CN105630061B - A kind of tandem photovoltaic component maximum power point tracing method - Google Patents

A kind of tandem photovoltaic component maximum power point tracing method Download PDF

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CN105630061B
CN105630061B CN201610053236.0A CN201610053236A CN105630061B CN 105630061 B CN105630061 B CN 105630061B CN 201610053236 A CN201610053236 A CN 201610053236A CN 105630061 B CN105630061 B CN 105630061B
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photovoltaic component
unimodal
interval
tandem photovoltaic
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CN105630061A (en
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卫东
王央康
李志勇
徐创
陶泽炎
童鹏
常亚文
高志
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Zhejiang Yuhe Testing Co.,Ltd.
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China Jiliang University
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Abstract

A kind of tandem photovoltaic component maximum power point tracing method, including：It is starting voltage whole scan with open-circuit voltage；Multimodal P U curves are divided into unimodal P U intervals by tandem photovoltaic component output voltage when being turned on according to bypass diode；None-disk terminal diode current flow P U curves are unimodal interval；Formula Δ U (n)=N*ln | dI (n+1)/dU (n+1)/[I (n+1)/U (n+1)] | is introduced, magnitude of voltage U when linear equation value of Δ U (n) on tandem photovoltaic component output voltage U is 0 is obtained in each 0.4 times to 0.98 times unimodal P U interval computation0, with U0For starting voltage Δ U (n) is that step size voltage value tracks MPP using increment conductance method；Global MPP and operating voltage are obtained by comparing.The present invention both can guarantee that the rapidity and accuracy of tandem photovoltaic component tracks MPP, the concussion of reduction circuit power is can guarantee that again and is lost.

Description

A kind of tandem photovoltaic component maximum power point tracing method
Technical field：
The present invention relates to a kind of tandem photovoltaic component maximum power point tracing method.
Background technology：
Becoming increasingly conspicuous with Environmental and ecological problems in the last few years, development clean energy resource turns into current socio-economic development Inexorable trend, solar energy with its cleaning, pollution-free, noiseless, it is inexhaustible, nexhaustible the characteristics of increasingly be subject to the world it is each The favor of state, China is also more and more to the input of photovoltaic industry.Although photovoltaic generation industry size is increasing, but photovoltaic The utilization ratio of generating is not too high, and subject matter is how reasonable disposition makes the power output of photovoltaic array reach most Greatly, so propose photovoltaic maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technology.
Part photovoltaic module may be built during photovoltaic generation, partial occlusion feelings occur in trees, the influence such as dark clouds Condition, so as to cause the component cisco unity malfunction that is partly blocked, fever phenomenon is produced as load, causes power loss, also It is described hot spot effect, catastrophic failure can be also caused when serious.The hot spot caused to solve photovoltaic array partial occlusion is imitated Should, often in one bypass diode of two ends reverse parallel connection of photovoltaic module, so photovoltaic module be subject to partial occlusion when with Reverse parallel connection bypass diode will turn on so as to blocked photovoltaic module isolation, it is to avoid hot spot effect generation.Photovoltaic Although component two ends reverse parallel connection bypass diode solves the problems, such as hot spot effect well, the difficulty of MPPT technique is the increase in Degree.In the case of none-disk terminal diode, the power output-voltage curve only one of which peak value of multiple tandem photovoltaic components is interval, increases Plus after reverse parallel connection bypass diode, when not blocked, the power output-voltage curve of multiple tandem photovoltaic components equally only has One peak value interval, but in the case of partial occlusion, often turning on a bypass diode will have more a peak value interval.
For single peak MPPT algorithm, current technology is highly developed, and most conventional has constant voltage process, disturbance observation Method (climbing method), increment conductance method and their some innovatory algorithms, also differential evolution algorithm, FUZZY ALGORITHMS FOR CONTROL, god Through network algorithm etc., but the unimodal value-based algorithms of routine and general improvement MPPT can not fast and accurately track MPP and for Multi-peak MPPT problems are not applied to substantially.For multimodal MPPT algorithm, current algorithms most in use is mainly some bionics algorithms, than Such as genetic algorithm, particle cluster algorithm, genetic algorithm and particle cluster algorithm rapidly converge to global peak point, but It is them from bionic attribute so that its is more difficult, while implementing more complicated, and is being applied to actual photovoltaic There is its inherent defect when in electricity generation system.
