CN104834803B - Battery maximum allowable power computational methods and device - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of battery maximum allowable power computational methods and device, wherein, method comprises the following steps：Obtain the polarized state of battery when kth time samples and obtain the polarized state parameter and state-of-charge of battery；Polarized state parameter during+nT samplings of kth is calculated according to polarized state parameter during kth time sampling；The state-of-charge of battery when calculating+nT samplings of kth according to state-of-charge during kth time sampling and the actual capacity of battery；The maximum allowable power of the battery in+nT samplings of kth is calculated according to the state-of-charge of battery during the+nT samplings of polarized state parameter during kth+nT samplings and kth.The method of the embodiment of the present invention is calculated the maximum allowable power of battery by increasing the polarized state of battery, makes result of calculation more accurate, reduces calculation error, improves computational accuracy, ensures the service life of battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electric automobiles, in particular to a method and a device for calculating maximum allowable power of a battery.
Background
The power of the electric automobile is often limited by the maximum allowable power or current, and under the condition of normal use, the output required by a load (such as a driving motor) is within the range of the maximum allowable power limit, and the battery can output any power value. However, if the power required to be output by the load exceeds the limit range, the maximum voltage, the minimum voltage and the maximum current of the bus bar exceed the allowable range, which easily causes irreversible degradation of the battery, thereby shortening the service life of the battery.
In the related art, the battery management system usually employs real-time transmission of the maximum available input/output power, so as to limit the power that a load (such as a driving motor) draws or brakes from the battery and feeds back to the battery. However, when the maximum allowable power is calculated in the related art, the polarization state of the battery is not taken as the state variable, so that an error is generated in the calculation result, the calculation accuracy is reduced, and an undervoltage (output) or overvoltage (input) fault is easily generated in the battery.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for calculating the maximum allowable power of a battery, which can reduce the calculation error and improve the calculation accuracy.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a device for calculating the maximum allowable power of a battery.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of an aspect of the present invention provides a method for calculating a maximum allowable power of a battery, including the following steps: acquiring the polarization state of the battery during the kth sampling and acquiring the polarization state parameter and the charge state of the battery, wherein k is a positive integer; calculating the polarization state parameter at the k + nT sampling according to the polarization state parameter at the k sampling, wherein n is a positive integer, and T is a sampling period; calculating the charge state of the battery at the k + nT sampling according to the charge state at the k sampling and the actual capacity of the battery; and calculating the maximum allowable power of the battery at the sampling time of the (k + nT) th time according to the polarization state parameter at the sampling time of the (k + nT) th time and the charge state of the battery at the sampling time of the (k + nT) th time.
According to the method for calculating the maximum allowable power of the battery, which is provided by the embodiment of the invention, the polarization state of the battery during the kth sampling is obtained, and the polarization state parameter and the charge state of the battery are obtained, so that the polarization state parameter during the kth + nT sampling is calculated according to the polarization state parameter, and the charge state during the kth + nT sampling is calculated according to the charge state and the actual capacity of the battery, the maximum allowable power of the battery during the kth + nT sampling is calculated according to the polarization state parameter and the charge state during the kth + nT sampling, the maximum allowable power of the battery is calculated by increasing the polarization state of the battery, the calculated maximum allowable power is more accurate, the calculation error is reduced, the calculation precision is improved, and the service life of the battery is ensured.
In addition, the method for calculating the maximum allowable power of the battery according to the above embodiment of the present invention may further have the following additional technical features:
further, in one embodiment of the present invention, the polarization state of the battery at the k-th sampling is obtained and the polarization state parameter and the state of charge of the battery are obtained through a battery equivalent circuit having a first RC circuit and a second RC circuit.
Further, in one embodiment of the present invention, the polarization state parameter of the battery is obtained by the following formula:
wherein R is s A first resistance, R, representing the first RC circuit l A second resistance, C, representing said second RC circuit s A first capacitance, C, representing said first RC circuit l A second capacitance, U, representing said second RC circuit s Representing the voltage of said first resistance, U l Representing the voltage of said second resistance, i (k) Represents the current, U, of the equivalent circuit of the battery at the kth sampling s(k+nT) Represents the voltage of the first resistor at the time of sampling at the k + nT times, U l(k+nT) Represents the voltage of the second resistor at the time of sampling at the k + nT time.
Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the state of charge of the battery is obtained by a charge accumulation method, and the formula is as follows:
wherein, SOC (k) Representing the state of charge of the battery at the kth sampling, C representing the actual capacity of the battery, eta representing the coulombic efficiency, SOC of the battery (k+nT) Representing the state of charge of the battery at the k + nT sample.
Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the method further includes: and acquiring the internal resistance of the battery according to the temperature and the charge state of the battery.
