CN1039181C - Selective breeding technique for Brassica type hybrid rape - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a selection and breeding technique of cabbage type yellow seed hybrid rape. A pure yellow seed and an F1 generation seed with the segregation ratio of yellow seeds to black seeds of 3:1, 9:7, 1:1, 3:5 and 1:3 are obtained by hybridizing two pairs of homozygous dominant complementary genes(Y1Y1Y2Y2) with yellow seed coats and a pair of black seed germplasm of homozygous dominant genes according to the matched pairs of yellow seeds and yellow seeds, yellow seeds and black seeds, and black seeds and black seeds. With the selection and breeding technique of the present invention, the rape heterosis utilization of male sterile three lines, nuclear sterile two lines and three lines, self-incompatible lines, chemical emasculation, etc. can be realized so that the yellow seeds with high oil contents and high proteins are obtained. By testing, compared with black seed hybrid rape or conventional varieties, the oil contents of the cabbage type yellow seed hybrid rape are increased by 1.5 to 5 percentage points.

Description

Selective breeding technique for Brassica type hybrid rape

The invention belongs to yellow-seeded brassica napus heterosis utilization technical field.

Cross-bred rape " Qin oil No. two " from the late nineteen eighties since China's large tracts of land is promoted, on producing, obtained remarkable economic efficiency, generally, caused strong repercussion at home and abroad than normal rapeseed kind volume increase about 30%.Low mustard three-way cross hybrid " assorted No. 2 of China ", gms two-line system hybrid " another name for Sichuan Province assorted-number ", change and kill seed selection success and the large tracts of land popularization that sulphur three-way cross hybrid " assorted oil 59 " waits in hybrid " Fu excellent-number " and the low mustard, make the rape heterosis utilization begin to enter the high-quality hybrid breed breeding and utilize the stage.

Rape kind color of the leather pool from shallow to have deeply cadmium yellow, pale yellow, go up yellow, green, red, brown, brown and black etc., because of yellow seed coat is thin, content of cellulose is low, oil content height, protein content are also high, oil product is limpid bright, oil cake is again low fiber high-protein high-quality feed, is one of main goal of attack of rapeseed breeding man always.See kind of a color of the leather pool from the rape type, Chinese cabbage type and mustard type rape all have many yellow seed kinds, and yellow is more stable, the yellow seed coat gene natural resources shortage of cabbage type rape only, before the nineteen ninety both at home and abroad still none yellow seed kind come out.Its main cause is not find desirable kind plasmagene and take effective breeding method, so this progress is little.However, the research of China still maintains the leading position in the world, mainly show to have delivered the not paper of rare learning value, the range of research, the degree of depth and effect all be other countries can not and.Be engaged in this work and what obtain bigger progress is the Liu Houli of Hua Zhong Agriculture University professor and he leader's seminar in China, they were since 1975, through 15 years concentrate on studies, selecting China to nineteen ninety also is first Brassica type normal rapeseed kind " China yellow No. 1 (former code name 955) " in the world, its kernel seed coat colour is a khaki, oil content is up to more than 46%, but because this variety yield and resistance are desirable not enough, so popularizing area is little so far.Under study for action, Liu Houli thinks that the lability of cabbage type rape yellow seed can't explain with the Mendelian inheritance pattern, may be because the regulating and controlling effect of transposable element; By the conventional breeding means, can't select heredity and go up stable true yellow seed cabbage type rape variety; And be prone to serious degradation phenomena with yellow seed selfing; He thinks that yellow seed coat may be controlled by 2-3 to recessive gene, and black kind skin and yellow seed coat hybridization are black to be dominance to Huang, F ₁Yellow seed coat proterties etc. appears in Dai Buhui.Because it is many difficulties of yellow-seeded brassica napus seed selection aspect the yellow-seeded brassica napus heterosis utilization, more be nobody shows any interest in, still blank both at home and abroad so far.

The objective of the invention is to adopt approach such as cytoplasm male sterility three line, genic male sterile two-type line, nuclear plasmic sterile three lines, self incompatible line and chemical emasculation, screening and seed selection had a yellow seed coat dominance complementary gene Y ₁-and Y ₂-kind plasmagene introductive crossing parent, make it in hybrid, be able to complementation by hybridization again or part is complementary, then F ₁The commodity vegetable seed just can present the yellow seed of yellow seed or part, thereby under the nondecreasing substantially situation of output, can improve the rape oil content greatly.

The invention is characterized in: a kind of Brassica type hybrid rape selection, seed selection have the cabbage type rape yellow seed germplasm " Y of two pairs of dominance complementary gene that isozygoty ₅₈" and have black seed germplasm " 4314 " and " the Shan 3A " of a pair of dominant gene that isozygotys; The screening of cabbage type rape yellow seed germ plasm resource and transformation; With yellow seed * yellow seed, yellow seed * black seed, black seed * black seed seed selection yellow seed rape crossbreed, utilize hybrid vigour to improve yield of rape and oil content.

