CN104142703B - A kind of output power acquisition methods being applicable to otherness photovoltaic cells series circuit - Google Patents
A kind of output power acquisition methods being applicable to otherness photovoltaic cells series circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN104142703B CN104142703B CN201410405277.2A CN201410405277A CN104142703B CN 104142703 B CN104142703 B CN 104142703B CN 201410405277 A CN201410405277 A CN 201410405277A CN 104142703 B CN104142703 B CN 104142703B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of output power acquisition methods being applicable to otherness photovoltaic cells series circuit, belong to photovoltaic array Maximum Power Output point and follow the tracks of (MPPT) method.The method is based on the principle Analysis of otherness photovoltaic cells series circuit (NPUCS), obtain the reason of NPUCS output power multi-peak feature, and calculate peak point quantity, after acquisition peak value is counted, utilize the approximate peak point electric current of acquired circuit for series circuit open circuit voltage and each unit, calculate each peak point approximate power value, relatively obtain global maximum power point region, then utilize conductance increment method to obtain final global maximum power point, realize the acquisition of peak power output.The method utilizes a small amount of calculating and zonule search replacement global search, there is the maximum power point acquisition speed be exceedingly fast, no matter and how many photovoltaic cells are connected, its acquisition speed is the same substantially, is therefore particularly useful for multiple-unit series connection high voltage photovoltaic generation power and obtains occasion.
Description
Technical field
Invention relates to a kind of photovoltaic cells series circuit Maximum Power Output acquisition methods, a kind of specifically quick MPPT method being applicable to otherness photovoltaic cells series circuit.
Background technology
Single photovoltaic cells output voltage is lower, in order to obtain high voltage, improving power stage grade, often being connected by photovoltaic cells.After multiple same photovoltaic cells series connection, when light and temperature condition is identical, the characteristics of output power of series circuit is similar to single photovoltaic cells output characteristics, and namely output power only has a peak point, and this peak point is the maximum power point of photovoltaic cells; But when meet with otherness condition as cause due to local shades uneven illumination even or temperature is different time, the output characteristics of each photovoltaic cells is no longer consistent, after series connection, the characteristics of output power of photovoltaic cells circuit has multiple peak point mostly, one of them peak point is only had to be global maximum power point (GlobalMaximumPowerPoint, GMPP), conventional MPPT method is now adopted easily to be absorbed in a certain partial power extreme point, global maximum power point can not be traced into exactly, cause the efficiency of light energy utilization to decline.
At present, existing have two class solutions to the peak power acquisition methods that photovoltaic power exports in multi-peak feature.One class changes P-V multimodal character by additional firmware circuit, NPUCS exported and presents single-peak response, then follow the tracks of by conventional MPPT method.Such as, to each photovoltaic cells compensating circuit in parallel, when there is local shades, compensating circuit maintains the terminal voltage of occluded cell, it is made to work near maximum power point, the P-V characteristic of NPUCS is corrected as single-peaked, avoids the appearance of multimodal, can realize MPPT by methods such as the conductance increments of routine.But adding of compensating circuit causes system architecture complicated, and control difficulty, cost increases.Equations of The Second Kind is the MPPT maximum power point tracking algorithm that design has ability of searching optimum, as adopted the intelligent control method based on particle cluster algorithm, under otherness condition, has better rapidity and accuracy than conventional algorithm.But such method parameter arranges dependence experience, portable poor, not easily realize in engineering.Also the method that have employed two-step is had, the first step obtains equivalent resistance by the ratio of photovoltaic cells open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current, and setting a working point according to equivalent resistance resistance and the size of current that detects in real time, second step uses conventional MPPT method to find maximum power point near the working point of setting.The method is simple, but can not ensure all accurately can trace into global maximum power point under all differences condition.In general, existing method can improve the efficiency of light energy utilization of photovoltaic array to a certain extent, but also more or less also exist follow the tracks of not high, the tracking velocity of accuracy slowly, too complicated, need to add hardware circuit and the deficiency such as response environment sudden change ability is more weak, the overall MPPT under multimodal characteristic follows the tracks of and is still a problem demanding prompt solution.
