CN105723017B

CN105723017B - The system and method for reducing the corrosion in reactor assembly using rotary force

Info

Publication number: CN105723017B
Application number: CN201380080902.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: G·C·派比奥; B·W·米拉; C·G·库克
Original assignee: Empire Technology Development LLC
Current assignee: Empire Technology Development LLC
Priority date: 2013-11-12
Filing date: 2013-11-12
Publication date: 2018-10-09
Anticipated expiration: 2033-11-12
Also published as: WO2015072961A1; CN105723017A; US20160288071A1

Abstract

The system and method for describing the corrosion of the component for reducing or eliminating reactor assembly, the reactor assembly include supercritical water gasification system.Reactor assembly may include various system components, such as one or more pre-heaters, heat exchanger and reactor vessel.System component can be configured to receive to the mordant reactor fluid of its inner surface and individually receive the protection fluid that has higher density and cannot substantially be mixed with reactor fluid.Rotating element can be configured to generate rotary force; the rotary force forces to be flowed in layer of at least part of protection fluid between reactor fluid and at least part of inner surface, this layer plays the role of reducing corrosion by forming barrier between reactor fluid and at least part of inner surface.

Description

The system and method for reducing the corrosion in reactor assembly using rotary force

Background technology

Reactor assembly can be given birth to by so that fuels sources is reacted under specific temperature and pressure condition with reactor material At fuel.For example, supercritical water gasification system can be by making raw material slurry generate hydrogen-rich synthetic gas with supercritical water reaction Body.Supercritical water is to be heated to excessive temperature (for example, about 400 DEG C or more) and be in high pressure (for example, about 22 megapascal (MPa)s) Under water.Under these conditions, water becomes reactive extremely strong and can decompose slurry and generate hydrogen-rich fuel.Fuel can be used for respectively Kind purposes such as provides power, generates electricity and generates heat for engine.

One of reactor assembly the advantage is that they can be by being considered as raw material (such as liquid biological matter or the packet of waste Include the non-clean fuels sources including coal and other fossil fuels) generate the hydrocarbon-based fuels of relative clean.One the disadvantage is that, system Component is easy to occur to corrode and decompose due to the harsh conditions occurred during the reaction.Therefore, the efficiency of reactor assembly The rate of corrosion of system component, the heater and react that system component is such as in contact with reactor material are depended on cost-effectiveness Device container.The technology of conventional corrosion of pipe the frequent of part that be related to being corroded is replaced or constructs group by resistant material Part, this may be more expensive and mostly invalid.As a result, it is desirable to the cheap side of the frangible portions by protecting system component Method minimizes the mode of the economic impact of corrosion to reduce the corrosion in reactor assembly.

It summarizes

The present disclosure is not limited to described specific system, apparatus and method, because these can be modified.Illustrating The term used in book is only the purpose for describing specific version or embodiment, is not intended to limitation range.

As used in the publication, unless context clearly makes regulation, otherwise singulative " one ", "one" and "the" includes plural object.Unless be defined, otherwise whole technical and scientific terms used herein have and ability The identical meaning that domain those of ordinary skill usually understands.Any content in the disclosure should not be construed as recognizing in the disclosure Described in embodiment be not given according to formerly open and prior to the right of the disclosure.As used in the publication, term " comprising " is meant " including, but are not limited to ".

In embodiment, the reactor assembly for being configured to reduce the corrosion of its part may include reactor vessel and rotation member Part, the reactor vessel include inner surface, which is configured to rotate in reactor vessel.Reactor vessel can construct For the mordant reactor fluid of at least part of reception inner surface and with the density higher than reactor fluid density Dense fluid, the reactor fluid and dense fluid cannot substantially mix.The rotation of rotating element can generate rotation Power, the rotary force are forced at least part of the reactor fluid of reactor vessel in reactor vessel with reactor stream Body eddy-currents flows and is forced at least part of the dense fluid of reactor vessel to surround reactor fluid whirlpool At least part of dense fluid eddy-currents flowing of stream.Dense fluid eddy-currents by reactor fluid and inner surface extremely Barrier is formed between a few part to play the role of reducing corrosion.

In embodiment, the method for reducing the corrosion in reactor assembly may include：Offer includes the reactor of inner surface Container, and rotating element is provided, which is configured to rotate in reactor vessel.Reactor vessel can be configured to connect Receive the mordant reactor fluid of at least part of inner surface and receiving have it is higher than reactor fluid density close Degree and the dense fluid that cannot be substantially mixed with reactor fluid.Rotating element is rotatable to generate rotary force, the rotary force So that at least part of reactor fluid is flowed with reactor fluid eddy-currents when flowing through reactor vessel and is made thick At least part of close fluid is when flowing through reactor vessel with around at least part of dense of reactor fluid eddy-currents Flow eddies stream flows.Dense fluid eddy-currents between reactor fluid and at least part of inner surface by forming barrier And play the role of reducing corrosion.

In embodiment, the method that manufacture is configured to reduce the reactor assembly of the corrosion of its part may include：Packet is provided The reactor vessel of inner surface is included, and the construction reactor vessel is corrosive at least part for accommodating inner surface Reactor fluid and cannot substantially mix with the density higher than reactor fluid density and with reactor fluid dense Fluid.Rotating element can be provided that, be configured to rotate in reactor vessel.The rotation of rotating element can generate rotation Power, the rotary force force at least part of reactor fluid in reactor vessel with the flowing of reactor fluid eddy-currents and Force at least part of dense fluid with around at least part of dense fluid eddy-currents stream of reactor fluid eddy-currents It is dynamic.Dense fluid eddy-currents reduces corruption by forming barrier between reactor fluid and at least part of inner surface to play The effect of erosion.

In embodiment, the reactor assembly for being configured to reduce the corrosion of its part may include：Reactor vessel comprising Inner surface；And it is configured to the reactor vessel circulator of rotatable reactor container.Reactor vessel can be configured to receive reaction At least part of device fluid and fused salt fluid, the reactor fluid inner surface is corrosive.The reactor fluid and molten Salt fluid cannot can be mutually mixed substantially.Reactor vessel circulator can be configured at least part so that fused salt fluid The speed that molten salt layer is formed at least part of inner surface carrys out rotatable reactor container.Molten salt layer passes through in reactor fluid Barrier is formed between at least part of inner surface to play the role of reducing corrosion.

In embodiment, the method for reducing the corrosion in reactor assembly may include：Offer includes the reactor of inner surface Container；And construction reactor vessel is with the mordant reactor fluid of at least part for receiving inner surface and reception With the substantially immiscible fused salt fluid of reactor fluid.Reactor vessel can make at least part of fused salt fluid exist The speed rotation of molten salt layer is formed at least part of inner surface.Molten salt layer by reactor fluid and inner surface at least Barrier is formed between a part to play the role of reducing corrosion.

In embodiment, the method for manufacturing reactor assembly may include：Offer includes the reactor vessel of inner surface；And Construct reactor vessel with the mordant reactor fluid of at least part for receiving inner surface and substantially with reactor The immiscible fused salt fluid of fluid.At least one reactor vessel circulator may be connected to reactor vessel, which holds Device revolver configuration is so that at least part of fused salt fluid forms the speed of molten salt layer at least part of inner surface Spend rotatable reactor container.Molten salt layer is played by forming barrier between reactor fluid and at least part of inner surface Reduce the effect of corrosion.

In embodiment, the reactor assembly for being configured to reduce the corrosion of its part may include：Reactor vessel comprising Inner surface and be configured to receive inner surface the mordant reactor fluid of at least part and substantially with reactor stream The immiscible protection fluid of body.Rotating element can be configured to generate rotary force, which forces at least the one of protection fluid It is flowed in layer between reactor fluid and at least part of inner surface part.The layer passes through in reactor fluid and interior table Barrier is formed between at least part in face to play the role of reducing corrosion.

Description of the drawings

Fig. 1 depicts illustrative reactor assembly in accordance with some embodiments.

Fig. 2A and 2B respectively depicts the front view and vertical view of the system component constructed according to some embodiments.

Fig. 3 depicts illustrative system component according to first embodiment.

Fig. 4 depicts illustrative system component according to second embodiment.

Fig. 5 A depict the first general view of illustrative reactor assembly in accordance with some embodiments.

Fig. 5 B depict the second general view of illustrative reactor assembly in accordance with some embodiments.

Fig. 6 depicts the flow of the illustrative corrosion reduction method in accordance with some embodiments for reactor assembly Figure.

Fig. 7 depicts the flow of the illustrative corrosion reduction method according to first embodiment for reactor assembly Figure.

Fig. 8 depicts the flow of the illustrative corrosion reduction method according to second embodiment for reactor assembly Figure.

Specific implementation mode

Term used in the description is not intended to limit only for describing the purpose of specific version or embodiment Range processed.

Described technology generally relates to the system and method for reducing or eliminating the corrosion in reactor assembly.It should Reactor assembly may include supercritical water reaction device system, such as supercritical water gasification system.Particularly, embodiment provides use In the system and method for generating barrier between corrosive fluid and the surface of reactor assembly component.For example, some embodiments Generate the corrosion protection layer for the physical barriers for being configured to provide for the subcritical fluids for reactor assembly.Subcritical fluids packet Include the fluid at a high temperature of temperature in undercritical conditions or in supercritical fluid or less.For example, subcritical water can Including the water under about 325 DEG C to about 375 DEG C, about 22 megapascals pressures.

The use of the technology is compared to the same or similar reactor assembly group without described method and material It enables to reduce or eliminate the corrosion in reactor assembly component for the operation of part.Extent of corrosion usually can be reduced arbitrarily Amount.For example, extent of corrosion can be reduced by least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 60%, at least about 70%, at least about 80%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, at least about 96%, at least about 97%, at least about 98%, at least about 99%, and in the ideal case, reduce by about 100% (completely eliminating corrosion).

