CN105052101A - Channel estimating and equalizing method and apparatus for ultrasonic communication - Google Patents

Channel estimating and equalizing method and apparatus for ultrasonic communication Download PDF

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CN105052101A
CN105052101A CN201380073758.1A CN201380073758A CN105052101A CN 105052101 A CN105052101 A CN 105052101A CN 201380073758 A CN201380073758 A CN 201380073758A CN 105052101 A CN105052101 A CN 105052101A
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coefficient
channel
linear equalizer
channel response
variable quantity
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孟剑强
刘明刚
张江红
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/005—Control of transmission; Equalising
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B11/00—Transmission systems employing sonic, ultrasonic or infrasonic waves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
    • H04L25/03006—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference
    • H04L25/03012—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference operating in the time domain
    • H04L25/03019—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference operating in the time domain adaptive, i.e. capable of adjustment during data reception

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)

Abstract

Disclosed is a channel estimating and equalizing method for ultrasonic communication, comprising: in response to reception of an ultrasonic signal, estimating a channel response; equalizing the ultrasonic signal based on the estimated channel response by using a linear equalizer; and adjusting a coefficient of the linear equalizer according to a change of the channel response. Further disclosed is a corresponding channel estimating and equalizing apparatus for ultrasonic communication.

Description

Channel estimating and equalizing method and apparatus for ultrasonic communication
Channel estimation and equalization methods and engineering device technique field for ultrasonic communication
The present invention relates to channel estimation and balancing technique, in particular it relates to channel estimation and equalization methods and device background technology for ultrasonic communication
In the case where being communicated using ultrasonic signal, when being transmitted in space due to ultrasonic signal, when especially being transmitted in confined space, there is larger multipath superposition or interference, signal intensity is larger.Therefore, in order to improve the accuracy of decoding, reduction intersymbol interference, multipath effect etc., it is necessary to ultrasonic wave channel is estimated and equilibrium.
Extensive research has been carried out in channel estimation and balancing technique in wireless communications, it is proposed that for example based on lowest mean square（LMS channel estimation technique), based on least square method（LS channel estimation technique), based on recurrent least square method（RLS channel estimation technique), the channel estimation technique based on Maximum likelihood sequence detection (MLSE), balancing technique based on maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) etc..However, the channel estimation and the complexity of balancing technique that use in wireless communications are higher, amount of calculation is very big.
In addition, in existing signal equalization technology, it is constant in a frame to usually assume that the channel response obtained by channel estimation, but actually channel response is changed over time, therefore, existing signal equalization technology can not track the change of channel.The content of the invention
The present invention exactly in view of above-mentioned technical problem and propose, its object is to provide a kind of channel estimation and equalization methods and device for ultrasonic communication, it can reduce multipath effect and intersymbol interference of the ultrasonic signal in transmitting procedure, amount of calculation is substantially reduced, and tracks the change of channel.
According to an aspect of the present invention there is provided a kind of channel estimation and equalization methods for ultrasonic communication, it includes：In response to received ultrasonic signal, channel response is estimated；Based on estimated channel response, the ultrasonic signal is carried out using linear equalizer balanced；And according to the channel The change of response, adjusts the coefficient of the linear equalizer.
According to another aspect of the present invention there is provided a kind of channel estimation and balancer for ultrasonic communication, it includes：Channel estimator, it is configured to respond to received ultrasonic signal, estimates channel response；Linear equalizer, it is configured as based on estimated channel response, the ultrasonic signal is carried out balanced；And adjuster, it is configured as the change according to the channel response, adjusts the coefficient of the linear equalizer.Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the indicative flowchart of the channel estimation according to an embodiment of the invention for ultrasonic communication and equalization methods；
Fig. 2 is the indicative flowchart of an example of the coefficient of the adjustment linear equalizer in the method for illustrate the embodiment shown in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the indicative flowchart of another example of the coefficient of the adjustment linear equalizer in the method for illustrate the embodiment shown in Fig. 1；