GMPP under utilizing conventional full search method no doubt can obtain multimodal characteristic, but how many local peaking's points due to no matter, also no matter which local peaking's point GMPP is positioned at, and all needs all to search for one time to full voltage range, its process consumes long period and more computational resource, efficiency is lower.Therefore need to design the quick MPPT method being applicable to NPUCS, improve photovoltaic energy utilization ratio.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is: the Maximum Power Output for existing otherness photovoltaic cells series circuit obtains the deficiency that control method exists, method for designing calculates output power peak point quantity and each series unit peak point power approximation, judge each peak point watt level, obtain the region at global maximum power point place, until utilize conventional conductance increment method search to obtain accurate GMPP.The method only need measure the open-circuit voltage of series circuit and the short-circuit current of each unit when system initial start, the region of number of peaks and maximum power point can be calculated, then use conductance increment method can obtain accurate global maximum power point position.Utilize less calculating and zonule search to replace region-wide search, the method has the search speed be exceedingly fast.
The present invention is for solving the problems of the technologies described above by the following technical solutions:
Be applicable to an output power acquisition methods for otherness photovoltaic cells series circuit, specifically comprise the steps:
The open-circuit voltage V of step one, measurement series circuit
oc, according to formula V
oci=V
oc/ n calculates the open-circuit voltage V of each unit
oci, in formula, V
ocrepresent circuit for series circuit open circuit voltage, n represents series unit number;
The operating voltage of circuit is made to maintain open-circuit voltage V
oci60%, draw the short-circuit current I of each photovoltaic cells
sci, by the short-circuit current I of described each photovoltaic cells
sciaccording to order arrangement from small to large, set up short-circuit current vector;
Step 2, the short-circuit current I will obtained in step one
scibe multiplied by fixed coefficient, draw the approximate value Imi of peak point current vector;
Peak point current vectorial intersection that step 3, short-circuit current vector step one obtained and step 2 obtain subtracts each other, and calculates the peak value points N of otherness photovoltaic cells series circuit
pk;
Step 4, calculating N
pkthe approximate power value of individual peak point:
P
maxi=[(i-0.24)/n] V
oci
mi, P in formula
maxi, I
mibe respectively peak point power and the electric current of i-th unit; The N calculated
pkmaximal value P is chosen in individual peak point power
maxcorresponding peak point, then this peak point is global maximum power point;
Step 5, the P that step 4 is obtained
maxcorresponding peak point region, as the reach of conductance increment method, adopts conductance increment method search to draw the exact position of maximum power point.
As present invention further optimization scheme, in step 3, the peak value points N of described otherness photovoltaic cells series circuit
pkcomputation process journey specific as follows:
By a jth short-circuit current I
scjwith a kth peak point current I
mksubtract each other, when result is greater than or equal to 0, by peak value points N
pkreduce 1, then, subscript j is increased by 1, continue computing and compare;
When result is less than 0, maintain then peak value points N
pkconstant, then, subscript j and k is all increased by 1, continue computing and compare;
In above-mentioned computation process, the span of j is 1 is 2 to n, N to the span of n-1, k
pkinitial value be n.
As present invention further optimization scheme, in described step 4, according to the voltage approximate characteristic of each unit in otherness photovoltaic series circuit, judge that the proportionate relationship between peak point voltage and open-circuit voltage is similar to constant.
The present invention adopts above technical scheme compared with prior art, has following technique effect:
1, the tracking velocity be exceedingly fast.This method only need adopt the accurate maximum power point of conductance increment method search after just locating GMPP region, remaining link is all by having calculated, replace region-widely searching element with the element of searching of a small amount of calculating and zonule, save search time, therefore there is the tracking velocity be exceedingly fast, be applicable to changes in environmental conditions photovoltaic use occasion faster;
2, the high voltage applications occasion that tandem photovoltaic element number is more is more suitable for.This method does not limit the photovoltaic cells quantity in series circuit, electric current boundary coefficient be also in advance stored in, need in line computation.This method is calculate each unit short-circuit current ratio for unique difference of photovoltaic cells number change, and this computing time is extremely short, be all the same in other links, so tandem photovoltaic element number is more, the quick Advantages found of this method must be more obvious.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is overall flow block diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 calculates the FB(flow block) that otherness photovoltaic cells series circuit output power peak value counts in the present invention.
Circuit diagram when Fig. 3 is three photovoltaic cells series connection.
The output characteristics schematic diagram of circuit when Fig. 4 is three photovoltaic cells series connection.
Fig. 5 is when using this method, in three photovoltaic cells series circuits, when global maximum power point is positioned at first some place of local peaking, and the process schematic of maximal power tracing.
