CN105651649B - A kind of atomic density real-time online measuring method suitable for atom magnetometer - Google Patents

A kind of atomic density real-time online measuring method suitable for atom magnetometer Download PDF

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CN105651649B
CN105651649B CN201610055101.8A CN201610055101A CN105651649B CN 105651649 B CN105651649 B CN 105651649B CN 201610055101 A CN201610055101 A CN 201610055101A CN 105651649 B CN105651649 B CN 105651649B
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mrow
atom
atom magnetometer
magnetometer
alkali metal
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CN105651649A (en
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陈熙源
张红
邹升
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Southeast University
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Southeast University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
    • G01N9/24—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity by observing the transmission of wave or particle radiation through the material

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of atomic density real-time online measuring method suitable for atom magnetometer, is specially：The alkali metal air chamber of atom magnetometer is heated first；Then pumping luminous power is reduced, and applies a D.C. magnetic field to the z directional coils of atom magnetometer；Then sine wave field sweep and the data acquisition in atom magnetometer y directions are completed by ZI lock-in amplifiers；Then the output signal of ZI lock-in amplifiers and the magnetic resonance line width of atom magnetometer are fitted with Lorentz curve；Finally calculate the alkali metal atom density of atom magnetometer.The inventive method fills up blank of the prior art without fast and effectively atomic density real-time online measuring method, and theoretical direction and reference can be provided for atom magnetometer sensitivity enhancement.

