CN104013389B - For searching for the method and apparatus of artery position - Google Patents
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- CN104013389B CN104013389B CN201410273599.6A CN201410273599A CN104013389B CN 104013389 B CN104013389 B CN 104013389B CN 201410273599 A CN201410273599 A CN 201410273599A CN 104013389 B CN104013389 B CN 104013389B
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of method, the method comprises non-contact optical search and contact pressure search.In non-contact optical search, use optical sensing unit along scanning pattern scan skin, keep being preset distance between this unit and skin surface simultaneously.Determined the approximate location of tremulous pulse by non-contact optical search, thus determine the scanning pattern that contact pressure is searched for, determine the height profile characterizing this scanning pattern curvature information simultaneously.Then determined the elaborate position of tremulous pulse by contact pressure search, in search procedure, wherein use above-mentioned height profile to guide contact pressure search.Present invention also offers a kind of equipment using the method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates generally to search artery position.Particularly, the present invention relates to a kind of method for identifying artery position fast, and make equipment in this way.
Background technology
At present, need to locate accurately tremulous pulse on human skin.
As in US8597195, use single pressure sensor search artery position.Need to keep steady state value in this searching period sensor contact pressure be applied on skin.But because the human body surface in measuring range is bending uneven (such as, the wrist of people), therefore pressure transducer needs accurately and dynamically regulates its position to keep constant contact pressure at searching period.Usually, the search time that this requirement needs to grow is reached very much.US7771361 and US20100286538 suggestion uses the array of optics and pressure transducer by being pressed on skin, thus identifies artery position.Although search time is shorter, the precision of artery position receives the restriction of size sensor.Undersized sensor can only be used to obtain high accuracy, but the implementation cost of small size sensor is high.
Therefore, in this field, needing when not reducing size sensor, also accurately identifying artery position fast.
Summary of the invention
One aspect of the present invention is a kind of method for searching for artery position.In the method, non-contact optical search and contact pressure search is performed.Use in noncontact process and there is the optical sensing unit of light source and optical detector, with along the scanning pattern scan skin on skin, thus determine the region of search in scanning pattern, and predict that tremulous pulse is positioned at this region of search.Then, by carrying out contact pressure search along this region of search, use the exact position of pressure transducer search tremulous pulse.
In noncontact process, determine the height profile characterizing scanning pattern curvature information.In contact pairs, the scanning of the curvature information guide pressure sensor provided by height profile.
In noncontact process, the light beam that optical sensing unit utilizes light source to produce is along scanning pattern scan skin step by step, use optics detector measurement by the instantaneous power level of skin surface and subdermal tissue folded light beam simultaneously, to make after completing scanning, obtain the sequential of the power level measured.According to the sequential of the power level measured, in scanning pattern, determine region of search, and predict that tremulous pulse is positioned at this region of search.In scan period, the position of control both optical sensing unit to keep the preset distance between this unit and skin surface, to eliminate the harmful factor in the sequential obtaining institute power scale level.After completing scanning, obtain this unit coordinate over time and from wherein deriving height profile.
During scan skin, preferably, estimating the instantaneous distance of light source apart from scanning pattern by the one or more instantaneous power level through selecting measured, to feed back-to control the position of this unit, thus keeping the preset distance between this unit and skin surface.
In contact pairs, pressure transducer is moved to the first initial coordinate of region of search, and pressure transducer is near scheduled pressure value for the contact pressure of skin surface.Then, pressure transducer scans the pressure pulse magnitude measuring tremulous pulse generation step by step along region of search, to make after completing scanning, obtains the sequence of pressure amplitude.In scan period, according to multiple second initial coordinate in the region of search that height profile determination pressure transducer moves to, to shorten the regulating time kept required for predetermined contact pressure.In region of search, according to the exact position of the sequence determination tremulous pulse of the pressure amplitude obtained.
By comprising pressure transducer, light source and optical detector, and by becoming can determine artery position, can realize the equipment of artery position search by Equipments Setting according to method disclosed herein.
Other aspects of the present invention are disclosed in as described by embodiment hereinafter.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 shows the step of exemplary process of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows the setting of the determination artery position according to exemplary process of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the example of the height profile obtained by non-contact optical search.
Fig. 4 is the example that the power level AC component that optical detector detects is shown, how it can by AC component determination artery position if showing.
Fig. 5 is the example according to the pressure amplitude determination artery position obtained in contact pressure search.
Fig. 6 provides first pass figure as an example, how to determine artery position by contact pressure search to illustrate.
