CN105588569A - Method for performing positioning through shadows - Google Patents
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- CN105588569A CN105588569A CN201510924506.6A CN201510924506A CN105588569A CN 105588569 A CN105588569 A CN 105588569A CN 201510924506 A CN201510924506 A CN 201510924506A CN 105588569 A CN105588569 A CN 105588569A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C21/00—Navigation; Navigational instruments not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C19/00
- G01C21/20—Instruments for performing navigational calculations
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Abstract
A method for performing positioning through shadows is characterized in that firstly, time data and shadow length data are acquired, and a time sequence and a shadow length sequence are obtained; secondly, a declination angle is calculated; thirdly, according to the declination angle and a solar elevation angle, the relation between the shadow length and longitude as well as between the shadow length and latitude is established; finally, longitude and latitude are determined according to the time sequence and the shadow length sequence. When high-technology means cannot be used, the current geographical position can be accurately determined through the shadows. By means of the simple mathematic relation, the geographical position is gradually deduced according to the current date, needed equipment is simple, and the method is suitable for any time.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of locating technology, specifically a kind of method of utilizing shadow location.
Background technology
Location, the longitude and latitude in definite a certain place in other words, plays a part incomparable important at aspects such as exploration, exploration, personnel's rescues. People have had the ways and means of a lot of location at present, such as some smart mobile phone can position by network or GPS. But high-tech orientation tool is subject to the constraint of many conditions, as power supply, network signal etc., cannot have an effect once high-tech orientation tool, just cannot determine the position at own place.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of utilizing shadow location, there is no, under high-tech condition, cannot to determine the problem in concrete geographical position for solving.
The present invention solves the technical scheme that its technical problem takes: a kind of method of utilizing shadow location, it is characterized in that, and comprise following concrete steps:
Step 1), acquisition time data and shadow long data, obtain time data x1, x2 ..., the long sequence l1 of xn and shadow, l2 ..., ln;
Step 2), calculate declination angle δ;
Step 3), set up shadow long with longitude ω and latitudeRelation;
Step 4), determine longitude and latitude.
Further, described step 1) in the method for shadow long data of acquisition time data and known altitude object be every segment record current time at regular intervals, and measure the length of the shadow of known altitude object this moment.
Further, described step 2) in the concrete derivation of declination angle δ be:
Step 21), calculate a day angle θ according to the day of year N on observation date, day of year is since New Year's Day, the serial number of observation date within this year:
Step 22), calculate declination angle δ according to day angle θ:
δ＝0.3723+23.2567sinθ+0.1149sin2θ-0.1712sin3θ-0.578cosθ+0.3656cos2θ+0.0201cos3θ。
Further, described step 3) in the concrete process of establishing of shadow length and longitude and latitude relation comprise:
Step 31), determine hour angle T according to time t:
Step 311), the hourage that records moment x is constant, as the integer part of t;
Step 312),
Step 313), try to achieve t value, by the substitution of t valueTry to achieve T value, the central meridian that λ is certain time zone, x is the corresponding time of this time zone;
Step 32), according to hour angle T, declination angle δ, longitude ω and latitudeSet up the relational expression of sun altitude h:
Step 33), set up the relational expression of the long and longitude and latitude of shadow:
L is the actual height of object, and the unknown parameter of relational expression the inside just only has longitude ω and latitude like this
Further, described step 31) middle time x employing twenty four hours system.
Further, described step 4) determine that the detailed process of longitude and latitude comprises:
Step 41), by the time series t1 calculating, t2 ..., tn substitution step 33) and the described long formula of shadowCalculate corresponding shadow length:
Step 42), set up error mathematic model
Step 43), by by step 33) the shadow length that calculates of the long formula of shadow With the long sequence l1 of the shadow measuring, l2 ..., ln substitution step 42) and in the error mathematic model set up, obtain corresponding error sequenceMakeValue reach minimum parameterBe immediate longitude and latitude.
Further, described longitude ω and latitudeEvaluation technique be least square method.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: a kind of method of utilizing shadow location provided by the invention, when in the time that the arduous field survivorship of condition or high-tech technological means cannot be determined the geographical position at its place, utilize physical feature shadow to determine that geographical position is just particularly important.
