CN104282086A - 用于智能电路断路器的方法和设备 - Google Patents

用于智能电路断路器的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN104282086A
CN104282086A CN201410379309.6A CN201410379309A CN104282086A CN 104282086 A CN104282086 A CN 104282086A CN 201410379309 A CN201410379309 A CN 201410379309A CN 104282086 A CN104282086 A CN 104282086A
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circuit
power
electronic
user
breaker
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沃尔特·柯特
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Power Monitors Inc
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Power Monitors Inc
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07F—COIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F15/00—Coin-freed apparatus with meter-controlled dispensing of liquid, gas or electricity
    • G07F15/003—Coin-freed apparatus with meter-controlled dispensing of liquid, gas or electricity for electricity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G06Q50/00—Information and communication technology [ICT] specially adapted for implementation of business processes of specific business sectors, e.g. utilities or tourism
    • G06Q50/06—Energy or water supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H89/00—Combinations of two or more different basic types of electric switches, relays, selectors and emergency protective devices, not covered by any single one of the other main groups of this subclass
    • H01H89/06—Combination of a manual reset circuit with a contactor, i.e. the same circuit controlled by both a protective and a remote control device
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/42—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to product of voltage and current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00007—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using the power network as support for the transmission
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00032—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for
    • H02J13/00036—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving switches, relays or circuit breakers
