CN104963994A - Cu-Al-Mn shape memory alloy damping device for precise instrument and manufacturing method of Cu-Al-Mn shape memory alloy damping device - Google Patents
Cu-Al-Mn shape memory alloy damping device for precise instrument and manufacturing method of Cu-Al-Mn shape memory alloy damping device Download PDFInfo
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- CN104963994A CN104963994A CN201510295877.2A CN201510295877A CN104963994A CN 104963994 A CN104963994 A CN 104963994A CN 201510295877 A CN201510295877 A CN 201510295877A CN 104963994 A CN104963994 A CN 104963994A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F15/00—Suppression of vibrations in systems; Means or arrangements for avoiding or reducing out-of-balance forces, e.g. due to motion
- F16F15/02—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems
- F16F15/04—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means
- F16F15/06—Suppression of vibrations of non-rotating, e.g. reciprocating systems; Suppression of vibrations of rotating systems by use of members not moving with the rotating systems using elastic means with metal springs
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/01—Alloys based on copper with aluminium as the next major constituent
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Abstract
The invention discloses a Cu-Al-Mn shape memory alloy damping device for a precise instrument and a manufacturing method of the Cu-Al-Mn shape memory alloy damping device. The damping device comprises a workbench, a damping assembly and a base. The damping assembly connects the workbench with the base. The damping assembly is composed of a plurality of columnar crystal tissue Cu-Al-Mn shape memory alloy plates with high anisotropism. The Cu-Al-Mn shape memory alloy damping device has the advantages that the damping device has the functional anisotropism, in other words, 10% or more high recovery strain can be provided in the vertical direction, the damping performance is superior, and good energy absorbing and damping functions are achieved; 7% or more high recovery strain in the horizontal direction can be provided, the energy absorbing and damping functions are achieved, and due to higher strength and rigidity of plates in the thickness direction, the damping device has good inclination resisting and shaking resisting functions, and the precise instrument can be kept stable in the using, or moving or transporting process.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metallic material preparations and applicatio field, relate to a kind of design and application of shape memory alloy damping device, specifically a kind of precision type instrument Cu-Al-Mn shape memory alloy damping device and manufacture method thereof.
Background technique
Precision type instrument or equipment are due to its complex structure, manufacture meticulous, often comparatively responsive to vibrations, need to adopt good damping, precautions against earthquakes, to ensure stability in its using process or not to be damaged in mobile or transportation process in use, mobile or transportation process.Precision type instrument damping device conventional at present mainly contains two kinds, a kind of for utilizing the elasticity of material itself as damper element, such as, using rubber pad, air cushion, spring, foamed plastics etc. as the damping device designed by vibration-absorptive material.Another stabilizer made for adopting electromechanical device.Due to the stabilizer that electromechanical device is made, need power mechanism to drive, device is complicated, requires high to Environmental Conditions.Therefore, the current damping device overwhelming majority still utilizes the elasticity of material itself as damper element.Compare the vibration-absorptive material only using resiliently deformable as energy-absorbing damping mechanism that rubber pad etc. is listed above, marmem has following advantage: 1. except resiliently deformable, also absorb large energy by there is special thermoelastic martensitic transformation, there is more excellent energy-absorbing cushioning ability; 2. damping constant is large, and Young's modulus is high, and intensity is high, heat-resisting, wear-resistant, excellent anti-corrosion performance; 3 have self-driven, Self-resetting function.Therefore, marmem has become a kind of important energy-absorbing, vibration-absorptive material.
When marmem is as energy-absorbing, vibration-absorptive material application, higher intensity and larger superelasticity all can improve the absorptivity of alloy to external energy, have more excellent energy-absorbing, shock-absorbing function.But the high strength of marmem and high superelasticity are often difficult to obtain simultaneously, such as, monocrystalline Cu-Al-Mn alloy has the high superelasticity of more than 10%, but its intensity is low, generally at below 200MPa.And common polycrystalline tissue cu-Al-Mn alloy strength is between 200MPa ~ 400MPa, but its superelasticity is low, is generally no more than 4%.At present, preparation has high strength and height hyperelastic Cu-Al-Mn marmem still faces great challenge simultaneously.