The content of the invention：
It is contemplated that tandem photovoltaic component maximum power point can not be quick and precisely found for existing MPPT algorithm, it is special It is not that the interval easily generation part of tandem photovoltaic component power output-multiple peak values of voltage curve appearance is sought in the case of partial occlusion Excellent and emergent power concussion the problems such as cause energy loss at MPP, proposes a kind of to divide multimodal power output-voltage curve It is interval multiple unimodal power output-voltages (P-U), magnitude of voltage is again near each unimodal interval quick positioning maximum power point MPPT is carried out using Step-varied back propagation increment conductance method and finally tracks the method that obtains global MPP.
A kind of tandem photovoltaic component maximum power point tracing method is provided by this purpose, plan uses following technical scheme：
Provided herein is a kind of tandem photovoltaic component maximum power point tracing method, it is characterized in that being the every of tandem photovoltaic component Individual photovoltaic module two ends reverse parallel connection has a bypass diode, tandem photovoltaic component bypass diode when by partial occlusion Can turn on, tandem photovoltaic component output voltage values U when bypass diode is turned onDIt is tandem photovoltaic component power output-electricity Pressure (P-U) curve peak voltage value, according to UDIt is subject to multimodal P-U curves during partial occlusion to be divided into tandem photovoltaic component many Individual unimodal P-U is interval, in the interval introducing Step-varied back propagation voltage equations of each unimodal P-U for dividing, such as shown in formula (1),
Wherein,
DU (n+1)=U (n+1)-U (n) (2)
DI (n+1)=I (n+1)-I (n) (3)
In formula (1)-(3), Δ U (n) represents step size voltage, and N is positive number, represents step factor, its size and number level Determined by actual conditions, ln represents the logarithm as bottom with e, U (n+1), I (n+1) represent the sample voltage value at current time respectively Represent the derivative of current time sample voltage value and sampled current value respectively with sampled current value dU (n+1), dI (n+1), U (n), I (n) represents the sample voltage value and sampled current value of previous moment, n=1,2,3... respectively；
The step size voltage value of formula (1) is 0 at each unimodal P-U interval maximum power point, and divide each 0.4 times to 0.98 times unimodal P-U interval P-U interval, step size voltage value Δ U (n) of formula (1) is defeated on tandem photovoltaic component The curve for going out voltage U can regard straight line as, by the output voltage for being calculated tandem photovoltaic component when linear equation value is 0 Value U0, with U0For the value of starting voltage value formula (1) is step size voltage value, entered using increment conductance method in the unimodal intervals of each P-U Row MPPT maximum power point tracking (MPPT), finally gives global maximum power point PgmaxAnd PgmaxThe operational voltage value U at placem；Series connection light Bypass diode is not turned on when volt component is not by partial occlusion, the unimodal interval of P-U curve only one of which, according to tandem photovoltaic component During by partial occlusion P is obtained in the interval MPPT methods of the unimodal P-U for dividinggmaxAnd Um.Photovoltaic module is not only solved not receive The multimodal P-U intervals of tandem photovoltaic component in the case of partial occlusion, are also accurately divided into list by unimodal MPPT problems when blocking Peak P-U is interval, and multimodal MPPT is solved the problems, such as with unimodal MPPT methods, quick and precisely finds global MPP, moreover it is possible to reduce maximum work Concussion and power loss near rate point.The MPPT methods are comprised the following steps：
I. in controller setting and each antiparallel bypass diode in photovoltaic module two ends by shut-off to conducting voltage threshold Value Uref；