Fig. 4 is the schematic block diagram of the channel estimation according to an embodiment of the invention for ultrasonic communication and balancer.Embodiment
Believe by the way that below in conjunction with detailed description of the accompanying drawing to the embodiment of the present invention, above and other objects of the present invention, feature and advantage will be apparent from.
Fig. 1 shows the indicative flowchart of the channel estimation according to an embodiment of the invention for ultrasonic communication and equalization methods.Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present embodiment is described in detail.
As shown in figure 1, Bu Sudden S110, in response to received ultrasonic signal, estimate the channel response of ultrasonic wave channel.In the present embodiment, the frequency in the range of 20KHz to 22KHz can be used in ultrasonic signal, and can use the form of frame.Each frame of ultrasonic signal may include header and data division.Header uses pseudo noise code (PN) sequence, for example, using the PN code sequences that code length is 31.Then, ultrasonic signal is carried out frequency modulation(PFM) to launch.For example, frequency used in frequency modulation(PFM) can be 20.5KHZ and 21.5KHz respectively., can be by suitable after it have received ultrasonic signal When processing, including channel compensation, extract frequency-region signal, signal filtering and normalization, synchronization process etc., obtain the synchronous frequency-region signal of ultrasonic signal.According to the synchronous frequency-region signal obtained, channel estimation is carried out to ultrasonic wave channel.
It is possible, firstly, to use the synchronous frequency-region signal of ultrasonic signal（For convenience of explanation, hereinafter referred to as " ultrasonic signal "）, calculate the initial channel response of ultrasonic wave channel.In one example, existing channel estimation methods can be used to calculate initial channel response.For example, the initial channel response of ultrasonic wave channel may be expressed as h=/, hhHc-i ^ initial channel responses h length is C, and each coefficient is calculated as K=E { ynrn_k }l E{rnrn), wherein k=0,1,, C-1, rnExpression value is the PN code sequences of { -1,1 }, ynRepresent that the ultrasonic signal received in moment n carries out FFT in two tranmitting frequencies（FFT the difference of the amplitude) obtained afterwards, EW represents average.Then, the initial channel response calculated is carried out being based on lowest mean square（LMS ART network), to obtain the channel response of ultrasonic wave channel.Specifically, in the ART network based on LMS, estimated using the PN code sequence pair initial channel responses h in the header of each frame of ultrasonic signal in time domain, obtain the channel response carved at the beginning of the data division of the frame.In the above-mentioned ART network based on LMS, step-length could be arranged to 0.005.
After the channel response of ultrasonic wave channel is obtained, in step S120, based on estimated channel response, ultrasonic signal is carried out using linear equalizer balanced.In the present embodiment, linear equalizer can be based on least mean-square error（MMSE adaptive equalization) is carried out to signal.In one example, it is assumed that the length of linear equalizer for /=/1 + /2 +1, wherein, A ,/2To filter length and backward filter length before representing respectively, then linear equalizer is output as=(yn-+), wherein c represent the coefficient vector in the linear equalizer at n moment, represent channel response matrix, are made up of channel response/z, represent prior information vector, and s represents constant coefficient vector.
Because the coefficient vector ^ of linear equalizer needs to be calculated in each sampling instant, and the channel response of ultrasonic wave channel is changed over time, therefore, in order to reduce amount of calculation, the coefficient vector of linear equalizer can be adjusted according to the change of channel response.With reference to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the method for adjustment of the coefficient of linear equalizer is illustrated.
Fig. 2 shows the indicative flowchart of an example of the adjustment of the coefficient of explanation linear equalizer.As shown in Fig. 2 Bu Sudden S210, according to the channel response in current sample time, calculate line Coefficient of the property balanced device in current sample time.In one example, current sample time is arranged to carve n at the beginning of the data division of the frame of ultrasonic signal1 (>So, by above-mentioned step S110, channel response/^ of current sample time is obtained.Then, using the adaptive equilibrium method of above-mentioned signal, the coefficient vector c in current sample time of linear equalizer can be obtained.Then, in step S220, the variable quantity of the channel response and the channel response of subsequent sampling instant of current sample time is calculated.The variable quantity of channel response can reflect the change of channel.In the above example, subsequent sampling instant is next moment of current sample time（ m+i ).Equally, by above-mentioned steps siio, it can obtain at the moment（I+1) channel response/in one example, the absolute value of the change of channel response.Certainly, for the person of ordinary skill of the art, can be readily apparent that the variable quantity of channel response can also use other definition.Then, Bu Sudden S230, compare the variable quantity calculated in step S220 and predetermined channel variation threshold value.If the comparison indicate that variable quantity is more than channel variation threshold value, then in step S240, utilize the adaptive equilibrium method of above-mentioned signal, coefficient of the linear equalizer in subsequent sampling instant is calculated, and the channel response of subsequent sampling instant is set to the channel response of current sample time.In the above example, now, current sample time becomes