The present invention utilizes simple mathematical relationship, progressively derives the geographical position at place according to the current date, and equipment used and simple, is applicable to any time.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is collecting method schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is declination of the present invention angle δ derivation figure;
Fig. 4 is the concrete process of establishing flow chart of shadow length and longitude and latitude relation of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the derivation flow chart of t of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the detailed process flow chart of definite longitude and latitude of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
As shown in Figures 1 to 6, a kind of method of utilizing shadow location, its detailed process comprises the following steps:
Step 1), the shadow long data of acquisition time data and known altitude object:
As shown in Figure 2, the long object for L is vertically stood on to ground, recorded current time every 3 minutes, and measure the length of shadow this moment, obtain time data x1, x2 ..., the long sequence l1 of xn and shadow, l2 ..., ln;
Step 2), calculate declination angle δ:
As shown in Figure 3, the concrete derivation of declination angle δ is:
Step 21), according to observation the date day of year N calculate a day angle θ:
Step 22), calculate declination angle δ according to day angle θ:
δ＝0.3723+23.2567sinθ+0.1149sin2θ-0.1712sin3θ-0.578cosθ+0.3656cos2θ+0.0201cos3θ。
Step 3), set up shadow long with longitude ω and latitudeRelation:
As shown in Figure 4, the concrete process of establishing of shadow length and longitude and latitude relation is as follows:
Step 31), determine hour angle T:
As shown in Figure 5, according to the time data x1 recording, x2 ..., xn sequence computing time t1, t2 ..., tn:
Step 311), the hourage that records moment x is constant, as the integer part of t;
Step 312),
Step 313), try to achieve t value, by the substitution of t valueTry to achieve T value, the central meridian that λ is certain time zone, x is the corresponding time of this time zone, tabulates and shows with twenty four hours;
Step 32), according to hour angle T, declination angle δ, longitude ω and latitudeSet up the relational expression of sun altitude h:
Step 33), set up the relational expression of the long and longitude and latitude of shadow:
L is the actual height of object, and the unknown parameter of relational expression the inside just only has longitude ω and latitude like this
Step 4), determine longitude and latitude:
As shown in Figure 6, determine that the detailed process of longitude and latitude is as follows:
Step 41), by the time series t1 calculating, t2 ..., tn substitution step 33) the long formula of shadowCalculate corresponding shadow length:
Step 42), set up error mathematic model
Step 43), by by step 33) the shadow length that calculates of the long formula of shadow With the long sequence l1 of the shadow measuring, l2 ..., ln substitution step 42) and in the error mathematic model set up, utilize least square method to obtain corresponding error sequence MakeValue reach minimum parameterBe immediate longitude and latitude.
Be below on April 18th, 2015 in somewhere, measure the detailed process of longitude and latitude:
Step 1), from Beijing time 14::42 to 15:42 during, the shadow that was the vertical straight-bar of 1.97 meters by length of ruler measurement every three minutes, obtains the long sequence li of time data xi and shadow as follows:
xi＝[14:42,14:45,14:48,14:51,14:54,14:57,15:00,15:03,15:06,15:09,15:12,15:15,15:18,15:21,15:24,15:27,15:30,15:33,15:36,15:39,15:42]；
li＝[0.6125,0.614583,0.616667,0.61875,0.620833,0.622917,0.625,0.627083,0.629167,0.63125,0.63333,0.6375,0.639583,0.641667,0.64375,0.645833,0.647917,0.65,0.652083,0.654167]。
Step 2), according to observation April 18 2015 date, by time=2015, day of year N=108 substitution formula:δ=0.3723+23.2567sin θ+0.1149sin2 θ-0.1712sin3 θ-0.578cos θ+0.3656cos2 θ+0.0201cos3 θ, obtains δ=10.8164 °, declination angle.
Step 3), calculate the time series ti obtaining according to the time data xi that records:
ti＝[14.7,14.75,14.8,14.85,14.9,14.95,15,15.05,15.1,15.15,15.2,15.25,15.3,15.35,15.4,15.45,15.5,15.55,15.6,15.65,15.7]；
Computing formula by the time series ti substitution hour angle T calculating:Obtain hour angle Ti; Relational expression by hour angle Ti substitution shadow length and longitude and latitude:
Obtain
Step 4), by what calculateWith the li measuring, the Mathematical Modeling that substitution is set upObtain correspondingBy can be calculated when ω=109.8 ° andTime, requiredValue is minimum.