II. detection stores the open-circuit voltage U at series connection photovoltaic module two endsoc, with UocIt is starting voltage with small step size voltage u Tandem photovoltaic component output voltage values are gradually reduced for step size voltage, [0, Uoc] voltage range carries out quick global voltage and sweep Retouch, while detecting each bypass diode two ends output voltage Ud；
III. during global voltage scanning, U is detectedd=UrefWhen, i.e., bypass diode occurs by shut-off to conducting When, in the output voltage values of the whole tandem photovoltaic component of controller samples storage, V is designated as successively1, V2..., Vm, wherein m is little All antiparallel bypass diode numbers subtract 1 in whole tandem photovoltaic component；
IV. proved by emulation and experimental study, bypass diode occurs by shut-off to turn-on instant tandem photovoltaic component Output voltage be also magnitude of voltage at tandem photovoltaic component P-U curve troughs, thereby determine that tandem photovoltaic in the case of partial occlusion Magnitude of voltage is also successively V at the trough of the P-U curves of component1, V2..., Vm；
V. according to magnitude of voltage V at the tandem photovoltaic component P-U curve troughs for determining1, V2..., Vm, in tandem photovoltaic component [the 0, U of power output-voltage curveoc] voltage range divides power output-voltage unimodal interval and be followed successively by [V from right to left1, Uoc], [V2, V1] ..., [0, Vm]；
VI. formula (1)-(3) are combined, according to increment conductance method formula, formula (4) is obtained,
Wherein,
P (n+1)=U (n+1) * I (n+1) (5)
DP (n+1)=P (n+1)-P (n) (6)
In formula (4)-(6), P (n+1) represents current time performance number, and dP (n+1) represents the derivative of current time power, It is 0 that must have formula (4) value at the interval MPP of each peak value, obtains formula (7)：
According to formula (4), formula (4) value is 0 at each unimodal P-U interval MPP, and the value of formula (7) is 1, therefore Formula (1) value is 0 at each unimodal P-U intervals MPP, and by emulation and experimental verification, in tandem photovoltaic component, each is unimodal The equation approximate one of the step size voltage value on output voltage U of P-U interval 0.4 times to 0.98 times P-U intervals formula (1) is straight Line, straight line value is 0 at MPP, and now corresponding output voltage is voltage, the straight line value on the left of MPP at the MPP of unimodal P-U intervals Less than 0, straight line value is more than 0 on the right side of MPP；
VII. in the [V that each unimodal P-U is interval1+0.4*(Uoc-V1), 0.98*Uoc]、[0.4*(V1-V2), 0.98* V1]、...、[0.4*Vm, 0.98*Vm] interval, respectively with 0.98*Uoc、0.98*V1、...、0.98*VmFor starting voltage u is step Voltage long reduces direction to voltage carries out tertiary voltage current sample, obtains sampling and outputting voltage value U (1), U (2), U (3) and right Sampled output current value I (1), I (2), the I (3) at moment are answered, with reference to formula (1)-(3), if the step size voltage value Δ U of formula (1) Shown in the linear equation expression formula such as formula (8) of (n) on output voltage U,
The step size voltage value Δ U of formula (8) is obtained when being 0,
Each unimodal P-U intervals maximum power point corresponding magnitude of voltage U nearby is obtained according to formula (9)0；
VIII. with U0It is unimodal interval using increasing in each P-U for the value of starting voltage value formula (1) is step size voltage value Amount conductance method carries out MPPT maximum power point tracking (MPPT), and tracking obtains the interval maximum power point P of each unimodal P-Ulmax, take each Individual PlmaxIn maximum as to global maximum power point Pgmax；
If IX. detecting described bypass diode to be not turned on, the unimodal P-U for dividing is interval for [0, Uoc], according to The MPPT steps carried out in each the unimodal P-U interval for dividing when tandem photovoltaic component is subject to partial occlusion obtain Pgmax；
X. P is set in controllergmaxCorresponding output voltage UmIt is the operational voltage value of tandem photovoltaic component；
If XI. external environmental condition changes, return to step II-X re-starts MPPT.