In another aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a device for calculating a maximum allowed power of a battery, where the device includes: the device comprises a first acquisition module, a second acquisition module and a third acquisition module, wherein the first acquisition module is used for acquiring the polarization state of a battery during the kth sampling and acquiring the polarization state parameters and the charge state of the battery, and k is a positive integer; the state parameter calculation module is used for calculating the polarization state parameter at the sampling of the (k + nT) th time according to the polarization state parameter at the sampling of the (k) th time, wherein n is a positive integer, and T is a sampling period; the charge state calculation module is used for calculating the charge state of the battery at the k + nT sampling according to the charge state at the k sampling and the actual capacity of the battery; and the allowed power calculation module is used for calculating the maximum allowed power of the battery at the k + nT sampling according to the polarization state parameter at the k + nT sampling and the charge state of the battery at the k + nT sampling.
According to the maximum allowable power calculation device for the battery provided by the embodiment of the invention, the polarization state of the battery at the k-th sampling is obtained, and the polarization state parameter and the charge state of the battery are obtained, so that the polarization state parameter at the k + nT sampling is calculated according to the polarization state parameter, and the charge state at the k + nT sampling is calculated according to the charge state and the actual capacity of the battery, therefore, the maximum allowable power of the battery at the k + nT sampling is calculated according to the polarization state parameter and the charge state at the k + nT sampling, the polarization state of the battery is increased to calculate the maximum allowable power of the battery, the calculated maximum allowable power is more accurate, the calculation error is reduced, the calculation precision is improved, and the service life of the battery is ensured.
In addition, the device for calculating the maximum allowable power of the battery according to the above embodiment of the present invention may further have the following additional technical features:
further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the first obtaining module obtains the polarization state of the battery at the kth sampling through a battery equivalent circuit having a first RC circuit and a second RC circuit, and obtains the polarization state parameter and the state of charge of the battery.
Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the state parameter calculation module obtains the polarization state parameter of the battery by the following formula:
wherein R is s A first resistance, R, representing the first RC circuit l A second resistance, C, representing said second RC circuit s A first capacitance, C, representing said first RC circuit l A second capacitance, U, representing said second RC circuit s Representing the voltage of said first resistance, U l Representing the voltage of said second resistance, i (k) Represents the current, U, of the equivalent circuit of the battery at the kth sampling s(k+nT) Represents the voltage of the first resistor at the time of sampling at the k + nT times, U l(k+nT) Represents the voltage of the second resistor at the time of sampling at the k + nT time.
Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the state of charge calculation module obtains the state of charge of the battery through an electric quantity accumulation method, and a formula is as follows:
therein, SOC (k) Representing the state of charge of the battery at the kth sampling, C representing the actual capacity of the battery, eta representing the coulombic efficiency, SOC of the battery (k+nT) Representing the state of charge of the battery at the k + nT sample.
Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus further includes: and the second acquisition module is used for acquiring the internal resistance of the battery according to the temperature and the charge state of the battery.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The above and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for calculating a maximum allowable power of a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of an equivalent circuit of a battery according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a device for calculating maximum allowable power of a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention; and
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for calculating the maximum allowable power of a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "fixed," and the like are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, "above" or "below" a first feature means that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact with each other via another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature "on," "above" and "over" the second feature may include the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply meaning that the first feature is at a lesser level than the second feature.
Before describing the method and apparatus for calculating the maximum allowable power of a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention, a brief description will be given of a technique for calculating the maximum allowable power of a battery in the related art.
In the related art, a method is generally adopted to obtain the maximum available output and output Power, i.e., the maximum allowable Power, of the battery at different temperatures and different SOCs (states Of Charge) through HPPC (Hybrid Pulse Power characteristics) tests, and obtain a corresponding table Of temperature (T) -State Of Charge (SOC), such as table 1. The HPPC pulse specifically refers to that after the batteries adjusted to different SOCs and temperatures are put for 1 hour, the batteries are charged and discharged for 10s with the maximum current acceptable by the batteries, and the maximum available input or output power is calculated according to the related voltage and time in the test process.
