substantial amounts of vegetalitas
Residue and humic acid material, character is similar to the peat composed of rotten mosses or peat, therefore, no longer adds in this patent substrate
The peat composed of rotten mosses or peat constituent, can be cost-effective.
The fermentation materials of pure cattle manure or cattle manure have blended the fermentation materials after vegetable matter and other composition
Can only with one or both substrate mixtures in Vermiculitum, coconut palm bran, three kinds of substrate of perlite, it is also possible to three
Plant substrate mixture together；Selection and the mixed ratio of optimal compounded materials also need according to the plant species planted
Class and planting patterns etc. are determined；Vermiculitum and coconut palm bran one are inorganic matrixes, and one is organic substrate, one
Individual meta-alkalescence, a slant acidity, but have similarity at the aspect such as loose, water suction, water conservation, water penetration,
Generally can mutually replace, in particular cases need to consider its Acidity of Aikalinity, nutrient content etc.；To base
Matter aeration can mix perlite when requiring higher, and perlitic proportioning should be limited in less than 35%, the most not
More than 25%, too high meeting makes the water retention property of substrate reduce；Simultaneously because the price of various compositions is different, for fall
Low cost, should reduce the proportioning of expensive material, select cheap material as far as possible.
Need through desalting processing as the use of coconut palm bran is previous, or directly buy the coconut palm bran of desalting processing.
Although the bedding and padding cleared out from dairy cow shed can use directly as organic fertilizer, but former as substrate
Preferably it is carried out further refinement treatment during material, the mode of refinement treatment, such as: further sent out
Ferment, although because bedding and padding fermentation the most after a while in cowshed, but for the pad just cleared out from cowshed
Material is likely mixed with the feces without complete fermentation and harmful microorganism etc., best for ensureing safety and health
It is fermented further；Pulverize, sieve, roguing；Situation according to bedding and padding is properly added other composition
Deng；Production needs to select according to specific circumstances the refined program of necessity, it is ensured that the substrate finished product excrement of production
The index such as coliform group count, induced worm egg death rate can be up to standard, and will not be to plant growing and generation of germinateing
Adverse effect.
At present with when cultivating containing perlitic composite interstitial substance, not only at planting groove or holder or
The middle and upper part of other cultivating facility or middle part or middle and lower part use containing perlitic composite interstitial substance, and often
Also can use containing perlitic composite interstitial substance in layer or top layer thereon simultaneously, owing to perlite is very light, put
When planting groove or holder or the upper strata of other cultivating facility or top layer, perlite usually can be with watering
Journey gradually concentrates the superiors floating to substrate from bottom, so that it loses the work improving substrate aeration
With, and cause perlitic waste；If layer or top layer are with without perlitic substrate the most thereon
Covering, the chance that when watering, the perlite in underlying substrate floats just is substantially reduced；And top layer and upper strata
The aeration of substrate is inherently fine, does not use perlite to affect little on the aeration of whole cultivation system；
Upper strata or top layer are with when covering without perlitic substrate, and overburden cover is preferably more than 3 centimetres；
Maybe plantation layer being divided into two-layer, upper strata is with without perlitic substrate, and lower floor is with containing perlitic composite base
Matter；Maybe plantation layer being divided into three times or multilamellar, the superiors are with without perlitic substrate, and the second layer is with containing
Perlitic composite interstitial substance, then lower floor can use other substrate, as required such as chad etc.；Use this kind
Need to prepare the substrate of two or more different ratio or type during method plantation.
The substrate produced with this patent is applicable not only to plant culture, is also applied for nursery, educates including seed
Seedling, cutting propagation etc., cultivation matrix and seedling medium typically can be general, but seedling medium typically requires more
It is thin and exquisiter, if seedling medium the most not mixture perlite needs to be controlled more less of blend amount.
The feature of this patent product:
The composite interstitial substance that this patent produces has carried out modification, planting process to the weakness of cattle manure and straw
Mesostroma prevented from caking, each side such as its water absorption, water-retaining property, rehydration and water-permeable and air permeable is the purest
Fermentation materials after mixing vegetable matter in the fermentation materials of cattle manure and fresh cattle manure is greatly improved.