Brassica type germplasm " the Y of seed selection ₅₈" have two couples of dominance complementary gene Y that isozygoty ₁Y ₁Y ₂Y ₂, the black seed germplasm " 4314 " of seed selection and " Shan 3A " respectively have a pair of dominant gene " y that isozygotys ₁y ₁Y ₂Y ₂" and " Y ₁Y ₁y ₂y ₂", the former and any black seed inter breed crossing F ₁Show complete yellow seed for seed, the complete yellow seed of hybridization performance between the latter two, wherein " 4314 " and black seed are hybridized its F ₁The yellow seed of part also appears easily for seed.

The screening of cabbage type rape yellow seed germ plasm resource is meant with existing yellow seed or the known black seed germ plasm resource with a pair of dominant gene that isozygotys and black seed or the hybridization of yellow seed, plants the separation in color of the leather pool by the offspring and determines gene type; Then be that handle isozygotys or the dominant gene of heterozygosis imports in the black seed improved seeds to obtain yellow seed resource by hybridization on the other hand.

With yellow seed * yellow seed, yellow seed * black seed, black seed * deceive 3 kinds of methods of seed at F ₁Dai Zhongke obtains complete yellow seed and yellow seed to be separated with black seed than the seed that is 3: 1,9: 7,1: 1,3: 5 and 1: 3; Utilize this method and to change and to kill the parent, be transformed into two couples of the isozygoty full Huang of dominance or the complementation of heterozygosis dominance or the F of the yellow seed of part cytoplasm male sterility three line, genic male sterile two-type line, nuclear plasmic sterile three lines or corresponding recovery system ₁For seed, thus the snobbish usefulness of the hybrid of round Realization yellow seed rape.

The present invention also confirms through test, and cabbage type rape is yellow, and to plant the skin proterties be the dominance complementary gene Y that is subjected to two pairs of independent inheritances ₁_ and Y ₂So _ control as long as two pairs of dominance complementary gene are in the dominance (Y that isozygotys respectively ₁Y ₁Y ₂Y ₂) and heterozygosis dominance (Y ₁Y ₁Y ₂y ₂, Y ₁y ₁Y ₂Y ₂, Y ₁y ₁Y ₂y ₂)) then show yellow seed coat during state, be dominance (Y when having only a pair of gene ₁Y ₁y ₂y ₂, y ₁y ₁Y ₂Y ₂, Y ₁y ₁y ₂y ₂, y ₁y ₁Y ₂y ₂), or two pairs of genes all are recessive (y ₁y ₁y ₂y ₂) time then show black kind skin.Cause the yellow seed coat shade inconsistent and to be difficult to causes for stable be because due to the minor gene of many quantitative characters, it only influences the depth of yellow seed coat color and does not influence the performance of yellow seed coat proterties.Based on this discovery and understanding, we can utilize approach such as male sterility three line method, nuclear male sterility amphitypy system, nuclear plasmic sterile three lines, self incompatible line, chemical emasculation to carry out the utilization of yellow seed cross-bred rape breed breeding and heterosis, hybrid vigor.Its method can be prepared the F of complete yellow seed with yellow seed * yellow seed, yellow seed * black seed, black seed * black seed ₁Generation; Prepare yellow seed and black seed segregation ratio with yellow seed * yellow seed, yellow seed * black seed and be 3: 1 F ₁Generation; Prepare yellow seed and black seed segregation ratio with yellow seed * yellow seed, yellow seed * black seed, black seed * black seed and be the F of 9: 7,1: 1 and 1: 3 ₁Generation; Prepare yellow seed and black seed segregation ratio with yellow seed * black seed and be 3: 5 F ₁Generation.After further study,, be separated into the ratio of 3: 1 or 9: 7 thereafter on behalf of yellow seed or yellow seed and black seed, the separation of kernel seed coat colour does not take place with black its offspring of seed selfing with yellow seed selfing.

With above-mentioned yellow seed cross-bred rape breed breeding and utilize technology, from the hybridization between genotype with separate the following pattern that reduces: the yellow seed of pattern list 1 usefulness * yellow seed, yellow seed * black seed, black seed * black seed preparation