    • H02J13/0004—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving switches, relays or circuit breakers involved in a protection system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H89/00—Combinations of two or more different basic types of electric switches, relays, selectors and emergency protective devices, not covered by any single one of the other main groups of this subclass
    • H01H89/06—Combination of a manual reset circuit with a contactor, i.e. the same circuit controlled by both a protective and a remote control device
    • H01H2089/065—Coordination between protection and remote control, e.g. protection job repartition, mutual assistance or monitoring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00022—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission
    • H02J13/00024—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission by means of mobile telephony
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00006—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment
    • H02J13/00022—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission
    • H02J13/00026—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network characterised by information or instructions transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated power network element or electrical equipment using wireless data transmission involving a local wireless network, e.g. Wi-Fi, ZigBee or Bluetooth
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02B90/20—Smart grids as enabling technology in buildings sector
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
    • Y04S40/12—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
    • Y04S40/121—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment using the power network as support for the transmission
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
    • Y04S40/12—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
    • Y04S40/126—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment using wireless data transmission

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Abstract

本发明提供一种智能电路断路器。电子设备可电气定位在公用设施和电源插座、电气副面板、负载中心、变压器或其它配电中心之间。电子设备可包含与电源电路关联的电路断路器、通信装置、监视装置和电子电路。电子电路是用电路断路器、通信装置和监视装置可操作的，以确定电源电路的用户的账户并从账户确定是否向电源电路供给电力。此外，电子电路是用电路断路器、通信装置和监视装置可操作的，以便如果向电源电路供给电力则对账户收费，并且如果监视装置检测到不期望的电力条件则启动电路断路器。

Description

用于智能电路断路器的方法和设备
本申请是申请日为2008年1月9日的、申请号为200880005285.0(国际申请号为PCT/US2008/050583)以及发明名称为“用于智能电路断路器的方法和设备”的发明专利申请的分案申请。
相关申请
本申请要求于2007年1月9日提交的发明名称为“METHODAND APPARATUS FOR SMART CIRCUIT BREAKER”的美国临时专利申请第60/884119号的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合于此。
背景技术
许多商店和住宅设施具有主表，该主表具有一个或更多个用于每个单独的商店、寓所、公寓等的分支电路。此外，许多公共场所具有公众可用的电源插座。这种配置可能是效率低下的。
发明内容
在一个实施例中，提供一种智能电路断路器。在一个实施例中，电子设备可电气定位在公用设施(即，公用设施或电力公司或供应商)和电源插座、电气副面板、负载中心、变压器或其它配电中心之间。电子设备包括与电源电路关联的电路断路器、通信装置、监视装置和电子电路。电子电路是用电路断路器、通信装置和监视装置可操作的，以确定电源电路的用户的账户并从账户确定是否向电源电路供给电力。此外，电子电路是用电路断路器、通信装置和监视装置可操作的，以便如果向电源电路供给电力则对账户收费，并且如果监视装置检测到不期望的电力条件则启动电路断路器。
在一个实施例中，通信装置是电力线通信装置。在另一实施例中，电子电路是用电路断路器、通信装置和监视装置可操作的，以通过向数据库传送与用户关联的标识符确定账户。在一个实施例中，标识符由用户通过用户界面输入。在另一实施例中，标识符是从读卡器获得的。在一个实施例中，电子设备用作公用设施功率表。在另一实施例中，电子设备定位在公用设施功率表和电源插座、电气副面板、负载中心、变压器或其它配电中心之间。
在一个实施例中，电子电路是用电路断路器、通信装置和监视装置可操作的，以便如果账户余额低于阈值则确定不向电源电路供给电力。在另一实施例中，电子电路是用电路断路器、通信装置和监视装置可操作的，以便如果对账户收费导致账户余额满足阈值条件则停止向电源电路供给电力。
在一个实施例中，电子设备电气定位在公用设施和电源插座、电气副面板、负载中心、变压器或其它配电中心之间。电子设备包括与电源电路关联的电路断路器、通信装置、监视装置和电子电路。电子电路是用电路断路器、通信装置和监视装置可操作的，以完成以下步骤：识别电源电路的用户；在用户被识别之后向电源电路供给电力；基于在用户被识别之后向电源电路供给的电力将电力使用量归结于用户；以及如果监视装置检测到不期望的电力条件，则启动电路断路器。
在一个实施例中，通信装置是电力线通信装置。在另一实施例中，电子电路是用电路断路器、通信装置和监视装置可操作的，以通过向数据库传送与用户关联的标识符识别用户。在一个实施例中，标识符由用户通过用户界面输入。在又一实施例中，标识符是从读卡器获得的。在一个实施例中，电子设备用作公用设施功率表。在另一实施例中，电子设备定位在公用设施功率表和电源插座、电气副面板、负载中心、变压器或其它配电中心之间。
在一个实施例中，电子电路是用电路断路器、通信装置和监视装置可操作的，以便如果与用户关联的账户余额满足阈值条件则确定不向电源电路供给电力。在另一实施例中，电源电路是公众可访问的，并且电源插座与电源电路关联。在另一实施例中，电源插座位于运输终点、机场终点、停车设施、办公楼、餐馆、零售设施、书店、政府大楼、学院或大学校园、公园、娱乐场所停车场或社区协会公共房间或设施内。
在一个实施例中，电子系统电气定位在公用设施和多个电源插座、电气副面板、负载中心、变压器或其它配电中心之间。系统包括与第一电源电路关联的第一电路断路器、与第二电源电路关联的第二电路断路器、通信装置、监视装置和电子电路。电子电路是用第一电路断路器、第二电路断路器、通信装置和监视装置可操作的，以完成以下步骤：识别第一电源电路的用户；基于向第一电源电路供给的第一电力量将第一电力使用量归结于该用户；基于向第二电源电路供给的第二电力量和其他用户的数量将第二电力使用量归结于该用户，所述其他用户已被识别为第二电源电路的用户；如果对于第一电源电路检测到不期望的电力条件，则启动第一电路断路器；以及如果对于第二电源电路检测到不期望的电力条件，则启动第二电路断路器。
