CN104957030A - Biological pollination method implemented by aid of leaf-cutter bees and application of biological pollination method to planting cornus officinalis in saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Biological pollination method implemented by aid of leaf-cutter bees and application of biological pollination method to planting cornus officinalis in saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a biological pollination method implemented by the aid of leaf-cutter bees and application of the biological pollination method to planting cornus officinalis in saline-alkali soil. The biological pollination method includes spraying leaf-cutter bee attractants. The spray quantities of the leaf-cutter bee attractants are 3.0L per mu in each procedure. The leaf-cutter bee attractants comprise, by weight, 4-7 parts of sophora flower honey, 5-6 parts of gamma-nonylactone, 12-14 parts of 25-50% ethanol, 9-11 parts of clove blossom extracting liquid, 1-4 parts of ethyl vanillin and 5.5-6.5 parts of wort. The biological pollination method and the application have the advantages that large quantities of the bees can be attracted by the cornus officinalis, the cornus officinalis can be uniformly and completely pollinated, and the pollination rate of the cornus officinalis can be obviously increased and is 93.6-94.5%; the fruit-setting ratio and the individual yield of the cornus officinalis can be obviously increased, the quality of fruits can be improved, and the cornus officinalis is high in commercial fruit bearing rate.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to biological pollination technique field, relate to a kind of biological pollinating method adopting megachilid, be specifically related to a kind of adopt megachilid to carry out biological pollination method and application in the plantation of dogwood saline land.
Background technology
Megachilid is adopted powder speed and is exceedingly fast, according to observations the 11-25 piece that picks flowers per minute, and Pollination Efficiency is high, and be far from other kind of honeybee institute energy ratio, what use in alfalfa cultivation is more.
First flower is opened when gathering by megachilid, creep into again in flower and gather, at this moment pollen grain sticks on fine hair taking wiping to wipe by megachilid belly, when it interviews other flower, gather in the same way, just the pollen of front 1 flower is passed on column cap of other flower, thus passed powder for plant.Megachilid happiness temperature higher than 20 DEG C, fine day that is dry, that have sunlight is movable.
But under nature, the flower of a lot of plant cannot attract megachilid to be its pollination, or traffic attraction is very little, and dogwood is exactly this type of plant.Dogwood floral disc ring-type, meat.Fruit ellipse, long 1.2-1.7cm, red or aubergine time ripe.March at florescence, the fruit phase 8-10 month.Adopt artificial householder method, help plant to attract more megachilid to adopt powder, use megachilid attractant to be a kind of supplementary pollination method preferably.
There is following defect in existing megachilid pollination technique: the draw honeybee amount of dogwood growing area to megachilid is little, and the pollination rate of dogwood is lower, and dogwood percentage of fertile fruit is not high, and the single plant yield of dogwood is not high, dogwood bad.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to above deficiency, provide a kind of and adopt megachilid to carry out the method for biological pollination and the application in dogwood saline land is planted thereof, realize following goal of the invention:
(1) adopt megachilid attractant of the present invention, improve pollination rate;
(2) adopt megachilid attractant of the present invention, growing area when improving pollination draws honeybee amount;
(3) adopt megachilid attractant of the present invention, improve percentage of fertile fruit, dogwood percentage of fertile fruit rises to 92.6-93.2%;
(4) adopt megachilid attractant of the present invention, improve single plant yield, dogwood individual plant fresh pod yield is increased to 4.2-5kg;
(5) adopt megachilid attractant of the present invention pollination, improve the quality of dogwood.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, by the following technical solutions:
Adopt megachilid to carry out a method for biological pollination, comprise spraying megachilid attractant.
Below the further improvement to technique scheme:
Described spraying megachilid attractant: each spray amount is 3.0 L every mu.
Described megachilid attractant comprises following component: pagodatree flower honey, third nonalactone, 25-50% ethanol, honeysuckle extract, Ethyl vanillin, brewer's wort.
The weight ratio of described megachilid attractant component is: pagodatree flower honey 4-7 part, third nonalactone 5-6 part, 25-50% ethanol 12-14 part, honeysuckle extract 9-11 part, Ethyl vanillin 1-4 part, brewer's wort 5.5-6.5 part.
The preparation method of described megachilid attractant comprises preparation honeysuckle extract, prepares brewer's wort, obtains megachilid attractant.
Described preparation honeysuckle extract: get honeysuckle, pulverizes, puts into 60% ethanol, soaks 12-13 hour, and 80 order gauzes filter, and 8000 rpm are centrifugal, obtained honeysuckle extract.
Described obtained honeysuckle extract: alfalfa saponin content is 20%.
Described prepares brewer's wort: cleaned by Fructus Hordei Germinatus, steams 20-30 minute, pulverizes, put into water stir evenly after at the temperature bottom fermentation of about 60 DEG C, behind about to 7 ~ 10 hour, squeezing, filters.