The F of complete yellow seed ₁Generation

The parent 1	The parent 2	F 1
				Genotype	Phenotype
		Yellow seed * yellow seed
Y 1Y 1Y 2Y 2	Y 1Y 1Y 2Y 2			Y 1Y 1Y 2Y 2	Yellow seed
		Y 1Y 1Y 2y 2	Y 1Y 1Y 2Y 2+Y 1Y 1Y 2y 2			〃
	Y 1y 1Y 2y 2			Y 1Y 1Y 2Y 2+Y 1Y 1Y 2y 2+Y 1y 1Y 2Y 2+Y 1y 1Y 2y 2	〃
		Y 1y 1Y 2Y 2	Y 1Y 1Y 2Y 2+Y 1y 1Y 2Y 2			〃
	Y 1Y 1Y 2y 2			Y 1y 1Y 2Y 2	Y 1Y 1Y 2Y 2+Y 1Y 1Y 2y 2+Y 1y 1Y 2Y 2+Y 1y 1Y 2y 2		〃
Yellow seed * black seed
				Y 1Y 1Y 2Y 2	Y 1Y 1y 2y 2	Y 1Y 1Y 2y 2	Yellow seed
y 1y 1Y 2Y 2	Y 1y 1Y 2Y 2	〃
			y 1y 1y 2y 2		Y 1y 1Y 2y 2	〃
Y 1y 1y 2y 2	Y 1Y 1Y 2y 2+Y 1y 1Y 2y 2	〃
			y 1y 1Y 2y 2		Y 1y 1Y 2Y 2+Y 1y 1Y 2y 2	〃
Y 1Y 1Y 2y 2	y 1y 1Y 2Y 2	Y 1y 1Y 2Y 2+Y 1y 1Y 2y 2					〃
			Y 1y 1Y 2Y 2	Y 1Y 1y 2y 2	Y 1Y 1Y 2y 2+Y 1y 1Y 2y 2	〃
Black seed * black seed
			Y 1Y 1y 2y 2	y 1y 1Y 2Y 2	Y 1y 1Y 2y 2	Yellow seed

The yellow seed of pattern list 2 usefulness * yellow seed, yellow seed * black seed are prepared yellow seed and are separated ratio with black seed

Rate is 3: 1 F ₁Generation

The parent 1	The parent 2	F 1
				Genotype	Phenotype
		Yellow seed * yellow seed				Yellow seed: black seed	Yellow: black
Y 1Y 1Y 2y 2	Y 1y 1Y 2y 2			(Y 1Y 1Y 2Y 2+2Y 1Y 1Y 2y 2+2Y 1y 1Y 2y 2+Y 1y 1Y 2Y 2)∶(Y 1Y 1y 2y 2+Y 1y 1y 2y 2)	?3∶1
		Y 1Y 1Y 2y 2	(Y 1Y 1Y 2Y 2+2Y 1Y 1Y 2y 2) ∶(Y 1Y 1y 2y 2)			?3∶1
	Y 1y 1Y 2Y 2			Y 1y 1Y 2y 2	(Y 1Y 1Y 2Y 2+2Y 1y 1Y 2Y 2+2Y 1y 1Y 2y 2+Y 1Y 1Y 2y 2)∶(y 1y 1Y 2Y 2+y 1y 1Y 2y 2)		?3∶1
Y 1y 1Y 2Y 2		(Y 1Y 1Y 2Y 2+2Y 1y 1Y 2Y 2) ∶(y 1y 1Y 2Y 2)	?3∶1
				Yellow seed * black seed		Yellow seed: black seed
Y 1Y 1Y 2y 2	y 1y 1Y 2y 2	(Y 1y 1Y 2Y 2+2Y 1y 1Y 2y 2)∶(Y 1y 1y 2y 2)	?3∶1
				Y 1y 1Y 2Y 2	Y 1y 1y 2y 2	(Y 1Y 1Y 2y 2+2Y 1y 1Y 2y 2)∶(y 1y 1Y 2y 2)	?3∶1

Pattern list 3, prepare yellow seed with yellow seed * yellow seed, yellow seed * black seed, black seed * black seed