18.5 ° of 109.8 ° of east longitudes and the north latitude longitude and latitude of Sanya, Hainan just, required result is with true.
By reference to the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention is described although above-mentioned; but not limiting the scope of the invention; on the basis of technical scheme of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay various amendments that creative work can make or distortion still in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a method of utilizing shadow location, is characterized in that, comprises following concrete steps:
Step 1), the shadow long data of acquisition time data and known altitude object, obtain time dataX1, x2 ..., the long sequence l1 of xn and shadow, l2 ..., ln;
Step 2), calculate declination angle δ;
Step 3), set up shadow long with longitude ω and latitudeRelation;
Step 4), determine longitude and latitude.
2. a kind of method of utilizing shadow location according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described inStep 1) in the method for acquisition time data and shadow long data be that often segment record is current at regular intervalsMoment, and measure the length of the shadow of known altitude object this moment.
3. a kind of method of utilizing shadow location according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described inStep 2) in the concrete derivation of declination angle δ be:
Step 21), according to observation the date day of year N calculate a day angle θ:
Step 22), calculate declination angle δ according to day angle θ:
δ＝0.3723+23.2567sinθ+0.1149sin2θ-0.1712sin3θ-0.578cosθ+0.3656cos2θ+0.0201cos3θ。
4. a kind of method of utilizing shadow location according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described inStep 3) in the concrete process of establishing of shadow length and longitude and latitude relation comprise:
Step 31), determine hour angle T according to time t:
Step 311), the hourage that records moment x is constant, as the integer part of t;
Step 312),
Step 313), try to achieve t value, by the substitution of t valueTry to achieve TValue, the central meridian that λ is certain time zone, x is the corresponding time of this time zone;
Step 32), according to hour angle T, declination angle δ, longitude ω and latitudeSet up sun altitude hRelational expression:
Step 33), set up the relational expression of the long and longitude and latitude of shadow:
L is the actual height of objectDegree.
5. a kind of method of utilizing shadow location according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described inStep 31) described in time x adopt twenty four hours system.
6. a kind of method of utilizing shadow location according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described inStep 4) determine that the detailed process of longitude and latitude comprises:
Step 41), by the time series t1 calculating, t2 ..., the long formula of tn substitution shadowCalculate corresponding shadow length:
Step 42), set up error mathematic model
Step 43), by by step 33) the shadow length that calculates of the long formula of shadow With the long sequence l1 of the shadow measuring, l2 ..., ln substitution step 42) and instituteIn the error mathematic model of setting up, obtain corresponding error sequenceMakeValue reach minimum parameterBe immediate longitude and latitude.
7. a kind of method of utilizing shadow location according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described inLongitude ω and latitudeEvaluation technique be according to least square method.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106895837A (en) * | 2017-01-04 | 2017-06-27 | 重庆三峡学院 | A kind of sun shadow alignment system and its localization method |
| CN107063267A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-08-18 | 浙江大学城市学院 | A kind of quickly localization method based on sun shadow information |
| CN109813300A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-05-28 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | A kind of localization method and terminal device |
| CN109827567A (en) * | 2019-04-03 | 2019-05-31 | 湖南理工学院 | A kind of sunlight is at video display frequency shooting location localization method |
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Cited By (5)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106895837A (en) * | 2017-01-04 | 2017-06-27 | 重庆三峡学院 | A kind of sun shadow alignment system and its localization method |
| CN106895837B (en) * | 2017-01-04 | 2020-04-21 | 重庆三峡学院 | Sun shadow positioning system and positioning method thereof |
| CN107063267A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-08-18 | 浙江大学城市学院 | A kind of quickly localization method based on sun shadow information |
| CN109813300A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-05-28 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | A kind of localization method and terminal device |
| CN109827567A (en) * | 2019-04-03 | 2019-05-31 | 湖南理工学院 | A kind of sunlight is at video display frequency shooting location localization method |
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