(m+i), and the channel response of current sample time be changed into/, the coefficient vector of linear equalizer is changed intoc„+1.If step S230 comparative result shows that variable quantity is less than channel variation threshold value, in step S250, linear equalizer is maintained in the coefficient of current sample time.In the above example, the coefficient vector of linear equalizer keeps constant.Then, for current sample time（+ 1) next sampling instant（+ 2) above-mentioned variable quantity calculation procedure S220 and comparison step S230, is repeated, until a frame end of ultrasonic signal.
Fig. 3 shows the schematic figure of another example of the adjustment of the coefficient of explanation linear equalizer.In the present example, step S310 to S340 is identical with the step S210 to S240 in Fig. 2, and difference is the processing when variable quantity is less than channel variation threshold value.
In the present example, if variable quantity is less than channel variation threshold value, in step S350, using based on lowest mean square（LMS ART network) updates coefficient of the linear equalizer in current sample time, to track the slight change of channel.In the LMS ART networks, step-length is arranged to 0.005.Then, in step S360, according to the coefficient of the renewal of linear equalizer, it is determined that for being Number ^ first threshold.It is inherent specific due to linear equalizer, when exist in its coefficient vector it is more close to zero coefficient when, larger noise can be brought to output, accordingly, it would be desirable to carry out ZF to some coefficients.First threshold can be determined according to the relative size of the coefficient of linear equalizer.In one embodiment, first threshold can be confirmed as the 0.1 of the absolute value of the maximum in the coefficient of the renewal of linear equalizer.For the person of ordinary skill of the art, can be readily apparent that can define first threshold with other manner.Then, in step S370, each coefficient and first threshold of the renewal of linear equalizer are compared.In one example, the absolute value of each coefficient and first threshold can be compared.Then, in step S380, the coefficient that such as absolute value is less than to the renewal of the linear equalizer of first threshold is set to zero.Further, it is also possible to according to the ratio of the number of zero setting coefficient and the number of all coefficients, adjust the step-length of the LMS estimations used when updating the coefficient of linear equalizer.When zero setting coefficient is more, step-length is adjusted bigger.
By above description it can be seen that, the method of the present embodiment can adaptively carry out channel estimation and equilibrium, caused multipath effect and intersymbol interference when reduction ultrasonic signal is transmitted in space, and the coefficient of linear equalizer can be adjusted according to the change of channel, so as to rapidly track the change of channel so that channel estimation and the balanced change that can adapt to channel.In addition, the method for the present embodiment has the advantages that amount of calculation is small.
Under same inventive concept, Fig. 4 shows the schematic block diagram of the channel estimation according to an embodiment of the invention for ultrasonic communication and balancer 400.Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present embodiment is described in detail, wherein, for preceding embodiment identical part, it is appropriate that the description thereof will be omitted.
As shown in figure 4, the channel estimation and balancer 400 of the present embodiment include：Channel estimator 401, it is configured to respond to received ultrasonic signal, estimates the channel response of ultrasonic wave channel；Linear equalizer 402, it is configured as based on estimated channel response, ultrasonic signal is carried out balanced;And adjuster 403, it is configured as the change according to channel response, adjusts the coefficient of linear equalizer 402.
The ultrasonic signal received obtains the synchronous frequency-region signal of ultrasonic signal after appropriate processing, and is provided to the device 400 of the present embodiment.In device 400, channel estimator 401 is according to the synchronous frequency-region signal of ultrasonic signal（Hereinafter referred to as " ultrasonic signal "：）To ultrasonic wave Channel carries out channel estimation, to obtain the channel response of ultrasonic wave channel.In one example, the channel response computing module 4011 in channel estimator 401 uses ultrasonic signal, calculates the initial channel response of ultrasonic wave channel.As it was previously stated, existing channel estimation methods estimation channel response can be used in channel response computing module 4011.Then, the initial channel response that 4012 pairs of ART network module is obtained carries out the ART network based on lowest mean square, to obtain the channel response of ultrasonic wave channel.
