CN103867387B - Based on the method that the maximal power tracing of wind-power electricity generation controls - Google Patents
Based on the method that the maximal power tracing of wind-power electricity generation controls Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method that maximal power tracing based on wind-power electricity generation controls, including step-length, the setting adjusting the initial parameter values such as frequency, stopping power tracking thresholding；Voltage, electric current and frequency are carried out sampling step；Judgement adjusts the steps such as the size of frequency, and whole operating process is simplified, it is simple to implement, practical；Follow the tracks of power threshold carry out various dimensions control by change step-length, tracking frequency, stopping, improving the dynamic property followed the tracks of, improve the accuracy of tracking；Adopt dynamic interval absorbed power strategy, solve fan stall when the relatively low rotation speed of fan of wind speed is slower and run and stop operating etc. problem, practical；When the rotating speed continuous several times of blower fan judge unchanged after, force step-length, tracking frequency, stopping are followed the tracks of and continued to follow the tracks of after power threshold is adjusted, pressure is adopted to restart follow-up mechanism, solve long-time tachometric survey not change and bring tracking Problem of Failure, to adapt to the situation of wind speed random fluctuation, improve tracking accuracy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to wind power generation field, especially, relate to a kind of method that maximal power tracing based on wind-power electricity generation controls.
Background technology
Along with in global range, energy crisis situation is more obvious, exploitation regenerative resource has become the major action of countries in the world energy development strategy.Reserves are huge, renewable in the world, be distributed characteristic wide, free of contamination because of it for wind energy, make wind-power electricity generation become a kind of regenerative resource that research is relatively broad.How to catch the Important Problems that wind energy is wind-power electricity generation research in maximum efficiency.
The method that maximal power tracing (MPPT) conventional in the wind generator system of variable speed constant frequency controls to adopt has tip speed ratio method, climbing method optimal-search control and power curve method.Owing to power curve method is according to blower fan peak power curve, measure different rotating speeds, control output so that it is be infinitely close to peak power curve, the change of wind speed can be well adapted for, thus be widely used in wind power generating set.But, power curve method more receives publicity in problems such as maximal power tracing precision, dynamic properties.
Owing to the measurement of peak power curve and rotating speed exists error, the precision of maximal power tracing will be directly affected.Traditional power curve method mainly considers that cluster corresponds to the blower fan steady operation point of different wind speed, and but ignoring blower fan tracking problem under the dynamic process and performance, particularly low wind speed environments that blower fan follows the tracks of will highlight.
Therefore, invent a kind of applicable height wind speed and method that the high maximal power tracing based on wind-power electricity generation of tracking accuracy controls has important Practical significance.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aim at providing a kind of and be suitable for high wind speed and low wind speed and method that the high maximal power tracing based on wind-power electricity generation of tracking accuracy controls simultaneously, concrete technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of method that maximal power tracing based on wind-power electricity generation controls, it is characterised in that: comprise the following steps:
Step 1: initialize, the initial speed ω (0) of acquisition blower fan, sets and stops power tracking thresholding setPd (0), adjustment frequency f (0), initial step length Step (0), minimum speed adjustment thresholding setSd and dynamic interval different periods duration T；
Step 2: to voltage U (k), electric current I (k) and frequency f0K () is sampled, calculate kth secondary tracking time institute's real output P (k) according to voltage U (k) and electric current I (k), according to frequency f0K () calculates the rotational speed omega (k) of blower fan, k is be more than or equal to 1；Perform step 3 afterwards；
Step 3: judge the height of the rotational speed omega (k) of blower fan, if be in high rotating speed, then performs step 4；Otherwise, carry out according to dynamic interval absorbed power strategy, perform step 10 afterwards；
Step 4: judge to adjust 1. whether frequency f (k) meet adjustment frequency formula:
F (k)=f|Δω(k)|≤f|ω(k)-ω(k-1)|≥setSd1.,
If meeting, then perform step 5；Otherwise, step 10 is performed；
Step 5: judge that whether the rotational speed omega (k-1) of blower fan and ω (k) be identical, if identical, performs step 6；Otherwise, then preserve the numerical value of ω (k) to ω (k-1), perform step 7 afterwards；
Step 6: judge whether the rotating speed N continuous time of blower fan changes, N, be more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 100, if unchanged, performs step 7；Otherwise, step 10 is performed；
Step 7: adopt linear interpolation computing formula to calculate peak power output Pm(k)；Set and stop power tracking thresholding setPd (k), adjustment frequency f (k) and step-length Step (k), perform step 8 afterwards；
Step 8: compare real output P (k) and peak power output Pm(k) relation between the two, if meeting formula 2.:
P(k)-PmK () <-setPd (k) 2.,
Then actual power point is in the right side of maximum power point, increases dutycycle, and the increment of dutycycle is the numerical values recited of Step (k), performs step 10 afterwards；Otherwise, step 9 is performed；Step 9: real output P (k) and peak power output Pm(k) relation between the two, if meeting formula 3.:
P(k)-Pm(k) > setPd (k) 3.,
Then actual power point is on the left of maximum power point, reduces dutycycle, the numerical values recited that reduction amount is Step (k) of dutycycle, performs step 10 afterwards；Otherwise, mark has found maximum power point, performs step 10；
Step 10: make k=k+1, and return step 2；
Wherein, described dynamic interval absorbed power strategy at least includes a dynamic interval absorbed power process, described dynamic interval absorbed power process is: in T time, first carry out maximal power tracing in the T1 period, discharging blower fan in the T2 period makes the rotating speed of blower fan go up, wherein, 4. T meets formula:
T=T1+T2 is 4..