In embodiment, the system component of such as reactor vessel can be structured as receiving and have to the surface of system component Corrosive reactor fluid and the protection fluid that cannot be substantially mixed with reactor fluid.Rotating element can be configured to generate Rotary force, the rotary force force protection fluid to be flowed in the layer that the inner surface with system component adjoins.Reactor fluid can be with System component is flowed through in the layer formed by protection fluid.Therefore, passed through in reactor fluid by the layer for protecting fluid to be formed Barrier is formed between the inner surface of system component to reduce the corrosion of system component.

Fig. 1 depicts illustrative supercritical water reaction device system in accordance with some embodiments.As shown in Figure 1, overcritical Water reactor system 100 may include the feed(raw material)inlet 130 for slurry 155 to be introduced to system.Slurry 155 for example may include high pressure Slurry feeds (feed).Slurry 155 may include any kind of substance that can be subjected to supercritical water gasification, including but not limited to Biomass fluid (for example, microalgae fluid, biological residue, biological waste or the like), coal slurry and other fossil fuel slurries (for example, fine coal and water) and oxidizable waste.Therefore, supercritical water reaction device system 100 can be configured as various gasifications Any one of system and run, including but not limited to gasification system, biomass gasification system and waste oxidation system.Slurry 155 can be fed into together with air 150 and water 135 in heater 105 or such as pre-heater of gas ignition heater.Slurry Material 155 can be heated in heater 105.Certain gases (such as steam 140 and flue gas 145) can arrange from heater Go out, for example, to maintain pressure.Slurry 155 can be fed into reactor vessel 110.

In reactor vessel 110, slurry 155 can be heated and become supercritical fluid under stress.For generating The temperature and pressure of supercritical fluid by the type depending on slurry 155, any fluid and its ingredient wherein included (for example, The type and concentration of ion at different temperatures and pressures).In embodiment, slurry 155 can be more than about 22 megapascal (MPa)s About 375 DEG C or more are heated under pressure so that the fluid in slurry becomes " supercritical fluid ".According to some embodiments, slurry Material 155 can be heated to about 650 DEG C in reactor vessel 110 under the pressure of about 25 megapascal (MPa)s.At supercritical conditions Slurry 155 includes corrosive ion, the ion of such as various inorganic salts.Corrosive ion may be to supercritical water reaction device system 100 component (such as inner surface of heater 105, reactor vessel 110, and/or any pipe that component links together Road) there is high corrosivity,.In embodiment, the fluid in slurry 155 may include water.

Supercritical fluid can be reacted with the ingredient of slurry 155 with reaction of formation device product 160 in reactor vessel 110. In embodiment, slurry 155 may include being configured to one or more catalyst conducive to reaction, such as chlorine, sulfate, nitric acid Salt and phosphate.Reactor product 160 may move through one or more heat exchangers, such as 115 He of recovery type heat heat exchanger Cooling type heat exchanger 125.In embodiment, filter 185 can be positioned in reactor assembly 100, such as in reactor vessel To be filtered to reactor product 160 between 110 and heat exchanger 115.In embodiment, including additive fluid and/or being configured to carry It can be located in reactor assembly 100 for the reservoir 190 of additonal pressure.Gas/liquid separator 120 can be provided that will react Device product 160 is separated into desired fuel gas product 165 and waste product 170 (such as waste liquid, ash and charcoal).Fuel gas produces Object 165 may include can be in response to any fuel for being generated by slurry 155 with shooting flow precursor reactant.Illustrative fuel gas Body product 165 includes but not limited to hydrogen-rich fuel, such as H₂And/or CH₄。

During supercritical water gasification, slurry 155 can in supercritical water reaction device system 100 at various pressures by It is heated to various temperature.Other than super critical condition, slurry 155 can be at undercritical conditions, the wherein fluid in slurry 155 It is in the raised temperature less than supercritical temperature at an elevated pressure.Fluid in slurry 155 includes the embodiment of water In, subcritical water can have about 275 DEG C, about 300 DEG C, about 325 DEG C, about 350 DEG C, about 400 DEG C, about 425 DEG C, about 450 DEG C or The temperature of (including endpoint) between arbitrary value in these values.Fluid in slurry 155 includes the implementation of water In example, the pressure of the fluid under subcritical temperature can be about 20 megapascal (MPa)s, about 22 megapascal (MPa)s, about 25 megapascal this Between card or the arbitrary value in these values (including endpoint).Slurry 155 under undercritical conditions is typical Ground includes having high corrosive corrosive ion to the component of supercritical water reaction device system 100.Corrosive ion it is non- It includes the various ions such as chlorine, sulphur (for example, sulfur dioxide), phosphorus to limit example.

Supercritical water reaction device system 100 can have one or more subcritical regions, in supercritical water gasification process Slurry 155 is located in subcritical region during at least part.The non-restrictive example of subcritical region includes but not limited to react The preheated volumes 175 of device container 110 and cooled region 180.According to some embodiments, during supercritical water gasification, instead The part between preheated volumes 175 and cooled region 180 of device container 110 is answered to may include supercritical water.Although preheating Region 175 and cooled region 180 are portrayed as in Fig. 1 in reactor vessel 110, but embodiment can be provided positioned at difference Component in preheated volumes and cooled region, such as (be used for positioned at pre-heater (be used for preheated volumes) and heat exchanger Cooled region and/or both preheated volumes and cooled region) in.In addition, subcritical region is not limited to 175 He of preheated volumes Cooled region 180, because the wherein slurry 155 of supercritical water reaction device system 100 is with any part existing for undercritical conditions It may include subcritical region.

According to some embodiments, slurry 155 can more be corrosive under undercritical conditions than at supercritical conditions.Cause This, the protective layer that embodiment provides fluid formation (is not shown in Fig. 1；More details are referring to Fig. 2A, Fig. 2 B, Fig. 3 and figure 4) it, is configured to form barrier between subcritical water and the component of supercritical water reaction device system 100, such as in close-to-critical range Barrier is formed in domain.

The supercritical water reaction device system 100 described in Fig. 1 is provided the purpose to be given for example only and may include root It is such as one or more valves, pre- according to needing with more or fewer components of the arrangements such as one or more constructions, sequence, connection Heater, reactor vessel pass through the pump of system and other groups known to persons of ordinary skill in the art for pumping slurry 155 Part.

Fig. 2A and Fig. 2 B respectively depict the front view and vertical view of the system component constructed according to some embodiments.Such as figure Shown in 2A, system component 205 can be associated with rotating element 220.System component 205 may include needing any of corrosivity protection Component or its part, heater, pre-heater, heat exchanger, duct conduits etc..Rotating element 220 can be configured to rotate And generate rotary force.In some embodiments, rotating element 220 may include impeller, rotor or be configured to so that system component Other slewings that at least part of fluid in 205 rotates in such a way that eddy-currents flows (referring to Fig. 3).In some realities It applies in example, rotating element 220 may include rotor, motor or the like, they couple and be constructed so that with system component 205 Reactor vessel is so that the fluid being located therein rotates in such a way that eddy-currents flows (referring to Fig. 4).Usually, eddy-currents is Contain the stream of the fluid of the fluid vortex rotated about the axis.

System component 205 can be configured to receive to the mordant reaction of at least part of the inner surface of reactor vessel Device fluid 215.For example, reactor fluid 215 may be corrosive due to the corrosive ion being included in.System component 205 inner surfaces that can be also configured to receive compared with reactor fluid to system component 205 do not have corrosivity or substantial Minimum corrosive protection fluid 210.In some embodiments, protection fluid 210 can substantially cannot be with reactor fluid 215 Mixing so that two kinds of fluids keep separation or substantially separate when each fluid flows through system component 205.In some embodiments In, protection fluid 210 can be mixed with reactor fluid 215 at least partly.In these embodiments, it is possible to provide filter (for example, filter 185 of Fig. 1) is configured to filter protection fluid 210 and/or reactor fluid 215 as needed, with Just the operation of reactor assembly process.For example, filter can be configured to after having completed reaction process from reactor fluid 215 Or vice versa for the element of middle removal protection fluid 210.

According to some embodiments, protection fluid 210 can have the density higher than reactor fluid 215.In these embodiments In, more highdensity protection fluid 210 may include at least partly by metal, metal alloy, fused salt (for example, being in liquid phase Salt), hydrocarbon liquid or combination thereof construction made of fluid.The non-restrictive example of metal includes tin, zinc, aluminium, lead, bismuth, lead-bismuth- Eutectic (for example, by weight about 44.5% lead and by weight about 55.5% bismuth), gallium, cadmium and their arbitrary combination Alloy.The illustrative and unrestricted example of fused salt includes：The fused salt of lithium fluoride and beryllium fluoride, lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride and Fused salt, sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite and the fused salt of potassium nitrate of potassium fluoride, the fused salt of potassium chloride and magnesium chloride, rubidium chloride and fluorination The fused salt of zirconium or the fused salt of any combination of them.

Because of among other factors, the preferential bonding between the anion and cation of forming salt, fused salt is in reactor system It is stable in system.Therefore, reactivity of the reactor fluid 215 (for example, water) between fused salt can be substantially restricted.Separately Outside, by the thermal stability that fused salt is shown, according to the group of the reactor assembly of some of the embodiments described herein construction Part can at higher temperatures and/or within the scope of wider temperature be run than the reactor assembly without using fused salt.It is reacting In the process, reactor fluid 215 in a supercritical state has limited solvable capacity.Therefore, such as those are used as according to one The inorganic salts of the fused salt of a little embodiments can be effectively insoluble at supercritical conditions, and more than any salt meeting of bearer cap It is precipitated.In some embodiments, at least part for the salt for being introduced into the part in reactor as slurry can be by fused salt from being System component 205 is pulled away.