在一个实施例中，通信装置是电力线通信装置。在另一实施例中，电子电路是用第一电路断路器、第二电路断路器、通信装置和监视装置可操作的，以通过向数据库传送与用户关联的标识符识别用户。在一个实施例中，电子设备用作公用设施功率表。在另一实施例中，电子设备定位在公用设施功率表和电源插座、电气副面板、负载中心、变压器或其它配电中心之间。
在一个实施例中，第二电源电路与用户的场所的照明关联。在另一实施例中，第二电源电路与用户的场所的气候控制关联。
这里说明其它的特征和优点，并且通过参照以下的具体实施方式和附图说明，这些特征和优点将显而易见。
附图说明
图1是根据一个实施例的具有智能电路断路器的电路的框图。
图2是根据一个实施例的智能电路断路器的框图。
图3是根据一个实施例的智能电路断路器系统的框图。
具体实施方式
在一个实施例中，提供一种智能电路断路器。智能电路断路器可用具有以下特征中的一种或更多种的断路器替代用于商店、公寓或住所的主和/或副断路器：功耗的千瓦时测量；电力质量测量；数据的存储；关于命令、电力质量条件、支付超时的断路器断开；无线通信、蓝牙、ZigBee、网络或任何其它适当的无线通信能力；电力线通信或任何其它适当的有线通信能力；出于支付和识别或任何其它适当的目的的RFID型感应卡读取；和执行正常电路断路器的功能的能力。
在一个实施例中，智能电路断路器使得能够由业主在逐个面板的基础上测量配有主表但没有计量表的子单元住宅和商业设施。在另一实施例中，智能电路断路器使得能够在没有外部计量表的情况下进行公用设施测量。在又一实施例中，智能电路断路器使得能够基于较差的电力质量关断。在另一实施例中，智能电路断路器使得能够基于没有支付的情况关断。
在一个实施例中，多方出租单元商店或住宅(例如，商业建筑、综合性公寓、具有寄宿者或一个或更多个儿童房间的私人住宅、宿舍等)的业主、管理员或操作员可在一个或更多个副面板中(优选在每个副面板中)安装智能电路断路器。至少通过千瓦时特征或任何其它适当的特征，每个断路器可监视和存储其分支电路的功耗数据。可通过任何适当的接口(例如，无论哪个接口都内置于其中，诸如无线型、PLC型、感应型等)检索数据。通过检索的数据，检索系统和软件可为特定的公寓或商号准备帐单；但是，可以以任何适当的方式管理帐单编制。
在另一实施例中，公用设施(即，公用设施公司)可出于监视和/或帐单编制或任何其它适当的目的使用智能电路断路器以代替外部计量表。在一个实施例中，公用设施公司监视主表/为其编制帐单，并且业主/管理员/操作员通过使用智能电路断路器监视单独的分支电路的功耗/为其编制帐单。
在一个实施例中，具有RF感应型读取器的智能电路断路器使得用户能够在类似于电话卡的卡(或任何其它适当的装置)上购买电力，并且将该数据“加载”到断路器中以允许操作。可实现这种支付系统的场所的例子包括营地、偏远小屋、大学住宅、旅馆、汽车旅馆、短期生活住房等。在一个实施例中，用户的卡可在多个不同的场所内操作。
在一个实施例中，智能电路断路器包含电力质量测量、存储和断开/闭合功能。如果智能电路断路器测量到高谐波含量或其它超范围电力质量参数或任何其它适当的条件，则它被编程为断开断路器以保护下游电气/电子系统或执行任何其它适当的操作。
在一个实施例中，智能电路断路器使用无线或PLC网状网络技术或任何其它适当的通信系统，并且位于整个建筑或建筑群中，以逐个房间、逐个电路、逐个楼层、逐个建筑地向用于控制和/或分析的中央系统提供数据。在一个实施例中，为了扩展的能力，系统与下游非断路器测量和控制系统耦合。
图1示出根据一个实施例的包括智能电路断路器的系统。电力公司100或电网或其它的电力提供系统与公用设施功率表102电气耦合。功率表102记录由电路(例如，用于房屋、建筑、公寓式住房、公寓、户外区域等的电路)消耗或利用的电力量或电量。一般地，电路与账户关联，并且使用来自功率表102的读数以不管实际用户如何都对于在电路上消耗的所有电力对该账户收费。但是，如果智能电路断路器104放在公用设施功率表102和分支电路106之间，则智能电路断路器可识别其关联的分支电路的实际用户，从而使得能够更公正地对于实际用户(例如，租户、学生、旅客、使用插头的公众的成员等)分配在功率表102上登记的账户款项。在一些情况下，当智能断路器104能够执行同样的功能时，可以取消功率表102。在另一种情况下，功率表102实际上可以是另一智能断路器104装置。