Fig. 7 provides the second flow chart as another example of determination artery position in contact pressure search.
Detailed description of the invention
As here in description and claims use, " the DC component " of multiple data is meansigma methodss of data.Also as used herein, " the AC component " of the sequence of initial data is the sequence calculating data, each DC component being initial data and deducting the sequence of initial data in these calculating data.
On skin, artery position is searched for, the size determination artery position of the pressure pulse magnitude mainly produced by tremulous pulse with single pressure sensor.Size due to pressure pulse magnitude is also applied to skin surface contact pressure with sensor is relevant, therefore need to keep the sensor contact pressure be applied on skin to be predetermined fixation pressure value by the position of meticulous adjustment sensor, thus determine the exact position of tremulous pulse.But because human skin is bending uneven, therefore in search procedure, pressure transducer needs to detect a lot of trickle position, and to verify the contact pressure whether being applied with expectation, this just significantly increases search time.The search time that the present invention reduces in the following manner: search is decomposed into first stage and second stage, by non-contact optical search, first stage determines that region of search is for the position generally determined residing for tremulous pulse, second stage is that contact pressure search is for determining the artery position in region of search subtly.Because the first stage is contactless process, therefore only need to detect in second stage the contact pressure whether being applied with expectation.In order to reduce search time further, the curvature chart of skin surface also can be drawn in first stage, and use this curvature chart as guiding in second stage, with the change making pressure transducer can follow skin surface fast in search procedure, thus the contact pressure needed for meticulous pressure sensors is verified, and number of times minimizes.
One aspect of the present invention is to provide a kind of method determining artery position on skin of living body surface.Live body can be people, in the example of a lot of medical examination, artery position to be searched can be limited to the skin area on the hands of people or wrist.But for localizing arteries, the present invention is not limited in the wrist of people.The present invention can be applied to other parts of human body, such as, and cervical region.Live body can also be the animal of such as horse.
Exemplarily, the method is shown by the step described in Fig. 1.The method utilizes the optical sensing unit with light source and optical detector.The method comprises non-contact optical search and contact pressure search.First the noncontact process 110 using optical sensing unit along the scanning pattern scan skin on skin is carried out, to determine the region of search in scanning pattern.Determine region of search, and predict that tremulous pulse is positioned at this region of search.The height profile of scanning pattern is also determined in noncontact process 110 simultaneously.Height profile is the figure drawing sensor levels direction (X-direction) position-vertical direction (Z-direction) height relationships in scanning process, characterizes the Curvature varying of the skin surface along scanning pattern.In one form, height profile is represented by one group of coordinate, which depict the two-dimensional geometry position of the skin along scanning pattern.The example of such height profile is shown in Figure 3.After completing noncontact process 110, by searching for artery position along the contact pairs 120 of region of search scanning pressure transducer in region of search.The curvature information that this scanning is provided by height profile guides.That is, height profile provides the coordinate of the next position moved in scan period for pressure transducer, thus makes pressure transducer closely follow the curvature of skin in a scan.Note, noncontact process 110 and contact pairs 120 are respectively used to non-contact optical as above search and contact pressure search.Afterwards, as in step 130, pressure transducer moves to artery position and is positioned on artery position.
Under Fig. 2 is auxiliary, illustrates two process 110,120, Fig. 2 and show the setting identifying artery position 236.For purpose of explanation, consider that wrist 210 searches for tremulous pulse 215 wherein; The present invention is not limited to only identify the artery position on people's wrist.
In noncontact process 110, the light beam 224 that the optical sensing unit 221 comprising light source 220 and optical detector 222 utilizes light source 220 to produce scans the skin 217 of live body step by step along the scanning pattern 230 on the skin 217 of live body, simultaneously the instantaneous power level of reflected light 225 measured by optical detector 222, and reflected light 225 is parts of the light beam 224 from skin 217 and skin lower body Tissue reflectance.Preferably, light beam 224 comprises the infrared light composition existed by optical absorption response blood.After having scanned, obtain the sequential of the power level measured, according to the region of search 235 in this chronicle recognition scanning pattern 230.
In an actual embodiment, usually 203 scan along the X direction, that is, reference levels direction.For the wrist 210 of people, the distance of the scanning pattern in X-direction 203 is generally 15mm to 20mm, this enough wrist determination artery position people.Common, tremulous pulse 215 diameter is generally between 2mm to 3mm, but we need to determine that sensor can be positioned at directly over blood vessel just, and therefore effective position range is only 0.5mm.