In above technical scheme preferably, in described step 1: described stopping power tracking thresholding setPd (0) 5. obtains according to formula:
SetPd (k)=λsetPd(k)·Pm(k) (1-ηmppt) 5.,
Wherein, PmK () takes peak power output during incision wind speed, during incision wind speed, and k=0；λsetPd(k)For regulation coefficient, span be (0,1]；ηmpptFor the maximal power tracing efficiency that target reaches；
Described minimum speed regulates thresholding setSd: causing a decision threshold of rotation speed change, span is 0-0.1 times of the rated speed of blower fan；If twice, front and back rotating speed measured value is more than this value, then it is judged to that this adjustment causes rotation speed of fan to change；Otherwise, it is determined that do not cause rotation speed of fan to change for this adjustment；Preferably, described minimum speed regulates thresholding setSd is 0；
Described initial step length Step (0) is: blower fan can cause the value of the minimum duty cycle of rotation speed change when cutting wind speed；
Described adjustment frequency f (0) is: under incision wind speed, after the output of maximum tracking power is stable, when dutycycle is further added by Step (0) disturbance, rotating speed reaches sampling number required during minimum duty cycle value Step (0) the rotation speed change amount caused first, and this number of times is the adjustment frequency under this wind speed.
In above technical scheme preferably, in the absorbed power process of described dynamic interval: under incision wind speed, after maximal power tracing is stable, quickly regulate wind tunnel speed to rated wind speed, now fan stall runs or even stops operating, by unloaded for blower fan, when rotation speed of fan rises to 2-50 times that time when high and low rotating speed judges threshold value is that T2, T1 are T2.
In above technical scheme preferably, 6. real output P (k) in described step 2 is obtained by formula:
P (k)=U (k) × I (k) is 6.；
Described rotation speed of fan ω (k) is 7. obtained by formula:
ω (k)=60 × f0(k)/p 7.,
Wherein p is the number of pole-pairs of electric machine rotary magnetic field.
In above technical scheme preferably, the method judging rotation speed of fan ω (k) height in described step 3: blower fan is carried out maximal power tracing, after wind speed tenacious tracking cut by blower fan, record the rotational speed omega of now blower fan1, quickly regulate wind tunnel speed to blower fan rated wind speed, after blower fan tenacious tracking again, see whether to export rated power, if can, now ω1The high and low rotating speed being exactly blower fan judges threshold value；If can not, then on previous wind speed, increase Δ v, follow the tracks of after stablizing, record the rotational speed omega of now blower fannQuickly regulate wind tunnel speed to blower fan rated wind speed, after blower fan tenacious tracking again, if rated power can not be exported, then continue to increase wind speed retest, quickly regulate wind tunnel speed to blower fan rated wind speed, until rated power just can be exported after blower fan tenacious tracking again, before correspondence, follow the tracks of the rotational speed omega of blower fan when stablizingnThe high and low rotating speed being exactly blower fan judges threshold value；When the rotating speed of blower fan judges threshold value less than the high and low rotating speed of blower fan, then it is judged to that the rotating speed of blower fan is low；When the rotating speed of blower fan judges threshold value more than or equal to the high and low rotating speed of blower fan, then it is judged to that the rotating speed of blower fan is high；Δ v span is 0.01-0.2 times of the rated wind speed difference with incision wind speed.
In above technical scheme preferably, peak power output P in described step 7m(k) by the n in power-speed curves to test value (ωi, Pi), i=1,2 ..., n；8. the formula adopting linear interpolation method obtains:
Pm(ω)=Pm(ωi-1)+[(ω-ωi-1)/(ωi-ωi-1)]×(Pm(ωi)-Pm(ωi-1))⑧。
In above technical scheme preferably, in described step 7, the value of step-length Step (k) is identified below: when | P (k)-Pm(k) | > setPd (k) time, 9. Step (k) meets formula:
Step (k)=KStep(k)·|P(k)-Pm(k)|≤Dadj9.,
Wherein KStep(k)It is the coefficient adjusting step-length, KStep(k)>0；DadjFor the maximum key synchronizing long value of software set, value is 0-0.05 times of the maximum adjustable dutycycle of hardware；
When | P (k)-Pm(k) | during≤setPd (k), Step (k) value is 0；
Described stopping power tracking thresholding setPd (k) 5. obtains according to formula:
SetPd (k)=λsetPd(k)·Pm(k) (1-ηmppt)⑤；
Described adjustment frequency f (k) 1. obtains according to formula.
In above technical scheme preferably, to voltage U (k), electric current I (k) and frequency f in described step 20K the () value obtained that carries out sampling processes after filtering.