Traditional substrate culture, substrate is mainly used for fixing and supports plant rather than provide nutrient, choosing
The host material nutrient content selected is the lowest, and the nutrient supply of plant is mainly provided by nutrition liquid irrigation, plants
Training needs special technology and facility, and plant culture and seedling medium that this patent produces contain plant growing institute
The amount all a large amount of, middle needed and trace element, the comprehensive content of nutrient is high and moderate, without fertilizer damage and salt damage, no
Meeting burn seedlings, can be directly used for cultivation and early stage and suitably can mend according to the floristics of cultivation without fertilising, later stage
Fill solid-state or liquid fertilizer；The substrate utilizing this patent to produce is cultivated, and both can irrigate with clear water, it is also possible to
Nutrition liquid irrigation, without substrate is carried out buffer pouring before plantation, early stage is without supplementing the nutrients, and substrate is fitted
Ying Xingqiang, is not limited by water source, fertigation facility etc. during plantation, any place and all of plantation neck
Territory all can use；And substrate nutrient content with the peat composed of rotten mosses, coconut palm bran etc. as main component is the lowest, using battalion
Needing substrate is carried out buffer pouring before nutrient solution pouring, whole process is both needed to manually provide nutrient, needs nutritional solution to join
The facilities such as system, liquid storage, irrigation, cannot successfully plant without the place of pouring and the people without plantation experience.
Although existing numerous studies in terms of utilizing straw to produce plant cultivation media the most both at home and abroad,
But substrate products in the market substantially remains with the peat composed of rotten mosses and coconut palm bran as main material production, and this
The substrate products of patent with cattle manure and vegetable waste as primary raw material, the most compound Vermiculitum, coconut palm bran,
Perlite, cost and price the most substantially reduces, and compares the most more environmentally friendly with the peat composed of rotten mosses.
The good effect of this patent:
With aqueous too high due to fresh cattle manure when cattle manure production fertilizer or biological organic fertilizer, production difficulty is big,
Cost is high；Vegetable waste is originally also required to by fermentation in time using as substrate in advance, but due to it
Carbon-nitrogen ratio is the highest, causes that fermenting speed is slow, fermentation costs is the highest；After both are blended jointly
Fermentation, not only solves the problem that fresh cattle manure water content is high, also solves vegetable waste carbon-nitrogen ratio high
Problem；Owing to plant cultivation media is the substitute of soil, primarily to support and fixing plant, it is right
The requirement of nutrient is the highest, and therefore, the substrate produced by this method can think that plant provides nutrient, the most not
Burn seedlings and fertilizer damage can be caused, be the cattle manure achieved many things at one stroke and the good method of vegetable waste process.
Produce plant cultivation media with cattle manure and crop material and open the new way of cattle manure and straw utilization
Footpath, can turn waste into wealth, and reduces environomental pollution source, promotes Development of Recycle Agriculture.
Produce the materials such as the plant cultivation media replacement peat composed of rotten mosses with cattle manure and crop material and can avoid peat composed of rotten mosses resource
Quick exhausted, prevent the soil erosion that resource exploitation causes, preserve the ecological environment.
Produce plant cultivation media replacement soil with cattle manure and crop material and carry out potted plant, be possible to prevent potted plant
Process fetches earth from farmland, destroys farmland fertility.
Plant cultivation media by the raw material production such as cattle manure and crop material is cheap, be not only suitable in
Gardens, vegetable produce and use in agricultural production, are also adapted for city and the garden of family, balcony, roof
Cultivation, is possible not only to as peasant cost-effective, it is also possible to urban afforestation is played facilitation, is conducive to raw
The construction of state garden-like cities.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1
Fresh cattle manure being made thinner, drying to water content is about 60%, then enters fermentation tank and carries out overturning fermentation,
With overturning machine and conveyer belt, fermentation material is sent in fermentation tank after 7 days, bank up again after size-reduced roguing of sieving
About 30 days, period turning 3-10 time, when the abundant fermentation maturity of fermentation material and water content are about 30%,
The indexs such as excrement colibacillus group number, induced worm egg death rate are tested, checks qualified cattle manure material and trematodiasis
Stone, perlite with volume ratio 3: 1: 1 mix, the composite interstitial substance after mixture again through heavy metal, nutrient content,
The index tests such as pH, qualified after make plant cultivation media A, can be used for plant most plants, to nutrient
With the plant that pH has particular/special requirement, nutrient content can be by entering the mixed ratio of various mixed substrates
One successive step regulates, and can be adjusted with ferrous sulfate etc. when pH is too high.