图2示出根据一个实施例的具有智能电路断路器的系统。电子设备200(例如，智能电路断路器)电气定位在公用设施功率表202和电源插座204之间。应当注意，在可选择的实施例中，电子设备可用作公用设施功率表。电源插座可以是任何适当的插座，包括110V或220V插座、灯具插座或任何其它适当的插座。插座204还可以是电气副面板、负载中心、变压器或其它配电中心。电子设备200包括可操作以切断送向电源电路208的电力的电路断路器206。应当注意，电路208可包括另外的电源插座、电气副面板、负载中心、变压器或其它配电中心；但是，在各种实施例中，多个插座中的每一个、电气副面板、负载中心、变压器或其它配电中心与不同的智能电路断路器关联，使得可以为了消费者的帐单编制明确区分并分别记录(与其关联的消费者一起)在每个插座、电气副面板、负载中心、变压器或其它配电中心上消耗的电力。电子设备200还包括通信装置210、监视装置212和电子电路214。电子电路214可以是处理器或任何其它适当类型的电路。电子电路214、电路断路器208、通信装置210和监视装置212确定电源电路214的用户的账户。电子设备200还从账户确定是否向电源电路214供给电力。另外，如果向电源电路供给电力，则电子设备200对账户收费，并且如果监视装置212检测到不期望的电力条件，则启动电路断路器208。不期望的电力条件可以为任何适当的测量的任何适当的条件，包括但不限于以上讨论的那些。另外，电子设备200可以测量和记录以上讨论的电力和电力质量度量中的任一种。在一些实施例中，公用设施功率表202也可以是电子设备200。
通信装置210可以为电力线通信装置、蜂窝式通信装置、电话、RFID、WiFi、ZigBee或其它RF通信链路或任何其它适当的有线或无线通信装置。在一些实施例中，设备200可以包含多于一个的通信装置210，例如，电力线通信链路和蓝牙。另一实施例会使用低功率AM或FM广播频带收发器。在该实施例中，为了在标准广播频带无线电接收器上接收，各种测量参数、累积帐单编制状态等会被周期性传送。在一个实施例中，通过向数据库(例如，由公用设施、与公用设施功率表202关联的账户所有人或第三方维护的数据库)传送与用户关联的标识符确定账户。在另一实施例中，由用户通过用户界面输入标识符。例如，用户可通过使用键盘、触摸屏、鼠标、生物计量扫描仪、RFID扫描仪、智能卡或任何其它适当的输入设备输入用户名和/或密码或任何其它适当的数据，以使得能够对于使用电源插座向用户的账户开帐单。在另一实施例中，从诸如RFID读卡器、磁条读卡器、条形码读卡器或任何其它适当的类型的读卡器的读卡器(以无线的方式或通过有线连接)获得标识符。在另一实施例中，从吸取电力的设备(例如，计算机、器具等)获得标识符。在该实施例中，设备能够与智能电路断路器通信(例如，通过电力线通信或任何其它适当的机构)并且分程传递(relay)与用户关联或与设备本身关联的识别信息，该识别信息在数据库中与用户关联。
在一个实施例中，如果账户余额低于阈值(或以其它的方式触发阈值条件)，则设备200不向电路208供给电力。因此，可要求用户为电力预付费，或者如果用户的赊欠期过长，则可阻止其接收电力。此外，如果对账户收费导致账户余额满足阈值条件，则设备200停止向电路208供给电力。因此，当用户的账户余额达到0或一些最小(或最大)允许值时，送向用户的电力可被切断。在一个实施例中，可以用任何适当的帐单编制和切断算法对断路器200进行编程。
在一个实施例中，用户可指示(例如，通过用户界面)用户已完成利用插座、电气副面板、负载中心、变压器或其它配电中心(例如，用户可注销)。结果，进一步的使用会需要该用户或其他用户的重新初始化。在另一实施例中，在插座不吸取电力(例如，用户的设备被关掉或被拔去插头)的某一时间段之后，用户被自动注销(即，插座上的电力使用不再对用户收费，并且对于进一步的使用插座需要重新初始化)。
在另一实施例中，智能电路断路器可被插入、被固定到或被连线到插座中，并且一个或更多个设备可通过插入、固定到或连线到由智能电路断路器提供的插座中使用电源电路。
在类似的实施例中，电子设备电气定位在公用设施功率表和电源插座之间。在可选择的实施例中，电子设备代替公用设施功率表。电子设备包括与电源电路关联的电路断路器、通信装置、监视装置和电子电路。电子电路是用电路断路器、通信装置和监视装置可操作的，以完成以下步骤：识别电源电路的用户；在用户被识别之后向电源电路供给电力；基于在用户被识别之后向电源电路供给的电力将电力使用量归结于用户；以及如果监视装置检测到不期望的电力条件，则启动电路断路器。
通信装置可以是电力线通信装置或任何其它适当的通信装置，包括但不限于以上讨论的那些。电子设备(或智能电路断路器)可通过向数据库传送与用户关联的标识符或以任何其它适当的方式来识别用户。在一个实施例中，标识符由用户通过任何适当的类型的用户界面输入。在另外的实施例中，从读卡器或包括但不限于以上说明的那些的任何其它适当的识别源获得标识符。
如果与用户关联的账户余额满足阈值条件，则电子设备可确定不向电源电路供给电力。可以在用户开始使用电源电路之前或之后切断电力。
