CN103828657B - A kind of biological control method of grape grey mould - Google Patents
A kind of biological control method of grape grey mould Download PDFInfo
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- CN103828657B CN103828657B CN201410096937.3A CN201410096937A CN103828657B CN 103828657 B CN103828657 B CN 103828657B CN 201410096937 A CN201410096937 A CN 201410096937A CN 103828657 B CN103828657 B CN 103828657B
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Abstract
A biological control method for grape grey mould, preparation mass fraction is the mock-strawberry cyan fruit lapping liquid of 0.4 ~ 0.6%, is placed in Plastic Drum, seals preservation in the cool, for subsequent use; First, in 2 ~ March of solar calendar, mock-strawberry cyan fruit lapping liquid is at least one times sprayed to the ground in grape orchard and vine; Secondly, at the florescence of grape, mock-strawberry cyan fruit lapping liquid is at least one times sprayed to vine; Then, at the young fruit period of grape, mock-strawberry cyan fruit lapping liquid is at least one times sprayed to vine; Finally, in the grape maturity phase, mock-strawberry cyan fruit lapping liquid is at least one times sprayed to vine, can grape grey mould be prevented and treated.The present invention can not only reach the object of controlling disease, and can also extend the shelf-life of grape, more natural environmental-protective, cost is low; In addition, mock-strawberry can prevent fly sting grape, substantially increases the sanitary conditions of grape.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to plant protection art, be specially a kind of biological control method of grape grey mould.
Background technology
Grape grey mould: be commonly called as " etching fringe ", be again light grey and pinkish maize ear rot, pathogen is Botrytis cinerea.Grape grey mould at present more serious a kind of disease occurs in the world, and in the disease that all storages occur, the loss that it causes is the most serious.
Damage symptom: inflorescence, young fruit are susceptible, first produces filbert, water soaking mode scab on bennet and little carpopodium or cob, rear scab browning look soft corruption, when there was dampness in the air, scab can produce Slate grey mustiness thing, i.e. the conidiophore of pathogen and conidium.During air oxygen detrition, the dehydration gradually of susceptible inflorescence, young fruit, atrophy, withered to come off afterwards, causes a large amount of fruit drops, time serious, can to fall light by whole fringe.Young sprout and spire susceptible, produce filbert or bronzing, irregular scab, scab is many to be occurred near vein place, blade occurs sometimes distantly take turns line, when the later stage, there was dampness in the air, the mould layer of grey also can appear in scab.The young sprout do not enriched is at season of growth late onset, and, in bleaching look, there is the grey mycelia block of black sclerotium or formation spore in skin zone.Susceptible after fruit starching, fruit face there is brown depression scab, after expansion, whole fruit rot, and first produce grey sorus at pericarp crack place, after spread to whole fruit, finally grow the mould layer of grey.Sometimes the mycelia block of black sclerotium or grey can be produced in sick portion.
Occurrence regularity: germ survives the winter with invalid being organized in soil with sclerotium, conidium and mycelium.Some is local, and germ forms sclerotium and survive the winter autumn on branches and tendrils or mummy, also can survive the winter on bark and hibernation bud by mycelium.Sclerotium and conidium resistance very strong, after surviving the winter, when spring in next year, condition was suitable for, sclerotium can be sprouted and produce new conidium, the old and new conidium propagates on inflorescence by air-flow, and under having sweat to make the condition of nutrition, conidium very easily sprouts, invade host by wound, natural aperture and tender tissue, realize primary infection.
Cause of disease: cause of disease Botrytis cinerea Pers claim Botrytis cinerea, belongs to Deuteromycotina fungi.Conidiophore grows on Cuticle, mycelium or sclerotium, intensive.The elongated branch of sporophore, light grey, size 280 ~ 550 × 12 ~ 24 microns, apical cell expands, the many stigmas of upper life, on it raw conidium, assembling is grape spike.Conidium is circular or oval, unit cell black or light ash, size 9 ~ 15 × 6 ~ 18 microns.Irregular sheet l ~ 2 millimeter of sclerotium black, outside is prosenchyma, and inside is paraplectenchyma.Sexual generation is that Sclerotinia fuckeliana. (de Bary) F1Jekel claims Fu Keer sclerotinite, belongs to Ascomycotina fungi.Botrytis cinerea is the facultative parasite that a kind of host range is very wide, can infect various fruits, vegetables and flowers.