The damping device that precision type instrument was using, and moved or be opposite in transportation process its underpart has different function requirements in different directions.In vertical, require that damping device has good energy absorption ability, play good damping, antihunt action, ensure not disturbing by vibrations or damaging of precision type instrument; And in the horizontal direction, while requiring that damping device has certain damping, energy-absorbing function, there are higher strength and stiffness and keep stable to prevent precision type instrument generation from waving.
Summary of the invention:
One is the object of the present invention is to provide to have function anisotropic precision instrument and equipment Cu-Al-Mn shape memory alloy damping device, to meet the actual demand of precision instrument and equipment damping device.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts with technological scheme of going down:
A kind of precision type instrument Cu-Al-Mn shape memory alloy damping device, described damping device comprises: worktable, dampening assembly and base, described dampening assembly connects described worktable and described base, and described dampening assembly has strong anisotropic cylindrical crystal structure Cu-Al-Mn marmem plate by polylith and forms.
Further, described multiple Cu-Al-Mn marmem plate is vertically placed and superimposed in the horizontal direction.
Further, to solidify direction parallel with vertical for described Cu-Al-Mn marmem plate.
Further, the superimposed end face of described multiple Cu-Al-Mn marmem plate trims.
Further, the superimposed end face in described multiple Cu-Al-Mn marmem plate upper end is connected with described worktable.
Further, the superimposed end face in described multiple Cu-Al-Mn marmem plate lower end is connected with described base.
A kind of precision type instrument Cu-Al-Mn shape memory alloy damping device producing method, described method concrete steps are as follows:
Step 1: with the oxygen free copper of purity more than 99.9%, electrolytic aluminium and electrolytic manganese for raw material, electromagnetic induction vacuum smelting method is adopted to prepare prealloy, alloy melting temp is 1300 DEG C, and the type of cooling is air cooling, shrend, obtains the prealloy of uniform composition;
Step 2: by prealloy 1100 DEG C of refuses, after insulation 20min, for water cooled copper mould cooling, circumferential holding temperature are that in the graphite crystallizer of 1100 DEG C, alloy is directional solidification from bottom to top bottom being poured into, form cylindrical crystal structure, the temperature gradient in process of setting is greater than 7 DEG C/mm;
Step 3: after alloy melt all solidifies, is cooled to, when about 800 DEG C, ingot casting is taken out shrend with stove;
Step 4: the ingot casting after quenching is reheated to air cooling or the shrend after 30 minutes of 150 DEG C of timeliness;
Step 5: according to the design needs of device, alloy cast ingot is cut into the sheet material of required size;
Step 6: polylith alloy sheets vertically to be placed and superimposed in the horizontal direction, forms precision type instrument Cu-Al-Mn shape memory alloy damping device by alloy sheets group and worktable and base combination.
Further, it is characterized in that, described step 1) in each material composition be: Al:16at.% ~ 20at.%, Mn:9at.% ~ 12at.%, all the other are Cu.
The damping device of the present invention's design is except having common Cu base marmem damping device low price, and energy absorption capability is strong, endurance, corrosion-resistant, and damping capacity is good, outside the excellent feature of self-resetting capability, also has the following advantages:
1) damping device has function anisotropy, namely can provide the high recoverable strain of more than 10% in vertical, and damping capacity is excellent, has good energy-absorbing, shock-absorbing function; And the higher recoverable strain of more than 7% can be provided in the horizontal direction, while playing energy-absorbing, cushioning effect, because sheet material is thick in higher strength and stiffness, make damping device have good anti-inclination, anti-swing function, thus make precision type instrument use, moving or keep stable in transportation process.