With black seed segregation ratio be the F of 9: 7,1: 1 and 1: 3 ₁Generation

The parent 1	The parent 2	F 1
				Genotype	Phenotype
		Yellow seed * yellow seed				Yellow seed: black seed	Yellow: black
Y 1y 1Y 2y 2	Y 1y 1Y 2y 2			(9Y 1_Y 2) ∶?(3Y 1_y 2y 2+3y 1y 1Y 2_+y 1y 1y 2y 2)	?9∶7
		Yellow seed * black seed				Yellow seed: black seed
Y 1Y 1Y 2y 2	Y 1Y 1y 2y 2			Y 1Y 1Y 2y 2 ∶ Y 1Y 1y 2y 2	?1∶1
		y 1y 1y 2y 2	Y 1y 1Y 2y 2 ∶ Y 1y 1y 2y 2			〃
	Y 1y 1y 2y 2			(Y 1Y 1Y 2y 2+Y 1y 1Y 2y 2)∶ (Y 1Y 1y 2y 2+Y 1y 1y 2y 2)	〃
		Y 1y 1Y 2Y 2	y 1y 1Y 2Y 2			Y 1y 1Y 2Y 2 ∶ y 1y 1Y 2Y 2	〃
?y 1y 1y 2y 2	Y 1y 1Y 2y 2 ∶ y 1y 1Y 2y 2			〃
			y 1y 1Y 2y 2		(Y 1y 1Y 2Y 2+Y 1y 1Y 2Y 2)∶ (y 1y 1Y 2Y 2+y 1y 1Y 2y 2)	〃
Y 1y 1Y 2y 2	Y 1Y 1y 2y 2			(Y 1Y 1Y 2y 2+Y 1y 1Y 2y 2)∶ (Y 1Y 1y 2y 2+Y 1y 1y 2y 2)			〃
		y 1y 1Y 2Y 2	(Y 1y 1Y 2Y 2+Y 1y 1Y 2y 2)∶ (y 1y 1Y 2Y 2+y 1y 1Y 2y 2)		〃
	Black seed * black seed
Y 1Y 1y 2y 2			y 1y 1Y 2y 2		Y 1y 1Y 2y 2 ∶ Y 1y 1y 2y 2		?1∶1
	Y 1y 1y 2y 2	y 1y 1Y 2Y 2		Y 1y 1Y 2y 2 ∶ y 1y 1Y 2y 2		〃
y 1y 1Y 2y 2			Y 1y 1Y 2y 2 ∶ (Y 1y 1y 2y 2+y 1y 1Y 2y 2+y 1y 1y 2y 2)		?1∶3

It is 3: 5 F that the yellow seed of pattern list 4 usefulness * black seed is prepared yellow seed and black seed segregation ratio ₁Generation

The parent 1	The parent 2	F 1
				Genotype	Phenotype
		Yellow seed * black seed				Yellow seed: black seed	Yellow: black
Y 1y 1Y 2y 2	Y 1y 1y 2y 2			(Y 1Y 1Y 2y 2+2Y 1y 1Y 2y 2)∶(Y 1Y 1y 2y 2+2Y 1y 1y 2y 2+y 1y 1Y 2y 2+y 1y 1y 2y 2)	?3∶5
		y 1y 1Y 2y 2	(Y 1y 1Y 2Y 2+2Y 1y 1Y 2y 2)∶(y 1y 1Y 2Y 2+2y 1y 1Y 2y 2+Y 1y 1y 2y 2+y 1y 1y 2y 2)			?3∶5

The yellow seed selfing of pattern list 5 usefulness is 3: 1 and 9: 7 on behalf of the segregation ratio of yellow seed or yellow seed and black seed thereafter; The separation of kernel seed coat colour does not take place with black its offspring of seed selfing

The parent	A selfing generation
			Genotype	Phenotype
	Yellow seed 
Y 1Y 1Y 2Y 2			Y 1Y 1Y 2Y 2	Yellow seed
	Y 1Y 1Y 2y 2	(Y 1Y 1Y 2Y 2+2Y 1Y 1Y 2y 2)∶(Y 1Y 1y 2y 2)			Yellow: black=3: 1
Y 1y 1Y 2Y 2			(Y 1Y 1Y 2Y 2+2Y 1y 1Y 2Y 2)∶(y 1y 1Y 2Y 2)	〃
	Y 1y 1Y 2y 2	(9Y 1_Y 2_)∶(3Y 1_y 2y 2+3y 1y 1Y 2_+y 1y 1y 2y 2)			Yellow: black=9: 7
Black seed 
	Y 1Y 1y 2y 2	Y 1Y 1y 2y 2			Black seed
y 1y 1Y 2Y 2			y 1y 1Y 2Y 2	〃
	y 1y 1y 2y 2	y 1y 1y 2y 2			〃
Y 1y 1y 2y 2			Y 1Y 1y 2y 2+2Y 1y 1y 2y 2+y 1y 1y 2y 2	〃
	y 1y 1Y 2y 2	y 1y 1Y 2Y 2+2y 1y 1Y 2y 2+y 1y 1y 2y 2			〃

Advantage of the present invention and good effect are as follows:

In long-term experimental study, the present invention selects the dominance complementary gene " Y that isozygotys of two couple with yellow seed coat color and luster ₁Y ₁Y ₂Y ₂" the low germplasm of list as " Y ₅₈", this germplasm and black seed male sterile line are hybridized, and can access the F of complete yellow seed ₁For rape seed; The present invention also selects has a pair of dominant gene " y that isozygotys ₁y ₁Y ₂Y ₂" recovery be that germplasm is as " 4314 " with have another to the dominant gene " Y that isozygotys ₁Y ₁y ₂y ₂" male sterile line germplasm " Shan 3A ", and both are mixed with crossbreed and can obtain complete yellow F ₁For rape seed.Breeding of these three kind plasmagenes provides valuable resource to the new good kind plasmagene of transformation.