Embodiment 2
Fresh cattle manure being made thinner, drying to water content is about 60%, then enters fermentation tank and carries out overturning fermentation,
With overturning machine and conveyer belt, fermentation material is sent in fermentation tank after 7 days, bank up again after size-reduced roguing of sieving
About 30 days, period turning 3-10 time, when the abundant fermentation maturity of fermentation material and water content are about 30%,
The indexs such as excrement colibacillus group number, induced worm egg death rate are tested, checks qualified cattle manure material and trematodiasis
Stone is with volume ratio with 3: 1 mixing, and the composite interstitial substance after mixture is again through indexs such as heavy metal, nutrient content, pH
Inspection, qualified after make plant cultivation media B, can be used for plant most plants, nutrient and pH are had spy
The different plant required, nutrient content can be by adjusting the mixed ratio of various mixed substrates further
Regulate, can be adjusted with ferrous sulfate etc. when pH is too high.
Embodiment 3
With the composite interstitial substance plantation Fructus Capsici prepared in embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 in cultivation bed, first exist
One layer of chad of the bottommost pad of groove, is then layered on chad upper strata by composite interstitial substance A, and composite interstitial substance A thickness reaches
To 10-15 centimetre, finally Hot Pepper Seedling is planted in planting groove, while pouring composite interstitial substance B into by Fructus Capsici
Seedling is fixed, and composite interstitial substance B thickness is 5-10 centimetre, carries out final-period management after having planted according to a conventional method.
Embodiment 4
Fresh cattle manure is squeezed to water content about about 65% with pressafiner, fermentation of then banking up, every
Within about 3 days, with turner turning once, bank up again after size-reduced for cattle manure material roguing of sieving after about 10 days
About 30 days, period turning 3-10 time, when the abundant fermentation maturity of fermentation material and water content are about 30%,
The indexs such as excrement colibacillus group number, induced worm egg death rate are tested, checks qualified cattle manure material and trematodiasis
Stone, coconut palm bran, perlite mix with the ratio of volume ratio 3: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5, the composite interstitial substance after mixture
Again through index tests such as heavy metal, nutrient content, pH, qualified after make plant cultivation media A, can be used for
Plantation most plants, has the plant of particular/special requirement to nutrient and pH, and nutrient content can be by various mixed
The mixed ratio of aglucon matter adjusts further and regulates, and can adjust with ferrous sulfate etc. when pH is too high
Joint.
Embodiment 5
Fresh cattle manure is squeezed to water content about about 65% with pressafiner, fermentation of then banking up, every
Within about 3 days, with turner turning once, bank up again after size-reduced for cattle manure material roguing of sieving after about 10 days
About 30 days, period turning 3-10 time, when the abundant fermentation maturity of fermentation material and water content are about 30%,
The indexs such as excrement colibacillus group number, induced worm egg death rate are tested, checks qualified cattle manure material and trematodiasis
Stone, coconut palm bran mix with the ratio of volume ratio 3: 0.5: 0.5, the composite interstitial substance after mixture again through heavy metal,
The index test such as nutrient content, pH, qualified after make plant cultivation media B, can be used for plant great majority plant
Thing, has the plant of particular/special requirement to nutrient and pH, and nutrient content can be by the mixture to various mixed substrates
Ratio adjusts further and regulates, and can be adjusted with ferrous sulfate etc. when pH is too high.
Embodiment 6
Green square-bottomed bamboo basket is planted with the composite interstitial substance of preparation in embodiment 4 and embodiment 5 in flowerpot, first will be compound
Substrate A is layered on flowerpot bottom, and composite interstitial substance A thickness reaches 12-18 centimetre, then plants green square-bottomed bamboo basket Seedling into flower
In basin, finally cover the composite interstitial substance B of 3 cm thick on composite interstitial substance A upper strata, after carrying out the most routinely
Period management.