TABLE 1
| -20℃ | -10℃ | 0℃ | 10℃ | 15℃ | 20℃ | 25℃ | 45℃ | 55℃ | 60℃ | 65℃ | |
| 0％ | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 5％ | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 |
| 10％ | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 0 |
| 15％ | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 10 | 5 | 0 |
| 20％ | 10 | 10 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 40 | 10 | 5 | 0 |
| 25％ | 10 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 30 | 50 | 60 | 60 | 10 | 5 | 0 |
| 30％ | 10 | 20 | 30 | 30 | 40 | 60 | 70 | 70 | 10 | 5 | 0 |
| 40％ | 10 | 30 | 30 | 40 | 50 | 70 | 80 | 80 | 10 | 5 | 0 |
| 50％ | 10 | 40 | 40 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 80 | 80 | 10 | 5 | 0 |
| 60％ | 10 | 40 | 40 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 80 | 80 | 10 | 5 | 0 |
| 70％ | 10 | 40 | 40 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 | 80 | 10 | 5 | 0 |
| 80％ | 10 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 | 80 | 10 | 5 | 0 |
| 90％ | 10 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 | 80 | 10 | 5 | 0 |
| 100％ | 10 | 40 | 50 | 60 | 70 | 80 | 90 | 80 | 10 | 5 | 0 |
Since one HPPC pulse can only obtain one power value at one temperature and one SOC point, one SOC point needs to be tested at each temperature to obtain the contents of the entire table in order to obtain the table. Based on the above table, during the operation of the Battery, the BMS (Battery Management System) estimates the current state of the Battery, for example, when the current temperature of the Battery is at 20 ℃ and the SOC is at 50%, the maximum allowable power of the Battery is 80 kw at the intersection point of 20 ℃ and 50%. If the current state of the battery is not exactly at the intersection of the tables, the BMS is also required to derive the power value by interpolation. For example, if the battery temperature is 17 ℃ and the SOC is 50%, the battery temperature needs to be obtained by interpolation of 20 ℃, a power value 80 kw at 50% and a power value 70 kw at 15 ℃ and 50%, taking linear interpolation as an example:
the method is used for obtaining the power value of 74 kilowatts of the battery in the current state (the temperature is 17 ℃ and the SOC is 50%), and similarly, the maximum allowable power when the temperature is at the table intersection and the SOC is not at the table intersection can also be obtained, and the method can be comprehensively used for obtaining the maximum allowable power of the battery in the state that the temperature and the SOC are not at the table intersection.
The state variables of the battery may include the SOC, the temperature, and the state of aging. The method can also be continuously operated to continuously obtain the state variable of the battery so as to continuously obtain the maximum allowable power of the battery.
However, in the related art, the state variables of the battery system are SOC1, T1 and the power value obtained by the method in the related art is P1, which indicates that the battery system can be discharged or charged with the power of P1 for 10s in the current battery state (or discharged with a constant current for 10s and the battery voltage is equal to the minimum or maximum voltage limit, which is considered to be a current limit or a voltage limit), calculated continuously during the running of the vehicle, and at the time T1 after the battery passes for a period of time such as 5s, the state variables of the battery become SOC2, T2 and the maximum allowable power P2 obtained by the method in the related art. It should be noted that P2 actually represents the meaning that the battery can output or input for 10s at P2 after being left for 1h in SOC2 and T2 states, and actually, because the battery has been discharged or charged for 5 seconds at time T0 to T1 according to the power of P1, the polarization degree of the battery is completely different from that of the battery left for 1h at the beginning of each pulse in the HPPC test, and the actual input or output power value of the battery at this time is theoretically lower than P2, and once the load inputs or outputs according to P2, the battery will have undervoltage (output) or overvoltage (input) faults.
It can be seen that the polarization state is a state of the battery, and is not applied as a state variable of the battery to the related art to calculate the maximum allowable power of the battery. That is, if a specific state of the battery is described by only SOC and temperature, it is not sufficient because the state may be achieved by discharging or charging, and the states achieved by discharging and charging may correspond to the same SOC and temperature, but the maximum allowable power, i.e., the available charging power and discharging power, may be substantially different, which may cause calculation errors, decrease the calculation accuracy, and shorten the service life of the battery.
The present invention is based on the above problems, and provides a method and a device for calculating maximum allowable power of a battery.
The following describes a method and an apparatus for calculating a maximum allowable power of a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings, and first, a method for calculating a maximum allowable power of a battery according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Referring to fig. 1, the method includes the steps of:
s101, obtaining the polarization state of the battery during the kth sampling and obtaining the polarization state parameters and the charge state of the battery, wherein k is a positive integer.
In one embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 2, the polarization state of the battery at the k-th sampling is obtained and the polarization state parameter and the state of charge of the battery are obtained through a battery equivalent circuit having a first RC circuit 10 and a second RC circuit 20. In the figure, the voltage source 30 simulates a battery, and the voltage source 30 can output different voltages according to the state of charge of the battery.
And S102, calculating the polarization state parameter at the sampling of the (k + nT) th time according to the polarization state parameter at the sampling of the (k) th time, wherein n is a positive integer, and T is a sampling period.
Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 2, the polarization state parameter of the battery is obtained by the following formula:
wherein R is s First resistors R1, R of the first RC circuit 10 l Second resistance R2, C representing a second RC-circuit 20 s RepresentFirst capacitances C1, C of the first RC-circuit 10 l Second capacitance C2, U representing the second RC-circuit 20 s Representing the voltage, U, of the first resistor R1 l Representing the voltage, i, of the second resistor R2 (k) Represents the current, U, of the equivalent circuit of the battery at the kth sampling s(k+nT) Represents the voltage, U, of the first resistor R1 at the time of sampling at the k + nT l(k+nT) The voltage of the second resistor R2 at the sampling time k + nT is shown.
And S103, calculating the charge state of the battery at the k + nT sampling time according to the charge state at the k sampling time and the actual capacity of the battery.
Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 2, the state of charge of the battery is obtained by a charge accumulation method, and the formula is as follows:
therein, SOC (k) Representing the state of charge of the battery at the kth sampling, C representing the actual capacity of the battery, eta representing the coulombic efficiency, SOC of the battery (k+nT) Representing the state of charge of the battery at the k + nT sample.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2, the reaction mechanism inside the battery is complex, and a battery equivalent circuit is usually used to simulate and describe the excitation response characteristic of the battery, and the battery is simulated by the voltage source 30. Wherein, U OC Representing the electromotive force, R, of a battery, such as a voltage source 30 0 The first resistor R1, the second resistor R2, the first capacitor C1, and the second capacitor C2 are elements representing transient response characteristics of the battery, respectively. By U s The voltage across the first resistor R1 is represented by U l The voltage at two ends of the second resistor R2 is shown, U is the terminal voltage of the voltage source 30, i is the charging and discharging current of the voltage source 30, discharging is positive, charging is negative, and the battery equivalent circuit can simulate the excitation response characteristic of the battery with satisfactory precision. That is, if the state of the battery equivalent circuit is known at time k, k + nT (T is a sampling period) can be estimated from the excitation current in the circuitN is a positive integer) of the battery equivalent circuit at the time. Briefly explained below by taking the example of k +1 times sampling, the equivalent circuit of the battery can be described by the following equation:
(formula 1)
U＝U OC -R 0 i-U s -U l
Wherein, U s And U l The two parameters respectively represent the polarization state of the voltage source 30, and can be used as the state variables of the voltage source 30 to discretize the equation system to let
Where k denotes the kth sample of a state variable and k +1 denotes the kth +1 sample of a state variable, e.g. U s(k) The voltage of a first resistor R1 in the battery equivalent circuit during the k-th sampling is represented, T represents the sampling period, and after discretization, an equation system becomes:
further, since short-time characteristics such as 10s,30s are often adopted when predicting the maximum allowable power of the battery, the SOC of the voltage source 30 may be obtained in a short time by a power consumption integration method:
(formula 2)
Where SOC represents the state of charge of the voltage source 30, C represents the actual capacity of the voltage source 30, and η is the coulombic efficiency of the voltage source 30, then:
(formula 3)
Then according to equation 1 there is:
U (k+1) ＝U oc(k+1) -R 0(k+1) i (k+1) -U s(k+1) -U l(k+1) (formula 4)
Further, letEquation 3 can be expressed as:
U (k+1) ＝U oc(k+1) -R 0(k+1) i (k+1) -(0 1 1)x (k+1) 。
and S104, calculating the maximum allowable power of the battery at the sampling time of the (k + nT) th time according to the polarization state parameter at the sampling time of the (k + nT) th time and the charge state of the battery at the sampling time of the (k + nT) th time.
Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, taking the maximum discharge power after 10s (denoted by k +100 below) from the k-th time point that needs to be predicted as an example, assuming that the sampling period T is 0.1s and the single minimum limit is Vmin, the voltage of the voltage source 30 at the k +100 time point is calculated by using the voltage of the voltage source 30 at the k time point after 10s, and the following formula is provided:
U (k+100) ＝U oc(k+100) -R 0(k+100) i (k+100) -(0 1 1)x (k+100) >, vmin, (formula 5)
It should be noted that, because the internal resistance R3 of the voltage source 30 is relatively constant, it can be considered that the variation is small within 10s, and therefore, the embodiment of the present invention considers that:
R 0(k+100) ＝R 0(k) (formula 6)
Since the discharge is constant current for 10s, i (k+100) ＝i (k) = i, and since OCV (Open circuit voltage) and SOC have a unique correspondence relationship, if the correspondence relationship between OCV and SOC is considered to be approximately linear in a short time of 10s, then:
U oc(k+100) ＝U oc(k) +κ(SOC (k+100) -SOC (k) )，
wherein, the first and the second end of the pipe are connected with each other,kk represents the corresponding curve of OCV and SOC at SOC (k) The slope of the tangent at (b), then equation 6 can be rewritten according to equation 2:
(formula 7)
Again, from equation 3, it follows:
(formula 8)
Further, formula 6, formula 7, formula 8 are substituted for formula 5 to obtain:
(formula 9)
According to equation 9, it can be found that:
(formula 10)
Wherein, the right side of the inequality of the equation 10 is a known quantity at the time k, and then the maximum discharge current after 10s from the time k is obtained as i, and the maximum allowable power is i × V min 。
Further, for the maximum allowed charging power, there are similarly:
(formula 11)
In summary, taking discharge as an example: in order to obtain a 10s later voltage source 30 is just dropped to V min The present invention utilizes a battery equivalent circuit model to simulate the excitation response characteristic of the battery, and the output (terminal voltage U) of the battery equivalent circuit is obtained from the current state and the input (excitation current i, unknown quantity) of the battery equivalent circuit in the form of a recurrence equation, while the present invention has the advantage that the excitation current i is unknownEmbodiments utilize a reasonable approximation to simplify inequality 5, resulting in a maximum allowable discharge current, and thus a maximum allowable discharge power, by solving inequality 9. In the initial state of the battery equivalent circuit, since the voltage source 30 does not undergo overdischarge or charge, there is no polarization phenomenon, so U s And U l Is 0.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the embodiment of the present invention takes a battery equivalent circuit having two RC circuits as an example, and may also be simplified to one RC circuit or increased to more than three RC circuits. In which, according to the description equation of equation 1, the embodiment of the present invention utilizes its recursion equation to derive the minimum allowable discharge voltage V to which the terminal voltage of the battery is lowered or raised for a short time (i.e., the discharge or charge time to be predicted, such as 10 s) without knowing the excitation current min Or maximum allowable charging voltage V max The required current, and according to the current and V min 、V max The maximum allowed power, i.e. the maximum allowed discharge or charge power, is derived.
Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 2, the method further includes: and acquiring the internal resistance of the battery according to the temperature and the charge state of the battery. That is, the internal resistance of the battery, such as the internal resistance R3 of the voltage source 30, in the embodiment of the present invention may be different according to the temperature and the SOC, and therefore, the table can be obtained by using the SOC and the temperature as output quantities through a data table measured in advance.
In the embodiment of the invention, the embodiment of the invention can be used for calculating the maximum charging and discharging power of the single batteries, so that the maximum power of a battery system (the battery system is formed by connecting the single batteries in series and in parallel) can be obtained according to the maximum allowable power of the single batteries, and the state variable describing the battery is increased by U s ，U l The state variables of the two batteries fully consider the influence of the polarization effect of the batteries on the calculation of the maximum allowable power of the batteries, so that the maximum allowable discharge power and the maximum allowable charge power of the batteries after a short time (such as 10 s) can be predicted more accurately, and the maximum allowable discharge power and the maximum allowable charge power of the batteries after different time periods (such as 5s,10s,20s and 30s) can be predicted flexibly by the embodiment of the inventionThe charging and discharging power does not need to spend a large amount of time to carry out actual measurement experiments, errors caused by the fact that the complicated and changeable battery polarization states cannot be considered in the actual measurement experiments can be avoided, the calculation precision is improved, and the maximum allowable power of the battery for a certain time (taking 10s as an example) for load use can be predicted in real time based on the current state (SOC and polarization state) of the battery in the running or charging process of the vehicle.
According to the method for calculating the maximum allowable power of the battery provided by the embodiment of the invention, the polarization state of the battery in the k-th sampling is obtained, the polarization state parameter and the charge state of the battery are obtained, the polarization state parameter in the k + nT sampling is calculated according to the polarization state parameter, the charge state in the k + nT sampling is calculated according to the charge state and the actual capacity of the battery, the maximum allowable power of the battery in the k + nT sampling is calculated according to the polarization state parameter and the charge state in the k + nT sampling, the polarization state of the battery is increased by using a battery equivalent circuit to calculate the maximum allowable power of the battery, the calculated maximum allowable power is more accurate, the maximum allowable power in a preset battery short term is realized, the calculation error is reduced, the calculation precision is improved, the calculation is simple and convenient, and the service life of the battery is better ensured.
Next, a proposed battery maximum allowable power calculation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to the drawings. Referring to fig. 3, the computing device 100 includes: a first acquisition module 101, a state parameter calculation module 102, a state of charge calculation module 103 and an allowed power calculation module 104.
The first obtaining module 101 is configured to obtain a polarization state of the battery at the kth sampling, and obtain a polarization state parameter and a charge state of the battery, where k is a positive integer. The state parameter calculating module 102 is configured to calculate a polarization state parameter at the time of sampling (k + nT) according to the polarization state parameter at the time of sampling (k), where n is a positive integer and T is a sampling period. The state of charge calculation module 103 is configured to calculate the state of charge of the battery at the k + nT sampling according to the state of charge at the k sampling and the actual capacity of the battery. The allowable power calculation module 104 is configured to calculate the maximum allowable power of the battery at the k + nT sampling according to the polarization state parameter at the k + nT sampling and the state of charge of the battery at the k + nT sampling.
In one embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 2, the first obtaining module 101 obtains the polarization state of the battery at the k-th sampling and obtains the polarization state parameter and the state of charge of the battery 30 through a battery equivalent circuit having a first RC circuit 10 and a second RC circuit 20. In the figure, the voltage source 30 simulates a battery, and the voltage source 30 can output different voltages according to the state of charge of the battery.
Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 2, the polarization state parameter passed through the state parameter calculation module 102 is expressed by the following formula:
wherein R is s Represents the first resistor R1, R of the first RC-circuit 10 l Second resistance R2, C representing a second RC-circuit 20 s Representing the first capacitance C1, C of the first RC-circuit 10 l A second capacitance C2, U representing a second RC-circuit 20 s Representing the voltage, U, of the first resistor R1 l Representing the voltage, i, of the second resistor R2 (k) Represents the current, U, of the equivalent circuit of the battery at the kth sampling s(k+nT) Represents the voltage, U, of the first resistor R1 at the time of sampling at the k + nT l(k+nT) The voltage of the second resistor R2 at the sampling time k + nT is shown.