Isozygoty or the screening of heterozygosis dominance complementary gene and a pair of dominant gene resource about two pairs, its method is to adopt acquired yellow seed germ plasm resource with the hybridization of black seed, F is seen in survey again ₁For rape seed is complete yellow seed or Huang, the black ratio that is separated into some, analyzes by pattern list 1-4 then and determines that yellow seed dominant gene belongs to that to isozygoty still be heterozygous; Then be to isozygoty or the yellow dominant gene " Y of heterozygosis on the other hand known ₁Y ₁Y ₂Y ₂", " Y ₁Y ₁" and " Y ₂Y ₂" import in the black seed rape by breeding methods such as hybridization, selfing, test cross, screenings, with isozygotying or the germplasm of heterozygosis of two pairs of dominance complementary gene obtaining to present yellow seed coat, or be a pair of dominant gene germplasm that isozygotys of black kind skin.For the preparing hybrid kind, often this gene is imported and recover among system, maintenance line or the change parent extremely.

By in the past few years a large amount of field trial research and indoor assay, obtain the gene genetic pattern of top 1-4, and therefrom draw hybridization yellow seed rape yellow seed penetrance be 25-100%, comparable black seed cross-bred rape of the same type of its seed oil content (comprising the yellow seed of full Huang and part) or normal rapeseed generally improve 1.5-5 percentage point.

In recent years, utilize the yellow seed of black seed male sterile line " Shan 2A " and heterozygous genes type to recover the " L of system ₄₅" be mixed with yellow seed cross-bred rape " assorted yellow No. 1 ", F ₁For seed Huang seed penetrance is 50%, and hybrid is increasing production about 6% than black seed cross-bred rape " No. two, Qin's oil " on the output, and is suitable with " No. two, Qin's oil " on resistance and Other Main Agronomic Characters, but oil content is than 1.5 percentage points of " No. two, Qin's oil " improves.

Narrate the embodiment of selective breeding technique for Brassica type hybrid rape below:

(1), uses the yellow seed cross-bred rape of male sterility three line method seed selection

The key of this technology is to have the yellow seed rape kind plasmagene Y of two pairs of dominance complementations of isozygotying ₁Y ₁Y ₂Y ₂Import in the recovery system of male sterile line, make recovery system obtain to isozygoty the dominance complementary gene; As nothing isozygoty dominance complementary gene germ plasm resource, then the dominance complementary gene Y of heterozygosis ₁Y ₁Y ₂y ₂, Y ₁y ₁Y ₂Y ₂Or Y ₁y ₁Y ₂Y ₂Also can, but need by with recovery be hybridization, selfing, testcross and screening, obtain to have the dominance of isozygotying complementary gene RRY ₁Y ₁Y ₂Y ₂Recovery system.Cultivate C as recovering system with black seed ₈(recessive homozygous gene RRy ₁y ₁y ₂y ₂) and yellow seed to recover be L ₄₅(dominance heterozygous genes RRY ₁Y ₁Y ₂y ₂) hybridization is for example, the new yellow seed of seed selection recovers (the dominance homozygous gene RRY of system ₁Y ₁Y ₂Y ₂) program.

？(RRy ₁y ₁y ₂y ₂)×S(RRY ₁Y ₁Y ₂y ₂)

Cultivate C ₈(black seed) ↓ L ₄₅(yellow seed) F ₁(RRY ₁y ₁Y ₂y ₂)? (RRY ₁y ₁y ₂y ₂)

↓ (yellow seed) ↓ (black seed)

↓ ↓ F ₂ ↓ ↓

1？(RRY 1Y 1Y 2Y 2) 2？(RRY 1y 1y 2y 2) 2？(RRY 1Y 1Y 2y 2) 2？(RRy 1y 1Y 2y 2) 2？(RRY 1y 1Y 2Y 2) 1？(RRy 1y 1Y 2Y 2) 4？(RRY 1y 1Y 2y 2) 1？(RRY 1Y 1y 2y 2) 1？(RRy 1y 1y 2y 2) (yellow seed) (black seed)

1？(RRY 1Y 1y 2y 2) 2？(RRY 1y 1y 2y 2) 1？(RRy 1y 1y 2y 2) (black seed)

To deceive seed and eliminate, select the selfing 1 again of yellow seed,? (RRY ₁Y ₁Y ₂Y ₂)

↓  (yellow seed) F ₃(RRY ₁Y ₁Y ₂Y ₂) (yellow seed isozygoty dominance complementary gene) 2,? (RRY ₁Y ₁Y ₂y ₂)

↓  (yellow seed) F ₃1? (RRY ₁Y ₁Y ₂Y ₂) 1? (RRY ₁Y ₁y ₂y ₂)

(yellow seed isozygoty dominance complementary gene) (black seed)

2？(RRY ₁Y ₁Y ₂y ₂)