Adopt the inventive method to pollinate to dogwood, dogwood pollination rate is 93.6-94.5%.
The present invention compared with prior art, has following beneficial effect:
(1) adopt megachilid attractant of the present invention pollination, significantly improve pollination rate, dogwood pollination rate reaches 93.6-94.5%;
(2) adopt megachilid attractant of the present invention to pollinate, growing area when significantly improving pollination draws honeybee amount, and during dogwood pollination, growing area draws honeybee amount and reaches 1.421-1.524 Zhi/㎡;
(3) adopt megachilid attractant of the present invention pollination, significantly improve percentage of fertile fruit, dogwood percentage of fertile fruit is 92.6-93.2%;
(4) adopt megachilid attractant of the present invention pollination, significantly improve single plant yield, dogwood individual plant fresh pod yield reaches 4.2-5kg;
(5) adopt megachilid attractant of the present invention pollination, improve the quality of dogwood, fresh fruit average diameter is 7-8mm, and commodity fruit rate is 92.1-94.2%.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1 one kinds of megachilid attractants
Megachilid attractant comprises the component of following weight portion:
Pagodatree flower honey 4 parts, third nonalactone 5 parts, 25-50% ethanol 12 parts, honeysuckle extract 9 parts, Ethyl vanillin 1 part, brewer's wort 5.5 parts.
Embodiment 2 one kinds of megachilid attractants
Megachilid attractant comprises the component of following weight portion:
Pagodatree flower honey 5 parts, third nonalactone 5 parts, 25-50% ethanol 13 parts, honeysuckle extract 10 parts, Ethyl vanillin 2 parts, brewer's wort 6 parts.
Embodiment 3 one kinds of megachilid attractants
Megachilid attractant comprises the component of following weight portion:
Pagodatree flower honey 7 parts, third nonalactone 6 parts, 25-50% ethanol 14 parts, honeysuckle extract 11 parts, Ethyl vanillin 4 parts, brewer's wort 6.5 parts.
The preparation method of embodiment 4 one kinds of megachilid attractants
(1) honeysuckle extract is prepared
Get vigorous honeysuckle in full bloom, pulverize, put into 60% ethanol, ethanol weight is 10 times of honeysuckle, soaks 12-13 hour, and 80 order gauzes filter, and 8000 rpm are centrifugal, and obtaining supernatant is honeysuckle extract, containing 20% alfalfa saponin.
(2) brewer's wort is prepared
Get fresh Fructus Hordei Germinatus, clean, steam 20-30 minute, pulverize, at the temperature bottom fermentation of about 60 DEG C after the water putting into 3 times stirs evenly, behind about to 7 ~ 10 hour, through squeezer squeeze juice, it is brewer's wort that 80 order gauzes filter the clarified juice obtained, for subsequent use.
(3) weigh
The component of each megachilid attractant is taken by the weight ratio of embodiment 1-3.
(4) obtained megachilid attractant
Getting honeysuckle extract joins in 25-50% ethanol, stirs 4-8 minute, rotating speed 300 rpm with agitator; after stirring, add Ethyl vanillin, honey, third nonalactone, stirring and dissolving at 60 DEG C; after cool to room temperature, add brewer's wort and mix, obtained megachilid attractant.
Embodiment 5 one kinds adopts megachilid to carry out the application of method in the plantation of dogwood saline land of biological pollination
Step 1, cuttage and seedling culture
In plantation 5 months the previous years in, the last ten-days period, clip branch on excellent maternal plant, is cut into the skewer bar of long 15-20cm by lignified branch, by distance between rows and hills 20cm × 8cm cuttage on husky bed, lid film thermal insulating, above takes cool canopy shading, water moisturizing, weeding is applied fertilizer, and early spring in next year transplants.
Step 2, transplant planting
Plantation plot: 0-40cm soil layer salt content is 1.0-1.4%, pH is 7.8-8.2.Soil conditioner is used to carry out soil melioration; Described soil conditioner comprises the component of following weight portion: aluminum sulfate 7-9 part, cotton seed hulls 13-15 part, charcoal 18-21 part, desulfurated plaster 10-13 part, seawood meal 12-15 part, water-loss reducer 7-11 part, alfalfa meal 10-14 part, halophilic microorganism 0.2g/kg.
In spring, the soil surface rake after improvement is carefully raked, field planting is planted the dogwood seedling cultivated the previous year.Height of seedling 60-70 centimetre, per hectare is planted 450 ~ 750 strains.
Step 3, irrigation
(1) irrigate seedling stage
The mode of employing brackish water, fresh water rotation flow is irrigated, and rotation flow number of times is than being irrigate once for 1:4, every 5-6 days, and each irrigation volume is 280-320m3/ hectare; The salinity of described fresh water is less than 1g/L, and described brackish water salinity is 2.4-2.8g/L, pH is 7.8-8.2, and salt content is 0.10-0.12%, and sodium salt content accounts for the 77-80% of total salt content.