As previously mentioned, in time using optics and array of pressure sensors, optic sensor array roughly can judge the position residing for tremulous pulse, and the degree of accuracy of artery position determines primarily of the size of pressure transducer.In order to avoid the needs for extra small sensor array, in the present invention's practice, first by non-contact optical search, the region of search 235 at tremulous pulse place is foreshortened to 3mm to 4mm, then determined the accurate location of tremulous pulse by the contact pressure search of single pressure transducer.Preferably, if want the region of search determining 3mm to 4mm, then light beam 224 is directional beams that beam sizes is not more than 2mm.
Due to noncontact scanning, there is between optical sensing unit 221 and skin surface 217 gap 227.Note, the instantaneous power level measured at optical detector 222 place is subject to the effect length in gap 227.If this length changed in scan period, such fluctuation will be measured in power level in acquisition and be produced harmful factor, makes the Time-Series analysis difficulty of power level.Therefore, in scan period, need the position of control both optical sensing unit 221 with the distance in Z-direction 204 (that is, with reference to vertical direction) between holding unit 221 and skin surface 217 for predetermined value, to eliminate harmful factor.In one embodiment, preset distance is selected between 1mm to 2mm.Keep the attendant advantages of this distance to be: after the scan is completed, the coordinate that acquisition unit 221 is advanced over time, and can derive the height profile of skin surface 217 from it.
Control both optical sensing unit 221 can be carried out, to keep the preset distance apart from skin surface 217 by such as first using the length in the commercial measurement gap 227 based on laser.However, alternatively use the length variations of the measurement clearance 227 of optical sensing unit 221 own, thus reduce implementation cost.First, light beam 224 is mapped to after on skin, and a part is directly reflected by skin surface, and a part injects the tissue under skin in addition, after being comprised the ABSORPTION AND SCATTERING such as blood, subcutaneous tissue and bone, then reflects by body material.The major part of the reflected light 225 that optical detector 222 receives is direct reflections of skin surface, and the intensity of this part light and the length in gap 227 are inversely proportional to.The reflected light 225 that optical detector 222 receives some be the reflected light after tissue, bone and the non-pulsatile blood at intravascular flow absorb, this part can think invariant.These two kinds of reflected light received are the DC components of the instantaneous power level that optical pickocff 222 detects, and be fixed value can the length of control gap 227 be fixed value by feedback control DC component.The reflected light 225 that optical detector 222 receives some be through in tremulous pulse 215 pulsatile blood absorb after reflected light, the ratio that this part accounts for total light intensity is very little, and fluctuate with the frequency of pulse, therefore be the AC component of the instantaneous power level that optical pickocff 222 detects, the approximate location of tremulous pulse can be judged by the power of AC component.
Can determine thus, the preset distance between optical sensing unit 221 and scanning pattern 230 can be kept by the following method: in the scan period of skin 217, estimating the instantaneous distance apart from scanning pattern 230 of light source 220 by the one or more instantaneous power level through selecting measured from scanning pattern 210, then using the position of the instantaneous distance regulon 221 of the estimation in feedback control loop.Preferably, instantaneous distance is estimated according to the DC component calculated by one or more instantaneous power level through selecting.
When being kept the preset distance in gap 127 by feedback control loop, the coordinate that record cell 221 is advanced over time.Fig. 3 shows the example of the height profile calculated over time by this, and the instantaneous distance that this height profile calculates according to aforementioned DC component successively obtains.
Fig. 4 shows the example being determined region of search 420 by the AC component of the sequence 410 of the power level of computation and measurement.AC component along the X direction 203 position on fluctuation be due to blood beating by tremulous pulse 215.Envelope 430 can be calculated by sequence 410.Region of search 420 is selected to the window of the about 3mm of peak swing in encapsulating envelope 430.
In contact pairs 120, pressure transducer 240 first moves on the position X0 of region of search 235, mobile to reach the contact pressure near scheduled pressure value in Z-direction 204.This contact pressure can be set near a certain nominal value among a small circle.Nominal value is the expected value of contact pressure.Generally, this expected value can be select in scope from 30mmHg to 100mmHg.Such as, the expected value of contact pressure, namely nominal value can be 50mmHg.Near nominal value is a tolerance among a small circle, and in this tolerance, the little change of the contact pressure applied by pressure transducer 240 is admissible.Such as, this tolerance can be positive and negative 3mmHg.When pressure transducer 240 is placed on X0 and reaches predetermined contact pressure, the coordinate (X0, Z0) residing for it is called as the first initial coordinate.Afterwards, driving pressure sensor 240 scans the pressure pulse magnitude measuring tremulous pulse 215 generation step by step along region of search 235.After the scan is completed, the sequence of the amplitude measured is obtained.Along region of search 235 scan period, according to multiple XZ coordinates that height profile determination pressure transducer 240 moves to, these XZ coordinates are called as the second initial coordinate.In region of search 235, by the sequence determination artery position 236 of the measurement amplitude obtained.
