CN105277513B - Surface plasma resonance refractive index sensor based on optical fiber micro-ring - Google Patents
Surface plasma resonance refractive index sensor based on optical fiber micro-ring Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a surface plasma resonance refractive index sensor based on an optical fiber micro-ring, which is characterized by comprising a broadband light source, an optical isolator, a polarization controller, a 3-port circulator, a sensing area and a spectrometer; the sensing area is formed by manufacturing an air ring in a cladding of a careful optical fiber, plating a gold film on the outer side wall of the air ring, and plating a gold film on the end face of the optical fiber to form a reflective sensor; the sensing area is sequentially provided with a fiber core, a residual cladding layer close to the fiber core, an air layer, a metal layer and an outer cladding layer from inside to outside; since the surface plasmon resonance effect caused by the surface of the metal film is extremely easy to be influenced by the surrounding medium environment, substances with different refractive indexes are injected into the air ring, the positions of formants change, and the refractive index of the substances can be measured by monitoring the position change of the formants. The invention has the advantages of practicality, strong external interference resistance and high sensitivity, and in addition, the reflection type sensor can doubly enhance the resonance effect and is easy to monitor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, and particularly relates to a surface plasmon resonance (Surface Plasmon Resonance, SPR) refractive index sensor based on an optical fiber micro-ring.
Background
Surface plasmon resonance (Surface Plasmon Resonance, simply SPR) is an optical physical phenomenon. When P-type polarized polychromatic light emitted by a light source enters an photophobic medium from an optically dense medium at a certain incident angle to generate total reflection, a small part of the incident light penetrates into a gold film to a certain depth and decays exponentially, and the part of the light is called evanescent wave. Evanescent wave excitation is limited to free electrons on the surface of a metal, and electromagnetic waves attenuated in the Z direction, called surface plasmon waves (Surface plasma wave, SPW), are formed at the interface of a metal film and an environmental medium. When the component of the evanescent wave parallel to the metal/dielectric interface is completely matched with the wave vector of the surface plasma wave, the two electromagnetic wave modes are strongly coupled to generate an SPR effect, and part of the energy of the incident light is absorbed by the SPW, so that the energy of the transmitted light of the wave band is rapidly reduced to generate an SPR formant.
In 1968, a surface plasmon resonance model based on an optical prism was proposed for the first time, and the SPR effect was observed. The surface plasma excitation of the optical frequency band is realized in the experiment by adopting an attenuated total reflection (Attenuated Total Reflection, abbreviated as ATR) method. In 1993, jorgenson et al successfully developed fiber SPR sensors, and fiber-supported SPR sensors received attention. Compared with a prism SPR sensor, the prism SPR sensor has the advantages of high sensitivity, good integration, small volume, strong electromagnetic interference resistance, easy realization of long-distance online real-time observation and the like, and has wide application prospect in the related fields of food safety monitoring, chemical molecular detection, drug analysis, environmental monitoring and the like.
In a surface plasmon resonance sensor based on an optical fiber, a cladding of the optical fiber is corroded, a layer of metal film is plated outside a fiber core of the optical fiber, or the optical fiber is drawn into a very thin cone and then is plated outside the cone, so that evanescent waves in the optical fiber interact with the metal film to generate SPR resonance. The sensor based on the corrosion and tapering technology is easy to break in actual measurement and use, and resource waste is caused; in addition, in the case of the optical fiber, the SPR sensors proposed so far are mostly transmissive. The surface plasma resonance refractive index sensor based on the optical fiber micro-ring is characterized in that an air ring is manufactured in a carefully optical fiber cladding, then a layer of gold film is plated on the outer side wall of the air ring, in addition, a layer of gold film is plated on the end face of a sensing head to form a reflective sensor, the sensing head is only required to be inserted into a substance to be detected, the substance to be detected can be automatically filled in the air ring of the cladding, sensing measurement of liquid and gas materials is carried out, real-time monitoring is convenient to achieve, and the sensing head has no cone area and is firm and durable.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a surface plasmon resonance refractive index sensor based on an optical fiber micro-ring. The device can convert the change of the refractive index of the substance into the change of the resonance wavelength. Has the characteristics of simple structure, easy operation, high sensitivity, strong practicability and the like.