The present invention determines tandem photovoltaic component photovoltaic module two ends in the case of partial occlusion by emulation and experimental verification Inverse parallel bypass diode can be turned on, and cause P-U curves multiple peak values occur, determine the trough point electricity of multimodal P-U curves Pressure is output voltage of the photovoltaic module two ends reverse parallel connection bypass diode by shut-off to tandem photovoltaic component during conducting, without screening All reverse parallel connection bypass diodes are not turned on during gear, and P-U curves are unimodal；Side is determined whether by global voltage scanning Road diode is turned on, if turning on, according to turn-on instant tandem photovoltaic component output voltage multimodal P-U interval divisions For multiple unimodal P-U are interval, so as to solve the problems, such as unimodal MPPT solving the problems, such as that multimodal MPPT is converted into, it is to avoid use bionics Algorithm keeps track multimodal MPP is absorbed in local optimal searching problem；Step-varied back propagation voltage equation is introduced, interval in each unimodal P-U 0.4 times to 0.98 times voltage range, the variable step voltage equation of introducing is the approximate straight of zero crossing on output voltage Voltage is public by sampled voltage current value step size voltage corresponding with calculating near corresponding voltage value at MPP at line, and zero crossing Formula value solves MPP magnitudes of voltage nearby, then carries out MPPT using increment conductance method such that it is able to quick and precisely and smooth find Each unimodal interval MPP, and the concussion during tracking near maximum power point can be reduced, energy loss is reduced, most Global MPP is can determine that by comparing each unimodal P-U intervals MPP size again eventually, so that it is determined that tandem photovoltaic component operation exists Operating voltage during MPP.
Brief description of the drawings：
Fig. 1 be partial occlusion and it is unobstructed in the case of four pieces of tandem photovoltaic components and voltage sampling circuit schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 be partial occlusion and it is unobstructed in the case of four pieces of tandem photovoltaic component power output-voltage simulation curve figures.
Fig. 3 is that four pieces of tandem photovoltaic component two ends reverse parallel connection bypass diode output voltages are closed in the case of partial occlusion In the simulation curve figure of tandem photovoltaic component output voltage U.
Fig. 4 be in the case of unobstructed four pieces of tandem photovoltaic component two ends reverse parallel connection bypass diode output voltages on The simulation curve figure of tandem photovoltaic component output voltage U.
Fig. 5 be present invention introduces variable step voltage equation Δ U (n)=N*ln |-dI (n+1)/dU (n+1)/[I (n+1)/ U (n+1)] | four pieces of tandem photovoltaic components are not in partial occlusion and by defeated on tandem photovoltaic component under circumstance of occlusion when taking N=1 Go out the simulation curve figure of voltage U.
Fig. 6 is flow chart of the present invention.
Specific embodiment：
The present invention is described further below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.It should be appreciated that reality described herein The mode of applying is merely to illustrate and explain the present invention, therefore should not limit protection model of the invention with the content of this specific embodiment Enclose.
Fig. 1 be partial occlusion and it is unobstructed in the case of four pieces of tandem photovoltaic components and voltage sampling circuit schematic diagram, its In, PVM1-PVM4 is 60W photovoltaic modulies, and under standard test condition, i.e., light intensity is 1000W/m2, temperature be 25 DEG C under the conditions of, Magnitude of voltage and current value are respectively 21.1V, 3.8A, 17.1V and 3.5A, D1- at open-circuit voltage, short circuit current, maximum power point D4 is respectively the bypass diode of correspondence photovoltaic module two ends reverse parallel connection, and conducting voltage is 0.7V, and Vd1-Vd4 is represented and passed through The magnitude of voltage of the D1-D4 that voltage sampling circuit is sampled, U represents whole tandem photovoltaic component output voltage values, and S represents that illumination is strong Degree, unit is W/m2, photovoltaic module is by the different photogenerated current differences for producing of coverage extent, the light that S difference photovoltaic modulies are produced Raw electric current is equally also different, therefore the general difference with S values (is respectively 1000W/m during emulation in Fig. 12、600W/m2、300W/ m2、800W/m2) difference of the photovoltaic module by coverage extent is represented, S values are identical (to be 1000W/m in Fig. 12) when represent photovoltaic group Part is not blocked, and T represents environment temperature, unit for DEG C.
Four pieces of tandem photovoltaic components shown in Fig. 1 partial occlusion and it is unobstructed in the case of power output-voltage (P-U) emulation Curve map is respectively as shown in curve 1 in Fig. 2 and curve 2.As curve in Fig. 21 it can easily be seen that intensity of illumination suffered by PVM1-PVM4 Respectively 1000W/m2、600W/m2、300W/m2、800W/m2When, there are 4 peak values, PVM1- in the P-U curves that emulation draws Intensity of illumination is 1000W/m suffered by PVM42When, the P-U curves that emulation draws only have 1 peak value.