Then, channel response is provided to linear equalizer 402, balanced to be carried out to ultrasonic signal.The coefficient of linear equalizer 402 can be adjusted by adjuster 403 according to the change of channel response.In one example, existing adaptive equilibrium method can be used to carry out equilibrium to ultrasonic signal for linear equalizer 402.
In adjuster 403, coefficients calculation block 4031 calculates coefficient of the linear equalizer 402 in current sample time according to the channel response of the current sample time obtained by channel estimator 401.Then, variable quantity computing module 4032 can calculate the variable quantity of the channel response and the channel response of subsequent sampling instant of current sample time.The channel response of subsequent sampling instant is obtained by channel estimator 401.In one example, the variable quantity of channel response is defined as the channel response and the absolute value of the difference of the channel response of subsequent sampling instant of current sample time.Then, the variable quantity calculated is compared by the first comparison module 4033 with predetermined channel variation threshold value.If variable quantity is more than channel variation threshold value, coefficients calculation block 4031 according to the channel response of the subsequent sampling instant obtained, calculate linear equalizer 402 sampling instant coefficient.In addition, the channel response of ^ sampling instant is arranged to the channel response of current sample time.If variable quantity is less than channel variation threshold value, coefficients calculation block 4031 maintains linear equalizer 402 in the coefficient of current sample time.In each sampling instant, the operation of the comparison module 4033 of variable quantity computing module 4032 and first can be repeatedly executed, until a frame end of ultrasonic signal.
In another example, adjuster 403 can also include coefficient updating module 4034, threshold determination module 4035, the second comparison module 4036 and zero setting module 4037.Coefficient updating module 4034 can update coefficient of the linear equalizer 402 in current sample time using the ART network based on lowest mean square when the variable quantity obtained by variable quantity computing module 4033 is less than channel variation threshold value.Then, threshold determination module 4035 is according to the coefficient of the renewal of linear equalizer 402, it is determined that for the first threshold to coefficient ZF.In one embodiment, first threshold can be confirmed as linear equal The 0.1 of the absolute value of maximum in the coefficient of the renewal of weighing apparatus 402.Then, each coefficient of the renewal of linear equalizer 402 is compared by the second comparison module 4036 with first threshold, and the coefficient less than the renewal of the linear equalizer 402 of first threshold is set into zero by zero setting module 4037.In one embodiment, the absolute value of each coefficient of linear equalizer 402 and first threshold are compared by the second comparison module 4036, and the coefficient by zero setting module 4037 by absolute value less than the linear equalizer 402 of first threshold is set to zero.
It should be pointed out that the channel estimation and balancer 400 for ultrasonic communication of the present embodiment can operationally realize the channel estimation and equalization methods for ultrasonic communication of the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 3.
In addition, the channel estimation and balancer 400 for ultrasonic communication of above-described embodiment may include in the terminal, to carry out channel estimation and equilibrium to the ultrasonic signal being blended in audio signal.
The method of embodiments disclosed above can be realized in the combination of software, hardware or software and hardware.Hardware components can be realized using special logic.For example, the device and its each part of offer enhancing voice data stream in above-described embodiment can be realized by the hardware circuit of the programmable hardware device of the semiconductor or field programmable gate array, programmable logic device of super large-scale integration OR gate array, logic chip, transistor etc. etc., it can also use and be realized by the software of various types of computing devices, can also being implemented in combination with by above-mentioned hardware circuit and software.Software section can be stored in memory, by appropriate instruction execution system, and such as microprocessor, personal computer (PC) or large scale computer are performed.
Although the channel estimation and equalization methods and device for ultrasonic communication of the present invention is described in detail by exemplary embodiment above, but the above embodiment is not exhaustive, those skilled in the art can realize variations and modifications within the spirit and scope of the present invention.Therefore, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, and the scope of the present invention is defined only by the following claims.