And S103, calculating the charge state of the battery at the sampling of the (k + nT) th time according to the charge state at the sampling of the (k) th time and the actual capacity of the battery.
Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 2, the state of charge calculation module 103 obtains the state of charge of the battery through an electric quantity accumulation method, where the formula is:
therein, SOC (k) Representing the state of charge of the battery at the kth sampling, C representing the actual capacity of the battery, eta representing the coulombic efficiency, SOC of the battery (k+nT) Representing the state of charge of the battery at the k + nT sample.
Specifically, referring to fig. 2, the reaction mechanism inside the battery is complex, and a battery equivalent circuit is usually used to simulate and describe the excitation response characteristic of the battery, and the battery is simulated by the voltage source 30. Wherein, U OC Representing the electromotive force, R, of a battery, such as a voltage source 30 0 The first resistor R1, the second resistor R2, the first capacitor C1, and the second capacitor C2 are elements representing transient response characteristics of the battery, respectively. By U s The voltage across the first resistor R1 is represented by U l The voltage across the second resistor R2 is shown, U is the terminal voltage of the voltage source 30, i is the charging and discharging current of the voltage source 30, discharging is positive, charging is negative, and the battery equivalent circuit can simulate the excitation response characteristic of the battery with satisfactory precision. That is, if the state of the battery equivalent circuit is known at time k, the state of the battery equivalent circuit at time k + nT (T is a sampling period, and n is a positive integer) can be estimated from the excitation current in the circuit. Briefly explained below by taking k +1 samples as an example, the equivalent circuit of the battery can be described by the following equation:
(formula 1)
U＝U OC -R 0 i-U s -U l
Wherein, U s And U l The two parameters represent the polarization state of the voltage source 30, and can be used as the state variables of the voltage source 30 to discretize the equation set
Where k denotes the kth sample of a state variable and k +1 denotes the state variableThe (k + 1) th sample, e.g. U s(k) The voltage of a first resistor R1 in the battery equivalent circuit during the k-th sampling is represented, T represents the sampling period, and after discretization, an equation system becomes:
further, since short-time characteristics such as 10s,30s are often adopted when predicting the maximum allowable power of the battery, the SOC of the voltage source 30 may be obtained in a short time by a power consumption integration method:
(formula 2)
Where SOC represents the state of charge of the voltage source 30, C represents the actual capacity of the voltage source 30, and η is the coulombic efficiency of the voltage source 30, then:
(formula 3)
Then according to equation 1 there is:
U (k+1) ＝U oc(k+1) -R 0(k+1) i (k+1) -U s(k+1) -U l(k+1) (formula 4)
Further, makeEquation 3 can be expressed as:
U (k+1) ＝U oc(k+1) -R 0(k+1) i (k+1) -(0 1 1)x (k+1) 。
further, in an embodiment of the present invention, taking the maximum discharge power after 10s (denoted by k +100 below) from the k-th time point to be predicted as an example, assuming that the sampling period T is 0.1s and the single minimum limit is Vmin, the voltage of the voltage source 30 at the k +100 time point is calculated from the voltage of the voltage source 30 at the k time point after 10s, and the following formula is provided:
U (k+100) ＝U oc(k+100) -R 0(k+100) i (k+100) -(0 1 1)x (k+100) >, vmin, (formula 5)
It should be noted that, because the internal resistance R3 of the voltage source 30 is relatively constant, it can be considered that the variation ratio is small within 10s, and therefore, the embodiment of the present invention considers that:
R 0(k+100) ＝R 0(k) (formula 6)
Since the discharge is constant current for 10s, i (k+100) ＝i (k) = i, and since OCV and SOC have a unique correspondence relationship, if the correspondence relationship between OCV and SOC is considered to be approximately linear in a short time of 10s, then:
U oc(k+100) ＝U oc(k) +κ(SOC (k+100) -SOC (k) )，
wherein, KK represents the corresponding curve of OCV and SOC at SOC (k) The slope of the tangent at (b), then equation 6 can be rewritten according to equation 2:
(formula 7)
Again, from equation 3, it follows:
(formula 8)
Further, formula 6, formula 7, formula 8 are substituted for formula 5 to obtain:
(formula 9)
According to equation 9, it can be found that:
(formula 10)
Wherein, the right side of the inequality of the formula 10 is a known quantity of the k time, and then the known quantity of the k time can be obtainedThe maximum discharge current after 10s is i, and the maximum allowable power is i × V min 。
Further, for the maximum allowed charging power, there are similarly:
(formula 11)
In summary, taking discharge as an example: in order to obtain a 10s later voltage source 30 is just dropped to V min The embodiment of the invention utilizes a battery equivalent circuit model to simulate the excitation response characteristic of the battery, and obtains the output (terminal voltage U) of the battery equivalent circuit from the current state and the input (excitation current i, unknown quantity) of the battery equivalent circuit in a recursion equation form, and because the excitation current i is unknown, the embodiment of the invention utilizes reasonable approximation to simplify inequality 5, thereby obtaining the maximum allowable discharge current by solving the inequality 9 and further obtaining the maximum allowable discharge power. In the initial state of the battery equivalent circuit, since the voltage source 30 does not undergo overdischarge or charge, there is no polarization phenomenon, so U s And U l Is 0.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the embodiment of the present invention takes a battery equivalent circuit having two RC circuits as an example, and may also be simplified to one RC circuit or increased to more than three RC circuits. In which, according to the description equation of equation 1, the embodiment of the present invention utilizes its recursion equation to derive the minimum allowable discharge voltage V to which the terminal voltage of the battery is lowered or raised for a short time (i.e., the discharge or charge time to be predicted, such as 10 s) without knowing the excitation current min Or maximum allowable charging voltage V max The required current, and according to the current and V min 、V max The maximum allowed power, i.e. the maximum allowed discharge or charge power, is derived.