The operation of rotating element 220 can generate rotating flow or vortex in reactor vessel, such as by flow circuits 225 The vortex of instruction.Vortex can play the role of the outermost portion for forcing the protection fluid 210 of higher density to be located at reactor vessel. Reactor fluid 215 compared with low-density can flow in the concentrated part of system component 205.As shown in Figure 2 B, in system group Generated stream construction in part 205 from outermost portion to penetrale includes the inner surface of reactor vessel, protection fluid 210 With reactor fluid 215.In this way, inner surface of the protection fluid 210 in reactor fluid 215 and system component 205 Between form protective barrier.In corrosive elements contact reactor container of the protective barrier by preventing reactor fluid 215 It surface and therefore reacts with it to reduce the corrosion of system component 205.

System component 205 can be formed by a variety of materials, including but not limited to Special Metals Corporation'sHaynes International companies (Huntington, West Virginia, USA) N, titanium (Ti) and its alloy, stainless steel, metal, metal alloy, zirconium (Zr) alloy are (for example, zirconium tin (Sn), zirconium niobium (Nb) and Zr- Sn-Nb), nickel (Ni) or its alloy (such as nickel-copper (Cu), nickel-molybdenum (Mo), Ni-Fe (Fe)-chromium (Cr)-Mo or Ni-Cr- Mo), austenitic stainless steel or combination thereof.

Fig. 3 depicts illustrative system component according to first embodiment.As shown in figure 3, system component 305 can construct For substantially tubular and the reactor vessel of vertical orientation, such as continous way or batch-type reactor vessel.Reactor fluid 335 System component 305 can be entered by being arranged in the reactor fluid entrance 320 of system component bottom.Reactor fluid 335 May include any kind of fluid that can be operated according to embodiment described herein, such as coal slurry, biomass slurry or Other oxidizable fluids.Reactor fluid 335 can under high pressure (such as in about 20 megapascal (MPa)s between about 30 megapascal (MPa)s) Into reactor vessel 310, and top can be flowed to from the bottom of system component and is flowed by reactor fluid outlet 350 Go out.

Protection fluid 330 can enter system component 305 above highly corrosive region 355 and can be towards system component Bottom to flow down, by protect fluid outlet 325 leave.Therefore, some embodiments provide, and protection fluid 330 can be with System component is flowed through along the direction opposite with the stream of reactor fluid 335.Protect fluid 330 that can have than reactor fluid 335 high density and it can cannot mix with reactor fluid or cannot substantially mix.Protect the density of fluid 330 can So that gravity can force protection fluid to flow to protection fluid outlet 325 from protection fluid inlet 315 in a downward direction.Implementing In example, protection fluid 330 may include fused salt and/or fused salt fluid, as described herein.

In embodiment, protection fluid 330 can be entered by the multiple protection fluids arranged around the periphery of system component Mouth 315 and/or narrow continuous entrance enter system component 305.In embodiment, the protection stream of protection fluid outlet 325 is left Body 330 can be eliminated impurity (such as by using filter), and be reused in reactor assembly.Impurity can play Increase corrosive effect of fluid (such as protecting fluid 330 and/or reactor fluid 335), such as by improving fluid Aoxidize possibility.Therefore, removal impurity can play the role of reducing the corrosive of the fluid for including in system component 305.

It may be arranged in system component 305 in the rotating element of 340 form of impeller.Impeller 340 can be located at system component 305 Bottom, for example, the lower section in its highly corrosive region 355.For example, highly corrosive region 355 may include system component region, In this region, reactor fluid 335 is at a temperature of about 300 DEG C to about 350 DEG C.These regions of system component 305 can Be easiest to due to high temperature, ion concentration and pressure and commonly used in the abrasiveness of the slurry of reactor process by corrosion shadow It rings.Impeller 340 can rotate and rotary force is transmitted to the fluid 330,335 flowed in system component 305, such as flow circuits Indicated by 360.

Impeller 340 can be formed by a variety of materials that can be operated according to some of the embodiments described herein, including but It is not limited to brass, titanium, aluminium, its alloy or combination thereof.Impeller 340 can be by the driving mechanism that is operatively coupled with it (not shown) drives, such as magnetic coupling drive shaft.In embodiment, labyrinth can be used for passing through in continuous driving moving axis Entire continuous driving moving axis is sealed when the wall of system component 305 to prevent fluid from being leaked from drive shaft.Impeller 340 can be configured to for example It is rotated at various speeds based on the type of fluid 330 and/or the size of system component 305 is protected.For example, impeller 340 can be with About 20 turns per minute, about 30 turns per minute, about 50 turns per minute, about 100 turns per minute, about 200 turns per minute, It is about 300 turns per minute, about 500 turns per minute, about 1000 turns per minute, about 1500 turns per minute, per minute about 2000 turns, range about 3000 turns per minute, between about 3500 turns per minute and any two value in these values With value (including endpoint) rotation.

In embodiment, reactor fluid entrance 320 can be located just at the lower section of impeller 340 and can be at an angle of and make The direction of the rotary force generated into the stream of the reactor fluid 335 of system component 305 along impeller.Reactor fluid 335 can be with Enter system component 305 at the temperature (such as less than about 200 DEG C) lower than the temperature in highly corrosive region 355, with it It is heated towards the top flowing of system component.In a similar fashion, protection fluid inlet 315 can be positioned such that into system The stream of the protection fluid 330 of system component 305 promotes the eddy-currents of protection fluid.

The rotary force generated by impeller 340, which can play, forces protection fluid 330 and reactor fluid 335 with eddy-currents stream Effect through system component 305.As shown in details area 345, eddy-currents can force denser protection fluid 330 towards system The outermost portion of system component 305 so that protection fluid flows in the region that the inner surface with system component substantially adjoins.It is relatively low The reactor fluid 335 of density flows in the penetrale of system component 305, and reactor fluid 335 is by protecting fluid 330 Eddy-currents formed barrier detached with the inner surface of system component.In embodiment, protection fluid 330 can be with constant rate of speed quilt Introduce system component 305 so that the inner surface of system component is protected by the face coat of the substantial constant of protection fluid.

It is configured in the embodiment of heat exchanger in system component 305, entrance 315,320, outlet 325,350 and impeller 340 Can be positioned such that the stream of protection fluid 330 and/or reactor fluid 335 along with the side of above-mentioned fluid stream in the opposite direction Occur.For example, reactor fluid 335 can be entered by the reactor fluid entrance 320 positioned at the top of system component 305. In this embodiment, reactor fluid 335 can be in 350 DEG C or more of temperature (for example, the highest temperature in highly corrosive region 355 Degree) under enter system component 305.As the movement of reactor fluid 335 is by system component 305, about 300 DEG C can be cooled to Temperature between about 350 DEG C, and the vortex generated by impeller 340 can be incorporated to and be collected into the bottom of system component 305 Portion.In this way, some embodiments can be provided which that corrosion is protected in the heating period of reactor assembly technique and cooling stage Shield.In some embodiments, it is such as configured in the embodiment of heat exchanger in system component 305, protection fluid 330 can play heat The effect of transfer medium.

According to some embodiments, protection fluid 330 can make reactor fluid 335 will not be fused to protection to flow by selection In the part of body and protect in the part that fluid will not fuse reactor fluid.In embodiment, protection fluid 330 can wrap Include liquid metal or molten metal or its alloy.For example, since reactor fluid 335 is (such as during supercritical water gasification The reactor fluid used) minimum it is soluble, metal or metal alloy can be chosen as protection fluid 330.In embodiment, it protects Shield fluid 330 may include liquid made of being constructed at least partly by metal, metal alloy, fused salt, hydrocarbon liquid or combination thereof. Illustrative metal includes but not limited to the alloy of tin, zinc, aluminium, lead, bismuth, gallium, cadmium and any combination thereof.According to some implementations Example, any metal being incorporated in the protection fluid 330 in reactor fluid 335 can be in for example one or more filterings and/or phase It is removed in separation process.

In embodiment, protection fluid 330 may include waste (such as coal tar), the liquid-fluorination that hydrocarbon, fossil fuel generate Polymer, black liquor (for example, waste rich in lignin from paper-making process), or the like.In this embodiment, protection stream Body 330 can be fused with the supercritical water of reactor fluid 335 during reaction process.Alkyl protection fluid 330 may be provided in Improved phase separation property in the pre- critical stage of supercritical water gasification process, and due to nonpolar property, corrosivity Kind fusing in reactor fluid 335 will not occur.

In embodiment, at least part of the inner surface of system component 305, which can be coated with, carries the inner surface of system component For protection in order to avoid with one or more materials for reacting of protection fluid 330.For example, at least part of the inner surface of system component It can be coated with ceramic fire resistant lining cutting, for example, if protection fluid 330 includes molten metal.In addition, the inner surface of system component 305 can Including being configured to for example improve the various structures of flow behavior by reducing turbulent flow to reduce the abrasion of system component inner surface. In embodiment, the inner surface of system component 305 may include the rib being incorporated in, such as sinusoidal rib.

According to some embodiments, protection fluid 330 can continuously recycle in reactor assembly.In addition to other aspects, no Disconnected cycle is conducive to protection fluid 330 and is used as heat transmission medium.For example, protection fluid 330 can enter heater/preheating Heat exchanger is flowed through before device, with by by heat directly from the stream by reactor assembly (reactor assembly 100 of such as Fig. 1) The cooling segment of body stream is transmitted to heating part to reduce heat loss.In another example, protection fluid 330 can be used as heat transfer Medium is heated to high temperature to improve the rate that reactor fluid 335 is heated during input system component 305. In the example, once protection fluid 330 is removed from the system component 305 of such as heat exchanger, then protect fluid that can be directed into the Two system component (such as heater/pre-heater) allows waste heat to be immediately available for realizing the preferred temperature of reactor fluid 335.

