CN104615187A - Solar photovoltaic system hot spot detection and optimal control method - Google Patents
Solar photovoltaic system hot spot detection and optimal control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104615187A CN104615187A CN201310537476.4A CN201310537476A CN104615187A CN 104615187 A CN104615187 A CN 104615187A CN 201310537476 A CN201310537476 A CN 201310537476A CN 104615187 A CN104615187 A CN 104615187A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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Abstract
The invention provides a solar photovoltaic system hot spot detection and an optimal control method, and the solar photovoltaic system hot spot detection and the optimal control method apply to the power source technical field of photovoltaic generation. The solar photovoltaic system hot spot detection and the optimal control method comprise the steps that a curve is output by scanning a photovoltaic module, a part maximum power point current and a volt-ampere slope of curve are obtained by calculating, the part maximum power point current and the volt-ampere slope of curve are input into a fuzzy controller, and the fuzzy controller is used for judging whether a heat spot appearing or not. The photovoltaic module opens circuit if the heat spot appears; the photovoltaic module works at an overall maximum power point if the heat spot does not appear. The solar photovoltaic system hot spot detection and optimal control method have the advantages that optimal control on the photovoltaic module is conducted correctly, the heat spot appearing is avoided, the service life of the photovoltaic module is prolonged, and the photovoltaic module is controlled to output a maximum power with partially shaded condition as far as possible.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to field of photovoltaic power generation, be specifically related to a kind of solar energy photovoltaic system hot spot and detect and optimal control method.
Background technology:
Solar electrical energy generation has the superiority such as inexhaustible, nexhaustible, non-environmental-pollution, is thought the green energy resource that following most is promising, be used widely by global energy expert.But in various photovoltaic generating system, the phenomenons such as ubiquity local shades or uneven illumination.
When in photovoltaic module, certain monomer photovoltaic cell is blocked by leaf or other opaque articles, make the monomer photovoltaic cell be blocked produce superheating phenomenon by causing this photovoltaic module output current to reduce, be commonly referred to hot spot phenomenon, the long time integration of this heat can cause assembly temperature to raise, when temperature is elevated to the surface encapsulation material that to a certain degree will destroy assembly, even can burn out the physical arrangement of monomer photovoltaic cell, have a strong impact on the serviceable life of photovoltaic module.Need to carry out Detection and diagnosis to hot spot phenomenon, existing most of hot spot fault detection method is all for photovoltaic array, and less for the research of the hot spot phenomenon on photovoltaic module.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of solar energy photovoltaic system hot spot and detects and optimal control method, can detect hot spot fault, exports simultaneously be optimized control to assembly.
The present invention is that a kind of solar energy photovoltaic system hot spot detects and optimal control method, and comprise the scanning of photovoltaic module output characteristics, fuzzy fault detects, and optimal control three phases, is specially:
One, photovoltaic module output characteristics scanning
Begin through regulable control signal from photovoltaic module open-circuit voltage and make the continuous reduction from open-circuit voltage place of photovoltaic module output voltage, until voltage is reduced to 0V, photovoltaic module output characteristics is scanned.In scanning process, by comparing output power of photovoltaic module value, finding out local maximum power point, calculating local maximum power point current differential and volt-ampere curve slope value.
Two, fuzzy fault detects
After the end of scan, all local maximum power point current differential and volt-ampere curve slope value are substituted into fuzzy fault trace routine, hot spot phenomenon is detected.
Three, optimal control
If the hot spot of detecting, then transformation of electrical energy controller quits work, and photovoltaic module is opened a way.
If there is not hot spot, then relatively local maximum power value size, draw prominent local maximum power point, i.e. global maximum power point, transformation of electrical energy controller regulates control signal, and described photovoltaic module is worked on global maximum power point.
The invention has the advantages that:
The present invention proposes and a kind ofly photovoltaic module hot spot phenomenon is detected and photovoltaic module is optimized to the method for control, can detect hot spot phenomenon accurately.
The present invention adopts the method for fuzzy control to judge hot spot phenomenon, simplicity of design, and be convenient to application, dirigibility is high.
Control method of the present invention can be correct control is optimized to assembly, avoid the generation of hot spot phenomenon, extend photovoltaic module serviceable life, and make assembly can Maximum Power Output as much as possible under local shades.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the solar energy photovoltaic system module diagram of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is fault detect and the optimal control process flow diagram of one embodiment of the invention.