The method have the advantages that
(1) the method operating procedure that the present invention controls based on the maximal power tracing of wind-power electricity generation is simplified, it is simple to implement, practical；Remain power curve method and be applicable to the fast-changing characteristic of wind speed, follow the tracks of power threshold carry out various dimensions control by change step-length, tracking frequency, stopping, improving the dynamic property followed the tracks of, improve the accuracy of tracking；When rotation speed of fan is low, adopting dynamic interval absorbed power strategy, dynamic compartment of terrain absorbs optimal power from blower fan, solve when wind speed is relatively low, and rotation speed of fan is slower, carry out regulating load characteristic during maximal power tracing, the fan stall that causes runs and stops operating etc. problem, practical；When the rotating speed continuous several times of blower fan judge unchanged after, force to carry out step-length, tracking frequency, stopping are followed the tracks of the adjustment of power threshold and carry out follow-up tracking, namely force to restart follow-up mechanism, solve the tracking Problem of Failure brought because the rotating speed of long-time measured blower fan is constant, with the situation suitable in wind speed random fluctuation, improve the accuracy followed the tracks of.
(2) initial value of stopping power tracking thresholding setPd (0) of the present invention, adjustment frequency f (0), initial step length Step (0), minimum speed adjustment thresholding setSd and dynamic interval different periods duration T can obtain according to concrete formula or test method, improve the accuracy of follow-up tracking.
(3) in the present invention, the calculating of output P (k) and rotation speed of fan ω (k) calculates gained by existing formula, easy to operate, and result precision is high, improves follow-up tracking accuracy.
(4) stopping power tracking thresholding setPd (k) in the present invention, adjustment frequency f (k), step-length Step (k) all can be determined by dependency relation formula, adjust real-time dynamicly, improve dynamic property, improve accuracy.
(5) peak power output P in the present inventionmK () realizes curve matching by linear interpolation method, accuracy is high.
(6) voltage U (k), electric current I (k) and frequency f in the present invention0K value that correlated samplings such as () obtains is averaged filtering algorithm through past extreme value and processes, and reduces external interference, improves accuracy.
Except purpose described above, feature and advantage, the present invention also has other purpose, feature and advantage.Below with reference to figure, the present invention is further detailed explanation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The accompanying drawing constituting the part of the application is used for providing a further understanding of the present invention, and the schematic description and description of the present invention is used for explaining the present invention, is not intended that inappropriate limitation of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the method controlled based on the maximal power tracing of wind-power electricity generation in the preferred embodiment of the present invention 1；
Fig. 2 is the comparison diagram following the tracks of power curve and peak power curve in the preferred embodiment of the present invention 2.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiments of the invention are described in detail, but the multitude of different ways that the present invention can limit according to claim and cover is implemented.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of method that maximal power tracing based on wind-power electricity generation controls, refers to Fig. 1, specifically includes following steps:
Step 1: initialize, obtain the initial speed ω (0) of blower fan, setting and stop power tracking thresholding setPd (0), adjustment frequency f (0), initial step length Step (0), minimum speed adjustment thresholding setSd and dynamic interval different periods duration T, described stopping power tracking thresholding setPd (0) 5. obtains according to formula:
SetPd (k)=λsetPd(k)·Pm(k) (1-ηmppt) 5.,
Wherein, PmK () takes peak power output during incision wind speed, during incision wind speed, and k=0, i.e. Pm(k)=Pm(0)；λsetPd(k)For regulation coefficient, span be (0,1], afterwards can according to PmK () size appropriately adjusts；ηmpptFor the maximal power tracing efficiency that target reaches, then 5. drawn the value of setPd (0) by formula；
Described minimum speed regulates thresholding setSd: causing a decision threshold of rotation speed change, span is 0-0.1 times of the rated speed of blower fan, specifically can also be determined according to the characteristic of blower fan；If twice, front and back rotating speed measured value is more than this value, then it is judged to that this adjustment causes rotation speed of fan to change；Otherwise, it is determined that do not cause rotation speed of fan to change for this adjustment；
Described initial step length Step (0) is: blower fan can cause the value of the minimum duty cycle of rotation speed change when cutting wind speed；
Described adjustment frequency f (0) is: under incision wind speed, after the output of maximum tracking power is stable, when dutycycle is further added by Step (0) disturbance, rotating speed reaches sampling number required during minimum duty cycle value Step (0) the rotation speed change amount caused first, and this number of times is the adjustment frequency under this wind speed；
Step 2: to voltage U (k), electric current I (k) and frequency f0K () is sampled, and be filtered processing to sampling voltage U (k) of gained, electric current I (k) and frequency f (k) value, and real output P (k) is 6. obtained by formula:
P (k)=U (k) × I (k) is 6.；
Described rotation speed of fan ω (k) is 7. obtained by formula:
ω (k)=60 × f0(k)/p 7.,
Wherein p is the number of pole-pairs of electric machine rotary magnetic field；
Perform step 3 afterwards；
Step 3: judge the height of rotation speed of fan ω (k), if be in high rotating speed, then performs step 4；Otherwise, carry out according to dynamic interval absorbed power strategy；Perform step 10 afterwards；
Wherein, the height determination methods of described rotation speed of fan ω (k) is: allow software kernels algorithm that blower fan is carried out maximal power tracing, after wind speed tenacious tracking cut by blower fan, records the rotational speed omega of now blower fan1, quickly regulate wind tunnel speed to blower fan rated wind speed, after blower fan tenacious tracking again, see whether to export rated power, if can, now ω1The high and low rotating speed being exactly blower fan judges threshold value；If can not, then on previous wind speed, increase Δ v, follow the tracks of after stablizing, record the rotational speed omega of now blower fannQuickly regulate wind tunnel speed to blower fan rated wind speed, after blower fan tenacious tracking again, if rated power can not be exported, then continue to increase wind speed retest, quickly regulate wind tunnel speed to blower fan rated wind speed, until rated power just can be exported after blower fan tenacious tracking again, before correspondence, follow the tracks of the rotational speed omega of blower fan when stablizingnThe high and low rotating speed being exactly blower fan judges threshold value；When the rotating speed of blower fan judges threshold value less than the high and low rotating speed of blower fan, then it is judged to that the rotating speed of blower fan is low；When the rotating speed of blower fan judges threshold value more than or equal to the high and low rotating speed of blower fan, then it is judged to that the rotating speed of blower fan is high；Δ v span is 0.01-0.2 times of the rated wind speed difference with incision wind speed；
Described dynamic interval absorbed power strategy at least includes a dynamic interval absorbed power process, described dynamic interval absorbed power process is: in T time, first carries out maximal power tracing in the T1 period, discharges blower fan in the T2 period and the rotating speed of blower fan is gone up, wherein, 4. T meets formula:
T=T1+T2 4.,
Wherein, in the absorbed power process of described dynamic interval: under incision wind speed, after maximal power tracing is stable, quickly regulate wind tunnel speed to rated wind speed, now fan stall runs or even stops operating, by unloaded for blower fan, when rotation speed of fan rises to 2-50 times that time when high and low rotating speed judges threshold value is that T2, T1 are T2；
Step 4: judge to adjust 1. whether frequency f (k) meet adjustment frequency formula:
F (k)=f|Δω(k)|≤f|ω(k)-ω(k-1)|≥setSd1.,
If meeting, then perform step 5；Otherwise, step 10 is performed；
Step 5: judge that whether the rotational speed omega (k-1) of blower fan and ω (k) be identical, if identical, performs step 6；Otherwise, then preserve the numerical value of ω (k) to ω (k-1), namely preserve this tachometer value in the variable of a front tachometer value, perform step 7 afterwards；
Step 6: judge whether the rotating speed N continuous time of blower fan changes, N, be more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 100, if unchanged, performs step 7；Otherwise, step 10 is performed；
Step 7: adopt linear interpolation computing formula to calculate peak power output Pm(k), peak power output Pm(k) by the n in power-speed curves to test value (ωi, Pi), i=1,2 ..., n；8. the formula adopting linear interpolation method obtains:
Pm(ω)=Pm(ωi-1)+[(ω-ωi-1)/(ωi-ωi-1)]×(Pm(ωi)-Pm(ωi-1)) 8.,
Particularly as follows: according to the n in power-speed curves to test value (ωi, Pi), i=1,2 ..., n；Rotational speed omega is carried out sampling ω=ω (k), when rotational speed omega meets ω-ωi-1≤ ε, then Pm(ω) formula P is metm(ω)=Pm(ωi-1)；When rotational speed omega meets ω-ωiDuring≤ε, then Pm(ω) formula P is metm(ω)=Pm(ωi)；Work as ωi-1+ε<ω<ωiDuring-ε, Pm(ω) formula is met 8.；Wherein ε is an only small positive number；
Set and stop power tracking thresholding setPd (k), adjustment frequency f (k) and step-length Step (k), perform step 8 afterwards；
Wherein, the value of described step-length Step (k) is identified below: when | P (k)-Pm(k) | > setPd (k) time, 9. Step (k) meets formula:
Step (k)=KStep(k)·|P(k)-Pm(k)|≤Dadj9.,
Wherein KStep(k)It is the coefficient adjusting step-length, KStep(k)> 0, can adjust according to the characteristic of concrete blower fan；DadjFor the maximum key synchronizing long value of software set, span is 0-0.05 times of the maximum adjustable dutycycle of hardware；
When | P (k)-Pm(k) | during≤setPd (k), Step (k) value is 0；
Described stopping power tracking thresholding setPd (k) 5. obtains according to formula；
Described adjustment frequency f (k) 1. obtains according to formula；
Step 8: compare real output P (k) and peak power output Pm(k) relation between the two, if meeting formula 2.:
P(k)-PmK () <-setPd (k) 2.,
Then actual power point is in the right side of maximum power point, increases dutycycle, and the increment of dutycycle is the numerical values recited of Step (k), performs step 10 afterwards；Otherwise, step 9 is performed；Step 9: real output P (k) and peak power output Pm(k) relation between the two, if meeting formula 3.:
P(k)-Pm(k) > setPd (k) 3.,
Then actual power point is on the left of maximum power point, reduces dutycycle, the numerical values recited that reduction amount is Step (k) of dutycycle, performs step 10 afterwards；Otherwise, mark has found maximum power point, performs step 10；
Step 10: make k=k+1, and return step 2.