在一个实施例中，电源电路是公众可访问的，并且电源插座、电气副面板、负载中心、变压器或其它配电中心与电源电路关联。例如，电源电路的一个或更多个插座可位于运输终点(例如，机场终点)、停车设施、办公楼、餐馆、零售设施、书店、政府大楼、学院或大学校园、公园、教室、娱乐场所停车场或社区协会公共房间或设施内。结果，公众成员可将插头插入插座(例如，插入他们的计算机、便携式音乐播放器或其它的娱乐设备、他们的再充电的电动汽车、露营设备、烤架或任何其它适当的电气设备)中，并且代替与在该插座、电气副面板、负载中心、变压器或其它配电中心测量功耗的公用设施功率表关联的账户(或者通过该账户)，由该公众成员使用的电力可归结于该公众成员(例如，对其开帐单)。结果，机场(或其中常见公众成员利用可用的插座的其他公众可访问区域)可通过要求使用插座的那些人为他们消耗的电力付费来减少它们的电力耗费。
图3示出根据一个实施例的电气定位在公用设施功率表302和多个电源插座304之间的电子系统300。应当注意，系统300可在各可选择的实施例中替换公用设施功率表302。系统300包括与第一电源电路308关联的第一电路断路器306、与第二电源电路312关联的第二电路断路器310、通信装置314、监视装置316和电子电路318。系统识别第一电源电路308的用户，基于向第一电源电路308供给的电力量将电力使用量归结于该用户(例如，开帐单)。系统300还基于向第二电源电路312供给的电力量和使用第二电源电路312的其他用户的数量将另外的电力使用量归结于该用户。如果对于第一电源电路308检测到不期望的电力条件，则系统300还可启动第一电路断路器306，并且如果对于第二电源电路312检测到不期望的电力条件，则启动第二电路断路器310。
例如，在一个实施例中，在大学宿舍房间的电力系统中利用该系统。第一学生可能将计算机的插头插入第一插座中，从而导致被供给到第一插座的电力由第一学生付费。并且，第二学生可能也在房间中并具有插头插入第二插座中的另一设备(例如，立体声系统)，从而导致被供给到第二插座的电力由第二学生付费。房间的灯可连接到与第一插座或第二插座分开的电路。因此，当灯被打开并且两个学生都在从他们相应的插座吸取电力时，房间照明所消耗的电力可按比例由两个学生付费。此外，如果其中一个学生离开房间，则该学生可拔下其设备的插头，从而导致房间照明所消耗的任何电力仅由另一学生付费。类似地，加热或冷却房间或建筑物(或以其它的方式控制场所的环境)的成本可由被识别为在该场所中使用电力的那些人分担。
通信装置314可以是电力线通信装置或包括但不限于上述的那些的任何其它适当的装置。系统300可通过向数据库传送与用户关联的标识符或通过任何其它适当的机制识别用户。第二电源电路312可与用户的场所的照明、与用户的场所的气候控制或与益处一般由场所内的多个用户共享的任何其它适当的电力使用关联。
应当理解，虽然在图3中仅示出单个通信装置、监视装置和电子电路，但是在其它的实施例中，每个电路断路器与不同的通信装置、监视装置和/或电子电路关联。
在各实施例中，财产所有人、财产管理员或任何其它适当的实体可通过使用手持计算机、PDA、膝上型计算机、蜂窝电话或任何其它适当的便携式或手持设备从一个或更多个智能电路断路器收集使用和/或其它数据。手持计算机或其它设备可以以无线的方式(例如，RFID、蓝牙等)、通过专用有线通信链路(Cat-5、USB等)、通过电力线通信或通过任何其它适当的通信设备和/或协议与智能电路断路器通信。此外，手持设备可单独地和/或通过检索存储在单个智能电路断路器上的两个或更多个智能电路断路器的信息，从一个或更多个智能电路断路器检索信息。在各实施例中，财产所有人或其它实体可在手持或其它便携式设备上计算租户的帐单。结果，财产所有人，由公用设施对于提供给财产的所有电力向其开具帐单，可精确地向该财产的一个或更多个租户或用户分摊该帐单。应当理解，财产所有人可以以任何适当的方式基于智能电路断路器数据分摊帐单，这些方式包括：增加服务费；通过加或减一数额来增加或减少对于租户开具的帐单的数额；或者根据任何适当的帐单编制日程表按百分比增加或减少数额。
在其它的实施例中，财产所有人向另一计算系统传送数据，以基于由一个或更多个智能电路断路器存储的数据计算帐单。应当理解，在各实施例中，可以由任何适当的实体以任何适当的方式从智能电路断路器存储和检索任何适当的数据，并且出于任何适当的目的使用这些数据。
应当理解，以上说明的实施例的各方面可以存在于其它的实施例中或与其它的实施例一起使用。还应理解，对于本领域技术人员来说，这里描述的当前优选的实施例的各种改变和修改是显而易见的。在不背离本主题的精神和范围并且不减少其想要的优点的情况下，可以进行这些改变和修改。因此，这些改变和修改要被所附的权利要求覆盖。

Claims (26)

1.一种电子设备，包括：
与电源电路关联的电路断路器；
通信装置；
监视装置；和
用电路断路器、通信装置和监视装置可操作以完成以下步骤的电子电路：
(i)确定电源电路的用户的账户；