Although the discribed implementations of Fig. 3 are illustrated the barrier for forming protection fluid 330 only in high corrosion region 355, But embodiment is without being limited thereto.In fact, forming protection fluid barriers, such as system group in other regions contemplated herein The substantially entire interior zone of part 305.

Fig. 4 depicts illustrative system component according to second embodiment.As shown in figure 4, system component 405 can construct To receive protection fluid 410 and reactor fluid 415.In embodiment, protection fluid 410 can have than reactor fluid 415 It high density and can cannot be mixed with reactor fluid or substantially cannot be mixed.In embodiment, protection stream Body 410 may include fused salt.System component 405 may include the reactor system that can be run according to some of the embodiments described herein The arbitrary system component of system, such as reactor vessel, heater/pre-heater or heat exchanger.Reactor fluid 415 may include The fluid used in reactor assembly, including slurry, such as coal slurry or biomass slurry.

System component 405 can be coupled with the rotating element 420 for being configured to rotary force being transmitted to system component.Rotary force can rise To the effect of rotating system components 405 (as indicated by rotational line 435).Rotating element 420 may include to rotate according to some Any kind of slewing of the system component 405 of embodiment.For example, rotating element 420 may include motor, such as motor Or gas is configured to axis and/or gear that rotation is connect with system component 405 for dynamical type motor.In another example, it revolves Turn element 420 and may include turbo blade, coupled with system component 405 and is configured to rotate using high voltage protective fluid 410 System component.In embodiment, can be made by least part of the energy needed for 420 rotating system components 405 of rotating element It is scattered in system component for thermal expansion, for example, to support the endothermic reaction occurred wherein.

The rotation of system component 405 can generate rotary force, which to protect fluid 410 and reactor fluid 415 are rotated when each fluid flows through system component with eddy-currents.As protection fluid 410 is rotated with eddy-currents, fluid is protected It is forced to the outermost portion up to system component 405, forms the protection fluid layer adjoined with the inner surface of system component.Reaction Device fluid 415 flows through system component in protection fluid layer.Therefore, the corrosion of system component 405 is substantially reduced or is eliminated, because For the inner surface for protecting the layer of fluid 410 that corrosive reactor fluid 415 is prevented to touch system component.In embodiment In, system component 405 may include the interior rib-shaped piece at least part of inner surface, to increase protection fluid 410 and interior table Friction between face.Rotating element 420 can be configured to adjoin with the inner surface of system component to be enough to force to protect fluid 410 to be formed The various speed of adjacent protection fluid layer carry out rotating system components 405.For example, rotating element 420 can following speed rotation system System component 405：It is about 20 turns per minute, about 30 turns per minute, about 50 turns per minute, about 100 turns per minute, per minute About 200 turns, it is about 300 turns per minute, about 500 turns per minute, about 1000 turns per minute, about 1500 turns per minute, Any two values about 2000 turns per minute, about 3000 turns per minute, in about 3500 turns per minute and these values it Between range and value (include endpoint).

In embodiment, system component 405 can be oriented in horizontal or approximate horizontal orientation.In this embodiment, it rotates Element 420 can be configured to rotate with following speed：The speed is enough to generate force of gravity at least part of protection fluid 410 The big centripetal acceleration of acceleration, so that the eddy-currents of protection fluid generates protective layer.For example, for having about 33 centimetres For 200 liters of drum type container of radius, drum type container needs to rotate with about 50 rpms of rate.In this embodiment, Protection fluid 410 and/or reactor fluid 415 can be pressurized to force a fluid through system component 405.Above-mentioned 200 liters Drum type container is provided only for exemplary purpose, because the size of system component 405 may depend on specific reaction property (example Such as, reactor fluid 415 complete reaction residence time) and/or reactor assembly other characteristics and other factors.Separately Outside, the rotary speed of system component 405 can be the product of the size of system component.

In embodiment, system component 405 can be oriented in vertical or substantially vertical orientation.In this embodiment, it protects Fluid 410 can be by positioned at the entrance (not shown) of the top of the outlet (not shown) for protecting fluid into system group Part 405.Protection fluid 410 and/or reactor fluid 415 can be pressurized and/or may rely on gravity and movement passes through system Component 405.Protection fluid 410 can be flowed when it flows to outlet from entrance with eddy-currents.

In embodiment, system component 405 can be arranged in support construction 425, and support structure configuration is support system Component and conducive to its rotation.Support construction 425 can be formed by metal alloy (such as nickel alloy).Rotation support component 430 can be arranged Between support construction 425 and system component 405, to be further conducive to the rotation of system component, such as fluid bearing is played Effect.According to some embodiments, rotation support component 430 may include rotation support fluid (such as fused salt) and/or ceramic bearing.

Fig. 5 A depict the first system general view of illustrative reactor assembly in accordance with some embodiments.Such as Fig. 5 A institutes Show, reactor assembly 500 may include the system component being arranged in one or more loops or flow circuits, such as overcritical anti- Answer loop 530 and synthetic gas cooling loop 535.According to some embodiments, reactor assembly 500 may be partitioned into different loops 530,535, to improve the efficiency and other aspects of reactor assembly.Supercritical reaction loop 530 can be configured to be conducive to super Critical is reacted with source products stream (slurries such as coal, biomass) to generate gaseous product.

Supercritical reaction loop 530 may include reactor vessel 520, be configured to similar or be substantially similar to Fig. 4 institutes The mode of the system component 405 of description rotates.Reactor 520 can be configured to pollutant from the separation that detaches of protection fluid Device 515 is in fluid communication.In embodiment, protection fluid may include fused salt.For the height used in supercritical reaction loop 530 Temperature, can use fused salt stable at relatively high temperatures, the fused salt or lithium fluoride of such as lithium fluoride and beryllium fluoride, sodium fluoride and The fused salt of potassium fluoride.According to some embodiments, the eutectic composition (ingredient with minimum fusing point) of fused salt can be used.

Separator 515 can be configured to be operated according to various separating technologies, and including but not limited to filtering, distillation/evaporation/is waved Hair separation, centrifugation, the reduction extraction using metal transfer (metal transfer) and combination thereof.

Separator can with cleaning container 510 be in fluid communication, cleaning container 510 play further cleaning protection fluid and/ Or the effect of reactor fluid.For example, cleaning container 510, which can play the protection fluid to such as fused salt, carries out electrochemical purification Effect.In embodiment, the pollutant removed from protection fluid and/or reactor fluid can be recovered, such as quartz, Mo Lai Stone, bloodstone, magnetite, lime, gypsum, silica, alumina etc..Cleaning assemblies 510 can be in fluid communication with heater 525, heating Device 525 is configured to that fluid and/or reactor fluid will be protected to heat before entering reactor vessel 520.According to some Embodiment, protection fluid can be anti-according to reactor vessel 520, separator 515, cleaning container 510, heater 525 and return The sequence of device container is answered to flow through supercritical reaction loop 530.In embodiment, pump (not shown) can be configured to force protection fluid Pass through reactor assembly 500.It is cold that reactor fluid and/or any synthetic gas can flow to synthetic gas from reactor vessel 520 But the heat exchanger 505 of loop 535, for example, by separator 515 or directly from reactor vessel 520 to heat exchanger 505.

In embodiment, the protection fluid for flowing through supercritical reaction loop 530 may be at being sufficient to make and be in contact with it Water becomes postcritical temperature.In this way, the water pollution of salt can be prevented from.In some embodiments, protection fluid can It is about 200 DEG C to about 650 DEG C.In some embodiments, protection fluid can be about 200 DEG C to about 250 DEG C.In some embodiments In, protection fluid can be about 400 DEG C to about 600 DEG C.

Synthetic gas cooling loop 535 can be configured to cooling reactor fluid and be produced in supercritical reaction loop 530 Raw any synthetic gas product.Synthetic gas cooling loop 535 may include and supercritical reaction loop 530 and reactor vessel 520 heat exchangers 505 being in fluid communication.Reactor vessel 520 can be in fluid communication with separator 515, separator 515 and cleaning container 510 are in fluid communication.Cleaning container 510 can be in fluid communication with heat exchanger 505.In embodiment, protection fluid can be in the following order Flow through synthetic gas cooling loop 535：Reactor vessel 520, separator 515, cleaning container 510, heat exchanger 505 and return To reactor vessel.Due to the lower temperature used in synthetic gas cooling loop 535, it can be used and stablize at a lower temperature Fused salt, such as sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite and potassium nitrate fused salt (for example, be 7%, 49% respectively, 44% molar solution； Referred to as Hitec salt).

According to some embodiments, flowing through the protection fluid of synthetic gas cooling loop 535 can play to from supercritical reaction Loop 530 enters the synthetic gas of synthetic gas cooling loop and/or reactor fluid (for example, water) carries out cooling effect. For example, the protection fluid into reactor vessel 520 may be at the temperature of fusing point corresponding just above its and once protect stream Body reaches can be removed with the balance of synthetic gas and/or reactor fluid.For example, for Hitec salt, fusing point can be about 142℃.In addition, protection fluid can be used for by using heat exchanger 505 to the reactor product into supercritical reaction loop 530 (for example, slurry) is preheated.

Fig. 5 B depict the second system general view of illustrative reactor assembly in accordance with some embodiments.Such as Fig. 5 B institutes Show, slurry 540 (such as coal slurry) can enter reactor assembly 500 at reactor vessel 520 and can be used as synthesis gas Body and water 545 and be discharged.As slurry 540 is handled in the reactor assembly 500, thermal energy 550 can heat exchanger 505 with it is anti- It answers and transmits between device container 520.For example, in synthetic gas cooling loop 535, thermal energy 550 can be transmitted from reactor vessel 520 To heat exchanger 505.In supercritical reaction loop 530, thermal energy 550 can be used for heating reactor vessel 520 and its content. As shown in Figure 5 B, in supercritical reaction loop 530, thermal energy 550 can be transmitted to reactor vessel 520 from heat exchanger 505.