If the inventive method is implemented on BUCK-BOOST circuit topology, increase or reduce dutycycle when working in corresponding BUCK or BOOST circuit topology, wherein during corresponding BUCK circuit topology: the increase PwmBuckVal+ of dutycycle represents, the reduction PwmBuckVal-of dutycycle represents；Wherein during corresponding BOOST circuit topology: the increase PwmBoostVal+ of dutycycle represents, the reduction PwmBoostVal-of dutycycle represents.
Embodiment 2:
The wind power generating set adopting 150W vertical axis and the method controlled based on the maximal power tracing of wind-power electricity generation, with embodiment 1, specifically include following steps:
Step 1: initialize, obtain the initial speed ω (0) of blower fan, setting and stop power tracking thresholding setPd (0)=1.5W, adjustment frequency f (0)=5, initial step length Step (0)=15, minimum speed adjustment thresholding setSd=0RPM and dynamic interval different periods duration T=135s, described stopping power tracking thresholding setPd (0) 5. obtains according to formula:
SetPd (k)=λsetPd(k)·Pm(k) (1-ηmppt) 5.,
Wherein, PmK () takes peak power output during incision wind speed, during incision wind speed, and k=0, i.e. Pm(k)=Pm(0)=5.0W；λsetPd(k)For regulation coefficient, value is 1, afterwards can according to PmK () size appropriately adjusts；ηmpptFor the maximal power tracing efficiency that target reaches, value is 70%, then 5. drawn by formula: setPd (0)=1.5W；
Described minimum speed regulates thresholding setSd: causing a decision threshold of rotation speed change, value is 0；If twice, front and back rotating speed measured value is more than this value, then it is judged to that this adjustment causes rotation speed of fan to change；Otherwise, it is determined that do not cause rotation speed of fan to change for this adjustment；
Described initial step length Step (0) is: blower fan can cause the value of the minimum duty cycle of rotation speed change when cutting wind speed；
Described adjustment frequency f (0) is: under incision wind speed, after the output of maximum tracking power is stable, when dutycycle is further added by Step (0) disturbance, rotating speed reaches sampling number required during minimum duty cycle value Step (0) the rotation speed change amount caused first, and this number of times is the adjustment frequency under this wind speed；
Step 2: to voltage U (k), electric current I (k) and frequency f0K () is sampled, and be filtered processing to sampling voltage U (k) of gained, electric current I (k) and frequency f (k) value, and output P (k) is 6. obtained by formula:
P (k)=U (k) × I (k) is 6.；
Described rotation speed of fan ω (k) is 7. obtained by formula:
ω (k)=60 × f0(k)/p 7.,
Wherein p is the number of pole-pairs of electric machine rotary magnetic field, and value is 10；
Perform step 3 afterwards；
Step 3: judge the height of rotation speed of fan ω (k), if be in high rotating speed, then performs step 4；Otherwise, carry out according to dynamic interval absorbed power strategy；Perform step 10 afterwards；
Wherein, the height determination methods of described rotation speed of fan ω (k) is: allow software kernels algorithm that blower fan is carried out maximal power tracing, after wind speed tenacious tracking cut by blower fan, records the rotational speed omega of now blower fan1, quickly regulate wind tunnel speed to blower fan rated wind speed, after blower fan tenacious tracking again, see whether to export rated power, if can, now ω 1 is exactly that the high and low rotating speed of blower fan judges threshold value；If can not, then on previous wind speed, increase Δ v, follow the tracks of after stablizing, record the rotational speed omega of now blower fannQuickly regulate wind tunnel speed to blower fan rated wind speed, after blower fan tenacious tracking again, if rated power can not be exported, then continue to increase wind speed retest, quickly regulate wind tunnel speed to blower fan rated wind speed, until rated power just can be exported after blower fan tenacious tracking again, before correspondence, follow the tracks of the rotational speed omega of blower fan when stablizingnThe high and low rotating speed being exactly blower fan judges threshold value；When the rotating speed of blower fan judges threshold value less than the high and low rotating speed of blower fan, then it is judged to that the rotating speed of blower fan is low；When the rotating speed of blower fan judges threshold value more than or equal to the high and low rotating speed of blower fan, then it is judged to that the rotating speed of blower fan is high；Specific practice is: the incision wind speed of this blower fan is 3.0m/s, and rated wind speed is 10.0m/s, and Δ v value is 0.071 times of the rated wind speed difference with incision wind speed, i.e. Δ v=0.071 × (10-3)=0.5m/s；Work as ω1During=3.0m/s, the peak power under this wind speed exportable under 64RPM；Work as ω2During=3.5m/s, the peak power under this wind speed exportable under 80RPM；Work as ω1During=3.0m/s, after blower fan tenacious tracking, quickly regulate wind tunnel speed to blower fan rated wind speed, after blower fan tenacious tracking again, rated power can not be exported under rated wind speed；Continuing to increase wind speed Δ v retest, quickly regulate wind tunnel speed to blower fan rated wind speed, after blower fan tenacious tracking again, just can export the rated power under rated wind speed, therefore, the high and low rotating speed that 80RPM is blower fan judges threshold value；