Further, in an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 2, the computing apparatus 100 further includes: a second acquisition module 105. The second obtaining module 105 is configured to obtain the internal resistance of the battery according to the temperature and the state of charge of the battery. That is, the internal resistance of the battery, such as the internal resistance R3 of the voltage source 30, in the embodiment of the present invention may be different according to the temperature and the SOC, and therefore, the table can be obtained by using the SOC and the temperature as output quantities through a data table measured in advance.
In the embodiment of the invention, the embodiment of the invention can be used for calculating the maximum charging and discharging power of the single batteries, so that the maximum power of a battery system (the battery system is formed by connecting the single batteries in series and in parallel) can be obtained according to the maximum allowable power of the single batteries, and the state variable describing the battery is increased by U s ，U l The state variables of the two batteries fully consider the influence of the polarization effect of the batteries on the calculation of the maximum allowable power of the batteries, so that the maximum allowable discharge power and the maximum allowable discharge power of the batteries after a short time (such as 10 s) can be predicted more accurately, the maximum allowable charge power and the maximum allowable discharge power of the batteries after different time periods (such as 5s,10s,20s and 30s) can be predicted flexibly in the embodiment of the invention, a large amount of time is not needed to be spent on actual measurement experiments, errors caused by the fact that complicated and variable battery polarization states cannot be considered in the actual measurement experiments can be avoided, the calculation precision is improved, and the purpose of predicting the maximum allowable power of the batteries for a certain time (taking 10s as an example) for use by loads in real time based on the current states (SOC and polarization states) of the batteries in the running or charging process of a vehicle is achieved.
According to the maximum allowable power calculation device for the battery provided by the embodiment of the invention, the polarization state of the battery at the k-th sampling is obtained, the polarization state parameter and the charge state of the battery are obtained, the polarization state parameter at the k + nT sampling is calculated according to the polarization state parameter, the charge state at the k + nT sampling is calculated according to the charge state and the actual capacity of the battery, the maximum allowable power after the nT starts at the k moment is calculated according to the polarization state parameter and the charge state at the k + nT sampling, the polarization state of the battery is increased by using a battery equivalent circuit to calculate the maximum allowable power of the battery, the calculated maximum allowable power is more accurate, the maximum allowable power in a preset battery short term is realized, the calculation error is reduced, the calculation precision is improved, the calculation is simple and convenient, and the service life of the battery is better ensured.
Any process or method descriptions in flow charts or otherwise described herein may be understood as representing modules, segments, or portions of code which include one or more executable instructions for implementing specific logical functions or steps of the process, and alternate implementations are included within the scope of the preferred embodiment of the present invention in which functions may be executed out of order from that shown or discussed, including substantially concurrently or in reverse order, depending on the functionality involved, as would be understood by those reasonably skilled in the art of the present invention.
The logic and/or steps represented in the flowcharts or otherwise described herein, e.g., an ordered listing of executable instructions that can be considered to implement logical functions, can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, processor-containing system, or other system that can fetch the instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device and execute the instructions. For the purposes of this description, a "computer-readable medium" can be any means that can contain, store, communicate, propagate, or transport the program for use by or in connection with the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer-readable medium would include the following: an electrical connection (electronic device) having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette (magnetic device), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber device, and a portable compact disc read-only memory (CDROM). Further, the computer-readable medium could even be paper or another suitable medium upon which the program is printed, as the program can be electronically captured, via for instance optical scanning of the paper or other medium, then compiled, interpreted or otherwise processed in a suitable manner if necessary, and then stored in a computer memory.