Specific implementation method
Below in conjunction with specific embodiments and the drawings, the present invention will be further described.
The present invention is that a kind of solar energy photovoltaic system hot spot detects and optimal control method, and as shown in Figure 2, comprise the scanning of photovoltaic module output characteristics, fuzzy fault detects flow process, optimal control, and three phases, is specially:
One, photovoltaic module output characteristics scanning, comprises the following steps:
Step one, described transformation of electrical energy controller controls described photovoltaic module, and described photovoltaic module is opened a way.
Step 2, described transformation of electrical energy controller regulates photovoltaic module output voltage by controlling described power conversion circuit, makes photovoltaic module output voltage be reduced to 0V gradually from open-circuit voltage, completes a photovoltaic module output characteristics scanning process.
Step 3, described transformation of electrical energy controller in above-mentioned steps two scanning process, the output current of photovoltaic module and output voltage parameter when detecting and store the change of each power conversion circuit control signal, and calculate and obtain output power;
Step 4, described transformation of electrical energy controller compares according to the performance number calculated, and finds local maximum power point and record local maximum power point current value I
1, I
2, I
3, performance number P
1, P
2, P
3, wherein subscript represents the 1st or 2 or 3 local maximum power points respectively;
Step 5, after described transformation of electrical energy controller finds local maximum power point, calculates local maximum power point near open-circuit voltage side volt-ampere curve slope value k according to the voltage stored, current parameters
1, k
2, k
3, wherein subscript represent respectively the 1st or 2 or 3 local maximum power point time slope value;
Step 6, according to the difference △ I of local maximum power point current value calculating current value in step D
1=I
1-I
2, △ I
2=I
2-I
3, △ I
3=I
3-I
2;
Step 7, by the slope value k in step e
1, k
2, k
3, current value difference △ I in step F
1, △ I
2, △ I
3input fuzzy control program respectively, diagnose hot spot, fuzzy control program exports " occurring hot spot " and " not occurring hot spot " two kinds of diagnostic results;
Step 8, described transformation of electrical energy controller is optimized control according to fuzzy control program diagnostic result to photovoltaic module, if there is hot spot, then described transformation of electrical energy controller quits work, and photovoltaic module is opened a way; If there is not hot spot, then compare P
1, P
2, P
3the size of value, get maximal value as global maximum power point, described transformation of electrical energy controller regulates power conversion circuit, makes photovoltaic module work in global maximum power point.
Two, fuzzy fault detects
Fuzzy fault trace routine input quantity is △ I
1, △ I
2, △ I
3; k
1, k
2, k
3;
To input quantity △ I
1, △ I
2, △ I
3if global illumination strength ratio is blocked rear intensity of illumination and is greater than △ G
0=500W/m
2, just likely there is hot spot phenomenon.If illumination often reduces △ G
0/ 4W/m
2the difference I of corresponding short-circuit current
sCM-I
sCS=△ I
0, △ I span is set to [0,4 △ I
0], Linguistic Value is set to NB, NS, Z, PS, PB}, NB, NS, Z, PS, PB represent negative large, negative little respectively, and zero, just little, honest fuzzy concept.Domain is defined as {-4 ,-3 ,-2 ,-1,0,1,2,3,4}.
Input quantity slope k span is set to [R, 5R], and R is monomer photovoltaic cell resistance, Linguistic Value is set to { NB, NS, Z, PS, PB}, NB, NS, Z, PS, PB represents negative large, negative little respectively, zero, and just little, the fuzzy concept such as honest, represents single battery, 2 batteries respectively, 3 batteries, 4 batteries are blocked the Linguistic Value of corresponding slope k value, be blocked, represent with PB more than 4 batteries.Domain is defined as {-4 ,-3 ,-2 ,-1,0,1,2,3,4}.
Block battery number and calculate acquisition by volt-ampere curve slope value k, basis for estimation is:
x is for blocking number, and R is photovoltaic cell equivalent resistance.