2) cylindrical crystal structure Cu-Al-Mn marmem has high superelasticity, be parallel to solidify direction superelasticity more than 10%, reaching monocrystalline level, is more than 3 times that common polycrystalline organizes alloy superelasticity (~ 3%).The superelasticity of vertically solidifying direction, also more than 7%, is more than 2 times that common polycrystalline organizes alloy superelasticity (~ 3%).Compare the damping device that common polycrystalline tissue profile memory alloy manufactures, damping device of the present invention has more excellent damping energy absorption performance.
3) the precision type instrument damping device recoverable strain made of anisotropy Cu-Al-Mn marmem is high, and residual strain is low, high temperature resistant, and endurance is high, simple structure, easy installation and removal.
4) anisotropy Cu-Al-Mn marmem integrates functional and structural, realizes damping energy-absorbing and supporting & stablizing effect simultaneously, energy simplified design, cost-saving.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is precision type instrument Cu-Al-Mn shape memory alloy damping apparatus structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is anisotropy Cu-Al-Mn marmem metallographic shape appearance figure of the present invention: wherein (a) is parallel solidifies direction sectional view; B () is for vertically to solidify direction sectional view;
Fig. 3 is the parallel and vertical superelasticity tensile stress-strain curve figure solidifying direction of anisotropy Cu-Al-Mn marmem of the present invention.
Embodiment:
In order to make object of the present invention, technological scheme and advantage clearly understand, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is explained in further detail.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only for explaining the present invention, being not intended to limit the present invention, mention in specification " on ", the D score position that all to refer to figure mono-be reference, only for illustration of the present invention, do not limit the present invention.
On the contrary, the present invention is contained any by the substituting of making on marrow of the present invention and scope of defining of claim, amendment, equivalent method and scheme.Further, in order to make the public have a better understanding to the present invention, in hereafter details of the present invention being described, detailedly describe some specific detail sections.Do not have the description of these detail sections can understand the present invention completely for a person skilled in the art yet.Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the present invention is further described.
As Figure 1-3, a kind of precision type instrument Cu-Al-Mn shape memory alloy damping device, described damping device comprises: worktable, dampening assembly and base, described dampening assembly connects described worktable and described base, described dampening assembly has strong anisotropic cylindrical crystal structure Cu-Al-Mn marmem plate by polylith and forms, described Cu-Al-Mn marmem plate is vertically placed and superimposed in the horizontal direction, it is parallel with vertical that described Cu-Al-Mn marmem plate solidifies direction, the superimposed end face of described multiple Cu-Al-Mn marmem plate trims, the superimposed end face in described multiple Cu-Al-Mn marmem plate upper end is connected with described worktable, for placing precision type instrument, the superimposed end face in described multiple Cu-Al-Mn marmem plate lower end is connected with described base, described base can be designed to fixed or packaged type according to actual needs.Cylindrical crystal structure Cu-Al-Mn alloy (metallograph as shown in Figure 2) is utilized to have high superelasticity (10% ~ 18% along solidifying direction, superelasticity load-deformation curve as shown in Figure 3), the feature of large energy can be absorbed when there is stress-induced phase transformation, make damping device have excellent energy-absorbing shock-absorbing function in vertical.The bearing capacity of the vertical of this device is determined by the yield strength in alloy graining direction.In the horizontal direction, because cylindrical crystal structure Cu-Al-Mn alloy vertically solidifies direction, there is higher superelasticity (7% ~ 9%) and higher intensity (300MPa ~ 400MPa) and rigidity (Young's modulus is 19GPa ~ 24GPa), while making damping device have good energy-absorbing, shock-absorbing function, there is high damping properties, can prevent precision type instrument from producing and swing and keep stable.