Described dynamic interval absorbed power strategy at least includes a dynamic interval absorbed power process, described dynamic interval absorbed power process is: in T time, first carries out maximal power tracing in the T1 period, discharges blower fan in the T2 period and the rotating speed of blower fan is gone up, wherein, 4. T meets formula:
T=T1+T2 4.,
Wherein, in the absorbed power process of described dynamic interval: under incision wind speed, after maximal power tracing is stable, quickly regulating wind tunnel speed to rated wind speed, now fan stall runs or even stops operating, blower fan is unloaded, when rotation speed of fan rises to 8 times that time when high and low rotating speed judges threshold value is that T2, T1 are T2, it may be assumed that T2=15s, T1=8 × T2=120s, then T=T1+T2=135s；
Step 4: judge to adjust 1. whether frequency f (k) meet adjustment frequency formula:
F (k)=f|Δω(k)|≤f|ω(k)-ω(k-1)|≥setSd1.,
If meeting, then perform step 5；Otherwise, step 10 is performed；
Step 5: judge that whether the rotational speed omega (k-1) of blower fan and ω (k) be identical, if identical, performs step 6；Otherwise, then preserve the numerical value of ω (k) to ω (k-1), namely preserve this tachometer value in a front tachometer value variable, perform step 7 afterwards；
Step 6: judge whether the rotating speed N continuous time of blower fan changes, N value is 3, if unchanged, performs step 7；Otherwise, step 10 is performed；
Step 7: adopt linear interpolation computing formula to calculate peak power output Pm(k), peak power output Pm(k) by the n in power-speed curves to test value (ωi, Pi), i=1,2 ..., n；8. the formula adopting linear interpolation method obtains:
Pm(ω)=Pm(ωi-1)+[(ω-ωi-1)/(ωi-ωi-1)]×(Pm(ωi)-Pm(ωi-1)) 8.,
Particularly as follows: according to the n in power-speed curves to test value (ωi, Pi), i=1,2 ..., n；Rotational speed omega is carried out sampling ω=ω (k), when rotational speed omega meets ω-ωi-1≤ ε, then Pm(ω) formula P is metm(ω)=Pm(ωi-1)；When rotational speed omega meets ω-ωiDuring≤ε, then Pm(ω) formula P is metm(ω)=Pm(ωi)；Work as ωi-1+ε<ω<ωiDuring-ε, Pm(ω) formula is met 8.；Wherein ε is an only small positive number, and value is 0.1；
Set and stop power tracking thresholding setPd (k), adjustment frequency f (k) and step-length Step (k), perform step 8 afterwards；
Wherein, the value of described step-length Step (k) is identified below: when | P (k)-Pm(k) | > setPd (k) time, 9. Step (k) meets formula:
Step (k)=KStep(k)·|P(k)-Pm(k)|≤Dadj9.,
Wherein KStep(k)It is the coefficient adjusting step-length, KStep(k)> 0, can adjust according to concrete fan characteristic；DadjFor the maximum key synchronizing long value of software set, take 0.05 times of the maximum adjustable dutycycle of hardware；
When | P (k)-Pm(k) | during≤setPd (k), Step (k) value is 0；
Described stopping power tracking thresholding setPd (k) 5. obtains according to formula；
Described adjustment frequency f (k) 1. obtains according to formula, particularly as follows:
When P (k) is < during 80W: setPd (k)=2.5W；F (k)=2；(1) as | P (k)-Pm(k) | during≤2.5W, Step (k)=0；(2) when 2.5W < | P (k)-Pm(k) | during≤10W, Step (k)=KStep(k)=5；(3) when 10W < | P (k)-Pm(k) | during≤20W, Step (k)=KStep(k)=10；(4) as | P (k)-Pm(k) | > 20W time, Step (k)=KStep(k)=15；
As P (k) >=80W: setPd (k)=3.0W；F (k)=1；(1) as | P (k)-Pm(k) | during≤3.0W, Step (k)=0；(2) as | P (k)-Pm(k) | > 3.0W time, Step (k)=KStep(k)=1；
The maximum adjustable dutycycle of hardware is 400, then take Dadj=0.05 × 400=20；
Step 8: compare real output P (k) and peak power output Pm(k) relation between the two, if meeting formula 2.:
P(k)-PmK () <-setPd (k) 2.,
Then actual power point is in the right side of maximum power point, increases dutycycle, and the increment of dutycycle is the numerical values recited of Step (k), performs step 10 afterwards；Otherwise, step 9 is performed；Step 9: real output P (k) and peak power output Pm(k) relation between the two, if meeting formula 3.:
P(k)-Pm(k) > setPd (k) 3.,
Then actual power point is on the left of maximum power point, reduces dutycycle, the numerical values recited that reduction amount is Step (k) of dutycycle, performs step 10 afterwards；Otherwise, mark has found maximum power point, performs step 10；
Step 10: make k=k+1, and return step 2.