Fig. 6 depicts the flow chart of the illustrative corrosion reduction method of reactor assembly in accordance with some embodiments.System System container can be provided that (605) in such as reactor assembly of supercritical water reaction device system.Exemplary system container is Fig. 1 Discribed supercritical water reaction device system 100.System container may include that any reactor vessel component, such as supercritical water are anti- The component of device system is answered, which has subcritical region, such as is contacted with subcritical fluids during supercritical water reaction Be easy in by subcritical fluids corrosive ion corrosion region.The non-restrictive example of component includes reactor vessel, adds Hot device, pre-heater, heat exchanger, conduit and pipeline.

It is to receive reactor fluid, such as slurry and/or water, to reactor vessel that reactor vessel, which can construct (610), Inner surface be corrosive.It is to receive the guarantor that cannot be substantially mixed with reactor fluid that reactor vessel, which can also construct (615), Protect fluid.In embodiment, protection fluid may include fused salt and/or the fluid comprising metal and/or metal alloy.In embodiment In, protection fluid can have the density higher than reactor fluid.(620) rotary force is produced by rotating element, rotary force is compeled Make to flow in layer of the protection fluid between reactor fluid and inner surface.For example, rotary force may make the protection of higher density Fluid is flowed at the outermost portion of the inside of reactor vessel with eddy-currents.Reactor fluid can be in the whirlpool of protection fluid Reactor vessel is flowed through in stream.As a result, by play reduce inside corrosion protection fluid layer, can reactor fluid with (625) barrier is provided between inner surface.

Fig. 7 depicts the flow of the illustrative corrosion reduction method according to first embodiment for reactor assembly Figure.(705) can be arranged in reactor assembly in reactor vessel.Rotating element can be provided that (710), be configured in reactor Rotation in container.In embodiment, rotating element may include impeller.Reactor vessel can receive (715) to reactor vessel The mordant reactor fluid of inner surface.For example, reactor fluid may include that the material to form reactor vessel can be corroded Corrosive ion.Reactor vessel can also receive (720) with higher density and cannot substantially be mixed with reactor fluid The dense fluid of conjunction.

(725) rotary force can be generated by rotating element, which makes reactor fluid flow through reaction at it It is flowed with eddy-currents when device container and makes dense fluid when it flows through reactor vessel with around the whirlpool of reactor fluid The eddy-currents of vortex flows.In embodiment, reactor fluid and dense fluid can flow through reactor vessel in opposite direction. The eddy-currents of dense fluid can provide the barrier of (730) between reactor fluid and inner surface, which plays table in reduction The effect of face corrosion.

Fig. 8 depicts the flow chart of the illustrative corrosion reduction method of reactor assembly according to second embodiment.Instead Answer device container that can provide (805) in reactor assembly.Reactor vessel can receive the inner surface of (810) to reactor vessel Mordant reactor fluid.It is substantially immiscible molten with reactor fluid that reactor vessel can also receive (815) Salt fluid.In embodiment, fused salt fluid can have the density higher than reactor fluid.Reactor vessel can make fused salt exist The speed rotation (820) of molten salt layer is formed on inner surface.Molten salt layer can provide the screen of (825) between reactor fluid and inner surface Barrier, the corrosion of inner surface is reduced by the contact between limited reactions device fluid and inner surface.

Example

Example 1：Supercritical water gasification system with dense fluid barrier

It includes H that supercritical water reaction device system, which will be configured to be generated by the coal slurry that fine coal and water are formed,₂And CH₄Synthesis Gas.Coal slurry will be for the supercritical water in the form of aqueous slurry, with the reactor vessel of supercritical water reaction device system Reaction is to generate synthetic gas.

Coal slurry will be imported into system at about 200 DEG C of temperature below and will be before entering reactor vessel in pre-add It is heated in hot device.Pre-heater will be made of stainless steel and will have substantially cylindrical shape, with about 4 meters of height and About 1.5 meters of diameter.In pre-heater, the temperature of coal slurry will reach about 330 DEG C to about 350 DEG C in high corrosion area, In the high corrosion area, the corrosive ion in coal slurry will fuse and make coal slurry to the great corruption of the inner surface of pre-heater Corrosion.

Including being configured to the impeller of the magnetic coupling drive shaft of four brass blades of rotation will be located in pre-heater, away from pre-add About 0.25 meter of the bottom of hot device.Coal slurry entrance can be located at below impeller, about 0.15 meter of the bottom away from pre-heater, and coal slurry Material outlet can be located at the top of reactor vessel, be in fluid communication with reactor vessel.Dense fluid entrance can be located just at high corruption The over top for losing area, to allow the dense fluid comprising melting nickel alloy to enter pre-heater.Dense fluid will substantially with Reactor fluid cannot mix.Dense fluid outlet will be located at below impeller, about 0.2 meter of the bottom away from reactor vessel, with Dense fluid is allowed to leave pre-heater.Dense fluid will be as providing continuous flow of the lasting dense fluid stream to pre-heater It is captured and is reused again in the system of the part of system.

Impeller will rotate with per minute about 1200 and will make dense fluid and coal slurry in individual eddy-currents Rotation.Dense fluid eddy-currents substantially adjoins in the outermost portion of pre-heater with the inner surface of pre-heater.Coal Slurry eddy-currents will be located at relative to dense fluid eddy-currents in the inside of pre-heater.Dense fluid eddy-currents will surround high rotten It loses the coal slurry in area and the barrier for preventing coal slurry from touching inner surface will be provided.Therefore, the corrosivity in coal slurry from Son by do not reacted with the inner surface of pre-heater or cause pre-heater inner surface corrosion, relative to lacking dense fluid The similar system of barrier extends the service life of these components in supercritical water gasification system.

Example 2：Supercritical water biological matter reactor system with rotatable reactor container

Supercritical water biomass gasification system will include the substantially water with about 5 meters of length and about 2 meters of diameter Calm down to tubular reactor vessel.Pump will be under the pressure in about 350 DEG C of subcritical temperature, about 23 megapascal (MPa)s Biomass slurry from pre-heater pumping by slurry inlet from the first end of reactor vessel and by second end at Slurry outlet leaves.Slurry outlet will be connected to heat exchanger fluid.Reactor vessel will be byN is made and will packet Include the coating with ceramic fire resistant lining cutting on its inner surface.Reactor vessel will be arranged in the support formed by nickel alloy material In container.Ceramic bearing layer will be arranged between reactor vessel and support container to support the rotation of reactor vessel.Protection Fluid inlet will allow the fused salt fluid comprising lithium fluoride and beryllium fluoride (FLiBe) to enter reactor vessel at first end. FLiBe fused salts will be left by the protection fluid outlet at the second end of reactor vessel.

Gas will be coupled for dynamical type motor with the axis for being connected to reactor vessel.The engagement of motor will be so that reactor holds Device goes to per minute about 1000 with per minute about 800 and rotates.The rotary speed of reactor vessel will be on fused salt fluid Impose the big centripetal acceleration of force of gravity acceleration so that fused salt fluid substantially adjoin with reactor vessel inner surface it is anti- It answers and is rotated in the protective layer at the outermost portion of device container.Biomass slurry will flow through reactor vessel in fused salt fluid layer, So that the corrosive ion prevented in biomass slurry is contacted inner surface and/or ceramic fire resistant lining cutting.

Fused salt fluid layer will provide and reduce or eliminate the contact between biomass slurry and the inner surface of reactor vessel Physical barriers, to reduce reactor in supercritical water biomass gasification process relative to the similar system for lacking fused salt fluid layer The corrosion of container.

In detailed description above, with reference to attached drawing, attached drawing constitutes a part for detailed description.In the accompanying drawings, it removes Non- context points out that otherwise similar symbol usually indicates similar component.It is being described in detail, retouched in drawings and claims The exemplary embodiment stated is not intended to limit.Other embodiments can be used, and other changes can be made, without departing from this The spirit or scope for the theme that text is presented.It will readily understand that, as herein substantially description and as illustrated in the figures, the disclosure Scheme can arrange, substitute, combine, detach and design with various different configurations, it is all these all herein clearly It visualizes.

The disclosure is not limited by described specific embodiment in this application, these specific embodiments are intended to each side The example of case.It should be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be carried out, without departing from its spirit and model It encloses.According to the explanation of front, in addition to enumerated herein other than those, the functionally equivalent method and dress within the scope of the disclosure It sets and will be apparent to those skilled in the art.It is intended to these improvement projects and variation example falls and wanted in accompanying right In the range of seeking book.Together in the entire scope of the equivalent program of the given right of these claims, the disclosure only by with Attached claims limitation.It will be appreciated that the present disclosure is not limited to specific method, reagent, compound, composition or biology departments System, certain these can change.It will also be appreciated that term as used herein is merely to describe the mesh of specific embodiment , and be not intended to limit.

