CN104883955A

CN104883955A - Apparatus and method for operating a real time large diopter range sequential wavefront sensor

Info

Publication number: CN104883955A
Application number: CN201380069101.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: Y·周; B·周; W·谢伊
Original assignee: Clarity Medical Systems Inc
Current assignee: Clarity Medical Systems Inc
Priority date: 2012-11-07
Filing date: 2013-11-06
Publication date: 2015-09-02
Anticipated expiration: 2033-11-06
Also published as: CA2890608A1; KR20150084915A; TW201422200A; KR20150083903A; WO2014074595A1; JP5996120B2; RU2015121378A; JP2016501044A; TWI520711B; RU2015121415A; AU2013341230A1; CN104883954B; JP2016504062A; KR20150084916A; WO2014074590A1; TW201422201A; KR20150083902A; KR20150082567A; AU2013341264B2; EP2903504A1

Abstract

A wavefront sensor including a wavefront scanning module (615) configured to output wavefront tilt measurements of a wavefront beam returned from a subject eye, a biometric/anatomic measurement device (197) configured to output biometric/anatomic measurements of the subject eye, and a processing system coupled to the scanning module (615) and the biometric/anatomic measurement device (197) configured to process biometric/anatomic measurements output during a surgical procedure to determine eye status information and to concurrently output eye status information and wavefront tilt information during the surgical procedure.

Description

For operating the apparatus and method of large power range order Wavefront sensor in real time

The cross reference of related application

This application claims the U.S. Provisional Application S/N.61/723 being entitled as " Apparatus and Method forOperating a Real Time Large Diopter Range Sequential Wavefront Sensor (for operating the apparatus and method of large power range order Wavefront sensor in real time) " submitted on November 7th, 2012, the priority of 531.

Invention field

One or more embodiment of the present invention relates generally to the Wavefront sensor be used in vision correction procedure.Particularly, the present invention relates to the electronic device for the data of other sub-component driving, control and process real time sequence Wavefront sensor and be associated with this Wavefront sensor and algorithm.

Background technology

The snapshot that the conventional Wavefront sensor that human eye wavefront characterizes generally is designed to obtain when room lighting is turned down or close patient's eye wavefront perhaps how soon according to.These Wavefront sensors generally use CCD or cmos image sensor to catch wave front data and to need to use the data processing algorithm of relative complex to calculate wave front aberration.Usually have the GTG of limited quantity owing to CCD or cmos image sensor and can not operate with the frame rate far above 1/f noise scope, therefore these Wavefront sensors can not make full use of lock-in detection scheme to provide higher signal to noise ratio.They can not adopt simple algorithm to derive wave front aberration rapidly.As a result, when these Wavefront sensors and Ophthalmologic apparatus (such as operating microscope) integrated time, they can not provide accurately usually/repeatably wave-front optical aberration measurement in real time, especially when microscopical illumination light is opened.

Need not only to realize the apparatus and method that real-time wavefront measurement and display but also solution comprise various problem already mentioned above in this area.

Summary of the invention

It is one or more that one or more embodiment meets in the demand in this area.Particularly, embodiment is with the Electronic Control of the algorithm be associated and software that realize various function and drive circuit together with the data for driving, controlling and process real time sequence Wavefront sensor.

This circuit comprises photoelectron location sensing detector/equipment (PSD) (such as Quadrant photo diode/detector/unit/sensor or transversal effect location sensing detector), transimpedance amplifier, modulus (A/D) transducer, the digital amplifier with programmable gain amplifier, superluminescent diode (SLD or SLED) and drive circuit, wavefront scanning/mobile device and drive circuit thereof and front end data processing unit (such as, processor, microcontroller, PGA, programmable device).In addition, camera is used to provide the live video image of the eyes just therefrom measuring wavefront.In addition, Back end data processing unit to be used to change on live image that the order wave front data from front-end processing unit is superimposed upon patient's eye with display or with the live image Clinical Ophthalmology information side by side of patient's eye.These circuit (front end and/or rear end) can in one way or another kind of mode be electronically linked to the coordinated manipulation of one or more each equipment for each equipment, comprise such as, eyes lateral attitude measurement device, eye distance measurement device, regulate enable eyes fixed target, data storage device, based on the surgical ablation equipment of laser and display device.

In another embodiment, an eye distance measured in real time from wavefront sensor module in the much possible device of such as triangulation and/or low coherence interferometer and/or ultrasound wave and so on is used.Make to be used to decode the eye distance and/or lateral attitude that the refractive error of eyes and/or the algorithm of wave front aberration be adapted to change, and is always used to correctly characterize the wave front aberration from patient's eye with the correct decoding algorithm or calibration data/curve that make eye distance and/or the lateral attitude being applicable to record.

In another embodiment, corneal topography, cornea shape and other ocular bioavailability metering/anatomic parameter is measured together with wavefront measurement, such as anterior chamber depth, nature or intraocular implants body position and shape.Built-in or affixation devices (such as OCT, keratometer, corneal topography instrument system etc.) can be utilized to carry out these measure.The change that can change the ocular bioavailability metering parameter of the result as various factors of the wavefront from eyes is taken into account with for the eyes Offered target dioptric just after vision correction procedure.These factors comprise that topical anesthesia applies, the use for the eye face specula that keeps eyes to open, the otch done in cornea, to expand by solution/gel anterior chamber, otch or the sealing of wound and removing of eye face specula.

In another embodiment, Wavefront sensor comprises: wavefront scan module, and the inclination of wave front being configured to export the wavefront light beam returned from measured's eyes is measured; Biometric/anatomic measurement equipment, is configured to the biometric/anatomic measurement exporting described measured's eyes; And processing system, be coupled to described scan module and described biometric/anatomic measurement equipment, be configured to during operation process, process biometric/anatomic measurement and export to determine eye state information and export eye state information and inclination of wave front information during described operation process simultaneously.

Once consult the following detailed description of preferred embodiment in conjunction with respective drawings, to those skilled in the art, these and other feature of the present invention and advantage will become more apparent.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 shows an example embodiment of the optical arrangement of the large power range real time sequence Wavefront sensor integrated with operating microscope;

Fig. 2 shows an example embodiment of the electronic device connected with the optics of the Wavefront sensor in Fig. 1 with these the possible active equipment being connected to electronic control circuit;

To what there is in wavefront sample area Fig. 3 shows at eyes transverse shifting and do not make corresponding change to wavefront sampling plan in corneal plane.

Even if Fig. 4 shows eyes transverse shifting and how just can compensate the transverse movement of eyes by light beam scanner before DC off-set wave and therefore continue the identical annulus (annular ring) suitably placed in the middle of scanning.

Fig. 5 shows measured wavefront or refractive error when eyes axially move from designed position and what there occurs.

Fig. 6 shows the entire block diagram of an example embodiment of the electronics system of equipment controlling and drive the order Wavefront sensor shown in Fig. 1 and 2 and be associated;

Fig. 7 shows front end electronics processing system and the live image camera that resides in order wavefront sensor module and the block diagram of an example embodiment residing in the backend electronics processing system in the master computer shown in Fig. 6 and display module;

Fig. 8 shows and can be moved in wavefront relaying beam path to create the exemplary internal calibration target of one or more reference wavefront for internal calibration and/or checking.

Fig. 9 A has shown the task of automatic SLD index and digital auto-gain compensative to optimize the embodiment of the electronic device block diagram of signal to noise ratio.

Fig. 9 B shows the quad detectors of light image speckle having and first drop on center and secondly slightly land away from center.

Fig. 9 C shows plane wave front, defocus with the multiple representative situation of the Image Speckle position be associated in astigmatism, quad detectors after sub-wavefront focusing lens and when on a monitor as the sequential movements of corresponding centroid position during 2D data point pattern displaying.

Figure 10 shows and exports optimizing an example process stream block diagram in signal to noise ratio by changing the gain of variable gain amplifier and SLD.

Figure 11 shows and can be used to amplify the example embodiment with the compound transimpedance amplifier of lock-in detection from any one signal in four Quadrant photo diodes as in the location sensing detector circuit being used in Fig. 9;

Figure 12 shows an example embodiment of the combination of conventional transimpedance amplifier and lock detecting circuit;

Figure 13 A show when MEMS scanning mirror be oriented to make when launching SLD pulse, whole wavefront moves down time situation.In this case, the part of aperture sampling at the top of circular wavefront part;

Figure 13 B shows the situation when being moved to the left wavefront when launching SLD pulse to make aperture sample the right of circular wavefront part a part of;

Figure 13 C shows the situation when the wavefront that moves up when launching SLD pulse is to make aperture sample the bottom of circular wavefront part a part of;

Figure 13 D shows the situation when the wavefront that moves right when launching SLD pulse is to make aperture sample the left side of circular wavefront part a part of;

Figure 13 E depicts four detectors putting for utilizing to be periphery to the equivalence of the order scanning sequence of four pulses that often circulate of wavefront part of sampling.

Figure 13 F shows 8 Xs of SLD impulse ejection relative to MEMS scanner and the position of Y-axis, and the X of 4 odd numbers wherein in 8 pulses or even pulse and MEMS scanner and Y-axis are aimed at and midway on other 4 pulses are disposed between X and Y-axis ring;

Figure 14 shows the example wherein by slight delay SLD pulse, initial 4 the SLD impulse ejection positions aimed at X and the Y-axis of wavefront scanner as shown in Figure 13 F being moved 15 ° away from X and Y-axis;

Figure 15 shows with the collective effect of the deviation angle of 30 ° on 15 ° on 0 on the first frame °, the second frame and the 3rd frame sampling wavefront;

Figure 16 shows PSD ratiometer (ratiometric) estimation and an example along the relation determined in theory between the actual barycenter displacement or position of X or Y-axis;

How Figure 17 can perform calibration to obtain the relation revised and to cause the example flow diagram of wave-front optical aberration measurement more accurately if showing explanation;

Figure 18 shows the figure using trigonometric function to express the order ellipse of formula and represents, wherein U (t)=acos (t) and V (t)=bsin (t), a>b>0, causes its mid point (U (t ₀), V (t ₀)) ellipse be rotated counterclockwise in the first quartile of U-V cartesian coordinate;

Figure 19 shows the corresponding figure using trigonometric function to express the similar order ellipse of formula and represents, wherein U (t)=-acos (t), V (t)=-bsin (t), a>b>0, causes its mid point (U (t ₀), V (t ₀)) ellipse be rotated counterclockwise in the third quadrant of U-V cartesian coordinate;

Figure 20 shows the corresponding figure using trigonometric function to express the similar order ellipse of formula and represents, wherein U (t)=acos (t), V (t)=-bsin (t), a>b>0, causes its mid point (U (t ₀), V (t ₀)) ellipse turned clockwise in the fourth quadrant of U-V cartesian coordinate;

Figure 21 shows the corresponding figure using trigonometric function to express the similar order ellipse of formula and represents, wherein U (t)=-acos (t), V (t)=bsin (t), a>b>0, causes its mid point (U (t ₀), V (t ₀)) ellipse turned clockwise in the second quadrant of U-V cartesian coordinate;

Figure 22 shows the data point position of order barycenter data point and the gained of expecting from the spheric wave front of dispersing and the example of polarity;

Figure 23 shows the order barycenter data point and the data point position of gained and another example of polarity of expecting from the spheric wave front assembled;

Figure 24 show from original X-Y coordinate to through translation Xtr-Ytr coordinate and rotated further to by matching to the cartesian coordinate translation of the U-V coordinate of the barycenter data point of oval 8 sequential samplings of order and rotation.

Figure 25 shows 8 barycenter data points on the result of Rotating Transition of Coordinate and U-V coordinate, wherein left side corresponding to have positive major axis and minor axis the spheric wave front of dispersing and wherein right side corresponding to the spheric wave front of convergence with negative major axis and minor axis;

Figure 26 shows the process chart of an example embodiment in decoding sphere and cylindricalical angle value and cylinder shaft angle;

Figure 27 shows the example process flow figure of eye-tracking algorithms;

Figure 28 shows and illustrates that the live eye image of use is to determine maximum wavefront sampling circle diameter and to obtain the example process flow figure of the concept that better diopter resolution is measured for pseudo-crystalline lens;

Figure 29 shows and illustrates that using live eye image and/or wavefront sensor signal to detect the existence of the unexpected object in wavefront relaying beam path or eyes leaves to make to close SLD and the example process flow figure of the concept of " bright " of discardable mistake or " secretly " wave front data from the position range expected;

Describe in detail

Present general is in detail referring to various embodiments of the present invention.The example of these embodiments is shown in the accompanying drawings.Although the present invention will be described in conjunction with these embodiments, will be understood that and be not intended to limit the present invention in any embodiment.On the contrary, be intended to covering can be included in as the selection in the spirit and scope of the invention of claims definition, amendment and equivalence.In the following description, numerous detail is set forth to provide the thorough understanding to each embodiment.But, when do not have in these specific detail some or all, also can implement the present invention.Under other example, well-known process operation is not described in detail in order to avoid unnecessarily obscure the present invention or apply restriction to the present invention.Further, in the description everywhere occur that phrase " example embodiment " might not relate to identical example embodiment each time.

In the exemplary wavefront sensor of the wave front aberration for measuring human eye, wavefront from eye pupil or corneal plane is relayed to the wavefront sensing that uses known 4-F relaying principle one or many or sample plane usually (see such as, the people such as J.Liang (1994) " Objective measurement of thewave aberrations of the human eye with the use of a Hartmann-Shack wave-frontsensor (utilizing Hartmann-Shack Wavefront sensor to measure the object lens of the wave aberration of human eye) ", J.Opt.Soc.Am.A 11, 1949-1957, the people such as J.J.Widiker (2006) " High-speed Shack-Hartmannwavefront sensor design with commercial off-the-shelf optics (there is the high speed Shack-Hartmann Wavefront sensor design of the ready-made optics of business) ", Applied Optics (Application Optics), 45 (2), 383-395, US7654672).This single or multiple 4-F relay system by preserve the phase information of incident wavefront allow simultaneously its by then unharmful propagation effect.In addition, use two lens with different focal to realize the afocal imaging system of 4-F relaying by configuration, relaying can allow the zooming in or out of the incident wavefront reducing or amplify be associated of dispersing or assembling along with incident wavefront (see such as, J.W.Goodman, Introduction to Fourier Optics (Fourier Optics introduction), the second edition, McGraw-Hill, 1996).

In recent years, have recognized that need real-time Wavefront sensor for such as LRI/AK become more meticulous, the various vision correction procedure of laser enhancing and cataract/refractive surgery and so on provide live feedback.For these processes, have recognized that to any interference of normal operation technique be less desirable, especially the closedown of the illumination light of operating microscope and the latent period of wave front data seizure and process.Surgeon wishes that Real-time Feedback is provided to them along with vision correction procedure normally performs.In addition, most of surgeon also likes the real-time wavefront measurements shown continuously to be synchronized and is added on the real-time video display/film of eyes or is close to this real-time video display/film showing side by side, wavefront measurements that is that wherein in qualitative/quantitative mode that is qualitative or quantitative or combination, superposition is shown or that show side by side.Another subject matter be measuring wavefront in real time while during vision correcting surgery process eyes relative to the motion of Wavefront sensor.Previous Wavefront sensor is not provided for the device compensating eye motion; On the contrary, they need eyes and Wavefront sensor again to aim at for significant wavefront measurement.

Be transferred to this patent application same assignee common pending trial patent application (US20120026466) in, disclosed the specific large power range order Wavefront sensor being applicable to solve the problem met with during vision correction procedure.Although disclosed the details of a lot of optical design/configuration possibility in the patent application of this common pending trial, but the electronic device for operating this large power range order Wavefront sensor controls and date processing details is not yet disclosed.The additional measurement capability of different sub-component is not yet discussed in detail.In the disclosure, disclose electronic device for realizing various function to control and driving aspect and the various features of algorithm that are associated.

According to one or more embodiment of the present invention, disclose the lock-in detection electronics system be associated with Some Related Algorithms for realizing high accuracy wavefront measurement.This electronics system obtains its electronic signal from photoelectron location sensing equipment/detector; It utilizes compound transimpedance amplifier amplified analog signal, via A/D converter this analogue signal is converted to digital signal, amplify this digital signal via digital amplifier and via data processing unit process data.Those some or all electronically in active equipment that this electronics system is connected to wavefront sensor module are to realize different functions.The input equipment that example in these active equipments comprises light source for generating the such as superluminescent diode (SLD) before wanting measured object wave and so on, SLD light beam focuses on and/or the wavefront scanning/mobile device of manipulation module, such as MEMS scanning mirror and so on, eye pupil lateral attitude and distance sensing/measurement device, eyes fixed target, each zoom active lens, one or more date processing and memory device, terminal use enable and display device.

