CN104777535B - Multiplexed volume holographic grating - Google Patents
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
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- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 4
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- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 4
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/18—Diffraction gratings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
- G03H1/0465—Particular recording light; Beam shape or geometry
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Abstract
The invention discloses a multiplexed volume holographic grating. The multiplexed volume holographic grating respectively records red, green and blue three holograms on the same dielectric layer by exposing for three times; volume holographic gratings formed by exposure of different wavelengths are the same in inclination angle and are different in period; by controlling exposure time, refractive index modulation depths corresponding to red, green and blue light after exposure accords with the relation that delta n red light is greater than delta n green light, and delta n green light is greater than delta n blue light, and peak diffraction efficiencies corresponding to the red, green and blue light after exposure are similar. The multiplexed volume holographic grating can effectively balance irradiating energy of red, green and blue light waves and avoid color offset.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to holographic grating waveguide display technology field, especially a kind of multiplexing volume holographic grating without colour cast.
Background technology
Holographical wave guide Display Technique is that one kind is image source using high brightness miniscope, with transparent holographic helmet visor
It is display screen, image is projected the Display Technique of eyes imaging by miniaturized optical system by waveguiding structure.It has
Ultra-large vision field, it is light the advantages of, be used for military display field.
The operation principle of common monochromatic holographical wave guide display is to enter coupling grating structure pair positioned at image input
Input light wave is filtered, and green glow is coupled into waveguiding structure, then transmission by waveguide and goes out the modulation of coupling grating, carries
The light wave of virtual image information enters human eye, and the 3-D view of green is presented.The operation principle of color hologram Waveguide display with
Monochromatic holographical wave guide display is similar to, main difference is that input light is after entering coupling grating, red green blue tricolor light is filtered
Ripple, propagates into waveguide, eventually passes out coupling grating, and secondary filtering simultaneously exports color three dimensional image.Enter coupling grating to defeated
The problems such as filter effect for entering light directly determines output end imaging with the presence or absence of color offset, brightness disproportionation.It is presently used for complete
The grating for ceasing waveguide is more based on volume holographic grating, oblique raster and concave grating.Wherein, volume holographic grating is in terms of wavelength selection
The high sensitivity for showing, is significantly better than other gratings.
Volume holographic grating realizes that the common method of color hologram is the superposition of multi-layer grating.The technology enters coupling optical system
System design is as shown in figure 1, the vertical incidence of incident light 101 enters volume holographic grating 103,104,105, each layer grating only one of which peak
Value reflection wavelength, red, green, blue is chosen, and is reflected into ducting layer 102.On the one hand, because three kinds of color light waves enter grating
The depth of layer is different, and the position that its diffracted wave enters waveguide is different, therefore can not simultaneously reach out coupling grating；On the other hand,
Only there is selectivity to the wavelength in a certain bandwidth although it is desirable to each layer of grating, the light wave of other wavelength can be completely through,
But the light wave of actually other wavelength can introduce a certain degree of consume when passing through, three primary colors energy is caused to differ larger.With
Finite element method analyzes the spectral characteristic of multi-layer grating, and concrete numerical value is shown in Table 1.
The multi-layer-coupled volume holographic grating diffraction efficiency of table 1
| 640nm | 525nm | 440nm | |
| Peak value diffraction efficiency | 78.65% | 90.03% | 94.18% |
Separately there is research that individual layer composite grating is applied into color hologram waveguide to show.The technology is carried out by one layer of grating
Multiexposure, multiple exposure, responds its light wave to multiple wave bands.The multiplexing method causes the inequality of RGB light emanated energy simultaneously,
This inequality is characterized as the skew of color when image is exported.Table 2 gives the concrete numerical value of spectrum analysis, it can be seen that red
The corresponding peak value diffraction efficiency of light differs larger with green glow, blue light.
The corresponding refractive index modulation degree of the existing individual layer composite grating different wave length of table 2, screen periods, peak value diffraction efficiency
And spectral bandwidth
The content of the invention
Goal of the invention：To solve the above mentioned problem that prior art is present, there is provided one kind multiplexing volume holographic grating, ensureing peak
On the premise of value diffraction efficiency very high and spectral bandwidth is narrow, can efficient balance RGB light wave emanated energy, it is to avoid color
Skew.