Output quantity is coverage extent S.The domain of definition S is that {-4 ,-3 ,-2 ,-1,0,1,2,3,4}, defining five Linguistic Values is that { NB, NS, Z, PS, PB}, NB represent unobstructed; NS represents that coverage extent is comparatively light, △ G< △ G
0w/m
2; Z represents that coverage extent is medium, and be blocked number x>4, △ G> △ G
0w/m
2; PS represents that coverage extent is heavier, and be blocked number 1<x≤4, △ G> △ G
0w/m
2; PB represents and blocks number x=1, and △ G> △ G
0w/m
2, there is hot spot.
Fuzzy control membership function really normal root, according to the feature of fault detection method, chooses the shape of triangle as membership function.
The determination of fuzzy rule, according to fault detection method, can obtain following principle: judge the described photovoltaic module number that is blocked according to slope value, judges blocking rear intensity of illumination according to local maximum power point current differential; When there is multiple blocking, be last testing result with the most serious circumstance of occlusion.
Three, optimal control
If the hot spot of detecting, then miniature optimizer quits work, and photovoltaic module is opened a way.
If there is not hot spot, then relatively local maximum power value size, draw prominent local maximum power point, i.e. global maximum power point, miniature optimizer regulates control signal, and described photovoltaic module is worked on global maximum power point.
Claims (6)
1. a solar energy photovoltaic system, comprising: photovoltaic module (101), for conversion solar generation current; Transformation of electrical energy controller (102), its input end is connected with photovoltaic module, for controlling the output current of described photovoltaic module and/or output voltage, to produce peak power and to carry out fault detect, its output terminal and load or inverter or other transducers are connected.
2. solar energy photovoltaic system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described transformation of electrical energy controller (102) comprising: input detecting circuit (103), be connected with the input end of described transformation of electrical energy controller (102), for detecting the electric current and the voltage parameter that are input to described transformation of electrical energy controller (102); Control circuit (104), is connected with described input detecting circuit (103), for producing control signal according to described electric current and voltage by calculating, carrying out MPPT maximum power point tracking and controlling to detect with hot spot; Power conversion circuit (105), be connected with output terminal and described control circuit (104) with the input end of described transformation of electrical energy controller (102) respectively, for receiving described control signal, described photovoltaic module is boosted or step-down or straight-through to control.
3. solar energy photovoltaic system hot spot detects and an optimal control method, it is characterized in that, comprises step:
(1) described transformation of electrical energy controller (102) controls described photovoltaic module (101), and described photovoltaic module is opened a way;
(2) described transformation of electrical energy controller (102) regulates photovoltaic module output voltage by controlling described power conversion circuit (105), make photovoltaic module output voltage be reduced to 0V gradually from open-circuit voltage, complete a photovoltaic module output characteristics scanning process;
(3) described transformation of electrical energy controller (102) is in above-mentioned steps (2) scanning process, the output current of photovoltaic module and output voltage parameter when detecting and store the change of each power conversion circuit (105) control signal, and calculate and obtain output power;
(4) described transformation of electrical energy controller (102) is according to comparing the performance number calculated, and finds local maximum power point and record local maximum power point current value I
1, I
2, I
3, performance number P
1, P
2, P
3, wherein subscript represents the 1st or 2 or 3 local maximum power points respectively;
(5), after described transformation of electrical energy controller (102) finds local maximum power point, local maximum power point is calculated near open-circuit voltage side volt-ampere curve slope value k according to the voltage stored, current parameters
1, k
2, k
3, wherein subscript represent respectively the 1st or 2 or 3 local maximum power point time slope value;
(6) according to the difference △ I of local maximum power point current value calculating current value in step (4)
1=I
1-I
2, △ I
2=I
2-I
3, △ I
3=I
3-I
2;
(7) by the slope value k in step (5)
1, k
2, k
3, current value difference △ I in step (6)
1, △ I
2, △ I
3input fuzzy control program respectively, diagnose hot spot, fuzzy control program exports " occurring hot spot " and " not occurring hot spot " two kinds of diagnostic results;
(8) described transformation of electrical energy controller (102) is optimized control according to fuzzy control program diagnostic result to photovoltaic module, if there is hot spot, then described transformation of electrical energy controller (102) quits work, and photovoltaic module is opened a way; If there is not hot spot, then compare P
1, P
2, P
3the size of value, get maximal value as global maximum power point, described transformation of electrical energy controller (102) regulates power conversion circuit (105), makes photovoltaic module work in global maximum power point.
