CN104977897A - Numerical control machine tool space error compensation device - Google Patents
Numerical control machine tool space error compensation device Download PDFInfo
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- CN104977897A CN104977897A CN201410135053.4A CN201410135053A CN104977897A CN 104977897 A CN104977897 A CN 104977897A CN 201410135053 A CN201410135053 A CN 201410135053A CN 104977897 A CN104977897 A CN 104977897A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/404—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by control arrangements for compensation, e.g. for backlash, overshoot, tool offset, tool wear, temperature, machine construction errors, load, inertia
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a numerical control machine tool space error compensation device. A software-based numerical control machine tool space error compensator comprises a personal computer, a single-chip microcomputer module and a numerical control interface module. The personal computer receives the temperate and displacement measurement signals via a serial port and finishes the volume error modeling work, after being placed in a volume error model, the single-chip microcomputer module real-timely predicts a volume error of a machine tool according to a temperature measurement signal of a key heat source and the position coordinate of the machine tool and sends an error compensation value to a machine tool numerical control system via the numerical control interface module, thereby controlling a machine tool cutter to move by a PMC ladder diagram program, and realizing a compensation function of the volume error. The numerical control machine tool space error compensation device of the present invention realizes the compensation operation mainly by the numerical control interface design and the single-chip microcomputer hardware development, has the smaller influence on an original numerical control system and a processing program, and is convenient to use and easy to popularize.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Precision Machining or Error Compensation Technology field, be specifically related to a kind of numerically-controlled machine space error compensation system, can the space error of real-Time Compensation numerically-controlled machine, improve the machining precision of numerically-controlled machine.
Background technology
Day by day improve along with to the requirement of machine finish, the impact of thermal deformation of machine tool on machining precision is increasing.In Precision Machining, the mismachining tolerance that thermal deformation of machine tool causes and Thermal Error account for about the 40-70% of total error.For reducing Thermal Error, improving machine finish and mainly containing two kinds of methods at present: error compensation method and error prevent method.Error prevents method mainly through Design and manufacture approach to reduce the thermal deformation of parts, eliminates or reduces possible thermal source.Because technical limitation application error prevents method to be difficult to thoroughly eliminate Thermal Error, and requirement on machining accuracy is higher than after a certain standard, and error prevents the cost of method from can exponentially increase.Error compensation method grasps the crucial heat source temperature of lathe to the affecting laws of Thermal Error mainly through analyzing, adding up, conclude, thus sets up Thermal Error model, and utilizes the model calculation to go to offset Thermal Error.
At present mainly still institution of higher learning are concentrated on to the research of heat error compensation technology, more influential have a University of Michigan of the U.S. J.Ni team, the Seung-Han Yang team of QingBei, Korea university, the R.Ramesh team of NUS, the Yang Jianguo team of Shanghai Communications University.Summing up their achievement in research, can obtaining as drawn a conclusion:
(1) institute's established model is mainly predicted in the positioning error etc. of each change in coordinate axis direction at the displacement error of different change in coordinate axis direction, lathe at radial thermal deformation with axis, cutter opposite piece at the thermal deformation of radial direction, machine tool chief axis at the thermal deformation of axis, machine tool chief axis machine tool chief axis, model generally can only be used for a certain specific lathe, and robustness is poor;
(2) due to the closure of digital control system, although only have a few peoples to devise error compensator, for error compensation experiment, all achieve good compensation effect, machine tool accuracy is significantly improved.
According to above-mentioned conclusion, Thermal Error models that these researchs are set up are mainly for a certain change in coordinate axis direction of lathe, or a certain error elements.What they had has carried out Accurate Prediction to machine tool chief axis at axial or radial Thermal Error, and what have has carried out Accurate Prediction to cutter opposite piece at the displacement error of a certain change in coordinate axis direction, and then implements heat error compensation, improves the machining precision of lathe.Can same modeling and compensation method be applied to more complicated lathe volumetric errors? if can, the volumetric errors of complex is measured and just can be carried out online, expensive laser surveying instrument just becomes cheap temperature sensor, and the machining precision of lathe also can be improved.Can apply heat error compensation technology realize volumetric errors on-line measurement and compensate become current problem demanding prompt solution.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to for existing volumetric errors measuring technique Problems existing, a kind of numerically-controlled machine space error compensation system is provided, can compensate by volumetric errors to numerically-controlled machine according to the temperature of Real-time Collection and error signal, improve the machining precision of numerically-controlled machine, apparatus structure is simple, measurement is convenient, real-time, is with a wide range of applications.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is achieved in the following ways: according to the coordinate position of numerically-controlled machine and the volumetric errors of crucial heat source temperature real-time estimate numerically-controlled machine, and by numerical control interface predicting the outcome Real-time Feedback to digital control system, and then the working motion of on-line tuning numerically-controlled machine, improve the machining precision of numerically-controlled machine.