Technical scheme：One kind multiplexing volume holographic grating, the refractive index n of the compound volume holographic grating for mean refractive index and
The superposition of multiple refractive index modulation degrees, in two-dimensional space xy coordinate systems, can be expressed as：
Wherein, x-axis is the reference axis parallel to grating surface, and y is the reference axis perpendicular to grating surface, n0For material is flat
Equal refractive index；
Δ n represents refractive index modulation degree, wherein, Δ nR、ΔnG、ΔnBThe corresponding refractive index of red, green, blue is represented respectively
Modulation degree, K represents grating vector, wherein, KR、KG、KBThe corresponding grating vector of the red, green, blue of expression respectively, K can be by K
=2 π/Λ is tried to achieve, and Λ is screen periods,It is inclination angle；Under Bragg condition, Λ meets：λ=2n0Λ sin θs, wherein, θ is
Bragg angle, λ is incident wavelength.
The compound volume holographic grating thickness without colour cast is 10~30 μm, the mean refractive index of grating material for 1.5~
1.55, the corresponding refractive index modulation degree of red, green, blue is Δ nR＞ Δs nG＞ Δs nB, specific span is：The refraction of feux rouges
Rate modulation degree is 0.05~0.1, and the refractive index modulation degree of green glow is 0.04~0.1, the refractive index modulation degree of blue light for 0.035~
0.1。
In a further embodiment, grating material is dichromated gelatin, and mean refractive index is 1.52；Grating incidence area
Domain is planar light waveguide, and material is quartz glass, and refractive index is 1.52；Grating regional transmission is air.
In a further embodiment, the preparation method of multiplexing grating is to be swashed with red, green, blue respectively on same layer medium
Hair is exposed, and the volume holographic grating inclination angle that three exposures are formed is identical, and the cycle is different, controls the time for exposure so that red,
The corresponding refractive index modulation degree of green, blue light is sequentially reduced.
In a further embodiment, above-mentioned exposure process comprises the following steps：
Step one, interferes two beam blue lasers, and the cycle is formed for Λ in volume holographic material internalBOblique stripe
Line, records first hologram；
Step 2, changes blue laser into green, and the center line of two beam laser angles is put down with grating when remaining exposure
Face angle is equal, identical to ensure grating vector direction, records second hologram successively on same volume holographic material, now
The corresponding screen periods of green glow are ΛG；
Step 3, changes green glow into feux rouges, and repeat step two records the 3rd hologram, now the corresponding grating of feux rouges
Cycle is ΛR。
In a further embodiment, the peak value diffraction efficiency ratio of RGB light is equal to 1:(0.96~1):1.
Beneficial effect：In the present invention, multiplexing volume holographic grating is by multiexposure, multiple exposure, and refractive index is mean refractive index and many
Individual refractive index modulation degree sum, when white light is incident, grating is respectively provided with filter action, and three kinds of wavelength to feux rouges, green glow and blue light
Diffraction efficiency it is close, narrower bandwidth, emanated energy is uniform, is not in the skew of color.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that existing multi layer colour volume holographic grating is used as holographical wave guide input coupler system construction drawing.
Fig. 2 is the relation curve of reflective volume holographic grating refractive index modulation degree and diffraction efficiency.
Fig. 3 is the optical grating construction figure of the uniform filtering method of compound volume holographic grating that the present invention is provided.
Fig. 4 a are that the compound volume holographic grating that the present invention is provided is used as holographical wave guide input coupler system construction drawing.
Fig. 4 b are the enlarged drawings at A in Fig. 4 a.
The spectral distribution graph of the uniform filtering method of compound volume holographic grating that Fig. 5 is provided for the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described for 2 to accompanying drawing 5 and specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The diffraction efficiency of volume holographic grating is related to Multiple factors, including mean refractive index, refractive index modulation degree, incidence
Angle, grating slope angle, incident light polarization characteristic etc..Influence in view of incidence angle and grating slope angle to the angle of diffraction, to avoid
The difference for entering coupling grating diffraction angular causes out coupling position to be difficult to unify, and the corresponding grating slope angle of RGB light is unsuitable
Have differences.Therefore, optimization refractive index modulation degree is attempted, to reach the equilibrium of RGB light emanated energy.
In the existing material for making volume holographic grating, most commonly dichromated gelatin, its refractive index modulation degree is maximum
Up to 0.08~0.1.Fig. 2 gives the reflection volume holographic grating index modulation obtained according to rigorous coupled wave approach analysis
The relation of degree and reflection diffraction efficiency.As shown in Fig. 2 refractive index modulation degree is bigger, reflection diffraction efficiency is higher, index modulation
When increasing to certain value, stabilised efficiency, close to 100%.The parameter of curve shown in Fig. 2 is set to：Incidence angle is 0 °, incident light wave
Polarization mode is polarized for TE, and wavelength is 640nm, and volume holographic grating thickness is 10 μm, and screen periods are 234nm, and inclination angle is
26 °, material mean refractive index is 1.52, and incident area refractive index is 1.52, and exit area refractive index is 1.