If the inventive method is implemented on BUCK-BOOST circuit topology, increase or reduce dutycycle when working in corresponding BUCK or BOOST circuit topology, wherein during corresponding BUCK circuit topology: the increase PwmBuckVal+ of dutycycle represents, the reduction PwmBuckVal-of dutycycle represents；Wherein during corresponding BOOST circuit topology: the increase PwmBoostVal+ of dutycycle represents, the reduction PwmBoostVal-of dutycycle represents.
Adopt the aircraft pursuit course that obtains of above method as in figure 2 it is shown, as can be seen from Figure 2: actual power curve Mppt and the actual peak power curve Mpp that follows the tracks of has the significantly high goodness of fit.The calculating formula that can adopt maximal power tracing efficiency is weighed, and test average maximum power is followed the tracks of efficiency and is not less than 90%, and wherein, the calculating formula of maximal power tracing efficiency is: maximal power tracing efficiency=software track efficiency × hardware circuit efficiency.
The foregoing is only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not limited to the present invention, for a person skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations.All within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any amendment of making, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. the method that the maximal power tracing based on wind-power electricity generation controls, it is characterised in that: comprise the following steps:
Step 1: initialize, the initial speed ω (0) of acquisition blower fan, sets and stops power tracking thresholding setPd (0), adjustment frequency f (0), initial step length Step (0), minimum speed adjustment thresholding setSd and dynamic interval different periods duration T；
Step 2: to voltage U (k), electric current I (k) and frequency f0K () is sampled, real output P (k) exported when calculating kth secondary tracking according to voltage U (k) and electric current I (k), according to frequency f0K () calculates the rotational speed omega (k) of blower fan, k is be more than or equal to 1；Perform step 3 afterwards；
Step 3: judge the height of the rotational speed omega (k) of blower fan, if be in high rotating speed, then performs step 4；Otherwise, carry out according to dynamic interval absorbed power strategy, perform step 10 afterwards；
Step 4: judge to adjust 1. whether frequency f (k) meet adjustment frequency formula:
F (k)=f|Δω(k)|≤f|ω(k)-ω(k-1)|≥setSd1.,
If meeting, then perform step 5；Otherwise, step 10 is performed；
Step 5: judge that whether the rotational speed omega (k-1) of blower fan and ω (k) be identical, if identical, performs step 6；Otherwise, then preserve the numerical value of ω (k) to ω (k-1), perform step 7 afterwards；
Step 6: judge whether the rotating speed N continuous time of blower fan changes, N, be more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 100, if unchanged, performs step 7；Otherwise, step 10 is performed；
Step 7: adopt linear interpolation computing formula to calculate peak power output Pm(k)；Set and stop power tracking thresholding setPd (k), adjustment frequency f (k) and step-length Step (k), perform step 8 afterwards；
Step 8: compare real output P (k) and peak power output Pm(k) relation between the two, if meeting formula 2.:
P(k)-PmK () <-setPd (k) 2.,
Then actual power point is in the right side of maximum power point, increases dutycycle, and the increment of dutycycle is the numerical values recited of Step (k), performs step 10 afterwards；Otherwise, step 9 is performed；Step 9: compare real output P (k) and peak power output Pm(k) relation between the two, if meeting formula 3.:
P(k)-Pm(k) > setPd (k) 3.,
Then actual power point is on the left of maximum power point, reduces dutycycle, the numerical values recited that reduction amount is Step (k) of dutycycle, performs step 10 afterwards；Otherwise, mark has found maximum power point, performs step 10；
Step 10: make k=k+1, and return step 2；
Wherein, described dynamic interval absorbed power strategy at least includes a dynamic interval absorbed power process, described dynamic interval absorbed power process is: in T time, first carry out maximal power tracing in the T1 period, then discharging blower fan in the T2 period makes the rotating speed of blower fan go up, wherein, 4. T meets formula:
T=T1+T2 is 4..
2. the method that the maximal power tracing based on wind-power electricity generation according to claim 1 controls, it is characterised in that: in described step 1:
Described stopping power tracking thresholding setPd (0) 5. obtains according to formula:
SetPd (k)=λsetPd(k)·Pm(k) (1-ηmppt) 5.,
Wherein, PmK () takes peak power output during incision wind speed, during incision wind speed, and k=0；λsetPd(k)For regulation coefficient, span be (0,1]；ηmpptFor the maximal power tracing efficiency that target reaches；
Described minimum speed regulates thresholding setSd: causing a decision threshold of rotation speed change, span is 0-0.1 times of the rated speed of blower fan；If twice, front and back rotating speed measured value is more than this value, then it is judged to that this adjustment causes rotation speed of fan to change；Otherwise, it is determined that do not cause rotation speed of fan to change for this adjustment；
Described initial step length Step (0) is: blower fan causes the value of the minimum duty cycle of rotation speed change when cutting wind speed；
Described adjustment frequency f (0) is: under incision wind speed, after the output of maximum tracking power is stable, when dutycycle is further added by Step (0) disturbance, rotating speed reaches sampling number required during minimum duty cycle value Step (0) the rotation speed change amount caused first, and this number of times is the adjustment frequency under this wind speed.