Fig. 1 shows an example embodiment of the optical arrangement of the large power range real time sequence Wavefront sensor integrated with operating microscope and the electronic device that the Wavefront sensor that Fig. 2 shows the Fig. 1 with these the possible active equipment being connected to electronics system configures is connected version.

In the embodiment of Fig. 1 and 2, the first lens 104/204 of 8-F wavefront relaying are disposed in the first optical input ports place of wavefront sensor module.First lens 104/204 by operating microscope and wavefront sensor module share.These first lens 104/204 of 8-F wavefront relaying are arranged to be that focal length designed by these first lens can be the shortest according to the requirement of 8-F wavefront relaying and the overall optical path length of Wavefront sensor therefore can be made the shortest near the benefit of patient's eye as far as possible.The folding combination of this and wavefront relaying beam path can make wavefront sensor module compact.In addition, time when the lens with same diameter but compared with the further downstream being disposed in beam path, the large diopter measurement scope of the wavefront from eyes can be realized.In addition, owing to needing Wavefront sensor to have optical window in this position always, therefore these lens can be used as the dual purpose of wavefront relay system and microscopical window and the first lens.But, after it should be noted that the first lens 104/204 also can be disposed in dichroic or short logical beam splitter 161/261.

The remainder being used to reflect with relaying light beam before high efficiency nearly infrared waves (covering at least spectral region of superluminescent diode or SLD 172/272)/deflect into wavefront sensor module as dichroic shown in fig 1 and 2 or short logical beam splitter 161/261 allows major part (such as ~ 85%) visible ray to pass simultaneously.Dichroic or short logical beam splitter 161/261 can be designed to allow a part for the visible and/or near infrared light reflecting/deflect outside SLD spectral limit to make to be caught by imageing sensor 162/262 the clearly live image of the leading portion (anterior) of patient's eye equally.

Offset lens 102/202 above dichroic or short logical beam splitter 161/261 is used to realize some functions.First, guarantee to be formed by operating microscope and to present to surgical operation view not influenced because of the use of the first lens 104/204 of 8-F wavefront relaying, this offset lens 102/202 can be designed to the impact of compensation first lens 104/204 on microscopical view.The second, offset lens 102/202 can be used as the upper optical window that can need for sealing wavefront sensor module.3rd function of offset lens 102/202 guides illuminating bundle from operating microscope away from optical axis to make when illuminating bundle hits lens 104/204, is back in the three-dimensional viewing path of two of operating microscope from the direct reflection of lens 104/204 is not directed to disturb surgeon to the viewing of surgical scene.Finally, also can coated compensate lens 102/202 only to allow visible spectrum to propagate through and to reflect and/or absorb near-infrared and ultraviolet spectra.In this way, correspond to and can not drop on to create the near-infrared bias light that any eyes return on patient's eye from the near infrared spectrum part of the light of the SLD spectrum in microscope illumination source, this near-infrared bias light can enter wavefront sensor module to make the saturated or background noise of location sensing equipment/detector.Meanwhile, any ultraviolet light from microscopical light source also can be refused or absorb to this coating.But, it should be noted that if after the first lens are disposed in dichroic or short logical beam splitter 161/261, then will not need offset lens and the window with specific wavelength filtering function will be enough.

In fig 1 and 2, the wavefront from eyes is relayed to the wavefront sampling in the downstream arranging wavefront sampled aperture 118/218 part as plane 8-F.Use the 4-F Relay of two cascades or a 8-F wavefront relaying to complete wavefront relaying, they are except the first lens 104/204, also comprise the second lens 116/216, the 3rd lens 140/240 and the 4th lens 142/242.Wavefront relaying beam path is folded to make wavefront sensor module compact by polarization beam apparatus (PBS) 174/274, mirror 152/252 and MEMS beam flying/movement/deflecting mirror 112/212.Along wavefront relaying beam path, band filter 176/276 can be disposed in dichroic or between short logical beam splitter 161/261 and quad detectors 122/222 Anywhere to filter out any light outside SLD spectrum to reduce background noise.In addition, aperture 1,77/,277 first Fourier transform plane that can be disposed between PBS 174/274 and mirror 152/252 is sentenced and is played the coning angle of the light from eyes and be therefore restricted to the function of the scope of expectation from the diopter measurement scope of the wavefront of eyes and prevent from light from dropping on being arranged on outside the mirror sections of the MEMS scanner 112/212 at the second Fourier transform plane place.

The second Fourier transform plane that MEMS scanning mirror 112/212 is arranged on 8-F wavefront relaying sentence angularly scanning object beam so that make can be laterally mobile at the wavefront through relaying of final wavefront as plane place relative to wavefront sampled aperture 118/218.Wavefront sampled aperture 118/218 can be fixed dimension or active variable aperture.Sub-wavefront focusing lens 120/220 after aperture 118/218 by the wavelet prefocusing of sequential sampling on position sensor device/detector (PSD) 122/222 (such as quad detectors/sensor or transversal effect location sensing detector).It should be noted that this electronics system can at least be connected to SLD 172/272, wavefront moves MEMS scanning mirror 112/212 and PSD 122/222 synchronously to make SLD pulse, scanning MEMS mirror the signal collected from PSD thus make to realize lock-in detection.

Now, although it should be noted that the first lens of wavefront relaying are in fig 1 and 2 disposed in wavefront sensor module or fenced input port position, but this is optional.After first lens 104/204 can be disposed in dichroic or short logical beam splitter 161/261 and glass window can be disposed in input port position.Therefore, the remainder of wavefront relaying can be redesigned and the optical function can revising offset lens or window 102/202 is presented to surgeon with the micro-image guaranteed.

Except folding wavefront relaying beam path, show three more beam paths in fig 1 and 2, one for eye imaging, one for fixed target is guided to eyes and one be used for superluminescent diode (SLD) beam emissions to carry the wavefront relaying light beam from eyes of ocular wavefront information to eyes for creating.

Imaging beamsplitter 160/260 via lens or battery of lens 168/268 by return from eyes and at least some in the imaging reflected by dichroic or short logical beam splitter 161/261 guides to imageing sensor 162/262, such as 2D pel array CCD/CMOS sensor.Imageing sensor 162/262 can be connected to black/white or the color cmos/ccd image sensor of electronics system.Imageing sensor 162/262 provides the coplanar video of measured (subject) eyes or still image and the leading portion that can be focused into eyes or back segment (posterior) imaging.Further, the image of the fixed target 164/264 formed by lens or battery of lens 170/270 is guided to patient's eye along reverse path together with the first lens 104/204 by fixing/imaging beamsplitter 166/266.Lens 168/268 before imageing sensor 162/262 can be designed to cooperate with the first lens 104/204 and think that the leading portion of patient's eye on display (not illustrating in fig 1 and 2) or the live image of back segment provide the optical amplifier of expectation and be used to manually or automatically focus (if necessary) to guarantee that image sensor plane and such as eye pupil planar conjugate are to make to obtain clearly eye pupil image.In automatic focus situation, lens 168/268 need to be connected to electronics system.

Lens 170/270 before fixed target 164/264 can be designed to the comfortable fixed target providing just size and brightness to patient's eye.It also can be used to focusing with the retina conjugation guaranteeing fixed target and eyes, or eyes is fixed on different distance, orientation place or even makes eyes fuzzy.When doing like this, need to make lens 170/270 for active and lens 170/270 are connected to electronics system.Fixed light source 164/264 can drive with expectation, the speed that itself and the lighting area of such as operating microscope separate to be glistened or glimmered by electronics system.The color of fixed light source 164/264 can change equally.Fixed target can be micro-display, the pattern wherein shown by it or speckle variable with the expectation of surgeon/clinician.In addition, the fixed target based on micro-display also can be used to guide patient fixation to sentence at different directions and makes to measure and generate the ocular aberrations figure of 2D array, and the ocular aberrations figure of this 2D array can be used to the visual acuity of the peripheral vision of assess patient.

Fixed target 164/264 can be red green or yellow (or any color) light emitting diode (LED), and its Output optical power dynamically can be controlled based on different background illuminations by electronics system.Such as, when the relatively strong illuminating bundle from operating microscope is opened, the brightness that can increase fixed light source 164/264 is to make patient easily can find fixed target and fixed thereon.Variable diaphragm or aperture (not shown in Fig. 1 or Fig. 2) also can be disposed in before lens 168/268 and to be connected to electronics system with the depth of field of the live image of the leading portion or back segment that control eyes before imageing sensor.By dynamically changing aperture size, can control the degree of the vague intensity of the eye image when eyes axially move away from designed distance, and the relation between the vague intensity of the eye image relevant with diaphragm or aperture size and eyes axial location can be used as the signal of the axial distance for determining eyes.As an alternative, also eye distance is measured by well-known means (such as based on the triangulation of the Image Speckle position of the cornea scattering/reflection of one or more near-infrared light source).Also can adopt as below by disclosed based on low coherence interference measure method eye distance measure.

One circle or multi-turn LED (or array) (135/235) can be arranged to be centered around the surrounding of the fenced input port of wavefront to play multiple function.A function is that the light providing the floodlight within the scope of wavelength spectrum (flood) illumination light to return with the eyes made in this spectrum simply can arrive imageing sensor (162/262).In this way, if if the illumination from operating microscope or the illumination light from operating microscope have not been filtered into and only allow visible ray to arrive eyes, then as by imageing sensor (162/262) the contrast of eye image that catches can be held in the scope of expectation.As an example, imageing sensor is monochromatic UI-1542LE-M, and it is the extremely compact board level camera with 1.3 million pixel resolutions (1280x1024 pixel).NIR band filter can be set along image path and will arrive imageing sensor to maintain the contrast of the relative constancy of live eye image to make only flood lighting light.

Second function of LED (135/235) creates the mirrored images speckle returned from the optical interface of cornea and/or eye lens shape (natural or artificial) to be caught by imageing sensor (162/262) to make the Purkinje image of LED (135/235).By the image procossing of these Purkinje images, the lateral attitude of patient's eye can be determined.In addition, the top of cornea and/or crystalline lens (natural or artificial) and/or lower surface profile or topography can be calculated with the identical mode that corneal topography instrument system and/or keratometer/keratoscope do.This information obtained can be used to determine change or more even other ocular bioavailability metering/anatomic parameter of cornea shape.Targeted during measured change can be used to be arranged on refractive surgery subsequently or just after refractive surgery or the dioptric of expection are to make when the otch done in the cornea at eyes or wound heal completely, and the final dioptric of eyes will be as required.

3rd function of LED (135/235) can be that some of them selectively are opened and project to create hot spot on the white of the eye, and these hot spots can be caught to realize using the eye distance of optical triangulation principle to measure by imageing sensor (162/262).The change of the centroid position of the hot spot of imaging can be processed to calculate eye distance.

Except providing live eye pupil/iris or cornea image and to except the imaging of flood lighting effect, image sensor signal also can be used to other object.Such as, live image can be used to detect the lateral attitude from the size of the first lens (104/204), distance and eye pupil.When finding that the size of pupil is less, can correspondingly reduce wavefront sample area.In other words, for each pupil size, pupil size information can be used in a closed loop manner wavefront sensing region automatically and/or dynamic adjustments and/or convergent-divergent.

An embodiment of the present disclosure is the rectification of wavefront measurement error of the result as the eye position change within the scope of ad-hoc location.This rectification can be applied to both the change of eyes lateral attitude and the change of eyes axial location.In one embodiment, when find eyes or pupil very well (namely aiming at very well relative to the optical axis of Wavefront sensor) placed in the middle time, eyes or pupil determined relative to the amount of the transverse movement of wavefront sensor module and be used to correct by by this eyes or pupil position transverse movement the wavefront error recorded introduced or regulate the drive singal of wavefront sampled scan instrument to be always sampled to make the same area on cornea.

Live eye image or other means can be used to determine the lateral attitude of eyes or pupil.Such as, limbus of corneae can be eyes and provides reference wherein; Border between pupil and iris also can be eyes and provides reference wherein.In addition, as bright hot spot catch by live eyes camera or the flood lighting light of the direct reflection from anterior surface of cornea that detects by additional position sensing detector the information of the lateral attitude provided about eyes also can be provided.In addition, from the SLD light of the direct reflection of anterior surface of cornea also can be used as bright hot spot catch by live eyes camera or detect by additional position sensing detector to determine the lateral attitude of eyes.Also can scan SLD light beam to search for the strongest corneal vertex direct reflection and to determine eyes lateral attitude in two dimensions.

To what there is in wavefront sample area Fig. 3 shows at eyes transverse shifting and do not make corresponding change to wavefront sampling plan in corneal plane.Assuming that SLD light beam and Wavefront sensor light shaft coaxle and be fixed in space relative to Wavefront sensor optical axis and Wavefront sensor at the radial direction of the optical axis relative to the Wavefront sensor in corneal plane or rotational symmetric annulus surrounding sample.When good alignment eyes, SLD light beam 302 enters eyes by by the summit of cornea and the center of pupil, drops on the retina near amphiblestroid fovea centralis.Therefore, as shown in the annulus 304 by cross-sectional angle membrane plane view on the right, by relative to returned wavefront of sampling in the summit of cornea or the center of eye pupil radial direction placed in the middle or rotational symmetric annulus.If present imagination eyes laterally move down relative to SLD light beam and Wavefront sensor.Then off-center is entered eyes by SLD light beam 312 now, but still drops on the retina near amphiblestroid fovea centralis, although depend on the aberration of eyes, accurate location may be slightly different.Because wavefront sample area is fixing relative to SLD light beam, therefore, as shown in the annulus 314 by cross-sectional angle membrane plane view on the right, in corneal plane, the annulus of sampling will move up relative to the summit of cornea or the center of eye pupil.Therefore this non-static fields or the sampling of rotation asymmetry wavefront will cause wavefront measurement error.In an embodiment of the present disclosure, utilize the information of the lateral attitude about eyes or pupil, use software and date processing to correct wavefront measurement error.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, utilize the information of the lateral attitude about eyes or pupil, SLD light beam can be scanned to follow or to follow the tracks of eyes or pupil always will enter cornea with the PSD such as preventing the SLD light beam of the direct reflection returned by cornea from entering Wavefront sensor from the identical corneal position (such as departing from the position on the summit of cornea a little) according to design to make SLD light beam.Live eye image also can be used to determine the existence of eyes and correspondingly open or close SLD/ Wave-front measurement system.Always eyes are entered at the corneal position place expected and as the result of eyes transverse movement (in particular eye range of movement) not partially or even wholly by iris blocks, the back focal plane place that can be placed in relay lens 104/204 before first wave for the scanning mirror 180/280 scanning SLD light beam as shown in figs. 1 and 2 in order to ensure SLD light beam.In this case, the angle sweep of scanning mirror 180/280 transversal scanning that will SLD light beam be caused relative to corneal plane.The imageing sensor or other eyes lateral attitude checkout gear that catch the live image of eyes can be used to calculate the lateral attitude of eye center and provide feedback signal can follow eye motion to drive scanning mirror 180/280 to make SLD light beam or follow the tracks of eyes.

In another embodiment of the present disclosure, suitable DC skew is utilized to drive wavefront light beam scanner 112/212 to allow to follow eyes transverse movement or follow the tracks of eyes to make always to complete wavefront sampling in the same area of eye pupil.Such as, radially or on rotational symmetric annulus sampling can be completed relative to eye pupil.In order to how can look at this, let us recalls the second Fourier transform plane place that wavefront light beam scanner is positioned at 8-F wavefront link deployment.When eyes transverse shifting, at 4-F wavefront as plane place, depend on the focal distance ratio of the first and second lens, the image of wavefront is equally by with proportional optical amplifier or reduce transverse shifting.If wavefront light beam scanner does not do any scanning and do not have DC to offset, then, when being relayed to final wavefront sampling further as plane as the wavefront of the transverse shifting at plane place before this intermediate wave, it is transverse shift relative to sampled aperture equally.As a result, when wavefront light beam scanner does angle rotation sweep.As shown in by the lower part of Fig. 3, the annulus of the effective scanning in corneal plane is by Shi Qu center.