(ii)从账户确定是否向电源电路供给电力；以及
(iii)响应于确定向电源电路供给电力，
(A)对该账户收费，以及
(B)响应于监视装置检测到不期望的电力条件，启动电路断路器；
其中该电子设备电气定位于公用设施功率表和电源插座或面板之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电子设备，其中，通信装置是电力线通信装置。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电子设备，其中，电子电路是用电路断路器、通信装置和监视装置可操作的，以通过向数据库传送与用户关联的标识符确定账户。
4.根据权利要求3所述的电子设备，其中，标识符由用户通过用户界面输入。
5.根据权利要求3所述的电子设备，其中，标识符是从读卡器获得的。
6.根据权利要求1所述的电子设备，其中，电子电路是用电路断路器、通信装置和监视装置可操作的，以便响应于确定账户余额低于阈值来确定不向电源电路供给电力。
7.根据权利要求1所述的电子设备，其中，电子电路是用电路断路器、通信装置和监视装置可操作的，以便响应于确定对账户收费导致账户余额满足阈值条件来停止向电源电路供给电力。
8.根据权利要求1所述的电子设备，其中，电子设备被配置为至少部分作为公用设施功率表工作。
9.根据权利要求1所述的电子设备，其中，电源电路进一步被配置为测量所供给的电力的电力质量并且响应于测量超范围电力质量参数来启动电路断路器。
10.一种电子设备，包括：
与电源电路关联的电路断路器；
通信装置；
监视装置；和
用电路断路器、通信装置和监视装置可操作以完成以下步骤的电子电路：
(i)识别电源电路的用户；
(ii)在用户被识别之后向电源电路供给电力；
(iii)基于在用户被识别之后向电源电路供给的电力将电力使用量归结于用户；以及
(iv)响应于监视装置检测到不期望的电力条件，启动电路断路器；
其中该电子设备电气定位于公用设施和电源插座或面板之间。
11.根据权利要求10所述的电子设备，其中，通信装置是电力线通信装置。
12.根据权利要求10所述的电子设备，其中，电子电路是用电路断路器、通信装置和监视装置可操作的，以通过向数据库传送与用户关联的标识符来识别用户。
13.根据权利要求12所述的电子设备，其中，标识符由用户通过用户界面输入。
14.根据权利要求12所述的电子设备，其中，标识符是从读卡器获得的。
15.根据权利要求10所述的电子设备，其中，电子电路是用电路断路器、通信装置和监视装置可操作的，以便响应于确定与用户关联的账户余额满足阈值条件来确定不向电源电路供给电力。
16.根据权利要求10所述的电子设备，其中，电源电路是公众可访问的，并且电源插座与电源电路关联。
17.根据权利要求16所述的电子设备，其中，电源插座位于运输终点、机场终点、停车设施、办公楼、餐馆、零售设施、书店、政府大楼、学院或大学校园、公园、娱乐场所停车场或社区协会公共房间或设施内。
18.根据权利要求10所述的电子设备，其中，电子设备被配置为至少部分作为公用设施功率表工作。
19.根据权利要求10所述的电子设备，其中，电源电路进一步被配置为测量所供给的电力的电力质量并且响应于测量超范围电力质量参数来启动电路断路器。
20.一种电子系统，包括：
与第一电源电路关联的第一电路断路器；
与第二电源电路关联的第二电路断路器；
通信装置；
监视装置；和
用第一电路断路器、第二电路断路器、通信装置和监视装置可操作以完成以下步骤的电子电路：
(i)识别第一电源电路的用户；
(ii)基于向第一电源电路供给的第一电力量将第一电力使用量归结于所述用户；
(iii)基于向第二电源电路供给的第二电力量和其他用户的数量将第二电力使用量归结于所述用户，所述其他用户已被识别为第二电源电路的用户；
(iv)响应于对于第一电源电路检测到不期望的电力条件，启动第一电路断路器；以及
(v)响应于对于第二电源电路检测到不期望的电力条件，启动第二电路断路器；
其中该电子系统电气定位于公用设施和多个电源插座或面板之间。
21.根据权利要求20所述的电子系统，其中，通信装置是电力线通信装置。
22.根据权利要求20所述的电子系统，其中，电子电路是用第一电路断路器、第二电路断路器、通信装置和监视装置可操作的，以通过向数据库传送与用户关联的标识符来识别用户。
23.根据权利要求20所述的电子系统，其中，第二电源电路与用户的场所的照明关联。
24.根据权利要求20所述的电子系统，其中，第二电源电路与用户的场所的气候控制关联。
25.根据权利要求20所述的电子系统，其中，电子设备被配置为至少部分作为公用设施功率表工作。
26.根据权利要求20所述的电子设备，其中，电源电路进一步被配置为测量所供给的电力的电力质量并且响应于测量超范围电力质量参数来启动电路断路器。
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