The invention adopts the technical scheme for solving the technical problems:
the surface plasma resonance refractive index sensor based on the optical fiber micro-ring comprises a broadband light source, an optical isolator, a polarization controller, a 3-port circulator, a sensing area and a spectrometer, and is characterized in that: the output end of the broadband light source is connected with an optical isolator, the output end of the optical isolator is connected with a polarization controller, the output end of the polarization controller is connected with one end of a 3-port circulator, and the other two ends of the 3-port circulator are respectively connected with a sensing area and a spectrometer; the sensing area is formed by manufacturing an air ring in a cladding of a careful optical fiber, plating a gold film on the outer side wall of the air ring, and plating a gold film on the end face of the optical fiber to form a reflective sensor; the sensing area sequentially comprises a fiber core, a residual cladding layer, an air layer, a metal layer and an outer cladding layer from inside to outside, wherein the radius of the fiber core is 3.5-4.0 mu m, the thickness of the residual cladding layer, which is close to the fiber core, is 10-150 nm, the thickness of an air ring is 10-50 nm, the thickness of a gold film is 30-70 nm, and the root mean square of the surface roughness is less than or equal to 5nm; p-polarized light is produced by a broadband light source, an optical isolator, and a polarization controller structure.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the surface plasma resonance refractive index sensor based on the optical fiber micro-ring is characterized in that an air ring is manufactured in a carefully-made optical fiber cladding, and then a layer of gold film is plated on the outer side wall of the air ring. The design of the special structure can effectively excite the SPR effect, only the sensing head is required to be inserted into a substance to be detected, the substance to be detected can be automatically filled in an air ring of a cladding, the refractive index of the substance is changed to cause the refractive index of the air ring to be changed, the SPR spectrum is changed, the SPR effect is doubly enhanced by passing light through the interface between a gold film and the substance twice due to the reflective sensor, and the refractive index can be measured by detecting the position change of resonance wavelength in a certain wavelength range; in addition, the structure of the sensor has no cone area, and the sensor head is firm and durable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a surface plasmon resonance refractive index sensor based on an optical fiber micro-ring according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a sensing region of a fiber-based microring surface plasmon resonance refractive index sensor of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a chart of SPR spectra of the present invention when measuring substances of different refractive indices.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a refractive index sensor based on surface plasmon resonance of an optical fiber micro-ring includes: the device comprises a broadband light source (1), an optical isolator (2), a polarization controller (3), a 3-port circulator (4), a sensing area (5) and a spectrometer (6); the output end of the broadband light source (1) is connected with the optical isolator (2), the output end of the optical isolator (2) is connected with the polarization controller (3), the output end of the polarization controller (3) is connected with the A port of the 3-port circulator (4), and the B, C port of the 3-port circulator (4) is respectively connected with the sensing area (5) and the spectrometer (6); the sensing area (5) is formed by manufacturing an air ring in a carefully-made optical fiber cladding, and then plating a layer of gold film on the outer side wall of the air ring, and in addition, plating a layer of gold film (f) on the end face of the optical fiber to form a reflective sensor; the sensing area (5) is sequentially provided with a fiber core (a), a residual cladding layer (b) close to the fiber core, an air layer (c), a metal layer (d) and an outer cladding layer (e) from inside to outside, wherein the radius of the fiber core is 3.5-4.0 mu m, the thickness of the residual cladding layer close to the fiber core is 10-150 nm, the thickness of an air ring is 10-50 nm, the thickness of a gold film is 30-70 nm, and the root mean square of the surface roughness is less than or equal to 5nm; the P polarized light is generated by a laser light source (1), an optical isolator (2) and a polarization controller (3) structure.
The working mode of the invention is as follows: the broadband light source (1) generates signal light, the signal light is input into the optical isolator (2) through a single-mode transmission optical fiber, an optical signal output by the optical isolator (2) is controlled to be output through the polarization controller (3), the P polarized light is input through an A port of the 3-port optical circulator (4), a B port of the P polarized light is output to the sensing area (5), the sensing area (5) is coupled into an air ring for transmission in the form of evanescent waves due to the reduction of the thickness of an external cladding, the evanescent waves and metal surface plasma waves in the air ring generate SPR effects at a gold-plated film interface on the outer side wall of the ring, and the SPR effects are multiplied when the light propagates to a gold-plated film (f) on the end face and passes through the gold-plated film interface again. The sensing region (5) consisting of the fiber core (a), the residual cladding (b) close to the fiber core, the air layer (c), the metal layer (d) and the external cladding (e) is very sensitive to the change of the refractive index in the air layer, and as substances with different refractive indexes are introduced into the air ring, the resonance wavelength generating the SPR effect is changed and is output by the spectrometer (6), and the measurement of the refractive index of the substances with high sensitivity can be realized by detecting the drift amount of the resonance wavelength.