In the method for shown in Fig. 5, the initial data being measured the pressure amplitude obtained by curve-fitting method process, to form sweep 510, identifies maximum point 525 from this sweep 510.Because pressure transducer 240 due to implement restriction and may not precise positioning in the X position of maximum point 525, so artery position 236 can be the position selected from the window 520 (above-mentioned effective range) of about 0.5mm of encapsulating maximum point 525.
Fig. 6 illustrates the example how being determined artery position 236 by contact pairs 120.During scanning pressure transducer 240 along region of search 235, when pressure transducer 240 reaches any one in the second initial coordinate, such as, (the X in Fig. 6
1, Z
1), (X
2, Z
2) and (X
n, Z
n), regulate the position of pressure transducer 240 in Z-direction 204 subtly, be in predetermined pressure range to keep in touch pressure.
Fig. 7 gives another example of contact pairs 120.Different from that shown in Fig. 6, when move in the second initial coordinate any one time, can not contact pressure be checked.The algorithm 710 mentioned as an example is used to regulate the value measuring amplitude, to compensate the change of contact pressure herein.
As shown in Figure 2, pressure transducer 240 and optical sensing unit 221 can be arranged to a single integrated unit, thus make a driver 260 just can be used for making single integrated unit in reference levels direction (X-direction 203) and upper mobile with reference to vertical direction (Z-direction 204).Alternatively, pressure transducer 240 and optical sensing unit 221 can be implemented as separative element, to use the actuating device comprising multiple actuator.Alternatively, pressure transducer 240, optical sensing unit 221 and driver 260 can be integrated into a single unit and can move in reference levels direction (X-direction 203) with reference to vertical direction (Z-direction 204) is upper.
Obviously, equipment for searching for artery position can by comprising pressure transducer, light source and optical detector, and pass through to become on skin of living body, to determine artery position and be positioned on artery position by pressure transducer to realize by this Equipments Setting according to method disclosed herein.
When not deviating from spirit of the present invention or essential characteristic, the present invention can embody by other concrete forms.Therefore, all this embodiment is seen as illustrative in all respects, and nonrestrictive.Scope of the present invention is indicated by paid claim, instead of aforesaid explanation, and therefore, changing all to be defined as the institute in the equivalents of claim and scope is included in herein.
Claims (18)
1. for searching for a method for artery position, it is characterized in that, described method comprises:
Perform noncontact process, described noncontact process uses the optical sensing unit with light source and optical detector along the scanning pattern scan skin on skin, to determine the region of search in scanning pattern, and predicts that tremulous pulse is positioned at this region of search;
Perform contact pairs, described contact pairs uses pressure transducer along the described region of search scanning determined by noncontact process, determines artery position;
The height profile characterizing scanning pattern curvature is also determined in wherein said noncontact process; And
When pressure transducer scans along region of search, the curvature information provided by height profile guides.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described noncontact process comprises:
Pass through optical sensing unit, the light beam utilizing light source to produce is along scanning pattern scan skin step by step, simultaneously the instantaneous power level of the folded light beam from skin surface and subdermal tissue measured by optical detector, to make after completing scanning, obtains the sequential of institute's power scale level;
During scan skin, the position of control both optical sensing unit is to keep the preset distance between this unit and skin surface, to eliminate the harmful factor in the sequential obtaining the power level measured, thus after completing scanning, obtain the coordinate of this unit over time and derive height profile over time from this; And
According to the sequential of the power level measured, determine the region of search in contact pressure scanning.
3. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described noncontact process also comprises:
During scan skin, estimating the instantaneous distance of light source apart from skin surface by the one or more instantaneous power level through selecting measured, so that the position of this unit of feedback control, thus keeping the preset distance between this unit and skin surface.
4. method according to claim 3, is characterized in that, according to the DC component calculated from described one or more instantaneous power level through selecting, estimates instantaneous distance.
5. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, according to the AC component that the sequential from the power level measured calculates, determines region of search.
6. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described preset distance is between 1mm to 2mm.
7. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described contact pairs comprises:
Pressure transducer is moved to the first initial coordinate of region of search, and make pressure transducer be near scheduled pressure value for the contact pressure of skin surface;
The pressure pulse magnitude that pressure transducer produces to measure tremulous pulse is scanned step by step along region of search, to make after completing scanning, obtain the sequence of pressure amplitude, wherein in scan period, multiple second initial coordinate of the region of search that need move to are moved, to shorten the regulating time kept required for predetermined contact pressure according to height profile determination pressure transducer; And
In region of search, according to the exact position of the sequence determination tremulous pulse of the pressure amplitude obtained.
8. method according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described contact pairs also comprises:
During region of search scanning pressure transducer, when pressure transducer arrives any one in the second initial coordinate, pressure transducer needs to maintain contact pressure and remains near predetermined value.
9. method according to claim 7, is characterized in that, the predetermined value of described contact pressure is a certain nominal value selected in 30mmHg to 100mmHg scope.
10. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the air line distance of the scanning pattern of noncontact process is 15mm to 20mm, and its region of search distance determined is 3mm to 4mm.
11. methods according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described light beam comprises infrared light composition.
12. methods according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described light beam is the directional beam that beam diameter is not more than 2mm.
13. 1 kinds for searching for the equipment of artery position, is characterized in that, comprising:
There is the optical sensing unit of light source and optical detector, described optical sensing unit performs noncontact process, described noncontact process comprises along the scanning pattern scan skin on skin, to determine the region of search in scanning pattern, and predicts that tremulous pulse is positioned at this region of search; And
Pressure transducer, described pressure transducer performs contact pairs, by along fixed region of search, searches for the tremulous pulse accurate location in region of search;
When wherein pressure transducer scans along region of search, the curvature information provided by height profile guides.
14. equipment according to claim 13, is characterized in that, described pressure transducer and optical sensing unit are integrated into a single unit.
15. equipment according to claim 13, is characterized in that, also comprise driving device, and it comprises the one or more drivers for positioning optical sensing unit and pressure transducer.
16. equipment according to claim 13, is characterized in that, under measured tremulous pulse is positioned at the hands of people or the skin area of wrist.
17. equipment according to claim 13, it is characterized in that, the light beam that described optical sensing unit utilizes light source to produce is along scanning pattern scan skin step by step, the instantaneous power level of the light beam reflected from skin surface and subdermal tissue measured by described optical detector simultaneously, to make after completing scanning, obtain the sequential of the power level measured;
During scan skin, the position of described optical sensing unit is controlled to keep the preset distance between this unit and skin surface, to eliminate the harmful factor in the sequential obtaining the power level measured, thus after completing scanning, obtain the coordinate of this unit over time and derive height profile over time from this, and according to measure power level sequential determination scanning pattern in region of search.
18. equipment according to claim 13, it is characterized in that, during scan skin, the instantaneous distance of light source apart from skin surface is estimated by the one or more instantaneous power level through selecting measured, the position of this unit is fed control, thus keeps preset distance between this unit and skin surface.
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| US9931076B2 (en) * | 2014-06-18 | 2018-04-03 | Hong Kong Applied Science and Technology Research Institute Company Limited | Method and device for tonometric blood pressure measurement |
| TWI608826B (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2017-12-21 | 財團法人工業技術研究院 | Optical sensing device and measurement method thereof |
| US10686530B1 (en) * | 2019-04-18 | 2020-06-16 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Power-based encoding of data to be transmitted over an optical communication path |
| CN110477870A (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2019-11-22 | 中防通用电信技术有限公司 | For determining the device of artery position |
| US11402326B2 (en) | 2020-09-25 | 2022-08-02 | Hong Kong Applied Science And Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd. | Systems and methods for multi-wavelength scattering based smoke detection using multi-dimensional metric monitoring |
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| CN101646924A (en) * | 2007-01-31 | 2010-02-10 | 泰瑞连激光技术有限公司 | The luminous power modulation |
| CN101773383A (en) * | 2010-03-09 | 2010-07-14 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Device and method for detecting position of radial artery |
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| JP4452875B2 (en) * | 2003-07-30 | 2010-04-21 | 国立大学法人 東京医科歯科大学 | Arterial blood vessel detection device, pressure pulse wave detection device, and arteriosclerosis evaluation device |
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| JP5948836B2 (en) * | 2011-12-09 | 2016-07-06 | ソニー株式会社 | Measuring device, measuring method, program, and recording medium |
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| CN101646924A (en) * | 2007-01-31 | 2010-02-10 | 泰瑞连激光技术有限公司 | The luminous power modulation |
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