About the use of substantially any plural number and/or singular references herein, those skilled in the art can be according to upper Hereafter and/or application suitably pluralizes from complex transform singularization and/or from odd number transformation.For the sake of clarity, herein In clearly illustrate the displacement of each singular/plural.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that usually, term as used herein, especially appended claims (for example, The main body of appended claims) used in term, be generally intended to as " open " term (for example, term " comprising " should It is construed to " include but not limited to ", term " having " should be interpreted that " at least having ", and term " comprising " should be interpreted that " including but not It is limited to ", etc.).Although describing each composition according to each component of " comprising " or step (being construed to mean " including, but are not limited to ") Object, method and apparatus, the constituent, method and apparatus can be with " being mainly made of each component and step " or " by each group Part and step are constituted ", and these terms should be construed as defining and substantially be closed member's group.Those skilled in the art also manage Solution, if being intended to the particular number of expression guided bone claims hereinbelow item, which will clearly describe in the claims, And there is no this description, such intention is not present.Assistant solves supplemented by for example, accompanying right below It is required that may including the use of guided bone phrase "at least one" and " one or more " to guide claims hereinbelow item.So And the use of this phrase should be not construed as to imply that indefinite article "a" or "an" guiding claims hereinbelow item will include to be somebody's turn to do Any specific rights requirement of the claims hereinbelow item guided is confined to only include the embodiment of the description item, even if When same claim include guided bone phrase " one or more " or "at least one" and such as indefinite article " one " or (for example, " one " and/or "one" should be construed as indicating "at least one" or " one or more ") of "one"；This is equally suitable For the use for the definite article for guiding claims hereinbelow item.In addition, even if clearly describing the power being guided Profit requires to describe the particular number of item, should be construed as at least indicating to be remembered it will be understood by the skilled person that these describe item The quantity stated is (for example, the naked description " two description items " without other modifiers indicates that at least two describe item or two or more Description item).In addition, in using those of the usage example similar to " at least one of A, B and C etc. ", usually this The construction of sample is intended to expression those skilled in the art understand that the meaning of the usage is (for example, " have at least one of A, B and C System " will include but not limited to only with A, only with B, only with C, with A and B, with A and C, with B and C, and/or System with A, B and C etc.).In using those of the usage for being similar to " at least one of A, B or C etc. " example, Usually such construction is intended to expression those skilled in the art understand that the meaning of the usage is (for example, " have in A, B or C extremely Few one system " will include but not limited to only with A, only with B, only with C, with A and B, with A and C, with B and C, and/or system with A, B and C etc.).It will be further understood by those skilled in the art that more than two options are presented Substantially any words of severance and/or phrase, either in specification, claim or attached drawing, it includes one to be understood to imagine Item, any one or two possibilities.For example, term " A or B " is it will be appreciated that include the possibility of " A " or " B " or " A and B ".

In addition, in the case where describing the feature or scheme of the disclosure according to marlcush group (Markush group), ability Field technique personnel will be appreciated that therefore the disclosure is also described with the subgroup of any independent members of marlcush group or member.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that for any and whole purpose, such as write say is being provided In terms of bright book, full scope disclosed herein also contemplated the group of any and whole possible subrange and its subrange It closes.It can be readily appreciated that any listed range all adequately describes same range and same range is made to resolve at least Impartial half, one third, a quarter, 1/5th, 1/10th etc..It is discussed herein as non-restrictive example Each range can be easily decomposed into lower one third, middle one third and upper one third, etc..People in the art Member will be further understood that the quantity that all language such as " up to ", " at least " include described and refer to such as institute above Discuss be then able to resolve into the range of subrange.Finally, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that range includes each only Vertical member.Thus, for example, the group with 1-3 unit refers to the group with 1,2 or 3 unit.Similarly, have The group of 1-5 unit refers to the group, etc. with 1,2,3,4 or 5 unit.

Disclosed above and other each feature and function or its alternative, which can be combined to, many other different is In system or application.Those skilled in the art can then make various unforeseen or unexpected optional sides current herein Case, improvement project, variation example or improvement, are covered wherein being each also intended to by disclosed embodiment.

Claims

1. a kind of reactor assembly of the corrosion for the part being configured to reduce reactor assembly, the system comprises：

Reactor vessel comprising inner surface, and be configured to receive at least part of the inner surface with corrosivity Reactor fluid and dense fluid with the density higher than the reactor fluid density, the reactor fluid and described Dense fluid cannot substantially mix；

Rotating element is configured to rotate in the reactor vessel, and to generate rotary force, the rotary force is forced into At least part of the reactor fluid of the reactor vessel is in the reactor vessel with reactor fluid whirlpool The mode of stream flows, and be forced into the dense fluid of the reactor vessel at least part it is described anti-to surround Answer the mode of at least part of dense fluid eddy-currents of device flow eddies stream flow and with the institute of the reactor vessel It states inner surface to adjoin, the dense fluid eddy-currents passes through at least one described in the reactor fluid and the inner surface / formation barrier corrodes to play the role of reducing；

At least one dense fluid entrance is configured to provide for the dense fluid and enters entering in the reactor vessel Mouthful；And

The outlet of at least one dense fluid, is located at below at least one dense fluid entrance and be configured to will be described dense The reactor vessel is discharged in fluid, and at least one dense fluid outlet is positioned at the lower section of the rotating element.

2. reactor assembly as described in claim 1, wherein the rotating element includes impeller.

3. reactor assembly as described in claim 1, wherein the rotating element includes brass, ceramics, nickel alloy, austenite At least one of ferroalloy, stainless steel alloy and titanium.

4. reactor assembly as described in claim 1, wherein the reactor assembly is configured to supercritical water reaction device system.

5. reactor assembly as described in claim 1, wherein the reactor fluid is arranged in the reactor vessel extremely In a few part.

6. reactor assembly as described in claim 1, wherein the dense fluid is arranged in the reactor vessel at least In a part.

7. reactor assembly as described in claim 1, wherein the reactor assembly is configured to gasification system, biogas One kind in change system and waste oxidation system.

8. reactor assembly as described in claim 1, wherein the reactor vessel is configured in heater and heat exchanger It is a kind of.

9. reactor assembly as described in claim 1, wherein the reactor assembly is configured to gasification system, and it is described Reactor fluid includes coal slurry.

10. reactor assembly as described in claim 1, wherein the reactor assembly is configured to biomass gasification system, and And the reactor fluid includes biomass slurry.

11. reactor assembly as described in claim 1, wherein the dense fluid includes metal, metal alloy, fused salt, hydrocarbon Liquid or combination thereof.

12. reactor assembly as described in claim 1, wherein the dense fluid include tin, zinc, aluminium, lead, bismuth, gallium, cadmium, Any at least one of alloy and combination thereof above-mentioned.

13. reactor assembly as described in claim 1, wherein the dense fluid includes：

Lithium fluoride and beryllium fluoride；

Lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride and potassium fluoride；

Sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite and potassium nitrate；

Potassium chloride and magnesium chloride；

Rubidium chloride and zirconium fluoride；Or

Their arbitrary combination.

14. reactor assembly as described in claim 1, wherein described at least part of the inner surface includes ceramic material Material.

15. reactor assembly as described in claim 1, further comprises：

Reactor fluid entrance is located at the lower section of the rotating element, substantially in the bottom of the reactor vessel；

Reactor fluid exports, and is located substantially at the top of the reactor vessel, at least one dense fluid entrance At the position of top；And

Pump is in fluid communication with the reactor fluid entrance and is configured to force passing through from the reactor fluid entrance The reactor fluid of the reactor vessel is left by reactor fluid outlet.

16. reactor assembly as described in claim 1 further comprises being configured to impurity filtering out the thick of the dense fluid Close fluid filter.

17. reactor assembly as described in claim 1, wherein described at least part of the inner surface is located at the reaction The construction of device container is in the region of the reactor fluid for the temperature for receiving 300 degrees Celsius to 350 degrees Celsius.

18. reactor assembly as described in claim 1, wherein the dense fluid is along the side opposite with the reactor fluid To flowing through the reactor vessel.

19. a kind of method reducing the corrosion in reactor assembly, the method includes：

Offer includes the reactor vessel of inner surface；

The rotating element for being configured to rotate in the reactor vessel is provided；

It is received to the mordant reactor fluid of at least part of the inner surface at the reactor vessel；

The dense fluid with the density higher than the reactor fluid density is received at the reactor vessel, it is described dense Fluid cannot substantially be mixed with the reactor fluid；And the rotation rotating element is to generate rotary force, the rotation Power makes at least part of the reactor fluid when it flows through the reactor vessel with reactor fluid eddy-currents Mode flows and so that at least part of the dense fluid is described anti-to surround when it flows through the reactor vessel Answer the mode of at least part of dense fluid eddy-currents of device flow eddies stream to flow, the dense fluid eddy-currents by Barrier is formed between the reactor fluid and described at least part of the inner surface to play the role of reducing corrosion.

20. method as claimed in claim 19, wherein the rotating element includes impeller.

21. method as claimed in claim 19, wherein constructing the reactor vessel to receive the dense fluid and including：

It provides and at least one dense fluid entrance coupled is in fluid communication with the reactor vessel；

The dense fluid is supplied to the reactor vessel by least one dense fluid entrance；

At least one dense fluid outlet is provided, the dense fluid outlet couples and determines with reactor vessel fluid communication Lower section of the position in the lower section and the rotating element of at least one dense fluid entrance；And

The dense fluid is discharged by least one dense fluid outlet.

22. method as claimed in claim 21, wherein constructing the reactor vessel to receive the reactor fluid and including：

At least one reactor fluid entrance, at least one reactor fluid entrance and the reactor vessel fluid are provided Connection couples and is located at the lower section of the rotating element, substantially in the bottom of the reactor vessel；

The reactor fluid is supplied by the reactor fluid entrance；

At least one reactor fluid outlet, at least one reactor fluid outlet and the reactor vessel fluid are provided Connection couples and is located in the top of at least one dense fluid entrance, substantially at the top of the reactor vessel；

The reactor fluid is discharged by reactor fluid outlet；And

The reactor fluid by the reactor vessel from the reactor fluid entrance is forced to pass through the reactor Fluid outlet leaves.

23. method as claimed in claim 19 further comprises to filter out impurity using dense fluid filter described thick Close fluid.