3. the method that the maximal power tracing based on wind-power electricity generation according to claim 2 controls, it is characterised in that: it is 0 that described minimum speed regulates thresholding setSd.
4. the method that the maximal power tracing based on wind-power electricity generation according to claim 1 controls, it is characterized in that: in the absorbed power process of described dynamic interval: under incision wind speed, after maximal power tracing is stable, quickly regulate wind tunnel speed to rated wind speed, now fan stall runs or even stops operating, by unloaded for blower fan, when rotation speed of fan rises to 2-50 times that time when high and low rotating speed judges threshold value is that T2, T1 are T2.
5. the method that the maximal power tracing based on wind-power electricity generation according to claim 1 controls, it is characterised in that: 6. real output P (k) in described step 2 is obtained by formula:
P (k)=U (k) × I (k) is 6.；
7. the rotational speed omega (k) of described blower fan is obtained by formula:
ω (k)=60 × f0(k)/p 7.,
Wherein p is the number of pole-pairs of electric machine rotary magnetic field.
6. the method that the maximal power tracing based on wind-power electricity generation according to claim 1 controls, it is characterized in that: the method judging rotational speed omega (k) height of blower fan in described step 3: blower fan is carried out maximal power tracing, after wind speed tenacious tracking cut by blower fan, record the rotational speed omega of now blower fan1, quickly regulate wind tunnel speed to blower fan rated wind speed, after blower fan tenacious tracking again, see whether to export rated power, if can, now ω1The high and low rotating speed being exactly blower fan judges threshold value；If can not, then on previous wind speed, increase Δ v, follow the tracks of after stablizing, record the rotational speed omega of now blower fannQuickly regulate wind tunnel speed to blower fan rated wind speed, after blower fan tenacious tracking again, if rated power can not be exported, then continue to increase wind speed retest, quickly regulate wind tunnel speed to blower fan rated wind speed, until rated power just can be exported after blower fan tenacious tracking again, before correspondence, follow the tracks of the rotational speed omega of blower fan when stablizingnThe high and low rotating speed being exactly blower fan judges threshold value；When the rotating speed of blower fan judges threshold value less than the high and low rotating speed of blower fan, then it is judged to that the rotating speed of blower fan is low；When the rotating speed of blower fan judges threshold value more than or equal to the high and low rotating speed of blower fan, then it is judged to that the rotating speed of blower fan is high；Δ v span is 0.01-0.2 times of the rated wind speed difference with incision wind speed.
7. the method that the maximal power tracing based on wind-power electricity generation according to claim 1 controls, it is characterised in that: peak power output P in described step 7m(k) by the n in power-speed curves to test value (ωi, Pi), i=1,2 ..., n；8. the formula adopting linear interpolation method obtains:
Pm(ω)=Pm(ωi-1)+[(ω-ωi-1)/(ωi-ωi-1)]×(Pm(ωi)-Pm(ωi-1))⑧。
8. the method that the maximal power tracing based on wind-power electricity generation according to claim 1 controls, it is characterised in that: in described step 7, the value of step-length Step (k) is identified below: when | P (k)-Pm(k) | > setPd (k) time, 9. Step (k) meets formula:
Step (k)=KStep(k)·|P(k)-Pm(k)|≤Dadj9.,
Wherein KStep(k)It is the coefficient adjusting step-length, KStep(k)>0；DadjFor the maximum adjustment step value of software set, span is 0-0.05 times of the maximum adjustable dutycycle of hardware；
When | P (k)-Pm(k) | during≤setPd (k), Step (k) value is 0；
Described stopping power tracking thresholding setPd (k) 5. obtains according to formula:
SetPd (k)=λsetPd(k)·Pm(k) (1-ηmppt)⑤；
Described adjustment frequency f (k) 1. obtains according to formula.
9. the method that the maximal power tracing based on wind-power electricity generation according to claim 1-8 any one controls, it is characterised in that: to voltage U (k), electric current I (k) and frequency f in described step 20K the () value obtained that carries out sampling processes after filtering.
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| CN105464902B (en) * | 2014-09-11 | 2018-02-13 | 西南石油大学 | A kind of control method for tracking maximum power point of wind electric power generation |
| CN105508134A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-04-20 | 内蒙古久和能源装备有限公司 | Method and device for increasing wind energy utilization efficiency of wind generator set |
| CN107218175B (en) * | 2017-06-23 | 2019-03-05 | 南京理工大学 | A kind of rotating-speed tracking purpose optimal method realized wind energy conversion system and maximize Wind energy extraction efficiency |
| CN107152377B (en) | 2017-07-18 | 2019-04-09 | 北京金风科创风电设备有限公司 | Method and device for controlling output power of wind generating set |
| CN111538366B (en) * | 2020-04-03 | 2021-12-21 | 福建星云电子股份有限公司 | Maximum power point tracking method, system, device and medium |
| CN114215688B (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2023-05-02 | 中国华能集团清洁能源技术研究院有限公司 | Maximum power tracking control method, device, equipment and storage medium for wind turbine generator |
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