, according to refractive index modulation degree and the relation curve of reflection diffraction efficiency, the compound volume holographic grating of design is not to for this example
Co-wavelength has different refractive index modulation degrees.Had shown that through research, refractive index modulation degree with light exposure exponential increase, if light exposure
Small, diffraction efficiency is smaller, if light exposure is excessive, Absorption of Medium increase, the transmitance reduction of grating.Therefore, index modulation
The wavelength difference opposite sex of degree can control exposure time realize by strict, for example, moderately increase exposure time when feux rouges exposes.
The design avoids peak value of response difference of the existing compound volume holographic grating to RGB light.The compound volume holographic grating is anti-
Formula volume holographic grating is penetrated, and grating vector is identical.
In this example, three exposure process for being combined volume holographic grating are as shown in Figure 3.The first step, two beam blue laser phases
Mutually interference, the cycle is formed for Λ in volume holographic material internalBInclination striped, record first hologram；Second step, by blueness
Laser changes green into, and the center line of two beam laser angles is equal with grating planar angle when remaining exposure (ensures grating arrow
Amount direction is identical), record second hologram successively on same volume holographic material, now the corresponding screen periods of green glow are
ΛG；3rd step, changes green glow into feux rouges, repeats second step, records the 3rd hologram, now the corresponding screen periods of feux rouges
It is ΛR.The volume holographic grating inclination angle that three exposures are formed is identical, and the cycle is different.
Exposure time is generally influenceed by luminous intensity when exposing, material on factors such as the susceptibilitys of different wave length, and weight
Chromate gelatin is hardly sensitive to feux rouges to royal purple photaesthesia, needs to add sensitizer, institute when making color hologram grating
So that the ununified reference frame of the corresponding optimum exposure duration of different wave length according to specific experimental situation, it is necessary to determine.
Generally, the dichromated gelatin of sensitizer is not added with, is grown up when blue laser conditions of exposure is issued to optimum exposure effect
About 20~30s.In order to the increasing successively for realizing refractive index modulation degree is small, red, green, blue should be shortened successively on the time for exposure,
Maximum exposure duration is not to be exceeded 5min.
In this example, it is the superposition of mean refractive index and multiple refractive index modulation degrees to be combined the refractive index of volume holographic grating,
Can be represented with formula (1),
Wherein, n0It is material mean refractive index, Δ n is refractive index modulation degree, and K is grating vector, can be by K=2 π/Λ
Try to achieve, Λ is screen periods,It is inclination angle.Subscript R, G, B represent its corresponding red, green, blue, i.e. Δ nR、ΔnG、ΔnB
The corresponding refractive index modulation degree of red, green, blue, K are represented respectivelyR、KG、KBThe red, green, blue of expression respectively corresponding grating arrow
Amount.Under Bragg condition, Λ need to meet formula (2)：
λ=2n0Λsinθ (2)
Wherein, θ is Bragg angle, and λ is incident wavelength.
In this example, different wave length corresponds to different refractive index modulation degree and screen periods, and screen periods meet Prague
Condition.Peak value diffraction efficiency and spectral bandwidth are taken as evaluation index, design parameter is as shown in table 3：
The corresponding refractive index modulation degree of 3 example different wave lengths of table, screen periods, peak value diffraction efficiency and spectral bandwidth
| Wavelength | Refractive index modulation degree | Screen periods | Peak value diffraction efficiency | Spectral bandwidth |
| 640nm | ΔnR=0.05 | ΛR=234nm | 100% | 29nm |
| 525nm | ΔnG=0.04 | ΛG=192nm | 96.0% | 17nm |
| 440nm | ΔnB=0.035 | ΛB=161nm | 100% | 15nm |
The coupling optical system that enters of the technology is designed as shown in figures 4 a and 4b, and the vertical incidence of incident light 201 enters compound
Volume holographic grating 203, compound volume holographic grating 203 is anti-after red, green, blue optical band has three reflection peaks, light wave to be chosen
Inject ducting layer 202.All spatial distribution results are the theoretical values obtained by finite element method.It is illustrated in figure 5
The graph of relation of wavelength and diffraction efficiency, it can be seen that in whole visible-range, being combined volume holographic grating pair
The response of RGB light is average, and narrow bandwidths, and peak value is close to 100%.This theoretical analysis result has finger to process practice
Lead effect.
In this example, the compound volume holographic grating thickness is 10 μm, and mean refractive index is 1.52, and is close contact in flat board light
Waveguide top.In this example, planar light waveguide is quartz glass, and refractive index is 1.52.
In this example, the refractive index modulation degree of feux rouges is 0.05, and the refractive index modulation degree of green glow is 0.04, the refraction of blue light
Rate modulation degree is 0.035.