Even if Fig. 4 shows eyes transverse shifting, how by light beam scanner before DC off-set wave, the transverse movement of eyes can be compensated and therefore continue the identical annulus suitably placed in the middle of scanning.As seen in Figure 4, when there is the transverse movement of eyes, off-center is entered eyes and as will by the wavefront at corneal plane place of the object of 8-F relaying relaying equally from axle by SLD light beam 448.The DC skew of wavefront light beam scanner is there is not and if therefore middle wavefront image 402 is transverse shift, not in the scanning of the second Fourier transformation as the wavefront light beam at plane place, then in the middle of, wavefront image also will be relayed to final wavefront sample plane as the wavefront image 432 of transverse shift.In this case, if wavefront light beam scanner is with the form rotated relative to the round angle of zero DC deviation angle scanning, then as shown in by annulus 444, the wavefront of sampling is subsequently relative to the annulus that the center of eyes will be non-static fields or rotation asymmetry.But, if offset as the wavefront light beam scanner 462 shown on the right side of Fig. 4 has a certain DC that the lateral displacement based on eyes suitably determines, then when being relayed to the sampling of final wavefront as plane, final wavefront image 482 can be laterally shifted with relative to wavefront sampled aperture 458 by again (re-centered) placed in the middle.In this case, SLD light beam 498 will enter eyes to off-center, as will by the wavefront at corneal plane place of the object of 8-F relaying relaying through first, second, and third lens time from axle, but after wavefront scanner, this relaying is corrected by wavefront scanner and is on axle now.Therefore, wavefront light beam scanner relative to the further angle rotation sweep of this DC deviation angle by the sampling of the radial direction that causes relative to eye center or rotational symmetric annulus 494.

An embodiment of the present disclosure be therefore in response to the eyes can determined by live eyes camera or other device transverse movement and before control wave scanner DC skew.Give the credit to along wavefront relay route, wavefront imaging is this fact completed not on axle but from axle along some in image path, therefore can there is other optical aberration of introducing, comprise such as coma and column (prismatic).These additional aberrations introduced as the result from axle wavefront relaying process by calibrating and can be counted as the intrinsic aberration that there is optical imagery or relay system and calibration and date processing therefore can be used to deduct.

In another embodiment of the present disclosure, when finding that eyes are not positioned axially between in the distance designed apart from the object plane of Wavefront sensor, determine that eyes are relative to the amount of the axial displacement of designed axial location and this information is used to the wavefront error recorded that will be introduced by this eyes axially-movable of correction.Fig. 5 shows measured wavefront or refractive error when eyes axially move from designed position and what there occurs.

On the left column of Fig. 5, show three emmetropiaes, wherein one 504 of top Wavefront sensor moves further away from each other, one the 506 middle axial positions in the design of Wavefront sensor and one 508 of bottom moves towards Wavefront sensor.As visible, due to the wavefront that occurs in from then on emmetropia at the object plane 502 of design (from the object plane 502 of this design, wavefront will be relayed to final wavefront sample plane) place is plane, thus for these three kinds of situations, wavefront 514,516 and 518 is all plane.Therefore, when eyes be face time, if eyes are axially displaced a little from designed position, then wavefront measurements is by unaffected.

But, if as being illustrated as thicker by the crystalline lens (525,527,529) of wherein eyes and eyes (524,526,528) are also plotted as shown in the middle column of longer Fig. 5, eyes are near-sighted, then the wavefront occurred from eyes will be assembled to point (535,537,539) and be determined by the distance from the corneal plane of eyes to convergent point in the dioptric value of the wavefront of corneal plane.In this case, if as shown in by the top example of middle column, eyes are moved into Wavefront sensor a little further away from each other, then not identical with the wavefront at the corneal plane place at eyes at the wavefront at object plane 522 place of Wavefront sensor.In fact, the radius of curvature of the convergence of the wavefront at the object plane place of Wavefront sensor is less than the radius of curvature of the convergence of the wavefront at corneal plane place.Therefore, when this wavefront 534 at the object plane place at Wavefront sensor is measured by Wavefront sensor, the wavefront 536 that measured result will be different from corneal plane place, because the radius of curvature of wavefront 534 is less than the radius of curvature of wavefront 536.On the other hand, if as shown in by the bottom example of middle column, eyes are moved into closer to towards Wavefront sensor, then the wavefront 538 at object plane 522 place of Wavefront sensor is again not identical with the wavefront 536 at the corneal plane place at eyes.In fact, the wavefront 536 at corneal plane place is greater than now in the radius of curvature of the wavefront 538 at the object plane place of Wavefront sensor.As a result, the wavefront result that the wavefront result measured by wavefront object plane place will be different from measured by the corneal plane place of eyes again.

When to be such as removed by the crystalline lens of wherein eyes and eyes (544,546,548) are plotted as equally and are shorter than normally with shown in the right row of simulating Fig. 5 of short aphakic eye, when eyes are hypermetropias, the wavefront occurred from eyes by be disperse and by the divergent rays that extends back, the virtual focus point (555,557,559) that light therefrom originates from can be found.The hyperopic refractive value of the wavefront at corneal plane place determined by the distance from the corneal plane of eyes to virtual focus point.In this case, if as shown in by the top example of right row, eyes are moved into Wavefront sensor further away from each other, then the wavefront 554 at object plane 542 place of Wavefront sensor is again not identical with the wavefront 556 at the corneal plane place at eyes.In fact, the radius of curvature of dispersing of the wavefront 556 at corneal plane place is greater than now in the radius of curvature of dispersing of the wavefront 554 at the object plane place of Wavefront sensor.Therefore, when this wavefront 554 at the object plane place at Wavefront sensor is measured by Wavefront sensor, the wavefront 556 that measured result will be different from again at corneal plane place.On the other hand, if as shown in the bottom example by right row, eyes are moved into closer to towards Wavefront sensor, then will be different from the wavefront 556 at the corneal plane place at eyes at the wavefront 538 at object plane 542 place of Wavefront sensor.In fact, at the wavefront 556 that the radius of curvature of the wavefront 558 dispersed at the object plane place of Wavefront sensor will be less than at corneal plane place now.As a result, the wavefront result that the wavefront result measured by wavefront object plane place will be different from measured by the corneal plane place of eyes again.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, combine the real-time clock of the axial location for detecting the lower eyes of test and in real time, the information of the amount of moving relative to the axle of the object plane of wavefront sensor module about eyes is used to correction by the wavefront error measured by being introduced by this eyes axially-movable.As will be discussed later, eyes axial location measurement means comprises as well-known optical triangulation and optics low coherence interference measure method to those skilled in the art.Can calibrate to determine that the true wave front aberration of the axial location of eyes and eyes is to the relation between the wave front aberration of the object plane of the Wavefront sensor such as measured by Wavefront sensor.Look-up table can be established and subsequently by real time for correcting wavefront measurement error.When cataract operation, when reducing completely, operating microscope can be presented on about to surgeon usually ± axial range of the magnitude of 2.5mm in the view aligning focusing (sharp-focused) of patient's eye.Therefore, when surgeon focuses on patient's eye under operating microscope, the change of the axial location of patient's eye should in the scope of about ± 2.5mm.Therefore, can calibrate in such scope and look-up table can be set up equally in such scope.

In an example embodiment of the present disclosure, when discovery eyes are filled with water/solution, or there is optics bubble, or eyelid is arranged in light path, or skin of face or surgical hands or operation tool or instrument are when being arranged in the visual field of imageing sensor and partially or even wholly stopping wavefront relaying beam path, discardable/filter wave front data with gets rid of " secretly " or " bright " data and while can close SLD 172/272.In another example embodiment of the present disclosure, whether Wavefront sensor is used to calculate eyes dry and the prompting being form with video or audio signal can be sent to surgeon or clinician when to rinse eyes to remind him/her.And it is be in Phakic or aphakia or pseudo-crystalline lens state and correspondingly, only can open SLD pulse during the cycle needed that the signal from imageing sensor 162/262 also can be used to identified patient's eyes.These methods can reduce patient to the overall exposing time of SLD light beam and therefore allow possibly higher peak power or longer continue in (on-duration) SLD pulse to be used to increase wavefront measurement signal to noise ratio.In addition, can by an algorithm application in the eye image of gained with the effective vague intensity by gained image and/or determine the optimum distance of eyes with trigdatum cooperation.

In fig 1 and 2, large-sized polarization beam apparatus (PBS) 174/274 is used to SLD beam emissions to patient's eye.The reason of large window size is used to be guarantee that the wavefront relaying light beam from eyes in the large diopter measurement scope expected is not partly but is intercepted by PBS 174/274 deviously.In the exemplary embodiment, from the light beam of SLD 172/272 be preferably p polarization to make light beam substantially be conveyed through PBS 174/274 and to be launched into eyes for establishment eyes wavefront.Can preform or handle SLD light beam to make when light beam enters eyes at corneal plane place, its at corneal plane place can be collimation or focus on or (divergently or with assembling) that part defocuses.When SLD light beam as relatively little hot spot or some expansion hot spot fall on the retina time, it is by scattering in relatively large angle range and the light beam returned therefore generated will have original polarization and cross-polarization.As known to the skilled person, for the application of ophthalmology Wavefront sensor, only the orthogonal polarization components of wavefront relaying light beam is used to eyes wavefront measurement.This is because in original polarization direction, exist from cornea the SLD light relatively by force reflected and error can be incorporated into the crystalline lens of the eyes of wavefront measurement.So another function of large PBS 174/274 only allows the wavefront relaying light beam of cross-polarization to be reflected by PBS 174/274 and propagates through PBS 174/274 by guiding to the light wave returned of its original orientation polarization and absorbed or be used for other object, such as monitor the direct reflection whether existing and got back to the SLD light beam in wavefront sensor module by cornea or crystalline lens.

In fig 1 and 2, band filter 176/276 is disposed in wavefront relaying beam path to refuse any visible ray and/or environmental background light and the wavefront relaying Shu Guang of the relatively narrow spectrum of the expectation only allowing SLD to generate enters the remainder of wavefront sensor module.

Except SLD light beam can be scanned to follow except this fact of eyes transverse movement, also can utilize and control to scan SLD light beam with in the little scanning area fallen on the retina from electronics system, this electronics system comprises front end electronics processor and master computer.In an example embodiment, always eyes are entered at the corneal position place expected and as the result of eye motion (in particular eye range of movement) not partially or even wholly by iris blocks, the back focal plane place that can be placed in relay lens 104/204 before first wave for the scanning mirror 180/280 scanning SLD light beam as shown in figs. 1 and 2 in order to ensure SLD light beam.In this case, the transversal scanning that the angle sweep of scanning mirror 180/280 will cause SLD light beam relative to corneal plane, if but eyes face, then still allow SLD light beam to drop on identical retinal location.The imageing sensor of live image catching eye pupil can be used to calculate the lateral attitude at eye pupil center and provide feedback signal to drive scanning mirror 180/280 and to make SLD light beam can follow eye motion or tracking eyes.

In an example embodiment, scan around the zonule fallen on the retina to make SLD light beam and around this zonule, as shown in figs. 1 and 2, another scanning mirror 182/282 can be oriented to conjugate to the corneal plane handling the back focus place of lens 184/284 at SLD beam shape.Another lens 186/286 can be used to the SLD light beam from the such as output port of single-mode fiber (such as protecting (PM) single-mode fiber partially) 188/288 to focus on or collimate or be formed on scanning mirror 182/282.The scanning of the SLD light beam on zonule on the retina can provide some benefits; One is reduce the mottled effect caused by make SLD light beam always drop on situation that on identical retinal flecks region, especially this spot size is very little; Another benefit in bigger retinal area, shifts (divert) luminous energy can be transmitted to eyes to increase the signal to noise ratio of optical wavefront measurement to make higher peak power or longer lasting middle pulse SLD light beam; And another benefit makes wavefront measurement can be averaged to make in bigger retinal area on average or can detect and/or quantize the wavefront measurement error that caused by retina landform heterogeneity.As an alternative, by using lens 186/286 (or 184/284) carry out the focusing of control SLD light beam and defocus, SLD beam spot size on retina can also be controlled to realize similar purpose.

It should be noted that can independently, side by side perform and synchronization SLD light beam relative to cornea and amphiblestroid scanning.In other words, can independent of each other but simultaneously activating two SLD light beam scanners 180/280 and 182/282.In addition, the laser beam that it should be noted that as external coat light beam (not illustrating in fig 1 and 2) can combine with SLD light beam and by same optical fiber or be delivered to eyes by another free space beam combiner and carve for the refractive surgery (such as limbus of corneae loosen otomy (LRI)) or other cornea performing eyes to make to scan external coat laser beam to be delivered to the identical scanner (multiple) of SLD light beam or other scanner.SLD and external coat laser instrument can have different wavelength and use and combine based on the Wave division multiplexing bonder of optical fiber or free space dichroic beam combiner.

When calibration/verification will be carried out, internal calibration target 199/299 can be moved in wavefront relaying beam path.When internal calibration target is moved in place, SLD light beam can be directed into wavefront relaying optical beam path journal axle coaxial.Calibration target can be made up of a material, this material by be similar to eye retina and have possibility some expect decay mode scattered light with reference wavefront can be generated and by order Wavefront sensor measure for calibration/verification object.The reference wavefront generated can be wavefront or the typical aphakia wavefront of intimate plane or dispersing of degree is dispersed/assembled to any other or before convergent wave.

Although for eyes wavefront measurement, only use and there is the light beam returned from retina of cross-polarization, but to it is not intended those light waves that the crystalline lens from cornea, eyes with original polarization and retina return be useless.On the contrary, these light waves returned with original polarization can provide very useful information.Fig. 1 and 2 shows that light wave that the eyes with original polarization return can be used to apart from the position (that is, effective lens position) of crystalline lens (naturally or implant) in eyes of the eye distance of wavefront sensor module, eyes, the measurement of anterior chamber depth, eye-length and other eyes leading portion and/or back segment biometric or anatomic parameter.In fig 1 and 2, the Low coherence fibre optic interferometer measuring method (OLCI) or optical coherence tomography (OCT) as being typically used to optics low coherence interference is utilized to collect the light wave returned through PBS174/274.SLD output optical fibre 188/288 can be single mode (SM) (and protect partially (PM) (if desired)) and can be connected to normal single mode (SM) optical fiber (or protecting (PM) single-mode fiber partially) bonder to make a part for SLD light be sent to Wavefront sensor and another part of SLD light is sent to reference arm 192/292.The optical path length of reference arm can be roughly matched to the optical path length of the optical path length corresponding to the light wave returned from eyes.The light wave returned from the different piece of eyes can be made to reconfigure to cause optics low coherence interference at fiber coupler 190/290 and the reference light wave returned by reference to fiber arm 192/292.As shown in figs. 1 and 2, this interference signal can be detected by detector 194/294.Optical fiber and fiber coupler be combined to form biometric-anatomic measurement equipment 197.Although note in fig 1 and 2, same fiber coupler 190/290 is used to divide in the optical interdferometer configuration of Michelson (Michelson) type and reconfigure light wave, but other well-known fibre optic interferometer configuration can be used equally, example is the Mach-Zehnder type configuration that the light wave using the fiber circulators in wherein sample arm sample arm to be returned guides to two fiber couplers reconfiguring fiber coupler effectively.

Various OLCI/OCT can be adopted to configure and detection scheme, comprise spectral domain, swept light source, time domain and balance detection.In order to keep wavefront sensor module (being attached to such as operating microscope or slit lamp biomicroscope) compact, detection module 194/294, reference arm 192/292 (comprise reference mirror and add fiber optic loop) and even SLD 172/272 and fiber coupler 190/290 can be positioned at Wavefront sensor fenced outside.The reason done like this is that detection module 194/294 and/or reference arm 192/292 and/or SLD source 172/272 depend on that the scheme being used to OLCI/OCT operation can be huge.Electronic device for operating OLCI/OCT sub-component can be positioned at the fenced or Wavefront sensor of Wavefront sensor fenced outside.Such as, when as in US7815310 discuss employing balance detection scheme time, may need in SLD fiber arm in conjunction with fiber circulators (not shown).When employed, territory is detected, reference arm 192/292 may need to comprise optical path length scanner or rapid scanning optical delay line (not shown), and it needs to control by electronic device.When adopting spectral domain detection scheme, detection module may need to comprise spectrogrph and line scan camera (not shown), and it needs to control by electronic device.When adopting swept light source detection scheme, light source may need to comprise length scanning instrument (not shown), and it needs to control by electronic device.

In an example embodiment, in order to ensure collecting relatively strong OLCI/OCT signal, scanning mirror 180/280 (and/or 182/282) can control to allow crystalline lens (natural or artificial) and amphiblestroid relative strong direct reflection from such as cornea, eyes turn back to fibre optic interferometer to make to measure the axial distance of the optical interface relative to wavefront sensor module or these eye parts relative to each other especially by electronics system.This operation can sequentially separate with eyes wavefront measurement, because in the later case, perhaps should avoid direct reflection.Alternatively, two different wavestrips can be used and spectrum can be adopted to be separated.On the other hand, and if OLCI/OCT signal intensity can be used as about direct reflection by the instruction that wavefront sensor module is collected be just whether, then discardable wavefront sensor data.