Fig. 6 is when using this method, in three photovoltaic cells series circuits, when global maximum power point is positioned at second some place of local peaking, and the process schematic of maximal power tracing.
Fig. 7 is when using this method, in three photovoltaic cells series circuits, when global maximum power point is positioned at the 3rd some place of local peaking, and the process schematic of maximal power tracing.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail:
Overall flow block diagram of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, described in be applicable to the output power acquisition methods of otherness photovoltaic cells series circuit, it is characterized in that, specifically comprise the steps:
The open-circuit voltage V of step one, measurement series circuit
oc, according to formula V
oci=V
oc/ n calculates the open-circuit voltage V of each unit
oci, in formula, V
ocrepresent circuit for series circuit open circuit voltage, n represents series unit number;
The operating voltage of circuit is made to maintain open-circuit voltage V
oci60%, draw the short-circuit current I of each photovoltaic cells
sci, by the short-circuit current I of described each photovoltaic cells
sciaccording to order arrangement from small to large, set up short-circuit current vector;
Step 2, the short-circuit current I will obtained in step one
scibe multiplied by fixed coefficient, draw the approximate value I of peak point current vector
mi;
Peak point current vectorial intersection that step 3, short-circuit current vector step one obtained and step 2 obtain subtracts each other, and calculates the peak value points N of otherness photovoltaic cells series circuit
pk;
Step 4, calculating N
pkthe approximate power value of individual peak point:
P
maxi=[(i-0.24)/n] V
oci
mi, P in formula
maxi, I
mibe respectively peak point power and the electric current of i-th unit; The N calculated
pkmaximal value P is chosen in individual peak point power
maxcorresponding peak point, then this peak point is global maximum power point;
Step 5, the P that step 4 is obtained
maxcorresponding peak point region, as the reach of conductance increment method, adopts conductance increment method search to draw the exact position of maximum power point.
Calculate FB(flow block) that otherness photovoltaic cells series circuit output power peak value counts in the present invention as shown in Figure 2, its computation process is: by an a jth short-circuit current Iscj and kth peak point current I
mksubtract each other, when result is greater than or equal to 0, by peak value points N
pkreduce 1, then, subscript j is increased by 1, continue computing and compare; When result is less than 0, maintain then peak value points N
pkconstant, then, subscript j and k is all increased by 1, continue computing and compare; In above-mentioned computation process, the span of j is 1 is 2 to n, N to the span of n-1, k
pkinitial value be n.
In one particular embodiment of the present invention, three photovoltaic cells with bypass diode are connected, its circuit diagram as shown in Figure 3, illumination mutual difference suffered by three photovoltaic cells, and from top to bottom successively illumination weaken, output output characteristics after their series connection presents multi-peak characteristic, Fig. 4 is three unit light according to being respectively 1000,600,400W/ ㎡ connect after output current-voltage and power-voltage characteristic.
In above-mentioned specific embodiment, three kinds of possibility situations of its output power curve when Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 are three photovoltaic cells series connection respectively, corresponding maximum power point is respectively in the situation at first, second, and third peak point place, and the detailed process of MPPT maximum power point tracking is as follows:
As shown in Figure 5, after initialization, open-circuit voltage is 108V, the open-circuit voltage of photovoltaic cells is 36V, series circuit short-circuit current is about 11A, the short-circuit current of two photovoltaic cells be bypassed is respectively 6.5A, 5A, and their peak point current is about 9.35A, 5.53A, 4.25A, and power peak is counted as calculated is 3.Photovoltaic series connection circuit working is in the A0 point at unit open voltage 60% place, three peak point power are respectively 273.60W(1*0.76*36V*10A), 253.44W(1.76*36V*4A), 278.21W(2.76*36V*2.8A), relatively learn that first peak point performance number is larger, working point is transformed to 27.4V(0.76*36V), namely the M1 point in figure, then conductance increment method is used to obtain accurate global maximum power point GMPP at about M1, the G1 point namely in figure.
As shown in Figure 6, after initialization, open-circuit voltage is 113V, the open-circuit voltage of photovoltaic cells is 37.7V, series circuit short-circuit current is about 11A, the short-circuit current of two photovoltaic cells be bypassed is respectively 7A, 3.8A, and their peak point current is about 9.35A, 5.95A, 3.23A, and power peak is counted as calculated is 3.Photovoltaic series connection circuit working is in the A0 point at open-circuit voltage 60% place, three peak point power are respectively 300.85W(0.76*37.7V*10.5A), 464.46W(1.76*37.7V*7A), 364.18W(2.76*37.7V*3.5A), relatively learn that second peak point performance number is larger, working point is transformed to 66.35V((1+0.76) * 37.7V), the M namely in figure
2point, then at M
2point left and right uses conductance increment method to obtain accurate global maximum power point GMPP, i.e. G in figure
2point.