Numerically-controlled machine space error compensation system of the present invention mainly comprises personal computer, one-chip computer module, numerical control interface module; Personal computer comprises based on the Modeling Calculation submodule of VC++, data sub module stored and serial ports submodule; One-chip computer module comprises temperature signal collection submodule, displacement signal acquisition submodule, A/D transform subblock, serial ports and parallel port communication submodule and some sensors; Numerical control interface module comprises PMC ladder diagram and the numerically-controlled machine interface card of digital control system.
Personal computer has installed the space error compensation software based on VC++, with the serial line interface between personal computer and compensation system.Temperature signal and error signal send into personal computer by serial ports, carry out modeling and error calculation.
One-chip computer module is made up of temperature signal collection submodule, displacement signal acquisition submodule, A/D transform subblock, serial ports and parallel port communication submodule and some sensors, is that each submodule is organically combined by core with single-chip microcomputer.The output of temperature sensor, through temperature signal collection submodule, sends into A/D transform subblock, sends into personal computer carry out calculation process through serial ports.Lathe displacement and error signal, through displacement signal acquisition submodule, A/D transform subblock, send into personal computer through serial ports and parallel port and digital control system carries out calculation process respectively.Serial ports and parallel port communication submodule mainly complete single-chip microcomputer and the information interaction between personal computer and digital control system.
Numerical control interface module comprises the PMC ladder diagram of digital control system, can realize the information interaction between digital control system and one-chip computer module by numerically-controlled machine interface card.Machine tool position signal sends into Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system through numerical control interface, and the error signal calculated by single-chip microcomputer sends into digital control system by parallel port again.
One-chip computer module is the key that the present invention realizes numerically-controlled machine volume error compensation, and one-chip computer module realizes information interaction by parallel port, digital control interface card and digital control system.One-chip computer module gathers on the one hand the position signalling of numerically-controlled machine by numerical control interface, simultaneously again by error compensation control signal as offset, compensating shaft etc. send into digital control system, be the core of whole numerically-controlled machine space error compensation system.
After offset of the present invention sends into digital control system by single-chip microcomputer parallel port, numerically-controlled machine interface card, by the control of PMC trapezoid figure program, the working motion of real-time adjustment numerically-controlled machine, do not need in the course of the work to modify to the operating instruction of digital control system itself, realize the real-Time Compensation of volumetric errors mainly through software engineerings such as numerical control interfacing, interface microcontroller technology, amendment PMC trapezoid figure programs.
Numerically-controlled machine space error compensation system of the present invention can not have an impact to original digital control system and job sequence, and hardware configuration is mainly core with single-chip microcomputer, relatively simply, is easy to install and use on numerically-controlled machine.Meanwhile, apparatus of the present invention software is open, and amendment is convenient, and cost is lower, and be this device provide guarantee in the volumetric errors measurement of numerically-controlled machine and applying of Precision Machining field for this.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Accompanying drawing 2 is Signal transmissions flow process figure of apparatus of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, technical scheme of the present invention is further described.
The structure of apparatus of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, is made up of personal computer, one-chip computer module, numerical control interface module; Personal computer comprises based on the Modeling Calculation submodule of VC++, data sub module stored and serial ports submodule; One-chip computer module comprises temperature signal collection submodule, displacement signal acquisition submodule, A/D transform subblock, serial ports and parallel port communication submodule and some sensors; Numerical control interface module comprises PMC ladder diagram and the numerically-controlled machine interface card of digital control system.