In this example, the peak value diffraction efficiency ratio of RGB light is 1：0.96:1, it is approximately equal to 1:1:1, RGB light
Diffraction energy is balanced.
In a word, the present invention is based on reflective compound volume holographic grating, by the optimization design of refractive index modulation degree, realizes
When realizing that white light is incident, the uniform of red green blue tricolor light energy solves multiplexing volume holographic grating and is shown for waveguide
The color offset caused because filtered energy is uneven during device effectively prevent the generation of color offset phenomenon.Can be widely applied to
Waveguide display field.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention described in detail above, but, the present invention is not limited in above-mentioned implementation method
Detail, in range of the technology design of the invention, various equivalents can be carried out to technical scheme, this
A little equivalents belong to protection scope of the present invention.It is further to note that described in above-mentioned specific embodiment
Each particular technique feature, in the case of reconcilable, can be combined by any suitable means.In order to avoid not
Necessary repetition, the present invention is no longer separately illustrated to various possible combinations.Additionally, a variety of implementations of the invention
Can also be combined between mode, as long as it is without prejudice to thought of the invention, it is public that it should equally be considered as institute of the invention
The content opened.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of multiplexing volume holographic grating, it is characterised in that the refractive index n of the multiplexing volume holographic grating be mean refractive index and
The superposition of multiple refractive index modulation degrees, in two-dimensional space xy coordinate systems, can be expressed as：
Wherein, x-axis is the reference axis parallel to grating surface, and y is the reference axis perpendicular to grating surface, n0For material is averagely rolled over
Penetrate rate；Δ n represents refractive index modulation degree, wherein, Δ nR、ΔnG、ΔnBThe corresponding index modulation of red, green, blue is represented respectively
Degree；K represents grating vector, wherein, KR、KG、KBThe corresponding grating vector of the red, green, blue of expression respectively；K can by K=2 π/
Λ is tried to achieve, and Λ is screen periods,It is inclination angle；Under Bragg condition, Λ meets：λ=2n0Λ sin θs, wherein, θ is Prague
Angle, λ is incident wavelength；
Three holograms are recorded on same layer medium, i.e., is exposed respectively three times with red, green, blue color laser, through three exposure shapes
Into volume holographic grating inclination angle it is identical, the cycle is different, controls the time for exposure so that the corresponding index modulation of red, green, blue
It is Δ n to spendR＞ Δs nG＞ Δs nB；
The peak value diffraction efficiency of red, green, blue is uniform, i.e., emanated energy ratio is 1:0.96:1；The multiplexing volume holographic grating is thick
It is 10 μm to spend, and inclination angle is 26 °, and the mean refractive index of grating material is 1.52, and the refractive index modulation degree of feux rouges is 0.05, green glow
Refractive index modulation degree be 0.04, the refractive index modulation degree of blue light is 0.035；
Wavelength 640nm, refractive index modulation degree Δ nR=0.05, grating period A R=234nm, peak value diffraction efficiency 100%, spectrum
Bandwidth 29nm；Wavelength 525nm, refractive index modulation degree Δ nG=0.04, grating period A G=192nm, peak value diffraction efficiency
96.0%, spectral bandwidth 17nm；Wavelength 440nm, refractive index modulation degree Δ nB=0.035, grating period A B=161nm, peak value
Diffraction efficiency 100%, spectral bandwidth 15nm；
Exposure process comprises the following steps：
Step one, interferes two beam blue lasers, and the cycle is formed for Λ in volume holographic material internalBInclination striped, record
First hologram；
Step 2, changes blue laser into green, and the center line of two beam laser angles is pressed from both sides with grating planar when remaining exposure
Angle is equal, identical to ensure grating vector direction, records second hologram successively on same volume holographic material, now green glow
Corresponding screen periods are ΛG；
Step 3, changes green glow into feux rouges, and repeat step two records the 3rd hologram, now the corresponding screen periods of feux rouges
It is ΛR；
The multiplexing volume holographic grating is reflective volume holographic grating, planar light waveguide top can be close contact in, with planar optical waveguide
Constitute color hologram Waveguide display enters coupler.
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| CN103995354B (en) * | 2014-05-16 | 2016-05-04 | 北京理工大学 | Based on the achromatic waveguide display system of hologram diffraction optical element |
| CN104280885A (en) * | 2014-09-27 | 2015-01-14 | 郑敏 | Large-exit-pupil holographic waveguide glasses system |
| CN104267591A (en) * | 2014-09-27 | 2015-01-07 | 郑敏 | Achromatic method based on three-time exposure technology |
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2015
- 2015-03-25 CN CN201510133629.8A patent/CN104777535B/en active Active
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