24. method as claimed in claim 19, further comprise constructing the reactor vessel with by the dense fluid whirlpool Vortex is located in region of the reactor fluid with 300 degrees Celsius to 350 degrees Celsius of temperature.

25. a kind of manufacture is configured to the method for reducing the reactor assembly of the corrosion of the part of reactor assembly, the method packet It includes：

Offer includes the reactor vessel of inner surface；

The reactor vessel is constructed to accommodate to the mordant reactor fluid of at least part of the inner surface and tool There is the dense fluid of the density higher than the reactor fluid density, the reactor fluid and the dense fluid are substantially not It can mixing；And

Rotating element is provided, the rotating element is configured to rotate in the reactor vessel, wherein the rotating element Rotation generates rotary force, and the rotary force forces at least part of the reactor fluid in the reactor vessel with anti- It answers the mode of device flow eddies stream to flow and forces at least part of the dense fluid to surround the reactor fluid The mode of at least part of dense fluid eddy-currents of eddy-currents flows, and the dense fluid eddy-currents passes through in the reaction Barrier is formed between device fluid and described at least part of the inner surface and plays the role of reducing corrosion.

26. method as claimed in claim 25, wherein it includes that impeller construction is first for the rotation to provide the rotating element Part.

27. method as claimed in claim 25 further comprises the reactor assembly being configured to supercritical water reaction device System.

28. method as claimed in claim 25 further comprises the reactor assembly being configured to gasification system, biology One kind in matter gasification system and waste oxidation system.

29. method as claimed in claim 25 further comprises the reactor vessel being configured to heater and heat exchanger In one kind.

30. method as claimed in claim 25 further comprises the reactor assembly being configured to gasification system, described Gasification system is configured to operate using coal slurry as the reactor fluid.

31. method as claimed in claim 25 further comprises the reactor assembly being configured to biomass gasification system, The biomass gasification system is configured to operate using biomass slurry as the reactor fluid.

32. method as claimed in claim 25 further comprises the reactor assembly being configured to metal, metal alloy Or both operated as the dense fluid.

33. method as claimed in claim 25, further comprise by the reactor assembly be configured to tin, zinc, aluminium, lead, Bismuth, gallium, cadmium, any at least one of alloy and combination thereof above-mentioned are operated as the dense fluid.

34. method as claimed in claim 25 further comprises being configured to wrap by described at least part of the inner surface Include ceramic material.

35. method as claimed in claim 25, further comprises：

At least one dense fluid entrance is provided, at least one dense fluid inlet configuration be provide the dense fluid into Enter the entrance of the reactor vessel；And

At least one dense fluid outlet is provided, at least one dense fluid outlet is located at least one dense stream It the lower section of body entrance and is configured to the dense fluid being discharged from the reactor vessel, at least one dense stream Body exports the lower section for being located in the rotating element.

36. method as claimed in claim 35, further comprises：

At least one reactor fluid entrance is provided, at least one reactor fluid entrance is located in the rotating element Lower section, the reactor vessel bottom；

At least one reactor fluid outlet is provided, at least one reactor fluid outlet is positioned approximately in the reactor The top of container, at least one dense fluid entrance top position at；And

Pump is configured to be in fluid communication with the reactor fluid entrance, to force passing through from the reactor fluid entrance The reactor fluid of the reactor vessel is left by reactor fluid outlet.

37. method as claimed in claim 25 further comprises that offer is configured to filter out impurity from the dense fluid Filter.

38. a kind of reactor assembly for being configured to reduce its partial corrosion, the system comprises：

Reactor vessel comprising inner surface, and be configured to receive reactor fluid and fused salt fluid, the reactor fluid It is corrosive at least part of the inner surface, the reactor fluid and the fused salt fluid cannot substantially mix； And

Reactor vessel circulator is configured to so that at least part of the fused salt fluid is described in the inner surface The speed that molten salt layer is formed at least part rotates the reactor vessel, and the molten salt layer passes through in the reactor fluid Barrier is formed between described at least part of the inner surface to play the role of reducing corrosion.

39. reactor assembly as claimed in claim 38, wherein the reactor vessel is arranged in substantially vertical orientation,

The wherein described reactor vessel is configured to receive the fused salt fluid at the top of the reactor vessel so that described The fused salt fluid flows to bottom at the top of the reactor vessel during reactor vessel rotates.

40. reactor assembly as claimed in claim 38, wherein the reactor vessel is arranged in approximate horizontal orientation simultaneously And the speed is enough to generate the fused salt fluid than entering the reactor vessel at least part of the fused salt fluid Described at least part on the big centripetal acceleration of acceleration of gravity.

41. reactor assembly as claimed in claim 38, wherein the reactor assembly is configured to supercritical water reaction device system System.

42. reactor assembly as claimed in claim 38, wherein the reactor assembly is configured to gasification system, biomass One kind in gasification system and waste oxidation system.

43. reactor assembly as claimed in claim 38, wherein the reactor vessel is configured in heater and heat exchanger One kind.

44. reactor assembly as claimed in claim 38, wherein the reactor assembly is configured to gasification system, and institute It includes coal slurry to state reactor fluid.

45. reactor assembly as claimed in claim 38, wherein the reactor assembly is configured to biomass gasification system, and And the reactor fluid includes biomass slurry.

46. reactor assembly as claimed in claim 38, wherein the reactor vessel is contained in support construction.

47. reactor assembly as claimed in claim 46 further comprises being arranged in the support construction and the reactor Rotation support component between container, the rotation support component are configured to be conducive to the reactor vessel in the support construction Interior rotation.

48. reactor assembly as claimed in claim 47, wherein the rotation support component includes rotation support fluid.

49. reactor assembly as claimed in claim 48, wherein rotation support fluid includes fused salt fluid.

50. reactor assembly as claimed in claim 47, wherein the rotation support component includes ceramic bearing.

51. reactor assembly as claimed in claim 46, wherein the support construction includes nickel alloy.

52. reactor assembly as claimed in claim 38, wherein the reactor vessel is included in the inner surface at least Interior rib-shaped piece in a part increases the friction between the fused salt fluid and described at least part of the inner surface.

53. reactor assembly as claimed in claim 38, wherein the fused salt fluid includes：

Lithium fluoride and beryllium fluoride；

Lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride and potassium fluoride；

Sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite and potassium nitrate；

Potassium chloride and magnesium chloride；

Rubidium chloride and zirconium fluoride；Or

Their arbitrary combination.

54. reactor assembly as claimed in claim 38, wherein at least one reactor vessel is configured to per minute 1 It goes to per minute 1000 and transfers rotation.

55. reactor assembly as claimed in claim 38 further comprises supercritical reaction loop, wherein the reactor stream Body includes supercritical water and slurry fluid, and the supercritical water and slurry fluid are reacted in the reactor vessel is closed with generating At gas.

56. reactor assembly as claimed in claim 55, wherein the fused salt fluid is in touches described melt in response to water Salt fluid and at a temperature of generating supercritical water.

57. reactor assembly as claimed in claim 55, wherein the supercritical reaction loop includes：

The separator being in fluid communication with the reactor vessel；

The cleaning container being in fluid communication with the separator；

The heater being in fluid communication with the cleaning container and the reactor vessel；And

Pump is configured to force the fused salt fluid by the reactor vessel, separator, the cleaning container, described Heater and the sequence for returning to the reactor vessel pass through the supercritical reaction loop.

58. reactor assembly as claimed in claim 55 further comprises synthetic gas cooling loop, wherein the reactor Fluid includes water and synthetic gas.

59. reactor assembly as claimed in claim 56, wherein the synthetic gas cooling loop is configured to remain described molten Salt fluid is in the temperature of the synthetic gas in the cooling reactor fluid.

60. reactor assembly as claimed in claim 56, wherein the synthetic gas cooling loop includes：

The separator being in fluid communication with the reactor vessel；

The cleaning container being in fluid communication with the separator；

The heat exchanger being in fluid communication with the cleaning container and the reactor vessel；And

Pump is configured to force the fused salt fluid by the reactor vessel, separator, the cleaning container, described Heat exchanger and the sequence for returning to the reactor vessel pass through the synthetic gas cooling loop.

61. reactor assembly as claimed in claim 60, wherein the heat exchanger of the synthetic gas cooling loop and institute The reactor vessel for stating supercritical reaction loop is in fluid communication.

62. reactor assembly as claimed in claim 60, wherein that is heated in the synthetic gas cooling loop is described molten At least part of salt fluid flows into the supercritical reaction loop to heat the slurry fluid.

63. a kind of method reducing the corrosion in reactor assembly, the method includes：

Offer includes the reactor vessel of inner surface；

Fused salt fluid is received at the reactor vessel, the fused salt fluid cannot substantially be mixed with the reactor fluid It closes；And

Make the reactor vessel so that at least part of the fused salt fluid is at least one described in the inner surface Form the speed of molten salt layer on point and rotate, the molten salt layer by described in the reactor fluid and the inner surface extremely Barrier is formed between a few part to play the role of reducing corrosion.

64. the method as described in claim 63, wherein the reactor vessel is arranged in substantially vertical orientation,

The wherein described reactor vessel is configured to receive the fused salt fluid at the top of the reactor vessel so that in institute The fused salt fluid flows to bottom at the top of the reactor vessel during stating reactor vessel rotation.

65. the method as described in claim 63, wherein the reactor vessel is arranged in approximate horizontal orientation, and it is described Speed is enough to generate at least part of the fused salt fluid described in the fused salt fluid than entering the reactor vessel The big centripetal acceleration of acceleration of gravity at least part.

66. the method as described in claim 63 further comprises providing the structural support, wherein the reactor vessel is contained in In the support construction.

67. the method as described in claim 66 further comprises that offer is arranged in the support construction and holds with the reactor In favor of rotation support component that the reactor vessel rotates in the support construction between device.