In personal computer, serial ports submodule mainly completes the information interaction function between microcontroller serial port, by serial ports submodule, personal computer is sent in temperature survey and displacement measurement, the modeling result of volumetric errors is inserted singlechip chip simultaneously; Data memory module can temporary reservoir measurement result and modeling result, and can realize data converting function; Modeling Calculation submodule is the core of personal computer, mainly completes the function such as output and storage of the modeling of volumetric errors, the real-time display of measurement result, the overproof warning of data, result of calculation.
One-chip computer module is the core of apparatus of the present invention, and wherein serial ports and parallel port communication submodule mainly complete information interaction function, comprises the data transmission of single-chip microcomputer and personal computer, the data transmission between single-chip microcomputer and digital control system; Temperature signal collection submodule mainly completes the collecting work of temperature signal, by being arranged on the temperature sensor on numerically-controlled machine, temperature signal is sent into Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system, and sends into digital control system or personal computer after the process of A/D transform subblock; Displacement signal acquisition submodule mainly completes the collecting work of volume error signal, by being arranged on the displacement transducer on numerically-controlled machine, displacement signal is sent into single-chip microcomputer, and after the process of A/D transform subblock, sends into personal computer carry out Modeling Calculation.
Numerical control interface module is the key point of apparatus of the present invention implementation space error compensation function, error compensating signal sends into numerically-controlled machine interface card by microcontroller serial port, and send into digital control system by PMC programmed control, finally realize the volume error compensation function of numerically-controlled machine.Meanwhile, digital control system controls machine tool position signal to be sent into Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system through numerically-controlled machine interface card by PMC trapezoid figure program, carries out the calculating of volume error compensation value.
The course of work of apparatus of the present invention as shown in Figure 2, after space error compensation system is started working, Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system will carry out initialization, then data acquisition instructions is sent by operating personnel by personal computer, data acquisition instructions sends into one-chip computer module by serial ports, and whole system starts normal work.In the course of work, on numerically-controlled machine, the measuring-signal of the temperature signal of each crucial thermal source and volumetric errors is by after the signals collecting submodule of one-chip computer module, A/D transform subblock, send personal computer back to through serial ports, by the process of Modeling Calculation submodule, obtain volumetric errors model.The dsp chip of one-chip computer module inserted again by the volumetric errors model obtained through serial ports.
After volumetric errors model is inserted dsp chip, send compensating instruction to Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) system by personal computer serial ports, now with regard to removable personal computer, whole compensation system only has one-chip computer module and numerical control interface module working.While single-chip microcomputer receives compensating instruction, send trigger pip to PMC, prepare to accept compensating signal.
In volume error compensation process, by being arranged on the temperature sensor on numerically-controlled machine, the temperature value of crucial thermal source amplifies through signal, A/D sends into dsp chip after changing.After model prediction, compensating parameter (comprise compensation direction, compensating shaft number, compensate numerical value, compensate function code etc.) sends into CNC controller by the parallel port of dsp chip through numerical control interface module (being made up of B2 interface card and PMC trapezoid figure program), controlled the relative motion of cutter by CNC controller, finally realize volume error compensation.
Apparatus of the present invention are in the process implementing volume error compensation, do not need to increase any hardware device on lathe, only need the PMC trapezoid figure program by revising lathe just can realize compensating operation, and do not affect the normal operation of job sequence, coming into effect the person that also do not need machine operation participate in once compensate, is a kind of not only convenient but also cheap error-compensating apparatus.
Supplemental content: the 1) definition of CNC controller and action: CNC controller, i.e. machine tool numerical control system, is used for storing job sequence, accepts and then perform the main devices of NC instruction.In compensation process, compensating signal that compensation system sends by PMC (comprise compensation direction, compensating shaft number, compensate numerical value, compensate function code etc.) reads in CNC system, and by machine tool electric Ore-controlling Role (motor, axle control servo unit, ball-screw etc.), by power transmission to machine tool motion component (lathe topworks, as platen, knife rest etc.), realize compensation process.2) temperature point (the crucial heat source position of lathe) on lathe, measures with temperature sensor, and error measuring point (lathe space error measuring position) is measured with displacement transducer.Through signal transacting, (signal processing module is made up of electronic devices and components the voltage signal of temperature point and displacement measuring points, comprise voltage-stabilizing device, noise reduction device, amplifying device etc.), terminal interface and MUX(signalling channel selection circuit), and after A/D conversion, final dsp system of sending into carries out calculating, processing.