Embodiment 7
Fresh cattle manure and wood flour are blended, is about 55% to blend composition water content, then enters fermentation tank
And add microbial fermentation inoculum and carry out overturning fermentation, after 7 days with overturning machine and conveyer belt by fermentation material in groove
Sending, heap more than 30 days again after size-reduced roguing of sieving, period is every turning in about 3-7 days 1 time, pending
When the abundant fermentation maturity of ferment material and water content are about 30%, excrement colibacillus group number, induced worm egg death rate etc. are referred to
Mark is tested, and checks qualified fermentation material to mix with volume ratio 3: 1 with perlite, the composite base after mixture
Matter again through index tests such as heavy metal, nutrient content, pH, qualified after make plant cultivation media, can be used for
Plantation most plants, has the plant of particular/special requirement to nutrient and pH, and nutrient content can be by various mixed
The mixed ratio of aglucon matter adjusts further and regulates, and can adjust with ferrous sulfate etc. when pH is too high
Joint.
Embodiment 8
Fresh cattle manure being blended with size-reduced Cotton Stalk, the water content to blend composition is about 60%, then
Bank up fermentation, every 2-7 days with turner turning once, by size-reduced for fermentation material roguing of sieving after about 10 days
After bank up again more than 30 days, period every turning in about 3-7 days 1 time, treat the abundant fermentation maturity of fermentation material and
When water content is about 30%, testing the indexs such as excrement colibacillus group number, induced worm egg death rate, inspection is closed
The fermentation material of lattice mixes with the ratio of volume ratio 3: 1 with Vermiculitum, the composite interstitial substance after mixture again through heavy metal,
The index test such as nutrient content, pH, qualified after make plant cultivation media, can be used for plant most plants,
Have the plant of particular/special requirement to nutrient and pH, nutrient content can be by the mixed ratio to various mixed substrates
Adjust further and regulate, can be adjusted with ferrous sulfate etc. when pH is too high.
Embodiment 9
Fresh cattle manure is squeezed to water content about about 60% with pressafiner, additionally by fresh pig dung spiral
The cattle manure squeezed and pig manure, to water content about about 60%, are mixed, then heap by squeezer squeezing with 2: 1
Put fermentation, every about 2-7 days with turner turning once, within about about 30 days, sieve size-reduced for fermentation material
Roguing, when the abundant fermentation maturity of fermentation material and water content are about 30%, to excrement colibacillus group number, roundworm egg
The indexs such as mortality rate are tested, and check qualified cattle manure material to mix with the ratio of volume ratio 3: 1 with coconut palm bran
Close, the composite interstitial substance after mixture again through index tests such as heavy metal, nutrient content, pH, qualified after make and plant
Thing cultivation matrix, can be used for planting most plants, has the plant of particular/special requirement to nutrient and pH, and nutrient contains
Amount can regulate by adjusting the mixed ratio of various mixed substrates further, permissible when pH is too high
It is adjusted with ferrous sulfate etc..
Embodiment 10
By 3 parts of fresh cattle manures and 1 part of fresh pig dung mixing, then squeeze to water content about 65% with pressafiner
Left and right, fermentation of then banking up, every about 2-7 days with turner turning once, after about 30 days, cattle manure is sent out
The size-reduced roguing of sieving of ferment material, banks up 5-10 days after adding bio-fertilizer function strain again, period turning 1-3 time,
When the abundant fermentation maturity of fermentation material and water content are about 30%, to excrement colibacillus group number, induced worm egg death rate
Test etc. index, check qualified fermentation material and Vermiculitum, coconut palm bran with the ratio of volume ratio 3: 1: 0.5
Mixing, the composite interstitial substance after mixture again through index tests such as heavy metal, nutrient content, pH, qualified after make
Plant cultivation media, can be used for planting most plants, has the plant of particular/special requirement, nutrient to nutrient and pH
Content can regulate by adjusting the mixed ratio of various mixed substrates further, can when pH is too high
To be adjusted with ferrous sulfate etc..