(yellow seed heterozygosis dominance complementary gene)

3、？(RRY ₁y ₁Y ₂Y ₂)

↓  (yellow seed)

F ₃1？(RRY ₁Y ₁Y ₂Y ₂) 1？(RRy ₁y ₁Y ₂Y ₂)

(yellow seed isozygoty dominance complementary gene) (black seed)

2？(RRY ₁y ₁Y ₂Y ₂)

(yellow seed heterozygosis dominance complementary gene)

4、？(RRY ₁y ₁Y ₂y ₂)

↓  (yellow seed)

F ₃1？(RRY ₁Y ₁Y ₂Y ₂) 2？(RRY ₁y ₁y ₂y ₂)

(yellow seed isozygoty dominance complementary gene) 2? (RRy ₁y ₁Y ₂y ₂)

2？(RRY ₁Y ₁Y ₂y ₂) 1？(RRy ₁y ₁Y ₂Y ₂)

2？(RRY ₁y ₁Y ₂Y ₂) 1？(RRY ₁Y ₁y ₂y ₂)

4？(RRY ₁y ₁Y ₂y ₂) 1？(RRy ₁y ₁y ₂y ₂)

(yellow seed heterozygosis dominance complementary gene) (black seed)

From above program as seen, at F ₂The dominance complementary gene that isozygoty have appearred in Dai Zhongyi, but because its probability is very low, so again with its selfing generation, at F ₃How the dominance complementary gene that Dai Zhongxuan isozygotys just have been easy to.

Can be with F ₃The yellow seed sowing in generation, 1 year florescence cover individual plant selfing is reserved seed for planting, and deceives the male sterile line (y of seed with double recessive ₁y ₁y ₂y ₂) to surveying, if can be at F ₁In generation, obtain full yellow race seed, i.e. proof two couple that will control kernel seed coat colour dominance complementary gene (Y that isozygotys ₁Y ₁Y ₂Y ₂) import to recover system and cultivate C ₈In.Can recover system and appoint with this-male sterile line hybridization and obtain the F of complete yellow seed ₁For the commodity vegetable seed.Its gene genetic pattern is as follows:

S(rry ₁y ₁y ₂y ₂)×？(RRY ₁Y ₁Y ₂Y ₂)

(black seed male sterile line) ↓ (yellow seed isozygoty dominance complementary gene recover system)

F ₁?？(RrY ₁y ₁Y ₂y ₂)

(yellow seed cross-bred rape)

Only enumerated with S (RRY above ₁Y ₁Y ₂y ₂) yellow seed genotype imports the seed selection program of recovering system; As inciting somebody to action? (RRY ₁Y ₁Y ₂Y ₂),? (RRY ₁y ₁Y ₂Y ₂) or? (RRY ₁y ₁Y ₂y ₂) yellow seed genotype importing, its method is substantially roughly the same.But the male sterile line as seed selection is stable yellow seed type, and its genotype is S (rrY ₁Y ₁Y ₂Y ₂), belong to and yellowly still deceiving no matter then recover the kind color of the leather pool of system, the hybrid F that joins with male sterile line ₁In generation, be complete yellow seed, and it utilizes method just very simple, and only needing directly, preparation gets final product.

(2), applied chemistry is killed the yellow seed cross-bred rape of male method seed selection

In pattern list 1, though four kinds of genotype Y of cabbage type rape ₁Y ₁Y ₂y ₂And Y ₁y ₁Y ₂Y ₂, Y ₁Y ₁Y ₂y ₂And y ₁y ₁Y ₂Y ₂, Y ₁y ₁Y ₂Y ₂And Y ₁Y ₁y ₂y ₂, Y ₁Y ₁y ₂y ₂And y ₁y ₁Y ₂Y ₂Hybridization all can obtain complete yellow hybridization F ₁For seed, but these germplasm materials are removed Y ₁Y ₁Y ₂Y ₂And y ₁y ₁Y ₂Y ₂All be outward unsettled yellow seed material, so be worthless.Have only when yellow seed dominance complementary gene are isozygotied, promptly obtain Y ₁Y ₁Y ₂Y ₂The dominance complementary gene type that isozygotys, not only yellow seed proterties is stable, and this germplasm materials is hybridized its F with any yellow seed or black seed ₁In generation, all will show complete yellow seed, so the key technology of the yellow seed cross-bred rape of chemical emasculation seed selection also is how to make one of parent obtain to have two pairs of dominance complementary gene that isozygoty, just to change parent extremely transformation.Changing the transformation of killing the parent is with yellow seed dominance complementary gene Y ₁And Y ₂Importing any one good change kills among the production of hybrid seeds parent, at F ₂For the bagging selfing of rape florescence, will deceive the seed plant during results and eliminate, select yellow seed plant sowing, florescence bagging selfing again in 1 year, at F ₃Select to have Y in generation ₁Y ₁Y ₂Y ₂The individual plant type of the dominance complementary gene that isozygoty, the fine individual plant that selects former kind proterties to keep substantially in these individual plants does the parent and changes another parent who kills and hybridize preparationization hybrid extremely again.Its method is as follows:

1, kill one of parent (male parent) for deceiving seed as changing, genotype is y ₁y ₁y ₂y ₂, and yellow seed genotype is Y for the dominance complementary gene that isozygoty ₁Y ₁Y ₂Y ₂, can be with Y ₁Y ₁Y ₂Y ₂Import y ₁y ₁Y ₂Y ₂In and make this parent obtain the dominance complementary gene Y that isozygotys ₁Y ₁Y ₂Y ₂Its program is as follows:

y ₁y ₁y ₂y ₂?×?Y ₁Y ₁Y ₂Y ₂

(black seed) ↓ (yellow seed)

F ₁ Y ₁y ₁Y ₂y ₂

↓  (yellow seed)

F ₂ 1Y ₁Y ₁Y ₂Y ₂ 2Y ₁y ₁y ₂y ₂

(yellow seed isozygoty dominance complementary gene)

2Y ₁Y ₁Y ₂y ₂ 2y ₁y ₁Y ₂y ₂

2Y ₁y ₁Y ₂Y ₂ 1y ₁y ₁Y ₂Y ₂

4Y ₁y ₁Y ₂y ₂ 1Y ₁Y ₁y ₂y ₂

1y ₁y ₁y ₂y ₂

(yellow seed heterozygosis dominance complementary gene) (black seed)

Though from top program, can find out, at F ₂Dai Zhongyi has obtained two dominance complementary gene Y ₁Y ₁Y ₂Y ₂Type, but probability is very low, as at F ₂For the bagging selfing of rape florescence, will deceive the seed plant during results and eliminate, select yellow seed plant sowing, florescence bagging selfing again in 1 year, at F ₃Just can choose easily in generation and have Y ₁Y ₁Y ₂Y ₂Isozygotied the individual plant type of dominance complementary gene, the fine individual plant that selects former kind proterties to keep substantially in these individual plants does the parent and hybridizes preparationization hybrid extremely with another parent who change to kill again.Certainly to select and have the isozygoty individual plant of dominance complementary gene of yellow seed, must be with F ₃The plant bagging with change to kill in addition-the paired test cross of parent, screening, see to obtain complete yellow F ₁For rape seed.As the test cross offspring is the F of full Huang ₁Stronger for rape seed and hybrid vigour, the seed that then corresponding bagging is selected and remain is has the dominance of isozygotying complementary gene Y ₁Y ₁Y ₂Y ₂Good yellow seed parent, stay the breeding standby.

2, kill one of parent (male parent) for deceiving seed as changing, genotype is y ₁y ₁y ₂y ₂, be Y and yellow seed genotype is heterozygosis dominance complementary gene ₁Y ₁Y ₂y ₂, then with Y ₁Y ₁Y ₂y ₂Import y ₁y ₁y ₂y ₂In and make this parent obtain to isozygoty dominance complementary gene Y ₁Y ₁Y ₂Y ₂Its program is as follows:

y ₁y ₁y ₂y ₂×Y ₁Y ₁Y ₂y ₂

(black seed) ↓ (yellow seed)

F ₁ Y ₁y ₁Y ₂y ₂ Y ₁y ₁y ₂y ₂

↓ (yellow seed) ↓ (black seed)

F ₂ ↓ ↓

1Y ₁Y ₁Y ₂Y ₂ 2Y ₁y ₁y ₂y ₂ 1Y ₁Y ₁y ₂y ₂

(yellow seed isozygoty dominance complementary gene) 2Y ₁y ₁y ₂y ₂

2Y ₁y ₁Y ₂Y ₂ 1y ₁y ₁Y ₂Y ₂ 1y ₁y ₁y ₂y ₂

2Y ₁Y ₁Y ₂y ₂ 2y ₁y ₁Y ₂y ₂

4Y ₁y ₁Y ₂y ₂ 1Y ₁Y ₁y ₂y ₂

1y ₁y ₁y ₂y ₂

(yellow seed heterozygosis dominance complementary gene) (black seed) (black seed)

Though at F ₂The Gene Isolation pattern in see equally and Y occurred ₁Y ₁Y ₂Y ₂Type, but probability is 1/9 of a yellow seed, difficult the acquisition.So, at F ₂Still want the bagging selfing for the rape florescence, will deceive the seed plant during results and eliminate, select yellow seed plant sowing.At F ₃Dai Zhongzai seeks Y ₁Y ₁Y ₂Y ₂The genotype plant is just much easier.Still need reserve seed for planting in florescence bagging selfing when certainly seeking, and with change another parent of killing to survey, screening, see to obtain complete yellow F ₁For rape seed and carry out parent's proterties and select, it is numerous etc. that seed expands.