A kind of precision type instrument Cu-Al-Mn shape memory alloy damping device producing method, described method passes through organizational controls, prepare the particular tissues marmem with property anisotropy, namely high strength and high superelasticity is obtained respectively in different directions, adopt cylindrical crystal structure Cu-Al-Mn marmem prepared by directional freeze method, along solidifying direction, there is <001> height phase transition strain (reflection superelasticity size) orientation, without transverse grain boundaries, the high superelasticity (10% ~ 18%) suitable with monocrystalline can be obtained, vertically solidify the distribution of orientations in direction (corresponding higher phase transition strain) between <001>-<011GreatT .GreaT.GT orientation, there is transverse grain boundaries, when being out of shape, intercrystalline strengthening effect is obvious, therefore, have in the direction in which higher superelasticity (7% ~ 9%) and higher strength and stiffness (vertical solidify direction intensity and Young's modulus be about 1.3 and 1.5 times of parallel direction), its concrete implementation step is as follows:
Step 1: with the oxygen free copper of purity more than 99.9%, electrolytic aluminium and electrolytic manganese for raw material, electromagnetic induction vacuum smelting method is adopted to prepare prealloy, alloying constituent is Al:16at.% ~ 20at.%, Mn:9at.% ~ 12at.%, all the other are Cu, alloy melting temp is 1300 DEG C, and the type of cooling is air cooling, shrend, obtains the prealloy of uniform composition;
Step 2: adopt directional freeze method preparation to have strong anisotropy cylindrical crystal structure sheet alloy, concrete technology is: by prealloy 1100 DEG C of refuses, after insulation 20min, be poured into bottom for water cooled copper mould cooling, in the graphite crystallizer of circumference insulation (holding temperature 1100 DEG C) (closing down heat insulation and heating equipment after cast), alloy is directional solidification from bottom to top, form cylindrical crystal structure, mold shape and size design according to the shape and size of prepared sheet material, along solidifying direction, there is strong <001> orientation in order to obtain, crystal boundary is straight high cylindrical crystal structure, to ensure that sheet material has strong anisotropy, require that the temperature gradient in directional solidification process must be greater than 7 DEG C/mm,
Step 3: after alloy melt all solidifies (alloy melting point is 950 DEG C), be cooled to, when about 800 DEG C, ingot casting is taken out shrend with stove, to avoid generating α phase and other brittlement phase, ensures to obtain austenite structure completely;
Step 4: the ingot casting after quenching is reheated to air cooling or the shrend after 30 minutes of 150 DEG C of timeliness, with the martensitic transformation temperature of stable alloy;
Step 5: according to the design needs of device, alloy cast ingot is cut into the sheet material of required size;
Step 6: polylith alloy sheets vertically to be placed and superimposed in the horizontal direction, forms precision type instrument Cu-Al-Mn shape memory alloy damping device by alloy sheets group and worktable and base combination.
Can be prepared by step 1 ~ 6, along solidifying direction, there is strong <001> orientation, columnar crystal grain aspect ratio is more than 10, and (metallograph is as shown in Fig. 2 (a) (b) the cylindrical crystal structure Cu-Al-Mn marmem sheet material that crystal boundary is straight.Sheet alloy reaches 10% ~ 18% along the superelasticity of solidifying direction, and yield strength is 200 ~ 300MPa, and Young's modulus is 19 ~ 24GPa; And the superelasticity that direction is vertically solidified on edge is 7% ~ 9%; Yield strength and Young's modulus reach 300 ~ 400MPa and 28 ~ 36GPa respectively.Superelasticity, yield strength and Young's modulus anisotropy reach 1.43 ~ 2.0,1.33 ~ 1.5,1.47 ~ 1.5 respectively, have strong anisotropy.
Although Cu-Al-Mn shape memory alloy monocrystalline body has strong anisotropy, the designing requirement of anisotropy damping device can be met, large size single crystal body Cu-Al-Mn marmem preparation difficulty, with high costs, cannot practical application.And now widely used common polycrystalline tissue cu-Al-Mn super elastic shape memory alloy low (<4%), and performance is isotropy, is unfavorable for the design of anisotropic device.Adopt directional freeze method can prepare large-sized cylindrical crystal structure Cu-Al-Mn marmem with strong anisotropic character, therefore, the performance characteristics of synthetic column brilliant tissue cu-Al-Mn marmem and precision type instrument damping device function requirement, utilize the property anisotropy of cylindrical crystal structure Cu-Al-Mn marmem, prepare columnar crystal tissue cu-Al-Mn marmem by utilizing directional freeze method and make it have anisotropy feature, develop can meet precision type instrument damping requirement there is the anisotropic Novel shock absorption device of function.