Claims (1)

  1. Claim
    1. a kind of channel estimation and equalization methods for ultrasonic communication, including：
    In response to received ultrasonic signal, the channel response of ultrasonic wave channel is estimated；And
    Based on estimated channel response, the ultrasonic signal is carried out using linear equalizer balanced;Wherein, the coefficient of the linear equalizer is adjusted according to the change of the channel response.
    2. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, the coefficient of the linear equalizer adjusted according to the change of the channel response including：
    According to the channel response in current sample time, coefficient of the linear equalizer in the current sample time is calculated；
    Calculate the variable quantity of the channel response and the channel response of subsequent sampling instant of the current sample time；
    Compare the variable quantity and predetermined channel variation threshold value；
    If the variable quantity is more than the channel variation threshold value, coefficient of the linear equalizer in the subsequent sampling instant is calculated, it is described!The channel response of ^ sampling instant turns into the channel response of the current sample time；
    If the variable quantity is less than the channel variation threshold value, the linear equalizer is maintained in the coefficient of the current sample time；And
    Repeat above-mentioned variable quantity calculation procedure and comparison step.
    3. method according to claim 2, wherein, according to the change of the channel response, adjust also includes the coefficient of the linear equalizer：
    If the variable quantity is less than the channel variation threshold value, use the ART network based on lowest mean square to update coefficient of the linear equalizer in the current sample time；
    According to the coefficient of the renewal of the linear equalizer, it is determined that for the first threshold to coefficient；Compare each coefficient and the first threshold of the renewal of the linear equalizer；And
    Coefficient less than the renewal of the linear equalizer of the first threshold is set to zero.
    4. method according to claim 3, wherein, the first threshold is confirmed as the 0.1 of the absolute value of the maximum in the coefficient of the renewal of the linear equalizer;
    Compare each coefficient of the renewal of the linear equalizer includes with the first threshold：Compare institute State the absolute value and the first threshold of each coefficient.
    5. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, the channel response of ultrasonic wave channel is estimated in response to received ultrasonic signal to be included：
    Using the ultrasonic signal, the initial channel response of the ultrasonic wave channel is calculated；And the ART network based on lowest mean square is carried out to the initial channel response, to obtain the channel response.
    6. a kind of channel estimation and balancer for ultrasonic communication, including：
    Channel estimator, it is configured to respond to received ultrasonic signal, estimates the channel response of ultrasonic wave channel；
    Linear equalizer, it is configured as based on estimated channel response, the ultrasonic signal is carried out balanced；And
    Adjuster, it is configured as the change according to the channel response, adjusts the coefficient of the linear equalizer.
    7. device according to claim 6, wherein, the adjuster includes：
    Coefficients calculation block, it is configured as according to the channel response in current sample time, calculates coefficient of the linear equalizer in the current sample time；
    Variable quantity computing module, it is configured as calculating the variable quantity of the channel response and the channel response of subsequent sampling instant of the current sample time；
    First comparison module, it is configured as variable quantity described in comparison and predetermined channel variation threshold value；Wherein, if the coefficients calculation block is additionally configured to the variable quantity more than the channel variation threshold value, then calculate coefficient of the linear equalizer in the subsequent sampling instant, the channel response of the subsequent sampling instant turns into the channel response of the current sample time, and if the variable quantity is less than the channel variation threshold value, then the linear equalizer is maintained in the coefficient of the current sample time；
    The operation of the variable quantity computing module and first comparison module is repeatedly executed.
    8. device according to claim 6, wherein, the whole device of cicada also includes：
    Coefficient updating module, if it is configured as the variable quantity less than the channel variation threshold value, uses the ART network based on lowest mean square to update the linear equalizer in the present sample The coefficient at moment；
    Threshold determination module, it is configured as the coefficient of the renewal according to the linear equalizer, it is determined that for the first threshold to coefficient；
    Second comparison module, it is configured as each coefficient and the first threshold of the renewal of linear equalizer described in comparison；And
    Zero setting module, it is configured as the coefficient less than the renewal of the linear equalizer of the first threshold being set to zero.
    9. device according to claim 8, wherein, the threshold determination module is configured to be defined as the first threshold by the 0.1 of the absolute value of the maximum in the coefficient of the renewal of the linear equalizer；
    Second comparison module is configured to the absolute value and the first threshold of each coefficient described in comparison.
    10. device according to claim 6, wherein, the channel estimator includes：Channel response computing module, it is configured with the ultrasonic signal, calculates the initial channel response of the ultrasonic wave channel；And
    ART network module, it is configured as carrying out the ART network based on lowest mean square to the initial channel response, to obtain the channel response.
CN201380073758.1A 2013-03-27 2013-03-27 Channel estimating and equalizing method and apparatus for ultrasonic communication Pending CN105052101A (en)

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