4. a kind of solar energy photovoltaic system hot spot detects and optimal control method according to claim 3, and it is characterized in that, described fuzzy fault trace routine input quantity is △ I
1, △ I
2, △ I
3and k
1, k
2, k
3; To input quantity △ I
1, △ I
2, △ I
3carry out Fuzzy Processing, if shade blocks intensity often reduce 125W/m
2time block before and after the difference of corresponding short-circuit current be △ I
0, △ I
1, △ I
2, △ I
3span is set to [0,4 △ I
0], Linguistic Value is set to NB, NS, Z, PS, PB}, NB, NS, Z, PS, PB represent negative large respectively, negative little, and zero, just little, honest fuzzy concept, domain is defined as {-4 ,-3 ,-2 ,-1,0,1,2,3,4}; Input quantity slope k
1, k
2, k
3span is set to [R, 5R], and R is photovoltaic cell equivalent resistance, Linguistic Value is set to { NB, NS, Z, PS, PB}, NB, NS, Z, PS, PB represent negative large, negative little respectively, zero, and just little, the fuzzy concept such as honest, represents single equivalent resistance, 2 equivalent resistances, 3 equivalent resistances respectively, the Linguistic Value of the slope k value that 4 equivalent resistances are corresponding, then represent with PB more than 4 equivalent resistances, domain is defined as {-4 ,-3 ,-2 ,-1,0,1,2,3,4}; The output quantity of fuzzy control program is coverage extent S, and the domain of definition S is {-4 ,-3 ,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,4}, defining five Linguistic Values is { NB, NS, Z, PS, PB}, NB represent unobstructed, and NS represents that coverage extent is lighter, Z represents that coverage extent is medium, and PS represents that coverage extent is heavier, and PB represents and occurs hot spot.
5. a kind of solar energy photovoltaic system hot spot detects and optimal control method according to claim 3, and it is characterized in that, described fuzzy fault trace routine control law is: as △ I
nbe greater than 4 △ I
0and k
nwhen being less than or equal to single equivalent resistance slope, occur hot spot, wherein subscript n is respectively 1 or 2 or 3; When there is multiple shielded area, be last testing result with the most serious circumstance of occlusion; Specific rules is as follows:
(1)If(△I
1is NB)，and(△I
2is NB)，and(△I
3is NB)，then(S is NB)；
(2)If(△I
1is PB)，and(△I
2is not PB)，and(△I
3is not PB)，and(k
1is NB)，and(k
2is not NB)，and(k
3is not NB)，then(S is PB)；
(3)If(△I
1is not PB)，and(△I
2is PB)，and(△I
3is PB)，and(k
2is NB)，then(S is PB)；
(4)If(△I
1is PB)，and(△I
2is not PB)，and(△I
3is not PB)，and(k
1is PB)，and(k
2is PB)，and(k
3isPB)，then(S is Z)；
(5)If(△I
1is not PB)，and(△I
2is PB)，and(△I
3is not PB)，and(k
1is PB)，and(k
2is PB)，and(k
3isnot PB)，then(S is Z)；
(6)If(△I
1is not PB)，and(△I
2is PB)，and(△I
3is PB)，and(k
2is NS)，then(S is PS)；
(7)If(△I
1is not PB)，and(△I
2is PB)，and(△I
3is PB)，and(k
2is Z)，then(S is PS)；
(8)If(△I
1is not PB)，and(△I
2is PB)，and(△I
3is PB)，and(k
2is PS)，then(S is PS)；
(9)If(△I
1is not PB)，and(△I
2is PB)，and(△I
3is PB)，and(k
2is PB)，then(S is Z)；
(10)If(k
3is PB)，then(S is Z)；
(11)If(k
3is not PB)，then(S is PS)；
(12)If(△I
1is PB)，and(△I
2is not PB)，and(△I
3is not PB)，and(k
1is NS)，and(k
2is PB)，and(k
3isPB)，then(S is PS)；
(13)If(△I
1is PB)，and(△I
2is not PB)，and(△I
3is not PB)，and(k
1is Z),and(k
2is PB)，and(k
3isPB)，then(S is Z)；
6. solar energy photovoltaic system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described power conversion circuit (105) is Boost circuit or Buck circuit or Buck-Boost circuit.
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Addressee: Shanghai Yanxin Electronic Technology Co.,Ltd. Person in charge of patentsThe principal of patent Document name: Notice of Approval for Fee Reduction |
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