In another example embodiment, SLD light beam can be scanned on the leading portion of eyes or on the retina of certain volume and biometric or anatomical structure measurement can be carried out to each several part of eyes.A useful especially measurement is anterior corneal surface and thickness distribution.

In an example embodiment, also can have dynamic DC offset for the light beam scanner 112/212 of movement/scanning wavefront and these (180/280,182/282) for scanning SLD light beam and think that the disclosure brings additional benefits.Such as, can be used to afford redress to guarantee that wavefront sampling remains rotational symmetric relative to the center of eye pupil to the potential misalignment of the optical element of the result as environmental change (such as temperature) for scanner 112/212 that is mobile and/or scanning wavefront.Meanwhile, if needed, according to the Image Speckle position of the compensation by a calibration, the reference point also on adjustable position sensor device/detector (PSD).If the Image Speckle that there is sampling offsets relative to the DC at any angle of PSD reference point, then this processes by calibration and date processing.Our scanner 180/280 mentioned for scanning SLD light beam can be used to the eyes transverse movement by following from the feedback signal of imageing sensor 162/262 in particular range.When eyes move relative to wavefront sensor module, even if can make SLD light beam with its eyes good relative to wavefront sensor module placed in the middle time the identical angle done is entered eyes by identical corneal position, but will be transverse shift from the wavefront light beam returned of eyes relative to the optical axis of wavefront sensor module.As a result, will be transverse shift equally in wavefront sampling as the wavefront through relaying at plane place.In this case, can be used to compensate this displacement for the DC skew of the scanner 112/212 before advanced wave and still make wavefront light beam through scanning relative to wavefront sampled aperture 118/218 Rotational Symmetry.In this case, coma or the column that can there is introducing tilt or other additional aberrations, and these process by calibration and date processing.When doing like this, can compensate or correct any wavefront measurement error caused by the change of eye location/position.

The combination of the information provided by imageing sensor, Wavefront sensor, specular detector and/or low coherence interferometer is provided, likely combines some or all information to realize the automatic selection of correct calibration curve and/or correct data processing algorithm.Meanwhile, the indicator of the existence of data integrity indicator or confidence level (confidence) indicator or the opaque intensity indicator of cataract or optics bubble is displayed to surgeon or clinician by audio or video or other means or is connected to Other Instruments in the process providing feedback.The information of combination also can be used to intraocular pressure (IOP) and detect, measures and/or calibration.Such as, change by the Wavefront sensor synchronous with monitoring the oximeter of patient heart beat signal and/or the low coherence interferometer patient's heartbeat detected in the anterior chamber of eyes generates or external acoustic waves generates intraocular pressure.The syringe of piezometer equipment can be used to viscoelastic gel to be expelled in eyes with expansion eyes and measurement intraocular pressure.The information of combination also can be used to centering and/or tilting of intraocular lens (IOL) (such as the multifocal intraocular lens) detecting and/or confirm to implant.The information of combination also can be used to the detection of eye state (including crystalline lens, aphakia and pseudo-crystalline lens).Wavefront sensor signal can with OLCI/OCT signal combination to measure and to indicate the optical scattering of the optical medium of crystalline lens or eye (ocular) system and/or opaque degree.Wavefront sensor signal also can distribute with the tear film measured on the cornea of patient's eye with OLCI/OCT signal combination.

A requirement for real-time ophthalmology Wavefront sensor is can (such as when natural crystalline lens is removed and eyes are aphakic) meets with during cataract operation large diopter measurement dynamic range.Although optical wavefront link deployment has been designed to cover large diopter measurement dynamic range, the character of order eliminates cross-interference issue, and lock-in detection technology can filter out DC and low frequency 1/f noise, but dynamic range can still by location sensing equipment/detector (PSD) restriction.In one embodiment, design optics best to make in the diopter coverage expected, the images/light spot size on PSD always makes its barycenter can be sensed by PSD in particular range.In another embodiment, before dynamic wave as shown in figs. 1 and 2/defocus shift equipment 178/278 is arranged on picture plane before the intermediate wave 4-F plane of corneal plane and wavefront sample plane conjugation (namely with) place.Before dynamic wave/defocus shift equipment 178/278 can be plug-in type (drop-in) lens, zoom lens, the penetration wavefront manipulator based on liquid crystal or the wavefront manipulator based on distorting lens.When PSD becomes the limiting factor measuring large dioptric optical value (positive or negative), electronics system can activate wavefront/defocus shift equipment 178/278 to offset some or all in (offset) or partly/fully compensation wave front aberration.Such as, in aphakia state, wavefront from the eyes of patient is dispersed relatively, can 4-F wavefront as plane place plus lens to be dropped in wavefront relaying beam path with offset wavefront spherical defocus component and therefore the images/light speckle dropped on PSD is brought in scope with make PSD can sense/wavelet of measuring sequence sampling before barycenter.

In other situation of picture high myopia, high hypermetropia, relatively large astigmatism or spherical aberration, wavefront/defocus shift equipment 178/278 can be scanned and the skew had a mind to can be applied to one or more particular aberration parts in a dynamic fashion.In this way, some lower-order aberration can be offset and the information can given prominence to about other specific higher-order wave front aberration to disclose these key characters clinically needed by the residue wave front aberration of correcting further.When doing like this, vision correction practitioner or surgeon can intense adjustment vision correction procedure and minimize remaining wave front aberration in real time.

Fig. 6 shows the entire block diagram of an example embodiment of the electronics system 600 of order Wavefront sensor and other active equipment be associated controlling and drive as shown in figs. 1 and 2.In this embodiment, AC power transfer becomes DC power for whole electronics system 600 by power model 605.Can synchronously catch and/or record wave front data and the image/film of eyes in a streaming manner.Master computer & display module 610 provides to comprise and makes the live eye image back-end processing synchronous with wavefront measurements and provide visible display to user, wherein wavefront information be superimposed upon patient's eye live image on or to show side by side with the live image of patient's eye.Master computer & display module 610 also can convert wave front data to computer graphics, these computer graphics are synchronous with the digital picture/film of eyes and mix to form compound film and show this compound film over the display, and this display is synchronized to real-time activity performed during vision correction procedure.

Master computer & display module 610 also provides power by serial or parallel data link 620 and communicates with order wavefront sensor module 615.Optics as shown in figs. 1 and 2 resides in order wavefront sensor module 615 together with some front-end electronics.In an embodiment of the present disclosure, master computer & display module 610 is connected 620 communications with order wavefront sensor module 615 by USB.But any serial easily, parallel or wireless data communication protocol will be worked.The optional connection 625 that master computer & display module 610 also can comprise such as Ethernet and so on allow by wavefront, video and other process or initial data download to other object for such as subsequent data analysis or playback and so on external network (not shown in Figure 6).

It should be noted that display should not be limited to the individual monitor being illustrated as being combined with master computer.Display can be built-in HUD, translucent micro-display in the eyepiece path of operating microscope, can by information projection to the multiple monitors be superimposed upon as the back projection's display on live microscopical view seen by surgeon/clinician or link mutually among each other.Except by except on wavefront measurement data investigation to the image of patient's eye, also can adjoin ground or on different display/monitors, show wavefront measurements (and other measurement result, such as from those of imageing sensor and low coherence interferometer) individually on the different display windows of same screen.

Compared with prior art Wavefront sensor electronics system, this electronics system is configured to provide comprise at master computer & display module 610 to be made live eye image from order wavefront measurement data syn-chronization and is different by wavefront information being superimposed upon on live eye image or being close to that live eye image shows wavefront information to show side by side in the back-end processing of synchronous information simultaneously.In addition, front-end electronics inside order wavefront sensor module 615 (as discussed soon) is with locking mode operating sequence real-time ophthalmology Wavefront sensor and be configured to be sent to master computer and display module 610 by the wave front data treated with the front end of live eye image data syn-chronization.

Fig. 7 shows the block diagram of an example embodiment of the front end electronics processing system 700 resided in the wavefront sensor module 615 shown in Fig. 6.In this embodiment, live image camera module 705 (such as CCD or cmos image sensor/camera) provides the live image of patient's eye, and the data of this live image are sent to master computer as shown in Figure 6 and display module 610 can be superimposed on the live image of the eyes of patient to make wave front data.Front-end processing system 710 by electronics coupled to SLD drive and control circuit 715 (except making except SLD pulses, its also can perform as before about Fig. 1 and 2 the SLD light beam focusing discussed and SLD optical beam steering), to wavefront scanner drive circuit 720 and to location sensing detector circuit 725.Compared with prior art Wavefront sensor electronics system, disclosed front end electronics processing system has some features at present, when in one way or another kind of mode in conjunction with time make it for real-time ophthalmology wavefront measurement and display, be especially different and favourable during ophthalmic refractive cataract operation.Operate with pulse and/or train of pulse (burst) pattern for the light source created from the wavefront of eyes.The typical frame rate (it typically is about 25 to 30Hz (being commonly called number of pictures per second)) of the two-dimensional CCD/cmos image sensor of pulse recurrence rate or frequency ratio standard high (typically within the scope of kHz or on).In addition, location sensing detector is two-dimentional, and it has the response of sufficiently high temporal frequency to make it can operate with the lock-in detection pattern synchronous with the light-pulse generator under the frequency higher than 1/f noise frequency range.Front-end processing system 710 is driven and control circuit 715, wavefront scanner drive circuit 720 and location sensing detector circuit 725 to SLD by least electronics coupled.Front-end electronics is configured to the operation of phase-locked light source, wavefront scanner and location sensing detector.

In addition, front-end processing system 710 also can by electronics coupled to inner fixing and LED drive circuit 730 and internal calibration target localization circuit 735.Except as before with reference to Fig. 1 and 2 except this inside of driving of discussing fixes, LED drive circuit 730 can comprise multiple LED driver and be used to drive other LED, comprises indicator LED, the live flood lighting LED of image camera and the LED for finding range based on the eye distance of triangulation of eyes.The generation that internal calibration target localization circuit 735 can be used to activate reference wavefront is measured for calibration/verification object with quilt order Wavefront sensor.

Front-end and back-end electronic processing system comprises one or more digital processing unit and non-transient computer-readable memory for stores executable programs code and data.Various driving circuits 715-735 can be implemented as hard-wired circuitry, digital processing system or its combination as known in the art.

Fig. 8 shows can be moved in wavefront relaying beam path and calibrates and/or checking target 802/832/852 for the exemplary internal of internal calibration and/or checking to create one or more reference wavefront.In one embodiment, internal calibration and/or checking target comprise lens (such as non-spherical lens) 804 and diffusely (diffusely) reflection or scattering material, such as a slice diffuse reflector (spectralon) 806.This diffuse reflector 806 can be positioned at the back focal plane of non-spherical lens 804 or exceed this back focal plane short distance.Antireflection can apply non-spherical lens 804 significantly to reduce any direct reflection from lens itself.

When internal calibration and/or checking target 802 are moved in wavefront relaying beam path, its will be stopped that non-spherical lens 804 is centered by such as magnetic stopper (not shown) and with wavefront relaying light shaft coaxle.SLD light beam will to be intercepted by non-spherical lens with minimum direct reflection subsequently and SLD light beam will be focused on to drop on diffuse reflector 806 as hot spot by non-spherical lens at least to a certain extent.Be designed to be highly diffusely reflect and/or scattering due to diffuse reflector, thus the light returned from diffuse reflector will with the cone 812 dispersed for form and after back-propagation is by non-spherical lens, it will become the light beam 814 of high divergence or convergence.

The position of internal calibration target is as shown in figs. 1 and 2 the somewhere between the first lens 104/204 and polarization beam apparatus 174/274, therefore the light beam that will be equivalent to from point source before the object plane being positioned at the first lens 104/204 or below of the light beam dispersed a little a little or assemble of back-propagation there.In other words, before the convergence that the reference wavefront that internal calibration and/or checking target create is equivalent to the eyes under self-test or diverging wave.

In one embodiment, the actual axial position of diffuse reflector relative to non-spherical lens can be designed to make to make the similar wavefront from aphakia eyes of reference wavefront.In another embodiment, the actual axial position that can design diffuse reflector is to make the reference wavefront that can make therefore to create similar to facing or bathomorphic wavefront.

It should be noted that, although we use non-spherical lens here, but the lens of spherical lens and other type any, comprise cylinder and add spherical lens or the spherical lens that even tilts and can be used to create reference wavefront in the wave front aberration of certain expected for calibration and/or checking.In one embodiment, also change diffuse reflector serially and become possibility to make the dioptric optical value can at the wavefront of inside establishment with continuous variable to make the integral calibration of the Wavefront sensor in the diopter measurement scope of design relative to the position of non-spherical lens.

In another embodiment, internal calibration target can be the most basic diffuse reflector 836 of a slice simply.In this case, the any part on smooth diffuse reflector surface can be reduced to the requirement of the stop position of this sheet diffuse reflector 836, when being moved in wavefront relaying beam path, SLD light beam can be intercepted to generate substantially the same reference wavefront when supposing that the landform character on diffuse reflector surface is substantially the same.In this case, the light beam sent from the most basic diffuse reflector of this sheet will be divergent beams 838.

In another embodiment, internal calibration and/or checking target comprise the most basic diffuse reflector of a slice 866 and have the structure of non-spherical lens 854 and a slice diffuse reflector 856, and wherein diffuse reflector (866 and 856) can be monolithic.Internal calibration and/or checking target 852 mechanism moved in wavefront relaying beam path can be had two stopping: needing not be and to stop very repeatably and highly repeatably final magnetic stop position.Intermediate stop position can be used to make the most basic diffuse reflector of this sheet can intercept SLD light beam and highly repeatably stop position can be used to location non-spherical lens and adds that diffuse reflector structure is to make non-spherical lens good placed in the middle and coaxial with wavefront relaying beam optical axis.In this way, two reference wavefronts (864 and 868) can be obtained and therefore use internal calibration target come check system transfer function whether by design performance or whether there is any any misalignment needing to come relay optical system before compensated wave.

Owing to the amount of the light returned from real eye to the difference of the amount of the light returned from a slice diffuse reflector, optical attenuator device (such as neutral-density filter and/or polariser) can be included in inner calibration and/or checking target and to be arranged on before non-spherical lens or wide about identical with what make it with from real eye with attenuate light below.Alternatively, can suitably select the thickness of diffuse reflector with only make the light of desired amount can be diffused ground back scattering and/or reflection and transillumination can absorb by light absorbing material (not shown in Figure 8).

One embodiment of the present of invention are that front-end processing system 710 and location sensing detector circuit 725 and SLD driver and control circuit 715 are connected.Due to the multichannel position sensor detector that position sensor detector may be parallel, thus in order to make it have the response of sufficiently high temporal frequency, its can be quad detectors/sensor, transversal effect location sensing detector, parallel 2 little dimension photodiode arrays or other.When quad detectors/sensor or transversal effect location sensing detector, the signalling channel that existence 4 is parallel usually.As will be discussed later, front-end processing system is based on coming calculating ratio tolerance (ratio-metric) X and Y value from the signal amplitude of each in 4 passages (A, B, C and D).Except standard practices, front-end processing system can (according to user intention) automatically regulate SLD to export and the gain of variable gain amplifier is independent or be optimized to the signal to noise ratio for the best with the output of the final amplification of A, B, C and D value of Image Speckle before making the wavelet for all sequential samplings dropped on location sensing detector together for all passages for each passage.This is needs, because the optical signalling returned from patient's eye can change according to the cataractous degree of refractive status (myopia, face and hypermetropia), surgical state (Phakic, aphakia and pseudo-crystalline lens) and eyes.

Fig. 9 A and 9B shows and completes the task of automatic SLD index and digital auto-gain compensative to optimize the embodiment of the electronic device block diagram of signal to noise ratio by servomechanism, and Figure 10 shows to process the example embodiment that stream block diagram is form.

See Fig. 9 A, microprocessor 901 is coupled to the memory element 905 with code stored therein and data.Microprocessor 901 is also coupled to SLD 911 via the SLD driver and control circuit 915 with digital-to-analogue conversion, is coupled to MEMS scanner 921 and is coupled to PSD 931 via compound transimpedance amplifier 933, analog-digital converter 935 and variable gain digital amplifier 937 via the MEMS scanner drive circuit 925 with digital-to-analogue conversion.

It should be noted that PSD is in this example the quad detectors with four passages, these four passages cause four final amplifier digital output A, B, C and D, therefore correspondingly, there are four and meet transimpedance amplifier, four analog-digital converters and four variable gain digital amplifiers, although only depict in each in figure 9 a.