Four pieces of tandem photovoltaic component two ends inverse parallel bypass diodes are in partial occlusion and unobstructed situation ShiShimonoseki shown in Fig. 1 In tandem photovoltaic component output voltage U simulation curve respectively such as Fig. 3 in the institute of curve 7,8,9,10 in curve 3,4,5,6 and Fig. 4 Show.When four pieces of tandem photovoltaic components are blocked in Fig. 1, i.e., suffered intensity of illumination is respectively 1000W/m2、600W/m2、300W/ m2、800W/m2When, be can be seen that with open-circuit voltage as starting voltage by simulation curve in Fig. 3, as magnitude of voltage reduces to the left, D3, D2, D4 are sequentially turned on, and tandem photovoltaic component operation is 0 in short-circuit condition power output when wherein D1 is turned on, and is not considered, And as the reduction of voltage is always maintained at conducting state after D3, D2, D4 conducting, its output voltage is defeated on tandem photovoltaic component Go out the curve of voltage U respectively as shown in curve 5,4,6；When four pieces of tandem photovoltaic components are not blocked in Fig. 1, i.e., suffered illumination is strong Degree is 1000W/m2When, 4 bypass diodes can be seen that by simulation curve in Fig. 4 and do not led in course of normal operation Logical, in its curve of output such as Fig. 4 on output voltage U shown in curve 7 (8,9,10), four curves of output overlap, Ye Jisi The working condition of block photovoltaic module keeps identical, and bypass diode two ends output voltage now is also the defeated of every piece of photovoltaic module Go out voltage.
Curve 3,4,5,6 in curve 1 and Fig. 3 in comparison diagram 2, in conjunction with curve 7 in curve in Fig. 22 and Fig. 4 (8,9, 10), it will therefore be readily appreciated that when four pieces of tandem photovoltaic components are subject to partial occlusion in Fig. 1, photovoltaic module two ends inverse parallel bypass diode Conducting phenomenon can occur, the unimodal P-U curves 2 when causing tandem photovoltaic component from not blocked are changed into multimodal P-U curves 1, and A bypass diode P-U curve is often turned on during by coverage extent difference have more a peak value interval, and bypass diode therewith The output voltage of circuit is voltage, P-U when tandem photovoltaic component can be blocked accordingly at the trough of P-U curves during conducting Curve is divided into multiple unimodal P-U intervals, comprises the following steps that：
I. in controller setting and each antiparallel bypass diode in photovoltaic module two ends by shut-off to conducting voltage threshold Value Uref；
II. detection stores the open-circuit voltage U at series connection photovoltaic module two endsoc, with UocIt is starting voltage with small step size voltage u Tandem photovoltaic component output voltage values are gradually reduced for step size voltage, [0, Uoc] voltage range carries out quick global voltage and sweep Retouch, while detecting each bypass diode two ends output voltage Ud；
III. during global voltage scanning, U is detectedd=UrefMoment, i.e. bypass diode occur by shut-off to leading At the logical moment, in the output voltage values of the whole tandem photovoltaic component of controller samples storage, V is designated as successively1, V2..., Vm, wherein m All antiparallel bypass diode numbers subtract 1 in no more than whole tandem photovoltaic component；
IV. according to magnitude of voltage V at the tandem photovoltaic component P-U curve troughs for determining1, V2..., Vm, in tandem photovoltaic group [the 0, U of part power output-voltage curveoc] voltage range divides power output-voltage unimodal interval and be followed successively by from right to left [V1, Uoc], [V2, V1] ..., [0, Vm]；
If V. all of bypass diode is not turned on, what is divided is unimodal interval for [0, Uoc]。