Description

A kind of atomic density real-time online measuring method suitable for atom magnetometer
Technical field
The present invention is directed to propose a kind of atomic density real-time online measuring method suitable for atom magnetometer, belongs to optics Detection, spectrum analysis, density detection technical field.
Background technology
Partly it is widely present in based on magnetic field in nature, field detecting device is as a kind of understanding natural basis Instrument has high researching value.Active demand to highly sensitive field detecting device promotes ultra-high sensitive atom magnetometer Produce and develop.According to newest progress, optical pumping atom magnetometer, start to show to the sensitive of Exceedingly feeble magnetic field detection Property.
Atom magnetometer is mainly made up of four big systems：Light-source system, magnetic screen and magnetic occur system, heating system, with And sensitive gauge outfit (alkali metal air chamber).Because atom magnetometer has extremely extensive potential using value, therefore, it becomes Fall over each other the heat subject of research for numerous scholars.In these researchs, for the research of atomic density measure in alkali metal air chamber It is related to very few.Zou Sheng et al. propose that suitable for alkali metal air chamber process alkali metal mixture ratio controls it is real-time Line monitoring method and device.The method and device are only applicable to the ratio that process monitors roughly alkali metal mixture, can not Carry out accurate density measure.
At present, it is relevant directly to complete accurately and quickly real-time online measuring alkali metal gas in itself using atom magnetometer device The method of the atomic density of chamber interior, not disclosed report.
The content of the invention
Goal of the invention：Atomic spin magnetometer sensitivity this problem is directly affected for atomic density, the present invention bases oneself upon In atom magnetometer in itself, a kind of atomic density real-time online measuring method theoretical based on magnetic resonance line width is proposed；To fill up Blank of the prior art without fast and effectively atomic density real-time online measuring method, and can be atom magnetometer sensitivity enhancement Theoretical direction and reference are provided.
Technical scheme：To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
Using the magnetic resonance line width of atom magnetometer as magnetic field function, magnetic is described by the full width at half maximum of Lorentz curve Resonance line width, formula are as follows：
In formula：Δ υ is magnetic resonance line width, and I is nucleon angular momentum (for potassium atom, I=3/2), RSEHanded over for spin Mutual collision relaxation,For planck constant, gSFor the Lande factor of electronics, μBFor Bohr magneton, B is magnetic field, γeFor electronic rotating magnetism Than q is core deceleration parameter (under high magnetic field environments, q=4), and i represents imaginary part.
Magnetic resonance line width and magnetic field dependence are understood by formula (1)；As shown in figure 1, under a certain temperature conditionss, magnetic resonance line Width increases with the increase in magnetic field, and after magnetic field increases to a certain value, magnetic resonance line width will tend towards stability, and hardly become Change.In Fig. 1, when temperature is less than 195 DEG C, to obtain accurate magnetic resonance line width, magnetic field is needed in more than 3000nT；When When temperature is higher than 195 DEG C, to obtain accurate magnetic resonance line width, magnetic field is needed in more than 5000nT.
Based on above-mentioned analysis, we can describe magnetic resonance line width using magnetometer parameter, such as formula (2) and formula (3)：
In formula：T2For T2, ROPFor pumping rate, RSDRelaxation rate, ω are destroyed for spin0For Zeeman transition frequency Rate, Re represent real part, υHFFor ground state hyperfine splitting.
It is known that magnetic resonance line width is limited to the interactive collision relaxation rate that spins under big magnetic field environment；When pumping auroral poles When weak, spin polarizability P ＜ ＜ 1, magnetic resonance line width can be expressed as by convolution (2) and formula (3)：
In formula：N be atom magnetometer alkali metal atom density, σSEIt is to spin interaction collision cross-section (for potassium atom For, σSE=1.8 × 10-14cm2), KBFor Boltzmann constant, T is temperature, and M is the reduced mass of alkali metal atom,M is the quality of alkali metal atom.When temperature rises to 190 DEG C by 140 DEG C,Vary less.
Formula (4) and formula (5) are integrated, formula (6) can be obtained：
Based on above-mentioned analysis, the atomic density real-time online measuring method provided by the invention suitable for atom magnetometer, Specifically comprise the following steps：
(1) the alkali metal air chamber of atom magnetometer is heated to temperature T；
(2) pumping luminous power is reduced, and applies a D.C. magnetic field to the z directional coils of atom magnetometer；
(3) by the output end of the y directional coils of atom magnetometer and ZI (Zurich Instruments) lock-in amplifier Mouth is connected, and sine wave field sweep and the data acquisition in atom magnetometer y directions, ZI lock-in amplifiers are completed by ZI lock-in amplifiers Output signal be designated as f (x), x is sine wave field sweep frequency；
(4) output signal of ZI lock-in amplifiers and the magnetic resonance line width of atom magnetometer are fitted with Lorentz curve, is intended It is as follows to close formula：
Wherein：A is fitting coefficient, and b is the resonant frequency of alkali metal atom, and c is constant term, and Δ υ is atom magnetometer Magnetic resonance line width；
(5) the alkali metal atom density of atom magnetometer is calculated using equation below：
In formula：N be atom magnetometer alkali metal atom density, σSEFor spin interaction collision cross-section, KBFor Bohr hereby Graceful constant, M are the reduced mass of alkali metal atom,M is the quality of alkali metal atom.
Specifically, in the step (2), pumping luminous power is reduced to 30~100 μ W.
Specifically, in the step (2), apply 3000~5000nT DC magnetic to the z directional coils of atom magnetometer .
Beneficial effect：Atomic density real-time online measuring method provided by the invention suitable for atom magnetometer, have Following advantage：1st, fill up and lack the blank that fast and effectively atomic density realizes On-line Measuring Method；2nd, commented for atom magnetometer Estimate atomic density and effectively reference is provided；3rd, provided safeguard for lifting atom magnetometer sensitivity.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is magnetic resonance line width and magnetic field dependence；
Fig. 2 is atomic density real-time online measuring device in atom magnetometer, wherein：1 is speculum one；2 be beam expanding lens； 3 be the polarizer；4 areWave plate；5 be three-dimensional magnetic coil；6 be the polarizer；7 be beam expanding lens；8 be speculum two；9 be detection laser Device；10 be magnetic shielding barrel；11 be function generator；12 be computer；13 be ZI lock-in amplifiers；14 be alkali metal air chamber；15 For PBS；16 be balanced detector；17 be speculum three；18 be baking box；19 be optically pumped laser；
Fig. 3 is the experimental result at 140 DEG C.
Embodiment
Illustrated by taking potassium atom magnetometer as an example using the present invention to measure atomic density number in alkali metal air chamber.
A kind of atomic density real-time online measuring device suitable for atom magnetometer is illustrated in figure 2, with prior art Using identical structure；Measuring method comprises the following steps：
(1) optical path adjusting and line：Light path shown in accompanying drawing 2 is fine-tuned and wiring to specifications；
(2) system prepares：Electric heating system is opened, alkali metal plenum interior is heated to 140 DEG C；
(3) start to test：Pumping luminous power is reduced to 30 μ W, applies 3000nT D.C. magnetic fields in z directional coils；By ZI Lock-in amplifier exports the sine wave field sweep that an amplitude is 5nT to y directions, and field sweep frequency range is 11KHz to 26KHz；Together When, by ZI lock-in amplifier data acquisitions.
(4) data processing：With the output signal and frequency of Lorentz curve fitting lock-in amplifier：
(5) if result is as shown in Figure of description 3, at 140 DEG C, present invention side is used to carry out real-time online density survey Amount, density result is obtained as 0.49 × 1013cm-3。
Described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that：For the ordinary skill people of the art For member, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improvements and modifications also should It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