In order to these points are described, we repeat the content discussed in US7445335 briefly with reference to Fig. 9 B.Assuming that order Wavefront sensor be used to wavefront sampling and the PSD quad detectors 931 with four photosensitive regions A, B, C and D be used to indicate as shown in fig. 9b before the wavelet of sampling Image Speckle position centroid position in local dip.If before wavelet relative to the sub-wavefront focusing lens before quad detectors 931 with normal angle incidence, Image Speckle 934 then in quad detectors 931 will be positioned at center and four photosensitive regions will receive mutually commensurability light, and each region produces the signal with same intensity.On the other hand, if depart from vertical incidence with angle of inclination before wavelet (to suppose, point to upper right), then the Image Speckle in quad detectors will be formed away from center (as moved towards right upper quadrant shown in Image Speckle 938).

Following equation can be used to be similar to single order by depart from (x, the y) of barycenter and center (x=0, y=0):

\begin{matrix} x = \frac{(B + C) - (A + D)}{A + B + C + D} \\ y = \frac{(A + B) - (C + D)}{A + B + C + D} \end{matrix} - - - (1)

Wherein A, B, C and D represent the signal intensity of each corresponding photosensitive region of quad detectors and denominator (A+B+C+D) is used to the impact that AVHRR NDVI fluctuates to make desirable delustring source strength.It should be noted that and calculating in local dip according to centroid position, equation (1) is not entirely accurate, but it is good being similar to.In practice, may have and need to use some mathematical operations and built-in algorithms to correct the Image Speckle site error that can be caused by this equation further.

See Figure 10, at beginning step 1002 place, front end microprocessor 901 preferably by SLD initial setting up to the so much output level requiring according to ocular safety file (document) to allow.Can initially in the end to locate determined value period or with the such as usual gain intermediate value of selection being arranged variable gain digital amplifier 937 this moment.

Next step (1004) checks that variable gain digital amplifier finally exports A, B, C and D.If find that the final output through amplifying of A, B, C and D value is positioned at the signal strength range (it can be identical for each passage) of expectation, then process stream and move to step 1006, in step 1006 place, the gain of variable gain digital amplifier is remained on setting value place.In exporting if final any one or all under the signal strength range expected, then as can gain be increased shown in by step 1008 and then check final output as shown in by step 1010.Export if final the scope being positioned at expectation, then as the value of a little higher than currency arranged gain to overcome the signal intensity fluctuating and cause shown in by step 1012, it can make final output again reach outside the scope of expectation.Export still under the signal strength range expected and as shown in will being checked by step 1014 if final, gain does not also reach its maximum, then can repeat increases gain according to step 1008 and check that the final process exported is until final output is dropped in scope and arrange gain as shown in by step 1012 according to step 1010.Possible exception scene is when as shown in by step 1014, when gain being increased to its maximum, finally to export still under the scope expected.In this case, as shown in by step 1016, gain will be arranged on its maximum place and still can process data, but as shown in by step 1018, can present a statement to notify that the too weak therefore data of his/her wavefront signals may be invalid to terminal use.

On the other hand, if any one finally output in A, B, C and D is on the signal strength range expected, then can reduces the gain of variable gain digital amplifier as shown by step 1020 and check final output as shown in by step 1022.If all final outputs are positioned at the scope of expectation, then slightly can arrange gain to overcome the signal intensity fluctuating and cause lower than the value of currency as shown in by step 1024, it can make final output again reach outside the scope of expectation.In exporting if final any one still on the signal strength range expected and as in step 1026 place check, gain does not also reach its minima, then can repeat to reduce gain according to step 1020 and check the final process that exports according to step 1022 until final output all to drop in scope and arrange gain as shown in by step 1024.

But, there is the gain when checking in step 1026 place and reached its minima and finally exported the one or more probabilities still on the signal strength range expected in A, B, C and D.In this case, as gain remained on its minima place and SLD output can be reduced shown in step 1028 as shown in by step 1030.And if check in step 1032 place that after reducing SLD and exporting finally exporting A, B, C and D finds that final A, B, C and D export in the scope expected, then then as shown in by step 1034, arrange SLD output to overcome the signal intensity fluctuating and cause with the level slightly lower than current level, it can make final output again reach outside the scope of expectation.If finally export in A, B, C and D one or more still expect scope on and according to 1036 inspection step, SLD exports and does not also reach zero, then can repeat the process that exports as the minimizing SLD shown in by step 1030 and export as inspection final A, B, C and the D shown in by step 1032 until they reach the scope of expectation and export as arranged SLD shown in by step 1034.Only exception be SLD export reached zero and final A, B, C and D export in one or more still on the scope expected.This means to export even without SLD, still there is strong wavefront signals.This only can occur when there is electronics or optical interference or crosstalk.We can remain on zero as exported by SLD shown in by step 1038 and as sent the message that there is high reject signal therefore data invalid shown in by step 1040 to terminal use.

In addition to the above, as an alternative, terminal use also can manually control SLD export and the gain of variable gain digital amplifier until he/her thinks that true wavefront measurements is gratifying.

It should be noted that the example embodiment provided in Fig. 9 A and 9B and Figure 10 is only used for one in a lot of possibility modes of the same target realizing improving signal to noise ratio, therefore it should be regarded as concept is described.Such as, at beginning step place, do not have absolute to need SLD to export to be set to the so much level allowed according to ocular safety documentation requirements.Initially can arrange SLD with any any level export and regulate this SLD to export until finally export A, B, C and D and drop in the scope of expectation together with amplifier gain subsequently.Initially SLD being exported the advantage being set to relatively high level is in optics or photonics, the OSNR of maximizing before any photoelectron conversion.But this does not also mean that other selection can not prove effective.In fact, even initially SLD can be exported be arranged on zero place and little by little increase SLD together with the adjustment of amplifier gain and export until final A, B, C and D output drops in the scope of expectation.In this case, the corresponding change to the order and details processing stream will be there is.These changes should be regarded as in the scope of the present disclosure and spirit.

Another embodiment of the present disclosure is the position signalling using compound transimpedance amplifier to amplify order ophthalmology Wavefront sensor.Figure 11 shows and can be used to amplify an example embodiment from the compound transimpedance amplifier of the signal of any one quadrant (such as, D1) in four Quadrant photo diodes of quad detectors.This circuit is used in location sensing detector circuit as illustrated in figure 9 a.In this compound transimpedance amplifier, electric current to voltage transitions ratio by feedback resistor R1 value (such as, it can be 22 megohms) determine and mate by resistor R2 with the input of Operational Character U1A.Shunt capacitor C1 and C2 can be the parasitic capacitance of resistor R1 and R2 or be added to the little capacitor of feedback loop.The stability of transimpedance amplifier and high-frequency noise reduce the low pass filter that resistor R3, capacitor C3 and the operational amplifier U2A come in free feedback loop 1150 is formed.In this circuit arrangement ,+Vref is certain reference voltage between earth potential and+Vcc.Because output signal (exporting A) is proportional with R1, but the square root of noise and R1 is proportional, and thus signal to noise ratio increases (because it is noise control by Johnson of R1 (Johnson)) pro rata with the square root of R1.

Note prior art high bandwidth Wavefront sensor usually only use the transimpedance amplifier of standard instead of compound transimpedance amplifier (see, such as, the people such as S.Abado, " Two-dimensionalHigh-Bandwidth Shack-Hartmann Wavefront Sensor:Design Guidelines andEvaluation Testing ", Optical Engineering, in June, 49 (6), 064403,2010.)。In addition, prior art Wavefront sensor be not pure order but in one way or another kind of mode parallel.In addition, they do not face face with current order ophthalmology Wavefront sensor identical weak but synchronous and pulse optical signal challenge.In the amplification being applied to the optical signalling in order ophthalmology Wavefront sensor at current disclosed compound transimpedance amplifier, when in one way or another kind of mode combines time, the feature be associated uniquely with this current disclosed compound transimpedance amplifier comprises following: (1), in order to improve electric current to voltage converting accuracy, the feedback resistor value of the selection of the R1 substantially mated by resistor R2 is very high; (2) in order to the noise contribution reduced from the large resistance value of R1 and R2 maintains enough signal bandwidths simultaneously, two shunt capacitor C1 and C2 have low-down capacitance; (3) low pass filter formed by R3, C3 and the U2A in feedback loop has increased substantially stability and drastically reduce the area the high-frequency noise of transimpedance amplifier; (4) in order to realize lock-in detection, reference voltage+Vref is phase locked to the DC signal of the suitable convergent-divergent of the drive singal of SLD and MEMS scanner, and it is between earth potential and+Vcc.In addition, in order to realize optimum signal-noise ratio, the quad detectors with minimum Terminal Capacitance is preferably selected; And any shunt conductance between any two in four quadrants, the good channel separation between preferred all quadrants.

Except above circuit, the optical signalling being converted to analog current signal by location sensing detector also can be coupled to conventional transimpedance amplifier by AC and be amplified by the transimpedance amplifier of this routine, and is combined to recover with the lock detecting circuit of standard subsequently otherwise understands by the small-signal that can flood much larger than the noise of interested signal.Figure 12 shows an example embodiment of this combination.To be locked to blender 1296 place and (that is, being multiplied by) from the output signal of transimpedance amplifier 1295 and to drive SLD and the output of the phaselocked loop 1297 of the reference signal that SLD is pulsed mixes.Make the output of blender 1296 through low pass filter 1298 with remove mixed signal with frequency component and select the time constant of low pass filter with reduce equivalence noise bandwidth.Signal through low-pass filtering can be further amplified for changing along the modulus (A/D) that signal path is downward further by another amplifier 1299.

Just lighting SLD to activate A/D conversion before recording " secretly " level and just to change to activate A/D after recording " bright " level lighting SLD to above lock detecting circuit alternative.This difference can be calculated subsequently to remove the impact of interference.Simultaneously another embodiment after lighting SLD, just activates A/D conversion or record " bright " level to ignore " secretly " level, if interference effect is minimum.

Except optical signalling testing circuit, the electronically controlled parts of next key are wavefront scanner/shift units.In one embodiment, wavefront scanner/shift unit is that mirror is handled in electromagnetism MEMS (MEMS) simulation driven by four D/A converters, and these four D/A converters are by Microprocessor S3C44B0X.In one example, two passages in D/A converter export 90 degree of sine curves separately in phase place, and other two passages export X and Y DC offset voltage to handle wavefront sampling circle Ring current distribution.Amplitude before sinusoidal and cosine electron waves determines wavefront and to sample the diameter of annulus, can change this diameter to adapt to various eye pupil diameter and to sample wittingly around one or more annulus of wavefront with the diameter of the expectation in eye pupil region.Also can the aspect ratio of control X and Y amplitude to guarantee when mirror completes circular scan to during offside reflection wavefront light beam.

Figure 13 A to 13F shows and makes MEMS scanner and SLD impulsive synchronization how create picture wavefront by the identical result of sampling with multiple detectors of circle permutation.

In figure 13a, orientation MEMS 1312 is to make when launching (fire) SLD pulse, and whole wavefront moves down.In this case, sample in the part at the top of circular wavefront part in aperture 1332.

In Figure 13 B, wavefront is moved to the left the part sampled on the right of circular wavefront part in aperture, in Figure 13 C, wavefront moves up to make aperture to sample the part in the bottom of circular wavefront part and in Figure 13 D, wavefront moves right the part sampled on the left side of circular wavefront part in aperture.

In another example, SLD can be synchronous with MEMS scanner and can launch 8 SLD pulses and to rotate and therefore each wavefront annulus of sampling rotates sampling 8 sub-wavefront to allow to scan according to each MEMS.Timing SLD impulse ejection is aimed at the X and Y-axis that make 4 odd numbers in 8 pulses or even pulse and MEMS scanner and midway on other 4 pulses are disposed between X and Y-axis ring.Figure 13 F shows MEMS scanning and rotates the gained pattern with relative SLD transmitting site.It should be noted that the quantity of SLD pulse does not need to be limited to 8 and can be any quantity, SLD pulse does not need to be equally spaced in time, and they need not be aimed at the X of MEMS scanner and Y-axis.

As an alternative, such as, by changing relative timing and/or the quantity of the pulse that SLD launches relative to the drive singal of MEMS scanner, the front sampling location of annulus advanced wave can be sampled with the higher spatial resolution selecting the part of the wavefront that will be sampled and realize in sampling wavefront along wavefront.Figure 14 shows the example wherein by slight delay SLD pulse, 8 wavefront sampling locations being moved 15 ° away from those shown in Figure 13 F.

Substitute as another, if repeat this pattern with the deviation angle of 30 ° on 15 ° on 0 on the first frame °, the second frame and the 3rd frame sampling wavefront, then when jointly processing the data from multiple frame, the spatial resolution sampling wavefront that can increase.Figure 15 shows this pattern.Note, can utilize any expectation but the timing accuracy of reality realizes the cumulative with the spatial resolution realized along any expectation of any ring-type wavefront sampling ring of this frame one by one in the initial transmissions time of SLD.In addition, by the change in conjunction with the sine of MEMS scanner and the amplitude of cosine drive singal, also can sample and there is the different annular of different-diameter.In this way, the spatial resolution of any expectation in both the radial direction of polar coordinate system and angle dimension the sequential sampling of whole wavefront can be realized.It should be noted that this is only an example in much possible order wavefront scanning/sampling plan.Such as, similar method can be applied to the situation of raster scanning.

As mentioned above, with reference to Fig. 9 B, before explanation drops on the wavelet of the different order sampling on location sensing equipment/detector (PSD) Image Speckle centroid position in, the well-known ratiometer equation of standard can be used.Preferred quad detectors or transversal effect location sensing detector are used as PSD and its X-Y axle is aligned to make them have identical X and Y-axis in the orientation of the X-Y axle of MEMS scanner, although this is not definitely required.When such as quad detectors, based on from the signal intensity of each in four quadrants A, B, C and D, the ratiometer X of Image Speckle before the wavelet of sequential sampling and Y value can be expressed as:

X＝(A+B–C–D)/(A+B+C+D)

Y＝(A+D–B–C)/(A+B+C+D)

Usually, these ratio evaluations of X and Y are not directly to the lateral displacement of pin-point accuracy or the position that go out barycenter, because the function of the response of such as quad detectors or clearance distance, Image Speckle size, this Image Speckle Size dependence, in some factors, comprises the local average before the wavelet of sampling and tilts and locally disperse/assemble and sampled aperture shape and size before wavelet.One embodiment of the present of invention are that amendment relation or equation are to make to determine the wavelet top rake through sampling more accurately.

In one embodiment, determine relation between ratiometer measurement result and actual barycenter displacement in theory and/or experimentally and revise ratiometer expression formula to react centroid position more accurately.Figure 16 shows ratiometer estimation and an example along the relation determined in theory between the actual barycenter displacement or position of X or Y-axis.

Because this is non-linear, the approximate inverse of this effect can be applied to original equation to produce the modified relation between ratiometer (X, Y) and actual centroid position (X ', Y ').Be an example of this reverse-power below.

X’＝PrimeA*X/(1–X ²/PrimeB)

Y’＝PrimeB*Y/(1–Y ²/PrimeB)

Wherein PrimeA and PrimeB is constant.

It should be noted that above shown relation or equation are illustrative, it is not intended to the restriction of the possible method for being used to realize same target.In fact, above amendment is the centroid position before the wavelet of sampling for the specific intensity distribution when its Image Speckle is only shifted along X or Y-axis.If Image Speckle is all shifted on X and Y, then will need further amendment, if especially expect higher certainty of measurement.In an example embodiment, can set up according to (X, Y) quad detectors report ratiometer result and actual centroid position (X ', Y ') between take data matrix as the relation experimentally determined of form and reverse relation can be set up with by each (X, Y) data point is converted to new barycenter (X ', Y ') data point.

How Figure 17 can perform calibration to obtain the relation revised and to cause the example flow diagram of wave-front optical aberration measurement more accurately if showing explanation.In first step 1705, can use such as from eye model or can produce different wavefront (such as there is difference disperse and assemble or there is different wave front aberration) from picture the various devices of wavefront manipulator of distorting lens to create wavefront.In second step 1710, different real centroid position before the wavelet of sampling (X ', Y ') can compare with the ratio evaluation (X, Y) experimentally recorded to obtain (X ', Y ') and (X, Y) between relation.Meanwhile, can obtain through calibration inclination of wave front and therefore dioptric value confrontation position, calculation strong point.In third step 1715, measurement can be made up of real eye and the relation obtained can be used to determine centroid position also therefore from the wavelet top rake through sampling of real eye.In the 4th step 1720, the determined centroid position before the wavelet of sampling or inclination can be used to wave front aberration or the refractive error of determining real eye.

It should be noted that the wavefront sensor system that the step that the first and second calibrations are correlated with can be built for each is performed once and can carrys out repetition third and fourth step for so much real eye measurement that such as people like.But this does not also mean that calibration steps should only do once.In fact, it is useful for periodically repeating these calibration steps.