Fig. 5 be present invention introduces variable step voltage equation Δ U (n)=N*ln |-dI (n+1)/dU (n+1)/[I (n+1)/ U (n+1)] | the simulation curve on tandem photovoltaic component output voltage U under circumstance of occlusion is received when taking N=1 in partial occlusion and not Figure.Still by taking four pieces of tandem photovoltaic components shown in Fig. 1 as an example, what is obtained is by partial occlusion and not electric by the step-length under circumstance of occlusion Simulation curve of pressure value Δ U (n) on output voltage U is respectively as shown in curve 11 and 12.By Fig. 5 it can easily be seen that no matter four pieces Whether tandem photovoltaic component is blocked, and step size voltage value Δ U (n) introduced at each unimodal P-U interval MPP is 0, MPP left sides, step size voltage value is less than 0, and on the right side of MPP, step size voltage value is more than 0, the value phase of step size voltage more remote apart from MPP To also bigger, and in 0.4 times to 0.98 times each unimodal P-U interval P-U is interval, step size voltage Δ U (n) is on output electricity The pressure approximate straight lines of U, from MPP more close to, step size voltage linear characteristic is better, therefore can be by unimodal interval at each Sampled voltage current value in 0.4 times to 0.98 times voltage difference is interval, and step size voltage value Δ U (n) at correspondence moment is calculated, obtain The output voltage U of tandem photovoltaic component when straight line transition formula evaluation of step size voltage Δ U (n) on output voltage U is 00, that is, obtain Magnitude of voltage near each unimodal P-U intervals MPP, then with U0For starting voltage Δ U (n) value is that step size voltage uses increment conductance method Each unimodal interval MPP can be quick and precisely traced into, is comprised the following steps that：
[the V in each the unimodal P-U interval for I. being divided in previous step1+0.4*(Uoc-V1), 0.98*Uoc]、[0.4* (V1-V2), 0.98*V1]、...、[0.4*Vm, 0.98*Vm] interval, respectively with 0.98*Uoc、0.98*V1、...、0.98*VmTo rise Beginning voltage u is that step size voltage carries out tertiary voltage current sample to voltage reduction direction, obtains sampling and outputting voltage value U (1), U (2), sampled output current value I (1), I (2), the I (3) at U (3) and correspondence moment, if step size voltage value Δ U (n) is on output electricity Press shown in the linear equation expression formula such as formula (1) of U,
The step size voltage value Δ U of formula (1) is obtained when being 0,
Each unimodal P-U intervals maximum power point corresponding magnitude of voltage U nearby is obtained according to formula (2)0；
II. with U0It is interval using increment electricity in each unimodal P-U for the value of starting voltage value Δ U (n) is step size voltage value Inducing defecation by enema and suppository carries out MPPT maximum power point tracking (MPPT), and tracking obtains the interval maximum power point P of each unimodal P-Ulmax。
If III. detecting described bypass diode to be not turned on, the unimodal P-U for dividing is interval for [0, Uoc], according to The MPPT steps carried out in each the unimodal P-U interval for dividing when tandem photovoltaic component is subject to partial occlusion obtain Plmax；
The P in each the unimodal P-U interval relatively obtained by above steplmaxSize quickly tracking can obtain light of connecting Lie prostrate the global maximum power point P of componentgmax, PgmaxThe output voltage values U of corresponding positionmAs tandem photovoltaic component maximum power point The output voltage at place, above step is reruned if external environmental condition changes.
Embodiment described above only expresses embodiments of the present invention, and its description is more specific and in detail, but can not be because This and be interpreted as the limitation to the scope of the claims of the present invention.Because the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims, Er Feiyou Specification is defined, therefore all changes fallen into the border and boundary of claim, or this claim border and boundary Equivalent processes all included by this paper claims.