Embodiment 11
1 part of fresh cattle manure 5 parts and freshly-slaughtered poultry excrement is blended with size-reduced Cotton Stalk, to the water content of blend composition
It is about 65%, fermentation of then banking up, every 2-7 days with turner turning once, will fermentation after about 35 days
Bank up again after expecting size-reduced roguing of sieving, when the abundant fermentation maturity of fermentation material and water content are about 30%, right
The indexs such as excrement colibacillus group number, induced worm egg death rate are tested, and check qualified fermentation material and Vermiculitum, treasure
Zhu Yan mixes with the ratio of volume ratio 3: 1: 0.5, and the composite interstitial substance after mixture contains through heavy metal, nutrient again
The index tests such as amount, pH, qualified after make plant cultivation media, can be used for plant most plants, to support
Point and pH have the plant of particular/special requirement, nutrient content can be by carrying out the mixed ratio of various mixed substrates
Regulate further, can be adjusted with ferrous sulfate etc. when pH is too high.
Embodiment 12
Fresh cattle manure 5 parts is blended with size-reduced Cotton Stalk with fresh sheep stool 1 part, to the water content of blend composition
It is about 60%, fermentation of then banking up, every 2-7 days with turner turning once, will fermentation after about 35 days
Bank up again after expecting size-reduced roguing of sieving, when the abundant fermentation maturity of fermentation material and water content are about 30%, right
The indexs such as excrement colibacillus group number, induced worm egg death rate are tested, and check qualified fermentation material and Vermiculitum, treasure
Zhu Yan mixes with the ratio of volume ratio 3: 0.5: 1, and the composite interstitial substance after mixture contains through heavy metal, nutrient again
The index tests such as amount, pH, qualified after make plant cultivation media, can be used for plant most plants, to support
Point and pH have the plant of particular/special requirement, nutrient content can be by carrying out the mixed ratio of various mixed substrates
Regulate further, can be adjusted with ferrous sulfate etc. when pH is too high.
Embodiment 13
The biological bacteria bed padding cleared out from cattle pen is banked up and ferments 5-25 days, period turning 1-5 time, treat
When water content is about 30%, testing the indexs such as excrement colibacillus group number, induced worm egg death rate, inspection is closed
The fermentation material of lattice mixes with the ratio of volume ratio 3: 1: 0.5 with Vermiculitum, perlite, the composite base after mixture
Matter again through index tests such as heavy metal, nutrient content, pH, qualified after make plant cultivation media, can be used for
Plantation most plants, has the plant of particular/special requirement to nutrient and pH, and nutrient content can be by various mixed
The mixed ratio of aglucon matter adjusts further and regulates, and can adjust with ferrous sulfate etc. when pH is too high
Joint.
Claims (5)
1. produce plant culture and the method for seedling medium with cattle manure, it is characterized in that: the water content of fresh cattle manure is reduced
To the water content of suitable fermentation, then ferment, the material after fermentation maturity again with Vermiculitum and/or coconut palm bran and/
Or perlite mixture, mixed ratio (volume ratio) is the material after fermentation maturity: Vermiculitum: coconut palm bran: Margarita
Rock is 30-90%: 0-50%: 0-50%: 0-35%, forms plant culture or seedling medium.
2. produce plant culture and the method for seedling medium with cattle manure as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: fall
The method of low fresh cattle manure water content is to mix the chip of dry vegetable matter in fresh cattle manure.
3. producing plant culture and the method for seedling medium with cattle manure as described in one of claim 1 or 2, it is special
Levy and be: cattle manure mixes other animal wastes, other animal wastes proportion (mass ratio of dry)
Less than 40%.
4. produce plant culture and the method for seedling medium with cattle manure, it is characterized in that: to clear out from vaccary colony house
Bedding and padding carry out refinement treatment, the bedding and padding after refinement treatment again with Vermiculitum and/or coconut palm bran and/or perlite mixture,
Mixed ratio (volume ratio) is the bedding and padding after refinement treatment: Vermiculitum: coconut palm bran: perlite is 30-90%:
0-50%: 0-50%: 0-35%, form plant culture or seedling medium.
5. the using method of the plant cultivation media produced with cattle manure, is characterized in that: use containing perlitic compound
When substrate is cultivated, layer or top layer cover with without perlitic substrate thereon.
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Application publication date: 20160727 |