As an embodiment of the present disclosure, the internal calibration target driven by microprocessor as illustrated in figure 9 a can be used by manufacturer or recalibration step frequently or the calibration partly like that of terminal use's preference ground.Such as, as desired by terminal use, whenever system is powered or even can internal calibration target be temporarily moved in optical wavefront relaying beam path automatically or manually before real eye measurement each time.Internal calibration do not need to provide as more fully comprehensive calibration by or available all data points.On the contrary, internal calibration target only needs to provide some data points.Utilize these data points, whether the optical alignment that can confirm Wavefront sensor is experimentally intact or whether any environmental factors of such as variations in temperature and/or mechanical shock and so on has disturbed the optical alignment of Wavefront sensor.Therefore, whether this needs to carry out completely new integrated correction or will be enough to guarantee real eye wavefront measurement accurately based on the correction of certain little (minor) software by determining whether.Alternatively, the reference wavefront aberration using internal calibration target to record can calculate inherent optics system aberration that Wavefront sensor optical system has and by deducting wave front aberration that optical system causes to determine real eye wave front aberration from the overall wavefront aberration recorded.

As another embodiment of the present disclosure, calibration target (inner or outside) also can be used to determine initial time delay between SLD transmitted pulse and MEMS scarnning mirror position or before certain wave, adopt the deviation angle between the front sampling location of the wavelet of annulus and MEMS scarnning mirror position.If identical calibration steps also can be used to determine that whether enough accurately and there is any difference with the accuracy of certain desired SLD launch time relative to MEMS scanning mirror position, then whether can perform the correction based on electronic device hardware or the correction based on pure software subsequently with intense adjustment SLD launch time or MEMS scanning drive signal.

As another embodiment of the present disclosure, if calibration (inner or outside) is if detect that optical alignment is closed or find that eyes are not placed in optimum position in real eye measurement situation, but be positioned at the scope utilizing software correction still can carry out wavefront measurement, then as with reference to Fig. 4 explain, adjustment based on software can be performed to cater to (cater for) this misalignment.

In another example embodiment, if from calibration target or annulus surrounding sample 8 sub-wavefront of wavefront of producing from real eye and find 8 wavelet top rakes recorded of the result of prism (prismatic) inclination of wave front that there is the wavefront moved as such as PSD lateral attitude or from patient's eye centroid trajectory off-centring (X ' (i), Y ' (i)), wherein i=0, 1, 2, 7, then can perform (X ', Y ') translation of cartesian coordinate is given new cartesian coordinate (Xtr to make 8 data points, and be expressed as one group of new data point (Xtr (i) Ytr), Ytr (i)), wherein i=0, 1, 2, 7, wherein bunch (cluster) center of barycenter data point is now with new initial point (Xtr=0, Ytr=0) centered by.In this way, any impact of the outward appearance of the overall prism inclination of wave front of the misalignment before causing being derived from such as wavelet between sampled aperture and location sensing detector/equipment can be filtered out from the wavefront recorded.As a result, in the higher order aberrations that remaining date processing can be made to concentrate on calculate refractive error and/or wavefront.

The sampling of attention order wavefront have its can make we in the place of annulus up-sampling with each before independent wavelet of sampling the displacement of centroid position to be mutually related Inherent advantage.

As mentioned above, usage rate meter X and Y value determine the displacement of the barycenter of the wavefront part through sampling, and this ratiometer X and Y value calculate from the output signal generated by PSD.The position of these output valves forms geometrical pattern, can analyze these geometrical patterns to determine the ophthalmology characteristic of measured's eyes by front end or backend electronics processing system.Formation and the analysis of these patterns have been shown in Fig. 9 C.In Fig. 9 C, these displacements are depicted as and are shown on a monitor as them.But in other example embodiment, these displacements are handled by algorithm and the directional user's display that differs, and these algorithms are performed as software by front-end processing system.

Fig. 9 C shows plane wave front, defocus with the multiple representative situation of the Image Speckle position be associated in astigmatism, quad detectors after sub-wavefront focusing lens and when on a monitor as the sequential movements of corresponding centroid position during 2D data point pattern displaying.Note, replace by multiple be sampled the different wavelets be plotted as with the wavefront of the movement projected in identical sub-wavefront focusing lens and quad detectors before, we have employed the above expression with reference to the equivalence described by Figure 13 A-E, thus to make to draw around identical annulus before multiple wavelet and correspondingly, around identical annulus, to draw multiple quad detectors to represent the situation different piece of wavefront being scanned up to single sub-wavefront focusing lens and single quad detectors.

As shown in by arrow 9009, suppose we from before the wavelet of top around the scanning of wavefront annulus and move in a clockwise direction the right the second wavelet before and by that analogy.From Fig. 9 C, when wavefront is plane wave 9001, before all wavelets, (such as, 9002) will form Image Speckle 9003 and as a result, the centroid trajectory 9005 on monitor 9006 also will always at x-y origin place in the center of quad detectors 9004.

When such as by shown in 9011, before incoming wave be disperse time, before each wavelet, the center of Image Speckle 9013 of 9012 will to be positioned at from wavefront radially laterally apart from deviating from of center equivalent of quad detectors 9014, and as a result, the track 9015 on monitor 9016 by be from tip position 9017 as the clockwise circle indicated by arrow 9018.On the other hand, if as shown in by 9021, be when assembling before incoming wave, before each wavelet, the center of Image Speckle 9023 of 9022 will deviate from the center equivalent apart from quad detectors 9024 the radially-inwardly side be positioned at relative to wavefront center.As a result, the centroid trajectory 9025 on monitor 9026 will be round, but by from bottom position 9027 and will be clockwise as indicated by arrow 9028.Therefore, when the sign change of x-axle centroid position and y-axle centroid position being detected, on the contrary indicative input wavefront from divergent beams change to convergent beam or.In addition, the starting point of centroid trajectory also can be used as that indicative input wavefront is dispersed or assemble standard.

Also can find out from Fig. 9 C, when being astigmatism before incoming wave, can occur wavefront can as shown in 9031a be in vertical direction disperse and as shown in 9031b be in the horizontal direction assemble.As a result, before vertical wavelet, the centroid position of 9033a will be positioned at radially outside before relative to incoming wave and centroid position that is 9033b before horizontal wavelet is radially inside by what be positioned at before relative to incoming wave.Therefore, the centroid trajectory 9035 on monitor 9036 will be mobile counterclockwise from tip position 9037 but as shown in arrow 9038, and therefore centroid trajectory rotates and is reversed now.

Use similar argument, be understood that, if before incoming wave be astigmatism but all disperse before all wavelets or all assemble, then the rotation of centroid trajectory will be clockwise (namely, non-return), but, for the situation of astigmatism, the track of barycenter on a monitor will be oval instead of circle, along those of other axle because compare before the wavelet of an astigmatism axle will more disperse or assemble.

For the wavefront of more generally astigmatism, centroid trajectory is by with oval or circular trace rotates in inverse direction or centroid trajectory will with normal dextrorotation veer rotation but this track will be oval.Oval axle can be positioned at any radial direction relative to center, and it is by the axle of instruction astigmatism.In this case, around 4 sub-wavefront of annulus may be not enough to accurately to determine astigmatism axle and before more wavelet can being sampled around annulus (such as 8,16 or 32 instead of 4).

Generally speaking, for the spheric wave front of dispersing from such as human eye to the spheric wave front assembled, the order barycenter data point will causing being disposed in circumference and enclose before the wavelet of the annulus sequential sampling of eye pupil, but wherein depend on that wavefront is dispersed or convergence, each data point drops on different opposed portions.In other words, for the wavefront dispersed, such as, if we expect that a certain data point (such as, i=0) is in specific location (such as, (Xtr (0), Ytr (0))=(0,0.5)); So for same ball radius surface but before the convergent wave of distinct symbols, we expect that this same data point is in opposed portions (such as, (Xtr (0), Ytr (0))=(0 ,-0.5)).On the other hand, if original wavefront has sphere and cylinder component, then barycenter data point can be the ellipse of normal ellipse of revolution by depicting, straight line, abnormality or reversely rotate oval and unusual or reversely rotate circle.In the common US7445335 transferred the possession of and the US8100530 jointly transferred the possession of, discuss these sights in detail.

An embodiment of the present disclosure be use major axis and minor axis on the occasion of describing barycenter data point as equivalent ellipsoidal with negative value.Such as, the wavefront that entirety is dispersed can be defined as positive major axis and minor axis and the overall wavefront assembled can be defined as producing " negative " major axis and minor axis.

Figure 18 shows the figure using trigonometric function to express the order ellipse of formula and represents, wherein U (t)=acos (t), V (t)=bsin (t), a is larger radius of a circle and b is less radius of a circle.As visible, when a>b>0 and a and b is positive, ellipse is rotated counterclockwise.Therefore the barycenter displacement sequentially calculated before these points on ellipse can represent the overall diverging wave with sphere and cylindricalical error component, the degree of wherein dispersing is different for horizontal direction and vertical direction.If a=b, then ellipse will represent the spheric wave front of dispersing, and the degree of wherein dispersing is identical for horizontal direction and vertical direction.Suppose 0<t ₀the t of < pi/2 ₀value, point (U (t ₀), V (t ₀)) by the first quartile of U-V cartesian coordinate.

Note in this particular example of Figure 18, and in Figure 19,20 and 21, we suppose that cartesian coordinate axes U and V aims at quad detectors axle x and y and simultaneously, we have also supposed that astigmatism axle is also along x or y-axis.Therefore, the ellipse as shown in Figure 18 to 21 is oriented to level or vertical.

If major axis and minor axis are negative, then can by their Biao Da Wei – a with – b.In this situation as shown in Figure 19, corresponding order is oval by U (t)=-acos (t), expressed by V (t)=-bsin (t), wherein both a>b>0 ,-a and-b are negative.This will cause the ellipse be still rotated counterclockwise.Before this can be regarded as representing the overall convergent wave with sphere and cylindricalical error component, the degree wherein assembled is different for horizontal direction and vertical direction.If a=b, then it will represent the spheric wave front assembled, and the degree wherein assembled is identical for horizontal direction and vertical direction.At 0<t ₀the t of < pi/2 ₀when value, point (U (t ₀), V (t ₀)) now by the third quadrant of U-V cartesian coordinate, compared to the point (U (t of Figure 18 ₀), V (t ₀)), it is on the opposite of zero.

If major axis is just and minor axis is negative, then they can be expressed as a He – b.In this situation as shown in Figure 20, corresponding order is oval expressed by U (t)=acos (t), V (t)=-bsin (t), wherein a>b>0, a is just, and-b is negative.This will cause the ellipse turned clockwise from fourth quadrant.This can be regarded as representing to have the horizontal divergence of sphere and cylindricalical error component and the wavefront of vertical convergence, and the degree of wherein horizontal divergence and vertical convergence is different.If a=b, then it will represent horizontal divergence and before the cylindrical wave of vertical convergence, the degree of wherein horizontal divergence and vertical convergence is identical.At 0<t ₀the t of < pi/2 ₀when value, point (U (t ₀), V (t ₀)) now by the fourth quadrant of U-V cartesian coordinate.

If major axis is negative and minor axis is just, then they can be expressed as-a and b.In this situation as shown in Figure 21, corresponding order is oval expressed by U (t)=-acos (t), V (t)=bsin (t), wherein a>b>0,-a is negative, and b is just.This will cause the ellipse turned clockwise from the second quadrant.This can be regarded as representing to have the horizontal convergence of sphere and cylindricalical error component and the wavefront of vertical divergence, and wherein the degree of horizontal convergence and vertical divergence is different.If a=b, then it will represent horizontal convergence and before the cylindrical wave of vertical divergence, wherein the degree of horizontal convergence and vertical divergence is identical.At 0<t ₀the t of < pi/2 ₀when value, point (U (t ₀), V (t ₀)) now by the second quadrant of U-V cartesian coordinate, compared to the point (U (t of Figure 20 ₀), V (t ₀)), it is on the opposite of zero.

To note being dispensed to " just " before diverging wave be arbitrary to " bearing " axle and can be reversed, as long as we distinguish between which.The also positive direction of these axles commutative.Such as, U axle can be directed upwards towards instead of point to the right and V axle can point to the right instead of be directed upwards towards.In this case, as shown in Figure 22, the order barycenter data point of expecting from the spheric wave front of dispersing of sampling in the plane represented by dotted line will be clockwise circle, wherein be indicated data point position and the polarity of gained by the numeral in Figure 22 and arrow.Note distributing owing to the difference of axle polarity, compared to the order direction of rotation of Figure 18, this order direction of rotation changes.Similarly, in same case, as shown in Figure 23, the order barycenter data point of expecting from the spheric wave front of the convergence of sampling in the plane represented by dotted line will be clockwise circle, wherein be indicated data point position and the polarity of gained by the numeral in Figure 23 and arrow.When through sampling wavefront from for changing to of dispersing for assemble time, note the exchange from the home position Figure 22 to the data point of the numbering of the opposition position in Figure 23.

An embodiment of the present disclosure uses calibration (inner or outside) to determine the initial offset angle of data point vectors relative to Xtr or Ytr axle.Another embodiment of the present disclosure is by cartesian coordinate (Xtr, Ytr) to another cartesian coordinate (U, V) rotation offset angle is to make at least one calibration barycenter data point (such as, i=0 data point (U (0), V (0))) be aligned on U or the V axle of new cartesian coordinate U-V.In this way, be expressed as now data point (U (i), V (i)), wherein i=0,1,2 ..., 7, at least one wherein in data point aim on U or V axle measured by wavelet top rake can be easily interrelated with ellipse and/or by average, on the ellipse of association as them, wherein elliptic parameter and wavefront through sampling sphere and cylindricalical angle value is interrelated and wherein major axis and/or short-axis direction and the wavefront through sampling cylindrical axes is interrelated.

Figure 24 show from original X-Y coordinate to through translation Xtr-Ytr coordinate and rotated further to by matching to the cartesian coordinate translation of the U-V coordinate of the barycenter data point of oval 8 sequential samplings of order and rotation.Notice that the wavefront dispersed for entirety and shown coordinate axes are selected, order direction of rotation is clockwise.In this example, first determine the center of the data points that 8 orders obtain and X-Y coordinate is moved to Xtr-Ytr coordinate, wherein Xtr-Ytr origin is the center of data point that 8 orders obtain.Then obtained the major axis of the ellipse (have as previously discussed its corresponding axle polarity) of matching and minor axis by Digital data processing and to be aimed at U or the V axle of U-V coordinate by the major axis of the ellipse by matching or minor axis and perform coordinate and rotate, this U-V coordinate has the initial point identical with Xtr-Ytr coordinate.Note in this example, the first data point (point 0) has been aimed at U axle or has been positioned on U axle.In more generally situation, this may be really not so.But, help date processing if the first data point (point 0) aimed at U axle, then scalable SLD relative to the launch time of the drive singal of MEMS scanner with make this aligning become simplification that possible and between two signals Phase delay can be used to date processing.

Around the at present disclosed wavefront sampling instances of annulus, coordinate transform and the date processing that is associated, there is the function that simply ball-cylinder (sphero-cylinder) dioptric optical value analytically can be expressed as (U (i), V (i)) data dot values and significantly can simplify thus and extremely fast perform the benefit of date processing.In other words, now can easily by data point (U (i), V (i)) matching is to having the position in specification of expression formula U (t)=acos (t) and V (t)=bsin (t) (centered by initial point, major axis is along U axle) in ellipse, wherein a and b be major axis and minor axis respectively and can have on the occasion of or negative value.

The real-time high-precision that this algorithm enables the eyes wavefront on great dynamic range is measured.When rotate U, V axle with by ellipse fitting to the position of specification time, the axle of oval orientation instruction astigmatism.Further, a and b size instruction disperse and assembles astigmatic component relative size and rotate direction help mark which component be disperse and which component be convergence.As a result, the real-time titration of surgical visual correction process can be performed.Especially, real-time wavefront measurements can be used to instruct, and/or aim at, and/or loosen otomy (LRI) and/or astigmatism keratotomy (AK) and toroid IOL (intraocular lens) of limbus of corneae is guided to rotate titration.

Figure 25 shows the special case of Figure 24,8 barycenter data points on the result of Rotating Transition of Coordinate and U-V coordinate, wherein left side corresponding to have equal positive major axis and minor axis the spheric wave front of dispersing and wherein right side corresponding to the spheric wave front of convergence with equal negative major axis and minor axis.When through sampling wavefront from for changing to of dispersing for assemble time, again note the exchange from home position to the data point of the numbering of opposition position.