It should be understood that portions of the present invention may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, the various steps or methods may be implemented in software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, any one or combination of the following technologies, which are well known in the art, may be used: a discrete logic circuit having a logic gate circuit for implementing a logic function on a data signal, an application specific integrated circuit having an appropriate combinational logic gate circuit, a Programmable Gate Array (PGA), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or the like.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that all or part of the steps carried by the method for implementing the above embodiments may be implemented by hardware related to instructions of a program, which may be stored in a computer readable storage medium, and when the program is executed, the program includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiments.
In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present invention may be integrated into one processing module, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one module. The integrated module can be realized in a hardware mode, and can also be realized in a software functional module mode. The integrated module, if implemented in the form of a software functional module and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may also be stored in a computer readable storage medium.
The storage medium mentioned above may be a read-only memory, a magnetic or optical disk, etc.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for calculating maximum allowable power of a battery, comprising the steps of:
acquiring the polarization state of the battery and acquiring the polarization state parameter and the charge state of the battery during the kth sampling, wherein the polarization state of the battery and acquiring the polarization state parameter and the charge state of the battery during the kth sampling are acquired through a battery equivalent circuit with a first RC circuit and a second RC circuit, and k is a positive integer;
calculating the polarization state parameter at the sampling of the (k + nT) th time according to the polarization state parameter at the sampling of the (k) th time, wherein n is a positive integer, and T is a sampling period;
calculating the charge state of the battery at the k + nT sampling according to the charge state at the k sampling and the actual capacity of the battery; and
and calculating the maximum allowable power of the battery at the k + nT sampling time according to the polarization state parameter at the k + nT sampling time and the charge state of the battery at the k + nT sampling time.
2. The battery maximum allowable power calculation method according to claim 1, wherein the polarization state parameter of the battery is obtained by the following formula:
wherein R is s A first resistance, R, representing said first RC circuit l A second resistance, C, representing said second RC circuit s A first capacitance, C, representing said first RC circuit l A second capacitance, U, representing said second RC circuit s Voltage, U, representing said first resistance l Representing the voltage of said second resistance, i (k) Represents the current, U, of the equivalent circuit of the battery at the kth sampling s(k+nT) Represents the voltage of the first resistor at the time of sampling at the k + nT times, U l(k+nT) Represents the voltage of the second resistor at the time of sampling at the k + nT time.
3. The method for calculating the maximum allowable power of the battery according to claim 2, wherein the state of charge of the battery is obtained by a charge accumulation method, and the formula is as follows:
therein, SOC (k) Representing the state of charge of the battery at the kth sampling, C representing the actual capacity of the battery, eta representing the coulombic efficiency, SOC of the battery (k+nT) Representing the state of charge of the battery at the k + nT sample.
4. The method of calculating battery maximum allowed power of claim 1, further comprising: and acquiring the internal resistance of the battery according to the temperature and the charge state of the battery.
5. A battery maximum allowable power calculation apparatus, comprising:
the device comprises a first acquisition module, a second acquisition module and a control module, wherein the first acquisition module is used for acquiring the polarization state of a battery during the kth sampling and acquiring the polarization state parameter and the charge state of the battery, the first acquisition module is used for acquiring the polarization state of the battery during the kth sampling and acquiring the polarization state parameter and the charge state of the battery through a battery equivalent circuit with a first RC circuit and a second RC circuit, and k is a positive integer;
the state parameter calculation module is used for calculating the polarization state parameter at the sampling of the (k + nT) th time according to the polarization state parameter at the sampling of the (k) th time, wherein n is a positive integer, and T is a sampling period;
the charge state calculation module is used for calculating the charge state of the battery at the k + nT sampling according to the charge state at the k sampling and the actual capacity of the battery; and
and the allowed power calculation module is used for calculating the maximum allowed power of the battery at the k + nT sampling according to the polarization state parameter at the k + nT sampling and the charge state of the battery at the k + nT sampling.
6. The battery maximum allowable power calculation apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the state parameter calculation module obtains the polarization state parameter of the battery by the following formula:
wherein R is s A first resistance, R, representing the first RC circuit l A second resistance, C, representing said second RC circuit s A first capacitance, C, representing said first RC circuit l A second capacitance, U, representing said second RC circuit s Voltage, U, representing said first resistance l Representing the voltage of said second resistance, i (k) Represents the current, U, of the equivalent circuit of the battery at the kth sampling s(k+nT) Represents the voltage of the first resistor at the time of sampling at the k + nT times, U l(k+nT) Represents the voltage of the second resistor at the time of sampling at the k + nT time.
7. The device for calculating maximum allowable power of battery according to claim 6, wherein the state of charge calculation module obtains the state of charge of the battery by a charge accumulation method according to the formula:
therein, SOC (k) Representing the state of charge of the battery at the kth sampling, C representing the actual capacity of the battery, eta representing the coulombic efficiency, SOC of the battery (k+nT) Representing the state of charge of the battery at the k + nT sample.
8. The battery maximum allowed power calculation apparatus of claim 5, further comprising:
and the second acquisition module is used for acquiring the internal resistance of the battery according to the temperature and the charge state of the battery.
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