The key technology for realizing refractive index measurement of the surface plasmon resonance sensor based on the optical fiber micro-ring by the device comprises the following steps:
optical fiber sensing area structure: an air ring is manufactured in the cladding of the careful optical fiber, and a sensing area structure formed by plating a layer of gold film on the outer side wall of the air ring is the basis for realizing refractive index sensing. Sensor parameters: the radius of the fiber core is 3.5-4.0 um; the thickness of the residual cladding of the fiber core is controlled between 50nm and 200 nm; the thickness of the air ring is controlled between 10nm and 50 nm; the thickness of the gold film is strictly controlled to be between 30nm and 70nm, and the root mean square of the roughness of the surface of the gold film is less than or equal to 5nm.
In a specific embodiment of the invention, a finite element analysis software method is used for carrying out theoretical numerical study on the sensing characteristics of the sensor, and the influence rule of each structural parameter of the optical fiber on the sensor characteristics is studied. In the measurement wavelength range of 400-1400 nm, each parameter: the radius of the fiber core is 3.5um, the thickness of the air ring is 50nm, the thickness of the gold film is 50nm, and the curve of the SPR resonance wavelength changing along with the refractive index of the substance to be detected is shown in figure 3. It can be seen that when the refractive index is 1.0, SPR resonance occurs near 800nm, and the resonance wavelength shifts in the short-wave direction as the refractive index of the substance to be measured increases. The sensitivity of the sensor can reach 2000nm/RIU near the refractive index of 1.0.
Only as described above and shown in the figures is a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Variations and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention, which is also considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (1)
1. The surface plasma resonance refractive index sensor based on the optical fiber micro-ring comprises a broadband light source, an optical isolator, a polarization controller, a 3-port circulator, a sensing area and a spectrometer, and is characterized in that:
the output end of the broadband light source is connected with an optical isolator, the output end of the optical isolator is connected with a polarization controller, the output end of the polarization controller is connected with one end of a 3-port circulator, and the other two ends of the 3-port circulator are respectively connected with a sensing area and a spectrometer; the sensing area is formed by manufacturing an air ring in a cladding of the fine core optical fiber, plating a gold film on the outer side wall of the air ring, and plating a gold film on the end face of the optical fiber to form a reflective sensor; the sensing area sequentially comprises a fiber core, a residual cladding layer, an air layer, a metal layer and an outer cladding layer from inside to outside, wherein the radius of the fiber core is 3.5-4.0 mu m, the thickness of the residual cladding layer, which is close to the fiber core, is 10-150 nm, the thickness of an air ring is 10-50 nm, the thickness of a gold film is 30-70 nm, and the root mean square of the surface roughness is less than or equal to 5nm; p polarized light is generated by a broadband light source, an optical isolator, and a polarization controller structure;
the sensor is based on the following principle: the broadband light source generates signal light, the signal light is input to the optical isolator through a single-mode transmission optical fiber, an optical signal output by the optical isolator is controlled to be output through the polarization controller to become P polarized light, the P polarized light is input through an A port and a B port of the 3-port circulator, the B port is output to a sensing area, the sensing area is used for transmitting partial energy of a fiber core mould in an air ring in a mode of evanescent wave due to the reduction of the thickness of an external cladding, the evanescent wave in the air ring and a metal surface plasma wave generate an SPR effect at an interface of a gold-plated film on the outer side wall of the ring, and the light is reflected when the light is transmitted to the gold-plated film on the end face, and the SPR effect is multiplied when the light passes through the gold-plated film interface again; the sensing area consisting of the fiber core, the residual cladding close to the fiber core, the air layer, the metal layer and the external cladding is sensitive to the change of the refractive index in the air layer, the resonance wavelength generating the SPR effect is changed along with the introduction of substances with different refractive indexes into the air ring and is output by the spectrometer, and the refractive index of the substances is measured by detecting the drift amount of the resonance wavelength.
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| CN105759345A (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2016-07-13 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | SPP optical fiber based on gold nanotubes and preparation method |
| CN105973841B (en) * | 2016-04-28 | 2019-01-18 | 北京邮电大学 | The index sensor of two-dimensional columns array photonic crystal and single mode optical fiber integrated morphology |
| CN107238582A (en) * | 2017-05-02 | 2017-10-10 | 太原理工大学 | A kind of material refractive index remote measuring unit and its measuring method |
| CN109142781B (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2023-07-21 | 辽宁省计量科学研究院 | Wind speed measuring device and method based on surface plasma resonance |
| CN114965379B (en) * | 2022-05-16 | 2024-05-03 | 桂林电子科技大学 | Indoor environment automatic monitoring and regulating system based on SPR |
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