(2) irrigate vegetative period
Adopt rich organic salt water, the mode of fresh water rotation flow irrigates, rotation flow number of times is than irrigating once for 1:2, every 8-10 days, and each irrigation volume is 450-500m3/ hectare;
The salinity of described fresh water is less than 1g/L; The salinity of described brackish water is 3.1-3.6g/L, pH is 8.1-8.6, and salt content is 0.14-0.15%, and sodium salt content accounts for the 80-83% of total salt content;
The preparation of the organic salt water of described richness:
Get rich organic fertilizer 20kg to be dissolved in 1000L brackish water, mix, obtained rich organic salt water;
Described rich organic fertilizer comprises 24-26 part marine alga slag, 10-12 part chicken manure, 1-3 part microbial bacterial agent, 2-4 part containing magnesium phosphate, 5-8 part fulvic acid, 2-3 part paddy cystine;
The preparation method of described rich organic fertilizer:
24-26 part marine alga slag, 10-12 part chicken manure, 1-3 part fermentative microorganism microbial inoculum, 2-4 part are mixed containing magnesium phosphate, 5-8 part fulvic acid, 2-3 part paddy cystine by weight, adding water to water content is 70%; Pile up and cover, fermentation, obtains mixed material in 5-8 days, and between yeast phase every 4 hours, stir once, fermentation temperature is 35-40 DEG C, collects zymotic fluid, is liquid organic fertilizer.
(3) fruiting period is irrigated:
The mode of employing salt water, fresh water rotation flow is irrigated, and rotation flow number of times is than being irrigate once for 1:2, every 3-5 days, and each irrigation volume is 500-560m3/ hectare;
The salinity of described fresh water is less than 1g/L;
The salinity of described salt water is 5-5.5g/L, pH is 8.2-8.4, and salt content is 0.15-0.18%, and sodium salt content accounts for the 75-80% of total salt content.
Step 4, biological pollination
After field planting the 5th year, dogwood started to yield positive results, pollination period, and adopt megachilid to pollinate to dogwood, concrete steps are as follows:
(1) honeycomb is set up
Honeycomb is similar to the pattern of bookshelf, places honeybee pipe in honeycomb, and 300-400 honeybee pipe placed by each honeycomb, puts into megachilid honeybee cocoon, each honeybee Guan Fangyi honeybee cocoon in honeybee pipe.Described honeybee pipe is by internal diameter 5-9 millimeter, and the rose spray of long 13-15 centimetre is made.
(2) growing area put into by honeycomb
3-4 days before blooming, megachilid honeycomb is placed into growing area center, and honeycomb is 15-20cm overhead, have no occluder within the scope of first 1 meter of honeycomb.Place 5-6 honeycomb for every 667 square metres.
(3) spraying megachilid attractant
3-4 days before the flowers are in blossom, is sprayed on petal by megachilid attractant, after the flowers are in blossom, every other day, and an attractant of spraying.As the rainy day, stop spraying, after rain stops, recover spraying again.Each spray amount is 3.0 L every mu.
(4) pollinate
Every day bee pollination, bloom 3 days time, the adult honeybee that each honeycomb is applicable to pollinating accounts for the 65-75% of bee colony.After pollination period terminates, withdraw from megachilid in time.
Step 5, management
Annual intertill and clean tillage 4-5 time; Earth up summer 1 time, with lodging-prevention.During treelet height about 40-60cm, beat the top tip between February, 3-4 major branch of selecting and remain, then 3-4 secondary major branch that on-job major branch is selected and remain, form natural open centre shape.
Treelet, to be shaped as master, is trimmed to auxiliary.Bearing tree was pruned in spring, season in autumn two, and the contradiction between growth regulation and result upgrades fruit bearing shoot group, retained growth branch, carried out cutting back, promote branch.
Spring and autumn respectively topdresses 1 time, and night soil 2-3 kilogram is executed in the every strain of plant in more than 3 years.Contain flower and bear fruit the phase, spraying 0.1% B solution.
Step 6, to gather
The fruit maturation time is October.Be good with aubergine fruit when gathering.
Control group: the implantation methods adopting embodiment 5, only changes the pollination of step 4 biology: do not use megachilid attractant, carries out the experiment of plantation dogwood.
Experimental group: the implantation methods adopting embodiment 5, adopts the megachilid attractant of embodiment 1-3, carries out the experiment of plantation dogwood.
Control group, experimental group are tested, plantation dogwood the 4th year, and experimental result is in table 1:
The experimental result of table 1 control group and experimental group
From table 1, embodiment 2 is preferred embodiment.