When there is astigmatic component and being added on sphere component, as in the common US7445335 that transfers the possession of and the common US8100530 transferred the possession of discuss, depend on the degree that the degree of evanescent light wve top rake tilts compared to spheric wave front, many barycenter data point trajectories scenes occur.Utilize above-mentioned cartesian coordinate to convert, what barycenter data point at least one can depicting in wherein these data points was aimed at from U or V axle has different elliptical shapes and the pattern of orientation centered by U-V origin.The shape of pattern comprise there is positive major axis and positive minor axis normal ellipse of revolution, there is plus or minus major axis or have plus or minus minor axis straight line, there is negative major axis and positive minor axis or there is the abnormality of positive major axis and negative minor axis or reversely rotate oval and there is positive major axis and negative minor axis or there is the abnormality of negative major axis and positive minor axis or reversely rotate circle.

Due to our positive measuring sequence wavefront, thus in circular trace situation, we can distinguish, because axle polarity determined by the order of collecting wavefront sample in three different circular trace patterns (diverging spherical circle, assemble sphere circle and astigmatism reversely rotates circle).In fact, astigmatism reversely rotates circle and is effectively associated with an ellipse, because an axle (long or short) has the symbol different from another axle (short or long) or polarity.Oval or straight line or reverse rotation circle orientation can carry out determining and can be in any angle between 0 and 180 degree from length or short-axis direction, and this is also by optometrist and the generally accepted practice of ophthalmologists.It should be noted that the distribution of major axis and/or minor axis is arbitrary, therefore do not need the absolute growth of major axis will be longer than the absolute growth of minor axis.This distribution is only intended to the calculating being convenient to the refractive error be associated with the wavefront from eyes.

Shall also be noted that except except an annulus sampling wavefront, multiple annulus with different-diameter of wavefront of can sampling or multiple donut.When doing like this, 2D wave front chart can be obtained and this map is presented to terminal use.By dynamically changing the annulus sampling size of Wavefront sensor, also can run through whole cornea visual field, confirming the aphakia situation of measured.

In another embodiment, can operate MEMS scanning mirror with the concentric ring of the radius by spiral pattern or change before wavelet of sampling, this allows the detection of higher order aberratons.Zernike can be performed decompose to extract all wave front aberration coefficients, comprise higher order aberratons, such as SANYE is poor, coma and spherical aberration.Such as, coma can be determined when increasing or reduce sweep radius by the transverse shifting detecting wavefront.If the quantity of every annulus sample can be divided exactly by 3, then detect SANYE when the delta pattern of a formation reversion when can work as increase or reduce sweep radius poor.

Drive signal amplitude by control SLD launch time and MEMS scanning mirror controls the effective spacing between any two wavefront sampled points.Except the size of sampled aperture before the minimizing wavelet that can be realized (if aperture is electronically variable) by front-end processing system, also by accurately control SLD launch time and the precision of control aspect that reduces SLD pulse width and be increased in MEMS scanning mirror amplitude or position to realize higher spatial accuracy/resolution sampling of wavefront.In this respect, can closed loop servo pattern operation MEMS scanning mirror, wherein MEMS scarnning mirror angle monitor signal is fed back to microprocessor and/or electronic device control system with gated sweep angle drive singal to realize better scan angle control accuracy.On the other hand, equalization is more realized by the size that increases sampled aperture before wavelet or the pulse width that even increases SLD.Therefore, another embodiment of the present disclosure is the equalization more of sampling before the degree of precision/resolution or space wave using electronic device to sample to control SLD and wavefront shift unit/scanner with implementation space wavefront.The sampling of degree of precision/resolution space wavefront is to expect and the refractive error of sampling before average space wave for the wavefront measured in the axle of sphere and cylindricalical value and cylinder or astigmatism is expectation for higher order aberratons measurements.

It should be noted that above mentioned cartesian coordinate translation and rotation are only one in the much possible coordinate system conversion of the calculating that can be used to be convenient to refractive error and wave front aberration.Such as, the non-Cartesian coordinate of such as polar coordinate and so on or the coordinate transform based on non-perpendicular axle can be used.Therefore, the scope that the concept of the calculating of wave front aberration and refractive error is convenient in coordinate transform is used should not to be limited to cartesian coordinate.This conversion can even between cartesian coordinate and polar coordinate.

In practice, the higher order aberrations except sphere and cylindricalical error can be comprised from the wavefront of patient's eye.But, for most of vision correction procedure of such as cataract refractive surgery and so on, usually only correct sphere and cylindricalical error.Therefore, expect the demand of equalization to make to find and the best sphere of regulation and cylinder correction dioptric value and cylinder shaft angle.The disclosure is extremely applicable to as by being averaging centroid trajectory and making centroid trajectory be associated with the one or more ellipses on one or more annulus, together with make barycenter data point and oval be associated time the polarity of major axis and minor axis is taken into account, for gained prescription that form provides has comprised, this application is averaging on the impact of higher order aberrations with sphere and cylindricalical value and cylindrical axes.On the other hand, algorithm and date processing are also how closely to tell terminal use exists how many higher order aberrations in wavefront by calculating barycenter data point with associating of ellipse.

Figure 26 shows the process chart of an example embodiment in decoding sphere and cylindricalical value and cylinder shaft angle.As previously discussed, comprise and internal calibration target to be moved in wavefront relay route with calibration system and obtain the step 2605 of deviation angle, the step 2610 obtaining the relation between SLD pulse daley and skew angle value and the calibration steps of step 2615 that internal calibration target shifted out from wavefront relaying beam path can be performed once (such as before any measurement once a day) or can be performed repeatedly for a lot of real eye measurements, such as before each eyes measurement once.

Once obtain deviation angle information, just there is optional step 2620 to change or to regulate deviation angle, it realizes by the initial phase changing SLD pulse daley or the sine and cosine drive singal that are sent to MEMS scanning mirror.Such as, when spherical reference wavefront, scalable deviation angle is to make in barycenter data point one to aim at X or Y-axis and in this case, not need to carry out Rotating Transition of Coordinate further.This can alleviate the burden on date processing.

In next step 2625, can as discussed from A, B, C, D value to ratiometer (X, Y) barycenter data point position is calculated to modified centroid position value (X ', Y ') and to the centroid position value (Xtr, Ytr) through translation.If the SLD pulse daley that can control relative to MEMS scarnning mirror is to make in barycenter data point one on Xtr or Ytr axle, then relate to from (Xtr, Ytr) to (U, V) Rotating Transition of Coordinate below step 2630 can be optional.

Determining whether wavefront is in the next step 2635 of sphere, we can compare by different way (such as vertical to) or all barycenter data point vectors relative to (Xtr=0, or the size of (U=0, V=0) initial point or length Ytr=0).Such as, if the standard deviation of all vector sizes or length is under predetermined standard value (such as, the value corresponding to being less than 0.25D cylinder), then this wavefront can be regarded as sphere.Alternatively, and if can their size of vector size of more some or all of data point vectors substantially equal and their difference under predetermined standard value, then this wavefront can be regarded as sphere.

In this spheric wave front situation, step 2640 as shown in Figure 26, these data points still can be associated with ellipse by we, but except calculating except substantially equal length or minor axis length, we can be averaging long and minor axis length, and depend on to be the length of plus or minus and the symbol of minor axis or polarity, export the spherical diopter value of average plus or minus.Note, as discussed before, can and the relation that should obtain during the integrated correction stage between dioptric value and length or minor axis length.

Optional subsequent step 2645 sphere dioptric value is as calculated expressed as quantitatively a number and/or is expressed as a circle qualitatively, and wherein circular diameter or radius represent absolute sphere dioptric value and use such as different from circle colors or line pattern to show the symbol of sphere.

On the other hand, if find that wavefront is not sphere, then can suppose to there is astigmatic component.As subsequent step 2650, these data points can be associated with ellipse and calculate the length with polarity and minor axis length (because this value can be plus or minus) and can be grow or the oval angle at minor axis angle.Calculated oval angle, length and minor axis length when, the calibration relation or look-up table that experimentally obtain can be used to calculate sphere and cylindricalical value.Preferred dioptric optical value and length and minor axis length (comprising polarity or symbolic information) are monotonously about with the solution made for certain elliptical only existence anduniquess.As when spheric wave front, optional subsequent step 2655 sphere calculated and cylindricalical value and cylindrical axes is shown as one group of number quantitatively and/or is shown as a circle qualitatively to add a straight line, and wherein circular diameter represents sphere dioptric value, straight length represents cylindricalical value and can represent cylinder shaft angle in the line oriented angle indicated by long thin or dotted line or arrow.Alternatively, display can also be with an ellipse for form qualitatively, and wherein long or minor axis length represents that the difference (considering polarity) of sphere dioptric value, length and minor axis length represents cylindricalical value, and the oval angle of orientation represents cylinder shaft angle.Again, can use such as add from circle straight line represent or the color different with ellipse representation or different line patterns to show the symbol of sphere and cylindricalical value.An embodiment of the present disclosure allows user to select ellipse or circle to add that straight line is to represent the refractive error of patient's eye.

It should be noted that can there is other method a lot of shows refractive error qualitatively.Above mentioned qualitative representation is only illustrative instead of exhaustivity.Such as, this expression can also be wherein its major axis with one independently proportional and its minor axis of cylindricalical angle value with another independently and the proportional ellipse of vertical cylindricalical angle value.In addition, represent that the shaft angle of a cylinder or another cylinder angle can be original angle or be moved 90 °, because depend on the still negative cylinder prescription that terminal use's preference is positive, cylinder shaft angle can be major axis angle or minor axis angle.Alternatively, this expression can also be two orthogonal straight lines, wherein straight line length with one independently proportional the and straight length length that another is orthogonal of cylindricalical value with another independently and vertical cylindricalical value is proportional.

As mentioned before, an embodiment of the present disclosure in the live video image of the eyes of patient, superposes wavefront measurements in qualitative and/or quantitative mode.Shown ellipse or straight line angle also can be depending in the orientation (priority or temporary transient) of surgeon/clinician relative to the eyes of patient, and if temporary transient, then imaging (the right or the left side) is carried out to the orientation of the eyes of patient.For cataract operation, be preferably presented to the cylindrical axes of cataract surgeons and aim at the axle of the more precipitous of cornea to make surgeon can carry out LRI (limbus of corneae loosen otomy) based on presented direction of principal axis.

Pattern recognition algorithm can be utilized to process live eye image to realize eyes alignment for that lie on the back or upright patient position and/or to determine with the axle of the toroid IOL of iris boundary mark (such as crypts) implantation that is benchmark.In addition, live image also can be used to identify specific crystalline lens (natural or artificial) alignment for the aligning of the physical features of optical signalling (measuring from such as wavefront and/or OLCI/OCT) and crystalline lens or iris and/or compare.

Also note, can complete in a different manner from the ellipse length associated and minor axis length to the conversion of dioptric optical value, this depends on the preference of terminal use.As well-known to those skilled in the art, there are three kinds of modes and represent same refractive error prescription.The first is expressed as two independently vertical cylinders, and the second is expressed as sphere and positive cylinder and the third is expressed as sphere and negative cylinder.In addition, this expression can be relative to prescription or actual wavefront.The ellipse of our association in fact directly provides the dioptric value of two independently vertical cylinders.As for from a kind of representation to the conversion of another kind of representation, it is well-known to those skilled in the art.It is emphasized that an embodiment of the present disclosure be use on the occasion of with negative value represent the major axis of the ellipse associated with minor axis and use calibration steps can for the length of plus or minus and the minor axis length cylindricalical value independently vertical with two that also can be plus or minus interrelated.

Note, optometrist, ophthalmologists and optical engineer may use different modes to represent the identical wavefront at cornea at patient's eye or pupil plane place.Such as, optometrist is liked representing to make its prescription for plane or smooth lens for being used to offset inclination of wave front usually; Ophthalmologists tends to like the wavefront at the cornea eye plane place in sphere and cylindricalical value and cylindrical axes to be what direct representation; And optical engineer generally can not use dioptric value and uses the wave front chart of the 2D deviation showing true wavefront and perfect plane or flat wavefront or use the numerical representation of Zernike system of polynomials.An embodiment of the present disclosure is the mutual conversion between the expression that these are different, and this is changed mutually and can be performed by terminal use, because algorithm has been fabricated in a device to do this conversion, therefore selects the form represented to depend on terminal use.

Further improving signal to noise ratio and therefore in accuracy of measurement and/or precision, ellipse can done for a frame (or group) data point or multiframe (or group) data point or circle adding that straight line associates.Alternatively, can be averaging obtained sphere or cylindricalical value and cylinder shaft angle in multiple seizure.Such as, being averaging can simply by being added respectively to the sphere of multiple measurements of determined number and cylindricalical value and having come divided by this given quantity.Similarly, also can be averaging cylinder angle, although due near 0 ° around problem, it can be more complicated, because we report angle from 0 ° to 180 °.As a kind of method, trigonometric function is used to solve this around problem.

It should be noted that front-end processing system as indicated in figure 7 also controls international fixed target except other LED.But inner fixing does not need to be limited to single led or single image, such as from the fire balloon of back lighting.On the contrary, inner fixed target can be regulate with the eyes enabling optical element (such as zoom lens) micro-display combined.By the different pixels illuminating micro-display patient's eye can be made to be fixed on peripheral vision wavefront information that the wave front chart making to obtain such as 2D array and so on is sentenced in different directions.In addition, patient's eye can be made to be fixed on different distance and to sentence the measurement of enabling range of accommodation or amplitude.In addition, fixing micro-display target can be controlled so as to various speed or dutycycle flash of light or flicker, and micro-display can be that coloured micro-display is to make fixed target to change color and can illuminate pattern or speckle.

As mentioned, an embodiment of the present disclosure is in tracking eyes.Figure 27 shows the example process flow figure of eye-tracking algorithms.Involved step comprise use from live eye pupil or iris image eye pupil positional information or such as estimated the step 2705 of the position of eye pupil by other means scanning SLD light beam to detect from the direct reflection and so on of corneal vertex in two dimensions; Regulate SLD light beam scanner to follow the tracks of the step 2710 of eye motion; Always move to make to sample the no matter eye motion from the identical wavefront purpose part of eyes with the DC drive components of scanner/shift unit before SLD light beam regulation pro rata off-set wave to compensate eye pupil; And alternatively, correct the step 2720 of the measurement of wave front aberration.Live image camera provides the vision at the center of (a) iris or the center of (b) limbus of corneae to estimate.By being associated with vision visual field SLD light beam (X, Y) position, SLD can be guided to the same position on cornea.Typically for wavefront sensing, this position departs from axle or the summit of cornea a little, because in this way, the direct reflection of SLD light beam can not be directly back to the location sensing detector/equipment of Wavefront sensor usually.The center of iris or the center of limbus of corneae can be used as reference point to guide SLD light beam.

Note, the specific characteristic of at present disclosed algorithm is the step with the SLD light beam regulation DC drive components of off-set wave front sensor/shift unit pro rata.This is crucial step, because it can guarantee the same section (the identical annulus of such as wavefront) of sampling from the wavefront of eyes.When there is no this step, when eyes transverse shifting, by sampling from the wavefront of eyes different piece and this can cause significant wavefront measurement error.The final step correcting the measurement of wave front aberration, why for optional reason is when having the compensation that can be provided by wavefront scanner/shift unit proportional with SLD light beam regulation, is can pre-determine existing and the astigmatism of the interpolation of all parts through sampling to wavefront taken into account and/or prisms tilted and/or other known aberration component to the result of wavefront measurement.We have illustrated that our refractive error decoding algorithm can automatically be averaging to calculate compromise sphere and cylinder to aberration and filter out prisms tilted by coordinate translation, therefore measure for refractive error, additionally do not need prisms tilted to correct.Although the amount of coordinate translation has been the instruction of the prisms tilted of wavefront from eyes, but for comprising the complete wavefront measurement of prisms tilted, should deduct this additional astigmatism caused by eye tracking and/or prisms tilted and/or other known aberration component, therefore finally correct step and may remain needs.

Another embodiment of the present disclosure selects the diameter of wavefront sampling annulus to make, when only performing wavefront sampling in eye pupil region, the slope sensitivity of the response curve relevant with circle diameter also can be utilized to provide higher measurement sensistivity and/or resolution adaptively.Usually, among all dioptric values of the such as different wave front aberrations of sphere, cylinder and SANYE difference and so on, sphere dioptric value needs maximum coverage usually, because it can change a lot among different eyes and during the cataract operation when natural crystalline lens is removed (that is, eyes are aphakic).On the other hand, when complete cataract operation or close to complete IOL (intraocular lens) be implanted in eyes time, the wavefront from eyes should close to plane, because pseudo-phakic eyes usually should close to emmetropia.For typical dioptometry automatically, sampling is from the wavefront in the only 3mm diameter center region of eye pupil usually.Therefore Wavefront sensor can be designed to provide enough diopter measurement resolution (such as on the effective wavefront sampling circle ring area covering diameter range such as from 1mm to 3mm, 0.1D) and enough diopter coverages (such as ,-30D to+30D).Simultaneously, in order to confirm emmetropia with higher sensitivity and/or wavefront measurement resolution, as long as pupil size is enough large, annulus of can being sampled by wavefront at the end of closing on cataract refractive surgery expands to the diameter of such as 5mm to measure wavefront or the refractive error of pseudo-phakic eyes more exactly.