68. the method as described in claim 67, wherein the rotation support component includes rotation support fluid.

69. method as recited in claim 68, wherein rotation support fluid includes fused salt fluid.

70. the method as described in claim 67, wherein the rotation support component includes ceramic bearing.

71. the method as described in claim 63, wherein the fused salt fluid includes：

Lithium fluoride and beryllium fluoride；

Lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride and potassium fluoride；

Sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite and potassium nitrate；

Potassium chloride and magnesium chloride；

Rubidium chloride and zirconium fluoride；Or

Their arbitrary combination.

72. the method as described in claim 63, wherein the reactor vessel goes to per minute 1000 with per minute 1 transfers rotation Turn.

73. the method as described in claim 63 further comprises the reactor vessel being oriented in substantially horizontal arrangement.

74. a kind of method of manufacture reactor assembly, the method includes：

Offer includes the reactor vessel of inner surface；

The reactor vessel is constructed to receive reactor fluid and fused salt fluid, the reactor fluid is to the inner surface At least part is corrosive, and the reactor fluid and the fused salt fluid cannot substantially mix；

At least one reactor vessel circulator is connected to the reactor vessel, at least one reactor vessel rotation Device be configured to make the reactor vessel so that the fused salt fluid at least part described in the inner surface at least The speed of molten salt layer is formed in a part to rotate, the molten salt layer passes through the institute in the reactor fluid and the inner surface Formation barrier corrodes to play the role of reducing between stating at least part.

75. the method as described in claim 74, wherein the reactor vessel is arranged in substantially vertical orientation,

The wherein described reactor vessel is configured to receive the fused salt fluid at the top of the reactor vessel, described anti- The fused salt fluid flows to bottom at the top of the reactor vessel during answering device container to rotate.

76. the method as described in claim 74, wherein the reactor vessel is arranged in approximate horizontal orientation, and the speed It is enough to generate at least part of the fused salt fluid described in the fused salt fluid than the entrance reactor vessel at least The big centripetal acceleration of acceleration of gravity in a part.

77. the method as described in claim 74 further comprises the reactor assembly being configured to supercritical water reaction device System.

78. the method as described in claim 74 further comprises the reactor assembly being configured to gasification system, biology One kind in matter gasification system and waste oxidation system.

79. the method as described in claim 74 further comprises the reactor vessel being configured to heater and heat exchanger In one kind.

80. the method as described in claim 74 further comprises the reactor assembly being configured to gasification system, described Gasification system is configured to operate using coal slurry as the reactor fluid.

81. the method as described in claim 74 further comprises the reactor assembly being configured to biomass gasification system, The biomass gasification system is configured to operate using biomass slurry as the reactor fluid.

82. the method as described in claim 74 further comprises providing the structural support, wherein the reactor vessel is contained in In the support construction.

83. the method as described in claim 82, further comprises：

Rotation support component is provided, the rotation support component is arranged between the support construction and the reactor vessel； And

Construct rotation of the rotation support component in favor of the reactor vessel in the support construction.

84. the method as described in claim 83, wherein the rotation support component includes rotation support fluid.

85. the method as described in claim 84, wherein rotation support fluid includes fused salt fluid.

86. the method as described in claim 83, wherein the rotation support component includes ceramic bearing.

87. the method as described in claim 83, wherein at least one support construction includes nickel alloy.

88. the method as described in claim 74 further comprises at least the one of the inner surface of the reactor vessel Interior rib-shaped piece is set on part to increase the friction between the fused salt fluid and the inner surface.

89. the method as described in claim 74 further comprises the reactor assembly being configured to using as follows as described Fused salt fluid operates：

Lithium fluoride and beryllium fluoride；

Lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride and potassium fluoride；

Sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite and potassium nitrate；

Potassium chloride and magnesium chloride；

Rubidium chloride and zirconium fluoride；Or

Their arbitrary combination.

90. the method as described in claim 74 further comprises at least one reactor vessel being configured to every point Clock 1 goes to per minute 1000 and transfers rotation.

91. the method as described in claim 74 further comprises forming supercritical reaction loop, wherein the reactor fluid Including supercritical water and slurry fluid, the supercritical water and slurry fluid are reacted in the reactor vessel to generate synthesis Gas.

92. the method as described in claim 91 further comprises that by the supercritical reaction loop structure be using in sound Ying Yushui touch the fused salt fluid and generate supercritical water at a temperature of fused salt fluid and operate.

93. the method as described in claim 91, wherein the supercritical reaction loop includes：

With the separator of the reactor vessel fluid connection；

With the cleaning container of the separator fluid connection；

With the heater of the cleaning container and the reactor vessel fluid connection；And

94. the method as described in claim 93 further comprises forming synthetic gas cooling loop, wherein the reactor stream Body includes water and synthetic gas.

95. the method as described in claim 94 further comprises being configured to utilize by the synthetic gas cooling loop being in It is configured to cool down the fused salt fluid operation of the temperature of the synthetic gas in the reactor fluid.

96. the method as described in claim 94, wherein the synthetic gas cooling loop includes：

With the separator of the reactor vessel fluid connection；

With the cleaning container of the separator fluid connection；

With the heat exchanger of the cleaning container and the reactor vessel fluid connection；And

Pump is configured to force the fused salt fluid by the reactor vessel, separator, the cleaning container, described Heat exchanger and the sequence for returning to the reactor vessel pass through the supercritical reaction loop.

97. the method as described in claim 96 further comprises the heat exchanger structure of the synthetic gas cooling loop Cause the reactor vessel fluid connection with the supercritical reaction loop.

98. the method as described in claim 96 further comprises constructing the supercritical reaction loop and the synthetic gas Cooling loop so that the fused salt fluid heated in the synthetic gas cooling loop flows into the supercritical reaction loop to add The heat slurry fluid.

99. a kind of reactor assembly for being configured to reduce the corrosion of its part, the system comprises：

Reactor vessel comprising inner surface and be configured to receive to the mordant reaction of at least part of the inner surface Device fluid and the protection fluid that cannot be substantially mixed with the reactor fluid；And

Rotating element is configured to generate rotary force, and the rotary force forces at least part of the protection fluid described It is flowed in layer between reactor fluid and described at least part of the inner surface, the layer passes through in the reactor stream Barrier is formed between body and described at least part of the inner surface to play the role of reducing corrosion；

The wherein described rotating element includes reactor vessel circulator, and the reactor vessel revolver configuration is to make the reaction Device container is so that described at least part of the protection fluid forms institute in described at least part of the inner surface The speed of layer is stated to rotate.

100. the reactor assembly as described in claim 99, wherein the reactor assembly is configured to supercritical water reaction device system System.

101. the reactor assembly as described in claim 99, wherein the reactor assembly is configured to gasification system, biology One kind in matter gasification system and waste oxidation system.

102. the reactor assembly as described in claim 99, wherein the reactor assembly is configured to gasification system, and The reactor fluid includes coal slurry.

103. the reactor assembly as described in claim 99, wherein the reactor assembly is configured to biomass gasification system, And the reactor fluid includes biomass slurry.

104. the reactor assembly as described in claim 99, wherein the reactor vessel is configured in heater and heat exchanger One kind.

105. the reactor assembly as described in claim 99, wherein the reactor fluid is arranged in the reactor vessel In at least part.

106. the reactor assembly as described in claim 99, wherein the protection fluid placement the reactor vessel extremely In a few part.

107. the reactor assembly as described in claim 99, wherein described at least part of the inner surface be located in it is described The construction of reactor vessel is in the region of the reactor fluid for the temperature for receiving 300 degrees Celsius to 350 degrees Celsius.

108. the reactor assembly as described in claim 99, wherein the rotating element includes impeller.

109. the reactor assembly as described in claim 102, wherein the protection fluid include metal, metal alloy, fused salt, Hydrocarbon liquid or combination thereof.

110. the reactor assembly as described in claim 102, wherein the protection fluid include tin, zinc, aluminium, lead, bismuth, gallium, Cadmium, any at least one of alloy and combination thereof above-mentioned.

111. the reactor assembly as described in claim 99, wherein the protection fluid includes fused salt fluid.

112. the reactor assembly as described in claim 99, wherein the fused salt fluid includes：

Lithium fluoride and beryllium fluoride；

Lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride and potassium fluoride；

Sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite and potassium nitrate；

Potassium chloride and magnesium chloride；

Rubidium chloride and zirconium fluoride；Or

Their arbitrary combination.

113. the reactor assembly as described in claim 99, wherein the reactor vessel is arranged in substantially vertical orientation,

The wherein described reactor vessel is configured to receive the protection fluid at the top of the reactor vessel, so that The protection fluid flows to bottom at the top of the reactor vessel during the reactor vessel rotation.

114. the reactor assembly as described in claim 99, wherein the reactor vessel is arranged in approximate horizontal orientation, And the speed is enough to generate the protection stream than entering the reactor vessel at least part of the protection fluid The big centripetal acceleration of acceleration of gravity in described at least part of body.

115. the reactor assembly as described in claim 99, wherein the reactor vessel is contained in support construction.

116. the reactor assembly as described in claim 115 further comprises that be arranged in the support construction reacts with described Rotation support component between device container, the rotation support component are configured to tie in the support conducive to the reactor vessel Rotation in structure.

117. the reactor assembly as described in claim 116, wherein the rotation support component includes rotation support fluid.

118. the reactor assembly as described in claim 117, wherein rotation support fluid includes fused salt fluid.

119. the reactor assembly as described in claim 117, wherein the rotation support component includes ceramic bearing.

120. the reactor assembly as described in claim 115, wherein the support construction includes nickel alloy.

121. the reactor assembly as described in claim 99, wherein at least one reactor vessel is configured to per minute 1, which goes to per minute 1000, transfers rotation.