[embodiment 1]
Preparation process of the present invention is adopted to prepare the Cu of the thick 5mm of wide 50mm
72al
18mn
10(at.%) alloy sheets, as shown in table 1 along parallel and vertical performance of solidifying direction, reach 18% at the parallel direction superelasticity recoverable strain that solidifies, yield strength is 228.5MPa, vertically solidify direction superelasticity recoverable strain and reach 9%, yield strength is 312.1MPa.The sheet material of cut growth 150mm, damping device, along solidifying direction, is made by shown in Fig. 1 in panel length direction.The maximum bearing pressure of damping device is 228MPa.
Table 1 cylindrical crystal structure Cu
72al
18mn
10alloy sheets is parallel and perpendicular to the performance parameter of solidifying direction
[embodiment 2]
Preparation process of the present invention is adopted to prepare the Cu of the thick 4mm of wide 40mm
72al
17mn
11(at.%) alloy sheets, as shown in table 2 along parallel and vertical performance of solidifying direction, reach 16% at the parallel direction superelasticity recoverable strain that solidifies, yield strength is 268.9MPa, vertically solidify direction superelasticity recoverable strain and reach 8.5%, yield strength is 349.3MPa.The sheet material of cut growth 130mm, damping device, along solidifying direction, is made by shown in Fig. 1 in panel length direction.The maximum bearing pressure of damping device is 268MPa.
Table 2 cylindrical crystal structure Cu
72al
17mn
11alloy sheets is parallel and perpendicular to the performance parameter of solidifying direction
[embodiment 3]
Preparation process of the present invention is adopted to prepare the Cu of the thick 4mm of wide 50mm
71al
20mn
9(at.%) alloy sheets, as shown in table 3 along parallel and vertical performance of solidifying direction, reach 10% at the parallel direction superelasticity recoverable strain that solidifies, yield strength is 298.9MPa, vertically solidify direction superelasticity recoverable strain and reach 7.5%, yield strength is 382.1MPa.The sheet material of cut growth 140mm, damping device, along solidifying direction, is made by shown in Fig. 1 in panel length direction.The maximum bearing pressure of damping device is 298MPa.
Table 3 cylindrical crystal structure Cu
71al
20mn
9alloy sheets is parallel and perpendicular to the performance parameter of solidifying direction
[embodiment 4]
Preparation process of the present invention is adopted to prepare the Cu of the thick 3mm of wide 50mm
72al
16mn
12(at.%) alloy sheets, as shown in table 4 along parallel and vertical performance of solidifying direction, reach 14% at the parallel direction superelasticity recoverable strain that solidifies, yield strength is 271.4MPa, vertically solidify direction superelasticity recoverable strain and reach 7.8%, yield strength is 361.4MPa.The sheet material of cut growth 150mm, damping device, along solidifying direction, is made by shown in Fig. 1 in panel length direction.The maximum bearing pressure of damping device is 271MPa.
Table 4 cylindrical crystal structure Cu
72al
16mn
12alloy sheets is parallel and perpendicular to the performance parameter of solidifying direction
The damping device of the present invention's design is except having common Cu base marmem damping device low price, and energy absorption capability is strong, endurance, corrosion-resistant, and damping capacity is good, outside the excellent feature of self-resetting capability, also has the following advantages:
1) damping device has function anisotropy, namely can provide the high recoverable strain of more than 10% in vertical, and damping capacity is excellent, has good energy-absorbing, shock-absorbing function; And the higher recoverable strain of more than 7% can be provided in the horizontal direction, while playing energy-absorbing, cushioning effect, because sheet material is thick in higher strength and stiffness, make damping device have good anti-inclination, anti-swing function, thus make precision type instrument use, moving or keep stable in transportation process.