Claims (2)

1. a kind of tandem photovoltaic component maximum power point tracing method, it is characterized in that each photovoltaic module two of tandem photovoltaic component End reverse parallel connection has a bypass diode, and tandem photovoltaic component bypass diode when by partial occlusion can be turned on, Tandem photovoltaic component output voltage values U when bypass diode is turned onDIt is tandem photovoltaic component power output-voltage P-U curve ripples Valley voltage value, according to UDIt is subject to multimodal P-U curves during partial occlusion to be divided into multiple unimodal P-U areas tandem photovoltaic component Between, in the interval introducing Step-varied back propagation voltage equations of each unimodal P-U for dividing, such as shown in formula (1),
Δ U ( n ) = N * ln | - d I ( n - 1 ) / d U ( n + 1 ) I ( n + 1 ) / U ( n + 1 ) | - - - ( 1 )
Wherein,
DU (n+1)=U (n+1)-U (n) (2)
DI (n+1)=I (n+1)-I (n) (3)
In formula (1)-(3), Δ U (n) represents step size voltage, and N is positive number, represents step factor, and its size and number level is by reality Border situation determines that ln represents the logarithm as bottom with e, and U (n+1), I (n+1) represent the sample voltage value at current time and adopt respectively Sample current value, dU (n+1), dI (n+1) represent the derivative of current time sample voltage value and sampled current value, U (n), I respectively (n) respectively represent previous moment sample voltage value and sampled current value, n=1,2,3 ...；The step size voltage value of formula (1) It is 0 at each unimodal P-U interval maximum power point, and in 0.4 times to 0.98 times each the unimodal P-U for dividing interval P- U is interval, and the curve of step size voltage value Δ U (n) on tandem photovoltaic component output voltage U of formula (1) can regard straight line as, By the output voltage values U for being calculated tandem photovoltaic component when linear equation value is 00, with U0It is starting voltage value, formula (1) Value be step size voltage value, MPPT maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is carried out using increment conductance method each unimodal P-U is interval, finally Obtain global maximum power point PgmaxAnd PgmaxThe operational voltage value U at placem；Two are bypassed when tandem photovoltaic component is not by partial occlusion Pole pipe is not turned on, the unimodal interval of P-U curve only one of which, in division during according to the tandem photovoltaic component by partial occlusion Unimodal P-U interval MPPT methods obtain PgmaxAnd Um；Comprised the following steps in concrete operations：
I. in the bypass diode conducting voltage threshold value U of controller setting photovoltaic module two ends reverse parallel connectionref；
II. with the open-circuit voltage U of tandem photovoltaic componentocIt is starting voltage, with small step size voltage u as step size voltage, [0, Uoc] Interval carries out quick global voltage scanning, while detecting each bypass diode two ends output voltage Ud；
III. U is detectedref=UdShi Suoshu bypass diodes are turned on, in the defeated of the whole tandem photovoltaic component of controller samples storage Go out magnitude of voltage, V is designated as successively1, V2..., Vm, wherein m is not more than the bypass of all reverse parallel connections in whole tandem photovoltaic component Diode number subtracts 1；
IV. according to the magnitude of voltage V1, V2..., Vm, [the 0, U of tandem photovoltaic component P-U curvesoc] the unimodal P-U of interval division Interval, each unimodal P-U interval of division is followed successively by [V1, Uoc], [V2, V1] ..., [0, Vm]；
V. the division each unimodal P-U it is interval introduce Step-varied back propagation voltage equation (1), the division each 0.4 times to 0.98 times unimodal P-U interval P-U intervals [V1+0.4*(Uoc-V1), 0.98*Uoc]、[0.4*(V1-V2), 0.98* V1]、...、[0.4*Vm, 0.98*Vm], respectively with 0.98*Uoc、0.98*V1、...、0.98*VmIt is starting voltage, u is step-length electricity Pressure, reducing direction to voltage carries out tertiary voltage current sample, obtains sampling and outputting voltage value U (1), U (2), U (3) and correspondence Sampled output current value I (1) at moment, I (2), I (3), with reference to formula (1)-(3), are calculated the step size voltage of formula (1) Magnitude of voltage U when linear equation expression formula of the value on tandem photovoltaic component output voltage U is 00, such as shown in formula (4),
U 0 = U ( 2 ) Δ U ( 1 ) - U ( 1 ) Δ U ( 2 ) Δ U ( 2 ) - Δ U ( 1 ) - - - ( 4 )
VI. in each unimodal P-U interval of the division with U0It is starting voltage, is used by step size voltage value of the value of formula (1) Increment conductance method carries out MPPT, and tracking obtains the interval maximum power point P of each unimodal P-U1max, take each P1maxIn maximum Value is used as global maximum power point Pgmax；
If VII. detecting described bypass diode to be not turned on, the unimodal P-U for dividing is interval for [0, Uoc], according to described Tandem photovoltaic component obtain P in the MPPT steps that carry out of each unimodal P-U interval for dividing when being subject to partial occlusiongmax；
VIII. P is set in controllergmaxCorresponding output voltage UmIt is the operational voltage value of tandem photovoltaic component.
2. tandem photovoltaic component maximum power point tracing method according to claim 1, if external environmental condition occurs Change, then return to step II-VIII in claim 1, re-starts MPPT maximum power point tracking.
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