Figure 28 shows the embodiment flow chart of the algorithm that can realize this concept.Involved step comprise use the eye pupil information that obtains from live eye image to estimate eye pupil size step 2805, use this eye pupil dimension information to determine the maximum gauge of wavefront sampling annulus step 2810 and for pseudo-crystalline lens measure circle diameter increased until as by the determined maximum gauge of step 2810 to realize better diopter resolution.This " amplification " feature can be at user option or automatic.In addition, we also can use PSD ratiometer to export to regulate circle diameter to cover for the dioptric resolution of the best and dynamic range adaptively.

A feature of the present disclosure be by live eye image with or be not combined with pattern recognition algorithm, be combined with wavefront measurement data and leave from designed scope to detect eye face/eyelashes, iris, skin of face, operation tool, surgical hands, the existence of flushing water or eyes.When doing like this, can get rid of " secretly " or " bright " data and can open and close SLD dexterously to save time of exposure, this can make higher SLD power can be delivered to eyes to increase optics or photon signal to noise ratio.Figure 29 shows the example process flow figure that this conception of species is described.Involved step comprises and uses live eye image and/or wavefront sensor signal to detect the existence of the unexpected object in wavefront relaying beam path or eyes are wrong or invalid optional steps 2920 from the position expected and/or the step 2905 left of scope, the step 2910 abandoning " bright " or " secretly " wave front data of mistake, the step 2915 of closing SLD when wave front data is mistake and this wave front data of notification terminal user.

Another embodiment of the present disclosure be on zonule on the retina scanning and/or control incident SLD light beam with mobile speckle, do on average and allow the increase of the luminous power in safety restriction that can be delivered in eyes potentially, this can increase optical s/n ratio.In addition, also can use and such as can move axially lens or zoom lens or distorting lens and dynamically regulate the size of SLD beam divergence/meeting coalescence therefore SLD beam spot size on the retina to make to control SLD spot size on retina to enable the measurement to the more consistent of the wavefront from eyes and/or good alignment.Meanwhile, also can use and such as monitor that SLD on the retina of eyes restraints speckle and monitors SLD beam spot size on retina and/or shape by regulating the identical live eye image sensor of its focus or being exclusively used in individually.Utilize the combination of this feedback and closed loop servo electronics system, static state or the scan pattern of the SLD speckle on retina can be controlled.

Another embodiment of the present disclosure comprises laser as light source for surgery, this laser can combine to be launched by identical optical fiber or another free space beam combiner with SLD light beam, this free space beam combiner can use identical SLD light beam scanner or different scanneies to scan surgical laser bundle for the correction of refractive errors performing eyes, such as LRI (limbus of corneae loosen otomy).Identical laser or different laser also can be used to " labelling " eyes or " guiding " surgeon (that is, " superposition " is on eyes) to make surgeon see laser labelling by operating microscope.

Another embodiment of the present disclosure is the measurement of measuring eye distance when just measuring eyes wavefront and correcting when eye distance changes from the wavefront of eyes.Information about the eye distance to wavefront sensor module is even more important for cataract refractive surgery, because when the natural lens of eyes is removed, namely when eyes are aphakias, wavefront from eyes is high divergence, and as a result, eyes can cause the relatively large change in refractive error or wave-front optical aberration measurement relative to the little axially-movable of wavefront sensor module.We have discussed the correction can how carried out when eyes laterally move away from designed position wavefront.Also similar correction should be done when eyes axially move away from the position that it designs.Carrying out during axis corrects, low optical coherence interferometer (LOCI) or OCT (OCT) can be included in wavefront sensor module and to be used to measure eyes axial distance.Alternatively, the more simple technique of use optical triangulation also can be adopted to measure eye distance.LOCI and OCT is preferred, because except eye distance, they also can carry out ocular bioavailability metering/anatomic measurement.These measure for ophthalmic refractive operation is especially valuable, because they also can disclose effective crystalline lens (natural or artificial) position (if in crystalline lens exist tilt), the thickness of anterior chamber depth, cornea and crystalline lens and eye-length.Utilize as can by OCT system the transversal scanning that realizes, even cornea and/or crystalline lens (natural or artificial) refractive power can be derived in tandem or independently, especially for the situation of aphakic eye.

Another embodiment is that it is two or more for other object to combine in the measurement result that obtained by Wavefront sensor, eye imaging camera and LOCI/OCT.In one embodiment, in conjunction with information can be used to detect optical scattering in the medium of eye system and/or opaque, the existence of the optics bubble in the opaque and eyes of such as cataract, especially after natural crystalline lens is dampened (fracture) by femtosecond laser.In conjunction with information also can be used to detect eyes aphakia state and calculated in real time in operating room (OR) for the IOL prescription needed for target refraction before IOL is implanted as required or just, and/or confirmation dioptric, and/or just after IOL is implanted, find out effective lens position.In addition, in conjunction with information also can be used to the aligning determining patients head, that is, determine that the eyes of patient are whether perpendicular to the optical axis of wavefront sensor module.In addition, in conjunction with information also can be used to perform xerophthalmia detect and notify when surgeon rinses eyes.And, in conjunction with information also can carry out showing to present only preference information to him/her according to by clinician/surgical customization, such as ophthalmic refractive errors before the surgery, IOL prescription under aphakia state and be used to indicate the ophthalmic refractive that such as whether reaches target at the end of performing the operation or multifocal IOL whether suitably between two parties and not significant tilt or when implanting toroid IOL, whether it placed in the middle and rotated the destination indicator of extremely correct shaft angle.Display also can illustrate data integrity designator or confidence designator.

In conjunction with information can be used to further determine whether eyes are aimed at very well, and if do not have, then comprise directivity in the display and guide to tell which kind of mode of surgeon/clinician moves patient's eye or microscope for better aligning.This information also can be used to indicate eye face whether to close or whether exist inside eye pouch the optics bubble that can affect wavefront measurements or fracture/remnants of crystalline lens material that break, whether and to comprise message indicator in the display to indicate wavefront measurement be qualified.

Refer back to Fig. 2, can notice that sub-wavefront focusing lens 220 equally can by the control of electronics system.These lens can be that zoom lens maybe can move axially lens or even distorting lens.These lens object is initiatively made to be with open loop or to close control loop mode to regulate its focal length to make the images/light spot size can dispersing based on the local before the wavelet of sequential sampling or assemble to control to be formed by sub-wavefront focusing lens.This is especially true when performing wavefront sampling around annulus.Such as, measuring for the better inclination of wave front in precision and/or accuracy to realize better response slope sensitivity, Image Speckle can be focused on better on the PSD (quad detectors or transversal effect location sensing detector) of the transverse movement being used to determine Image Speckle.Alternatively, also the Image Speckle before the wavelet of sampling dropped on PSD (quad detectors or transversal effect location sensing detector) can be controlled to the size of certain desired.Such as, for the size that a selection of spot size is as the single quadrant of well-known quad detectors to those skilled in the art.Another possible selection produces compromise high sensitivity and the size of large responding range.Another selection is the Image Speckle size of the gap size of the quad detectors of about twice.Can be depending on the average local before the wavelet of sequential sampling to disperse or assemble and dynamically change these different Image Speckle sizes.

By before dynamically compensated wave or defocusing before DC off-set wave, also can make Image Speckle always drop on quad detectors center or near.Utilize this mode, should lock in size and position and empty each through sampling wavelet before Image Speckle to make to realize the highest sensitivity.Drive singal for wavefront compensation or defocus shift equipment, wavefront shift unit and sub-wavefront focusing lens can be used to accurately to determine each inclination of wave front before the wavelet of sampling.

It should be noted that the configuration of the master computer depending on process wave front data, eye image data, eye distance data, low coherence interferometer data etc., device disclosed at present can complete a large amount of attachments of a task.Such as, master computer can be configured to analyze wave front data with obtain such as refractive error and so on tolerance, show tolerance qualitatively and/or quantitatively and allows surgeon/clinician selection will show qualitatively and/or the mode of quantitative tolerance over the display.Should how in disclosing solution pre-test, terminal use can select wave front aberration to dioptric to the display in the face of the destination indicator of negative cylinder and/or such as emmetropia and so on of prescription and/or positive column.

Master computer also can be configured to allow surgeon/clinician by live patient's eye image/film upset or rotate to preferred orientation.In addition, surgeon/clinician also or can refund as required afterwards and reset and can comprise the record segment of eye image, wavefront measurements and the even expectation of the compound film of low coherence interferometer measurement result at intra-operative.

Most significantly, the bootable surgeon of the disclosure in real time titration vision correction procedure to optimize vision correction procedure result.Such as, its bootable surgeon regulates the IOL position in eyes until measure the optimal layout confirming IOL according to centering, inclination and periphery angle orientation positions.And, the toroid intraocular lens (IOL) that its bootable surgeon rotates implantation correcting/offset astigmatism.Its also bootable surgeon carry out loosen otomy or Medium Culture microlens layer laser (Flexi) of limbus of corneae/cornea and therefore offset astigmatism with titration.

Except optimizing the location of the multifocal IOL implanted, device disclosed at present also can be used to indicate the multifocal IOL implanted whether to have the focusing range of expectation.It also can be used to measure the subject range whether AIOL (adaptation or adaptive IOL) implanted can provide expectation.

Over the display, can provide about how carrying out the guiding in real time of vision correction procedure so that the removing of residual aberration, confirm result and with the value of file record aberration and sensing.Also can automatically or manually numeral " reducing " or the real time information shown by " amplifications " carry out to warn in the wrong or correct direction of surgeon or vision correction practitioner correcting process.When reaching specific rectification degree, shown information becomes projecting form according to font size, runic, pattern or color to confirm to reach the dioptric terminal target of patient in art, such as emmetropia.

Except visual feedback, also can use audible feedback in combination individually or with visual feedback.Such as, audio-frequency information can be provided toroid crystalline lens is rotated to correct/to offset astigmatism to indicate which direction to move IOL for suitable aligning or which direction when being with or without video/graphics information.And, real-time audio signal can be generated to indicate the change of type, by mistake extent and the error of refractive error.The pitch of real-time audio signal, tone and volume can be changed to indicate improvement or the deterioration of the rectification applied during vision correction procedure.The real-time audio signal that can create specific pitch being the cylinder such as with a tone by error marker, the size of this tone showing rod surface error.

A very important application of the present disclosure helps cataract surgeons to determine that, under the aphakia state of patient's eye, whether the IOL focal power of preoperative selection is correct.Real-time aphakia wavefront measurement (preferably together with ocular bioavailability statistical measurement (such as being provided by built-in low coherence interferometer)) can be determined required IOL focal power more accurately and therefore confirm that whether IOL focal power selected is in the preoperative correct, especially selects formula not transmit consistent result for preoperative IOL and carries out the patient of post-operative cornea dioptric process.

Another important application of the present disclosure to monitor during the whole process of cataract operation and wavefront from patient's eye is measured in the change of recording cornea shape and other ocular bioavailability metering/anatomic parameter simultaneously.In OR (operating room), can measure these changes before and after, during cataract operation and the result of various factors as the change of the wavefront that can cause from patient's eye, these changes can be arranged in corneal topography and thickness (measuring as utilized keratometer and pachymetry), anterior chamber depth, lens position and thickness.These factors comprise such as, topical anesthesia, lid speculum, the otch/wound made in cornea, anterior chamber's packing material, intraocular pressure, to the water on cornea/solution flushing, the impact of wound healing, even wound healing with put into practice by surgeon's specific cataract operation wavefront that the surgeon that causes causes and change and affect.

Data about the change of ocular bioavailability metering/anatomic parameter can be used to compensate the impact caused by various factors.Wavefront result from the healing of otch/wound can be therefore predicted and be used to the objective eye dioptric of the certain desired arranging cataract operation.Built-in or the outside corneal topography instrument system/keratometer that can use built-in OCT and eyes camera and can be attached to operating microscope or disclosed device at present just measures before surgery and just cornea shape after surgery and other ocular bioavailability metering/anatomic parameter.Can before and after applying topical anesthesia, be devoted to keep before and after eye face opens at eye face specula, when patient is in supine position, in OR, carry out just measurement before the surgery.Before incisional wounds is sealed, in OR, perioperative measurement is carried out after can making otch in cornea, after removing cataractous lens and anterior chamber and being filled with particular gel (OVD, viscoelasticity ocular implant device (Ophthalmic Viscosurgical Device)) before artificial intraocular lens is implanted, after IOL is implanted.Can just carry out in OR equally when patient is still in supine position after surgeon sealing cut/wound but before eye face specula is removed and after eye face specula is removed with regard to measurement after the procedure.

Therefore the data obtained about cornea shape and the change of other ocular bioavailability metering/anatomic parameter can be combined with glances pre-test data and be saved in a database.Can several weeks after the procedure or several months otch/wound completely carry out another measurement taken turns and glances can be collected after healing before and the difference of cornea shape and/or ocular bioavailability statistical parameter or change.Therefore can set up and process nominal data storehouse needs to be configured to have produced after healing completely at wound the vision correction result of final expectation just target refraction after cataract surgery to calculate.In this way, comprise aberration that even surgeon causes (being such as such as accustomed to by the corneal incision of specific personalization the astigmatism that causes) will be taken into account.

Wavefront sensor disclosed at present can be combined for large-scale application with other ophthalmological instruments various.Such as, it can with femto-second laser or excimer laser be integrated to break for LASIK or crystalline lens or for aiming at and/or guiding or melt for the closed loop of ocular tissue on " otch ".Before and after, during ocular surgical procedure, in crystalline lens or anterior chamber, optics bubble whether can be there is with instruction in conjunction with live eye image, OLCI/OCT data and wave front data.Alternatively, Wavefront sensor also can be integrated or be fitted to slit lamp biomicroscope with slit lamp biomicroscope.

The present invention also can be integrated or combine with ADAPTIVE OPTICS SYSTEMS.Distorting lens or can be used to carry out real-time wavefront manipulation partially or even wholly to compensate some or all in wavefront error based on the transmission wavefront compensator of LC (liquid crystal).

In addition, disclosed at present Wavefront sensor also can be combined with the intraocular pressure of other type any (IOP) measuring device.In one embodiment, it even can be used directly to detect IOP by measuring the eyes wavefront variation relevant with the heartbeat of patient.It also can be used directly to calibrate IOP.

These embodiments also can be configured to measurement optics, glasses and/or glass, IOL and/or guide the cutting/process equipment creating these optics.These embodiments also can be adapted to the microscope for cell and/or analysis of molecules or other metrology applications.The present invention also can be used to lens making, glasses confirmation, microbiology application etc.

Although illustrate and described each embodiment in conjunction with teaching of the present invention herein, those skilled in the art can be easy to get along and still combine a lot of embodiments that other change of these enlightenments.

Claims

1. a Wavefront sensor, comprising:

Wavefront scan module 615, the inclination of wave front being configured to export the wavefront light beam returned from measured's eyes is measured;

Biometric/anatomic measurement equipment 197, is configured to the biometric/anatomic measurement exporting described measured's eyes; And

Processing system 710,750, be coupled to described scan module and described biometric/anatomic measurement equipment, be configured to during operation process, process biometric/anatomic measurement and export to determine eye state information and export eye state information and inclination of wave front information during described operation process simultaneously.

2. Wavefront sensor as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, it is one or more that described biometric/anatomic measurement comprises in the measurement of axial eye distance, anterior chamber depth, corneal thickness, corneal refractive power and crystalline lens refractive power.

3. Wavefront sensor as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described processing system is configured to process biometric/anatomic measurement further to measure the scattering of the medium in described measured's eyes and/or opaque, the existence of the opaque or optics bubble of such as cataract.

4. Wavefront sensor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described biometric/anatomic measurement equipment is OCT.

5. Wavefront sensor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described biometric/anatomic measurement equipment is low optical coherence interferometer.

6. Wavefront sensor as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, comprise further:

Imageing sensor 162, is configured to the image exporting described measured's eyes; And

Wherein said processing system is configured to process described image to determine the lateral separation of described measured's eyes further.

7. Wavefront sensor as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, comprise further:

Wherein said processing system is configured to process described image to determine pupil size further.