  1. A kind of 1. atomic density real-time online measuring method suitable for atom magnetometer, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：
    (1) the alkali metal air chamber of atom magnetometer is heated to temperature T；
    (2) pumping luminous power is reduced, and applies a D.C. magnetic field to the z directional coils of atom magnetometer；
    (3) the y directional coils of atom magnetometer are connected with the output port of ZI lock-in amplifiers, it is complete by ZI lock-in amplifiers Sine wave field sweep and data acquisition into atom magnetometer y directions, the output signal of ZI lock-in amplifiers are designated as f (x), and x is just String ripple field sweep frequency；
    (4) output signal of ZI lock-in amplifiers and the magnetic resonance line width of atom magnetometer are fitted with Lorentz curve, fitting is public Formula is as follows：
    <mrow> <mi>f</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mi>a</mi> <msqrt> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>&amp;Delta;</mi> <mi>&amp;upsi;</mi> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </mfrac> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </mrow> </msqrt> </mfrac> <mo>+</mo> <mi>c</mi> </mrow>
    Wherein：A is fitting coefficient, and b is the resonant frequency of alkali metal atom, and c is constant term, and Δ υ is that the magnetic of atom magnetometer is total to Shake line width；
    (5) the alkali metal atom density of atom magnetometer is calculated using equation below：
    <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>8</mn> <mi>&amp;pi;</mi> <mi>&amp;infin;</mi> <mi>&amp;upsi;</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <msub> <mi>&amp;sigma;</mi> <mrow> <mi>S</mi> <mi>E</mi> </mrow> </msub> <msqrt> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>8</mn> <msub> <mi>K</mi> <mi>B</mi> </msub> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>&amp;pi;</mi> <mi>M</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </msqrt> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow>
    In formula：N be atom magnetometer alkali metal atom density, σSEFor spin interaction collision cross-section, KBIt is normal for Boltzmann Number, M are the reduced mass of alkali metal atom,M is the quality of alkali metal atom.
  2. 2. the atomic density real-time online measuring method according to claim 1 suitable for atom magnetometer, its feature exists In：In the step (2), pumping luminous power is reduced to 30~100 μ W.
  3. 3. the atomic density real-time online measuring method according to claim 1 suitable for atom magnetometer, its feature exists In：In the step (2), apply 3000~5000nT D.C. magnetic field to the z directional coils of atom magnetometer.
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CN108088766A (en) * 2016-11-23 2018-05-29 北京自动化控制设备研究所 A kind of alkali metal atom transfer method
CN106597338B (en) * 2016-12-28 2019-03-29 北京航空航天大学 A method of atom lateral relaxation time is measured based on electron resonance phase frequency analysis
CN107167437B (en) * 2017-05-15 2019-07-26 北京航空航天大学 A kind of atomic density accurate measurement method based on mixing optical pumping
CN107192633A (en) * 2017-07-10 2017-09-22 北京航空航天大学 Under a kind of SERF states in on-line measurement atom magnetometer air chamber alkali metal density method
CN107727089A (en) * 2017-09-30 2018-02-23 北京航空航天大学 A kind of measurement of three axle remnant fields and compensation method suitable for SERF atomic spin gyroscopes
CN107831094B (en) * 2017-10-30 2020-04-07 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 Method for measuring gas diffusion constant based on change of relaxation rate of alkali metal atom
CN108872011B (en) * 2018-06-26 2020-08-18 北京航空航天大学 Method and device for measuring density of alkali metal atom vapor based on coherent detection
CN111856344B (en) * 2020-07-16 2022-04-22 北京航空航天大学 Method for inhibiting atomic spin inertia or magnetic field measurement error caused by temperature fluctuation
CN112504912B (en) * 2020-12-04 2021-10-12 北京航空航天大学 Alkali metal density measurement method based on alkali metal electron polarizability
CN113740786A (en) * 2021-09-01 2021-12-03 西安交通大学 Method for measuring alkali metal atom density of single-beam SERF atomic magnetometer
US11867778B2 (en) 2021-09-14 2024-01-09 Zhejiang Lab System and method for testing spatial distribution uniformity of alkali metal atom number density of atom magnetometer
CN113777106B (en) * 2021-09-14 2022-05-27 之江实验室 System and method for testing spatial distribution uniformity of alkali metal atomic number density of atomic magnetometer
CN114460504B (en) * 2021-12-22 2023-08-15 北京自动化控制设备研究所 Online measurement and control system and method for line width of atomic magnetometer
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