Adopt pollinating method of the present invention, the honeybee amount of drawing of dogwood is larger, pollination evenly, completely, significantly improve the pollination rate of dogwood, percentage of fertile fruit, significantly improve single plant yield, improve the quality of fruit, commodity fruit rate is higher.
Adopt the implantation methods plantation dogwood of embodiment 5 after 1 year, growing area soil structure improves, and 0-40cm soil layer salt content is 0.4-0.5%, pH is 7.1-7.2.Between planting season, dogwood well-grown, the dogwood quality better of plantation.
Last it is noted that the foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, although with reference to previous embodiment to invention has been detailed description, for a person skilled in the art, it still can be modified to the technical scheme described in foregoing embodiments, or carries out equivalent replacement to wherein portion of techniques feature.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. adopt megachilid to carry out a method for biological pollination, it is characterized in that: described biological pollinating method comprises spraying megachilid attractant.
2. a kind of method adopting megachilid to carry out biological pollination according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described spraying megachilid attractant: each spray amount is 3.0 L every mu.
3. a kind of method adopting megachilid to carry out biological pollination according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described megachilid attractant comprises following component: pagodatree flower honey, third nonalactone, 25-50% ethanol, honeysuckle extract, Ethyl vanillin, brewer's wort.
4. a kind of method adopting megachilid to carry out biological pollination according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the weight ratio of described megachilid attractant component is: pagodatree flower honey 4-7 part, third nonalactone 5-6 part, 25-50% ethanol 12-14 part, honeysuckle extract 9-11 part, Ethyl vanillin 1-4 part, brewer's wort 5.5-6.5 part.
5. a kind of method adopting megachilid to carry out biological pollination according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the preparation method of described megachilid attractant comprises preparation honeysuckle extract, prepares brewer's wort, obtains megachilid attractant.
6. the preparation method of a kind of megachilid attractant according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described preparation honeysuckle extract: get honeysuckle, pulverizes; put into 60% ethanol, soak 12-13 hour, 80 order gauzes filter; 8000 rpm are centrifugal, obtained honeysuckle extract.
7. the preparation method of a kind of megachilid attractant according to claim 6, is characterized in that: described obtained honeysuckle extract: alfalfa saponin content is 20%.
8. the preparation method of a kind of megachilid attractant according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described prepares brewer's wort: cleaned by Fructus Hordei Germinatus, steams 20-30 minute, pulverize, put into water stir evenly after at the temperature bottom fermentation of about 60 DEG C, behind about to 7 ~ 10 hour, squeezing, filters.
9. a kind of method adopting megachilid to carry out biological pollination according to claim 1, is characterized in that: adopt the inventive method to pollinate to dogwood, dogwood pollination rate is 93.6-94.5%.
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| CN201510345818.1A CN104957030A (en) | 2015-06-23 | 2015-06-23 | Biological pollination method implemented by aid of leaf-cutter bees and application of biological pollination method to planting cornus officinalis in saline-alkali soil |
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| CN201510345818.1A CN104957030A (en) | 2015-06-23 | 2015-06-23 | Biological pollination method implemented by aid of leaf-cutter bees and application of biological pollination method to planting cornus officinalis in saline-alkali soil |
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Citations (5)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2002007504A2 (en) * | 2000-07-26 | 2002-01-31 | Stine Seed Farm, Inc. | Hybrid soybeans and methods of production |
| CN101466260A (en) * | 2006-06-15 | 2009-06-24 | 普罗吉尼先进遗传公司 | Lettuce breeding method |
| CN102524049A (en) * | 2011-12-27 | 2012-07-04 | 吉林省养蜂科学研究所 | Bee attractant and method for field seed production and bee pollination of soybean hybrids |
| CN103270943A (en) * | 2013-05-20 | 2013-09-04 | 杨健 | Attractant capable of promoting cross pollination of fruit trees and improving fruit set percentage of fruit trees |
| CN103719080A (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2014-04-16 | 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Attractant for one class of pollination insects or natural enemy insects |
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- 2015-06-23 CN CN201510345818.1A patent/CN104957030A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2002007504A2 (en) * | 2000-07-26 | 2002-01-31 | Stine Seed Farm, Inc. | Hybrid soybeans and methods of production |
| CN101466260A (en) * | 2006-06-15 | 2009-06-24 | 普罗吉尼先进遗传公司 | Lettuce breeding method |
| CN102524049A (en) * | 2011-12-27 | 2012-07-04 | 吉林省养蜂科学研究所 | Bee attractant and method for field seed production and bee pollination of soybean hybrids |
| CN103270943A (en) * | 2013-05-20 | 2013-09-04 | 杨健 | Attractant capable of promoting cross pollination of fruit trees and improving fruit set percentage of fruit trees |
| CN103719080A (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2014-04-16 | 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Attractant for one class of pollination insects or natural enemy insects |
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Application publication date: 20151007 |