Claims (4)
1. a numerically-controlled machine space error compensation system, is characterized in that being made up of personal computer, one-chip computer module, numerical control interface module; Personal computer comprises based on the Modeling Calculation submodule of VC++, data sub module stored and serial ports submodule; One-chip computer module comprises temperature signal collection submodule, displacement signal acquisition submodule, A/D transform subblock, serial ports and parallel port communication submodule and some sensors; Numerical control interface module comprises PMC ladder diagram and the numerically-controlled machine interface card of digital control system.
2. personal computer according to claim 1, is characterized in that having installed the space error compensation software based on VC++, with the serial line interface between personal computer and compensation system.
3. one-chip computer module according to claim 1, it is characterized in that being made up of temperature signal collection submodule, displacement signal acquisition submodule, A/D transform subblock, serial ports and parallel port communication submodule and some sensors, is that each submodule is organically combined by core with single-chip microcomputer; The output of temperature sensor, through temperature signal collection submodule, sends into A/D transform subblock, sends into personal computer carry out calculation process through serial ports; Lathe displacement and error signal, through displacement signal acquisition submodule, A/D transform subblock, send into personal computer through serial ports and parallel port and digital control system carries out calculation process respectively; Serial ports and parallel port communication submodule mainly complete single-chip microcomputer and the information interaction between personal computer and digital control system.
4. numerical control interface module according to claim 1, the PMC ladder diagram that it is characterized in that digital control system additional, can realize the information interaction between digital control system and one-chip computer module by numerically-controlled machine interface card.
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Cited By (7)
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| CN105700472A (en) * | 2016-04-05 | 2016-06-22 | 上海交通大学 | Numerical control machine tool error real time compensator based on external coordinate origin offset of machine bed |
| CN106292643A (en) * | 2016-09-21 | 2017-01-04 | 常州机电职业技术学院 | FANUC digital control system I/O module detector |
| CN106483928A (en) * | 2017-01-03 | 2017-03-08 | 重庆大学 | A kind of dry chain digital control gear hobbing machine bed radial heat distortion error of cutting is in machine real-time compensation method |
| CN106944876A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2017-07-14 | 安徽省捷甬达智能机器有限公司 | A kind of lathe bit shift compensation method and system based on the working time |
| CN106990755A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2017-07-28 | 安徽省捷甬达智能机器有限公司 | A kind of lathe bit shift compensation system and method based on deformation volume |
| CN106990753A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2017-07-28 | 安徽省捷甬达智能机器有限公司 | A kind of lathe bit shift compensation method and system based on calibrated volumes |
| CN108427373A (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-08-21 | 四川九零科技有限公司 | Numerically-controlled machine tool machining locus intelligentized control method update the system |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105700472A (en) * | 2016-04-05 | 2016-06-22 | 上海交通大学 | Numerical control machine tool error real time compensator based on external coordinate origin offset of machine bed |
| CN106292643A (en) * | 2016-09-21 | 2017-01-04 | 常州机电职业技术学院 | FANUC digital control system I/O module detector |
| CN106292643B (en) * | 2016-09-21 | 2018-01-16 | 常州机电职业技术学院 | FANUC digital control system I/O module detectors |
| CN106483928A (en) * | 2017-01-03 | 2017-03-08 | 重庆大学 | A kind of dry chain digital control gear hobbing machine bed radial heat distortion error of cutting is in machine real-time compensation method |
| CN106483928B (en) * | 2017-01-03 | 2019-01-29 | 重庆大学 | The dry chain digital control gear hobbing machine bed radial heat distortion error of cutting of one kind is in machine real-time compensation method |
| CN106944876A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2017-07-14 | 安徽省捷甬达智能机器有限公司 | A kind of lathe bit shift compensation method and system based on the working time |
| CN106990755A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2017-07-28 | 安徽省捷甬达智能机器有限公司 | A kind of lathe bit shift compensation system and method based on deformation volume |
| CN106990753A (en) * | 2017-03-27 | 2017-07-28 | 安徽省捷甬达智能机器有限公司 | A kind of lathe bit shift compensation method and system based on calibrated volumes |
| CN108427373A (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-08-21 | 四川九零科技有限公司 | Numerically-controlled machine tool machining locus intelligentized control method update the system |
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