As shown in Figure 7, after initialization, open-circuit voltage is 110V, the open-circuit voltage of photovoltaic cells is 36.7V, series circuit short-circuit current is about 10.5A, the short-circuit current of two photovoltaic cells be bypassed is respectively 4.8A, 3.8A, and their peak point current is about 8.93A, 4.08A, 3.23A, and power peak is counted as calculated is 3.Photovoltaic series connection circuit working is in the A0 point at open-circuit voltage 60% place, three peak point power are respectively 284.50W(0.76*36.7V*10.2A), 303.58W(1.76*36.7V*4.7A), 405.17W(2.76*36.7V*4A), relatively learn that the 3rd peak point performance number is larger, working point is transformed to 101.29V(2.76*36.7V), the M namely in figure
3point, then at M
3left and right uses conductance increment method to obtain accurate global maximum power point GMPP, the G namely in figure
3point.
By reference to the accompanying drawings embodiments of the present invention are explained in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, in the ken that those of ordinary skill in the art possess, can also makes a variety of changes under the prerequisite not departing from present inventive concept.
Claims (3)
1. be applicable to an output power acquisition methods for otherness photovoltaic cells series circuit, it is characterized in that, specifically comprise the steps:
The open-circuit voltage V of step one, measurement series circuit
oc, according to formula V
oci=V
oc/ n calculates the open-circuit voltage V of each unit
oci, in formula, V
ocrepresent circuit for series circuit open circuit voltage, n represents series unit number;
The operating voltage of circuit is made to maintain open-circuit voltage V
oci60%, draw the short-circuit current I of each photovoltaic cells
sci, by the short-circuit current I of described each photovoltaic cells
sciaccording to order arrangement from small to large, set up short-circuit current vector;
Step 2, the short-circuit current I will obtained in step one
scibe multiplied by fixed coefficient, draw the approximate value I of peak point current vector
mi;
Peak point current vectorial intersection that step 3, short-circuit current vector step one obtained and step 2 obtain subtracts each other, and calculates the peak value points N of otherness photovoltaic cells series circuit
pk;
Step 4, calculating N
pkthe approximate power value of individual peak point:
P
maxi=[(i-0.24)/n] V
oci
mi, P in formula
maxi, I
mibe respectively peak point power and the electric current of i-th unit; The N calculated
pkmaximal value P is chosen in individual peak point power
maxcorresponding peak point, then this peak point is global maximum power point;
Step 5, the P that step 4 is obtained
maxcorresponding peak point region, as the reach of conductance increment method, adopts conductance increment method search to draw the exact position of maximum power point.
2. a kind of output power acquisition methods being applicable to otherness photovoltaic cells series circuit as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 3, and the peak value points N of described otherness photovoltaic cells series circuit
pkcomputation process specific as follows:
By
jindividual short-circuit current
i scjwith
kindividual peak point current
i mksubtract each other, when result is greater than or equal to 0, by peak value points N
pkreduce 1, then, by subscript
jincrease by 1,
kremain unchanged, continue computing and compare;
When result is less than 0, maintain then peak value points N
pkconstant, then, by subscript
jwith
kall increase by 1, continue computing and compare;
In above-mentioned computation process,
jspan be 1 to n-1,
kspan be 2 to n, N
pkinitial value be n.
3. a kind of output power acquisition methods being applicable to otherness photovoltaic cells series circuit as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in described step 4, according to the voltage approximate characteristic of each unit in otherness photovoltaic series circuit, judge that the proportionate relationship between peak point voltage and open-circuit voltage is similar to constant.
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| CN110515418A (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2019-11-29 | 全球能源互联网研究院有限公司 | A kind of the determination method and tracking of photovoltaic system global maximum power point |
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| CN105573401B (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2017-03-01 | 康奋威科技（杭州）有限公司 | Solar energy photovoltaic system MPPT control method |
| CN106155170B (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2017-07-07 | 深圳实证可再生能源有限公司 | A kind of solar cell maximum power tracking and controlling method |
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