Will by above-mentioned 1 and 2 two kind of approach obtain have a Y ₁Y ₁Y ₂Y ₂Genotypic parent is with the genotypic parent y of another black seed ₁y ₁y ₂y ₂Parent field row is formulated in seed farm than requirement by changing extremely, and the florescence can kill male to female parent, and then Pei Zhi seed can obtain complete yellow rape seed.Its gene model is as follows:

♀y ₁y ₁y ₂y ₂×♂Y ₁Y ₁Y ₂Y ₂

(black seed kills male) ↓ yellow seed

F ₁ Y ₁y ₁Y ₂y ₂

(yellow seed)

The technical program and the method for male sterility three line method and the seed selection of chemical emasculation method and the complete yellow seed cross-bred rape of preparation have below just been enumerated, GPRS this technical program and method, also just can solve the seed selection of complete yellow seed cross-bred rape kinds such as genic male sterile two-type line, nuclear plasmic sterile three lines and self incompatible line easily and utilize technology, just repeat no more here.

Claims (6)

1, a kind of Brassica type hybrid rape selection is characterized in that: seed selection has the cabbage type rape yellow seed germplasm " Y of two pairs of dominance complementary gene that isozygoty ₅₈" and have the black seed germplasm " 4314 " of a pair of dominant gene that isozygotys and the screening and the transformation of " Shan 3A " cabbage type rape yellow seed germ plasm resource; With yellow seed * yellow seed, yellow seed * black seed, black seed * black seed seed selection yellow seed rape crossbreed, utilize hybrid vigour to improve yield of rape and oil content.

2, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the Brassica type germplasm " Y of seed selection ₅₈" have two couples of dominance complementary gene " Y that isozygoty ₁Y ₁Y ₂Y ₂" black seed germplasm " 4314 " and " the Shan 3A " of seed selection respectively have a pair of dominant gene " y that isozygotys ₁y ₁Y ₂Y ₂" and " Y ₁Y ₁y ₂y ₂", the former and any black seed inter breed crossing F ₁Show complete yellow seed for seed, the complete yellow seed of hybridization performance between the latter two, wherein " 4314 " and black seed are hybridized its F ₁The yellow seed of part also appears easily for seed.

3, method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the screening of cabbage type rape yellow seed germ plasm resource, be meant with existing yellow seed or the known black seed germ plasm resource with a pair of dominant gene that isozygotys and black seed or the hybridization of yellow seed, plant the separation in color of the leather pool by the offspring and determine gene type; Then be that handle isozygotys or the dominant gene of heterozygosis imports in the black seed improved seeds to obtain yellow seed resource by hybridization on the other hand.

4, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: with yellow seed * yellow seed, yellow seed * black seed, black seed * deceive 3 kinds of methods of seed at F ₁Dai Zhongke obtains complete yellow seed and yellow seed to be separated with black seed than the seed that is 3: 1,9: 7,1: 1,3: 5 and 1: 3; Utilize this method and to change and to kill the parent, be transformed into two couples of the isozygoty full Huang of dominance or the complementation of heterozygosis dominance or the F of the yellow seed of part cytoplasm male sterility three line, genic male sterile two-type line, nuclear plasmic sterile three lines or corresponding recovery system ₁For seed, thus the snobbish usefulness of the hybrid of round Realization yellow seed rape.

5, method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: the transformation of male sterility three line is to have the yellow seed rape kind plasmagene Y of two pairs of dominance complementations of isozygotying ₁Y ₁Y ₂Y ₂Import in the recovery system of male sterile line, make recovery system obtain to isozygoty the dominance complementary gene; As nothing isozygoty dominance complementary gene germ plasm resource, then the dominance complementary gene Y of heterozygosis ₁Y ₁Y ₂y ₂, Y ₁y ₁Y ₂Y ₂Or Y ₁y ₁Y ₂Y ₂Also can, but need by with recovery be hybridization, selfing, testcross and screening, obtain to have the dominance of isozygotying complementary gene RRY ₁Y ₁Y ₂Y ₂Recovery system.

6, method according to claim 4 is characterized in that: changing the transformation of killing the parent is with yellow seed dominance complementary gene Y ₁And Y ₂Importing any one good change kills among the production of hybrid seeds parent, at F ₂For the bagging selfing of rape florescence, will deceive the seed plant during results and eliminate, select yellow seed plant sowing, florescence bagging selfing again in 1 year, at F ₃Select to have Y in generation ₁Y ₁Y ₂Y ₂The individual plant type of the dominance complementary gene that isozygoty, the fine individual plant that selects former kind proterties to keep substantially in these individual plants does the parent and changes another parent who kills and hybridize preparationization hybrid extremely again.