2) cylindrical crystal structure Cu-Al-Mn marmem has high superelasticity, be parallel to solidify direction superelasticity more than 10%, reaching monocrystalline level, is more than 3 times that common polycrystalline organizes alloy superelasticity (~ 3%).The superelasticity of vertically solidifying direction, also more than 7%, is more than 2 times that common polycrystalline organizes alloy superelasticity (~ 3%).Compare the damping device that common polycrystalline tissue profile memory alloy manufactures, damping device of the present invention has more excellent damping energy absorption performance.
3) the precision type instrument damping device recoverable strain made of anisotropy Cu-Al-Mn marmem is high, and residual strain is low, high temperature resistant, and endurance is high, simple structure, easy installation and removal.
4) anisotropy Cu-Al-Mn marmem integrates functional and structural, realizes damping energy-absorbing and supporting & stablizing effect simultaneously, energy simplified design, cost-saving.
Claims (8)
1. a precision type instrument Cu-Al-Mn shape memory alloy damping device, described damping device comprises: worktable, dampening assembly and base, described dampening assembly connects described worktable and described base, it is characterized in that, described dampening assembly has strong anisotropic cylindrical crystal structure Cu-Al-Mn marmem plate by polylith and forms.
2. damping device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described multiple Cu-Al-Mn marmem plate is vertically placed and superimposed in the horizontal direction.
3. damping device according to claim 2, is characterized in that, it is parallel with vertical that described Cu-Al-Mn marmem plate solidifies direction.
4. damping device according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the superimposed end face of described multiple Cu-Al-Mn marmem plate trims.
5. damping device according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the superimposed end face in described multiple Cu-Al-Mn marmem plate upper end is connected with described worktable.
6. damping device according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the superimposed end face in described multiple Cu-Al-Mn marmem plate lower end is connected with described base.
7. a precision type instrument Cu-Al-Mn shape memory alloy damping device producing method, manufactures the damping device as described in claim 1-6, it is characterized in that, described method concrete steps are as follows:
Step 1: with the oxygen free copper of purity more than 99.9%, electrolytic aluminium and electrolytic manganese for raw material, electromagnetic induction vacuum smelting method is adopted to prepare prealloy, alloy melting temp is 1300 DEG C, and the type of cooling is air cooling, shrend, obtains the prealloy of uniform composition;
Step 2: by prealloy 1100 DEG C of refuses, after being incubated 20 min, for water cooled copper mould cooling, circumferential holding temperature are that in the graphite crystallizer of 1100 DEG C, alloy is directional solidification from bottom to top bottom being poured into, form cylindrical crystal structure, the temperature gradient in process of setting is greater than 7 DEG C/mm;
Step 3: after alloy melt all solidifies, is cooled to, when about 800 DEG C, ingot casting is taken out shrend with stove;
Step 4: the ingot casting after quenching is reheated to air cooling or the shrend after 30 minutes of 150 DEG C of timeliness;
Step 5: according to the design needs of device, alloy cast ingot is cut into the sheet material of required size;
Step 6: polylith alloy sheets vertically to be placed and superimposed in the horizontal direction, forms precision type instrument Cu-Al-Mn shape memory alloy damping device by alloy sheets group and worktable and base combination.
8. damping device manufacture method according to claim 7, is characterized in that, in described step 1), each material composition is: Al:16at.% ~ 20at.%, Mn:9at.% ~ 12at.%, and all the other are Cu.
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| CN106065914A (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2016-11-02 | 南京工业大学 | A kind of novel precise instrument vibration isolator |
| CN112483539A (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2021-03-12 | 南京航空航天大学 | Intelligent elastic bearing and control method |
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| CN106065914A (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2016-11-02 | 南京工业大学 | A kind of novel precise instrument vibration isolator |
| CN106065914B (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2018-07-17 | 南京工业大学 | A kind of novel precise instrument vibration isolator |
| CN112483539A (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2021-03-12 | 南京航空航天大学 | Intelligent elastic bearing and control method |
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