Route of transmission: Botrytis cinerea mainly survives the winter with sclerotium and conidium, its strong stress resistance.Spring in next year temperature recovery, meet rain or high humidity time from sclerotium sprout produce conidium, or the conidium on other hosts borrow air-flow propagate into Hua Suishang.Conidium sprouts hardly in clear water, is easy to sprouting and infects when floral organ having sweat stimulate, and produces a large amount of conidium, repeatedly infect by means of wind and rain its spread in china again after morbidity.
Onset condition: gray mold requires low temperature and high relative humidity condition, and mycelial growth and spore germination thermophilic 21 DEG C, relative moisture 92 ~ 97%, pH=3 ~ 5 is the most favourable to infecting sequela.Under carbohydrate or acid stimulate, sprout very soon.Intrusion time and temperature have much relations.Within 16 ~ 21 DEG C, 18 hours, can complete intrusion, too high or too low for temperaturely all can extend stage of invasion, 4 DEG C about need 36 ~ 48 hours, and 2 DEG C then need 72 hours.At the grape florescence in spring, temperature is not too high, if meet cloudy weather for several days running, air humidity greatly often causes Hua Sui to rot to come off.Another susceptible disease phase is the fructescence.Increase with fruit sugar transition, moisture, resistance reduces relevant.Extensive management, execute the vineyard susceptible disease that phosphorus potash fertilizer is not enough, machinery wound, insect bite are more, hypsography low-lying, branch excessive growth, closing, ventilation and penetrating light is not enough, and orchard morbidity is heavy.Grape different cultivars is different to gray mold resistance, and red Leah, Hei Han, black large grain, the Nai Jiala etc. of adding are for high resistance kind, and the moderates such as white banana, rose fragrant, vineyard queen are disease-resistant, and huge peak, fuchsin honey, new rose, rose white, triumph etc. belong to high sense kind.
Existing prevention and controls:
1. careful pruning, cuts clean sick branches and tendrils, sick fruit ear and sick tendril, thoroughly removes and to burn outside room (canopy) or buried.To remove cause of disease.
2. clean fallen leaves, and combine fertilising, fall leaves and topsoil and fertilizer blending buried in dressing furrow.
3. select anti-drop defogging film to do the outer cladding material of facility, gross area plastic mulching in ground in facility, reduce room (canopy) humidity, suppress germ spore germination, minimizing is infected; Improve ground temperature, promote root system development, strengthen tree vigo(u)r, improve resistance; Stop that the residual germ in soil is distributed in air, reduce the incidence of disease.
4. conditioning chamber (canopy) interior temp. and humidity is noted, indoor temperature is made daytime to maintain 32-35 DEG C, air humidity controls about 75%, night, room (canopy) interior temperature maintained 10-15 DEG C, air humidity controls below 85%, suppress germ spore germination, slow down pathogen growth, control generation and the development of disease.
5. do not remove canopy film summer, large mouth and air port, the end against the wind can be opened, to prevent germ from borrowing rainwater to propagate, bring out branches and tendrils, blade morbidity.
6. the rational application of fertilizer.Executing well-rotted farmyard manure is main base manure.At grape fruit increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer in vegetative period, mend and execute micro-fertilizer such as boron zinc.Prevent and treat inclined nitrogen fertilizer application, the overstocked and excessive growth of plant, affects ventilation and penetrating light, reduces resistance.
7. Cluster bagging, eliminates germ to the harm of fruit ear.
8. biological control: control: keypoint control period: florescence, young fruit period.Use the mould only 300 times of liquid dilutions of Ao Like at premorbid, carry out plant and spray comprehensively, times for spraying is determined as the case may be, and general interval is spray 1 time in 7-10 days.Described Ao Like is mould is only plant resource Chinese herbal medicinal bactericide, and include the active ingredient such as alkannin, Chlorogenic acid extracted from Chinese herbal medicine, by suppressing pathogen biosynthesis, cause cell membrane not formed, mycelia can not grow, and reaches bactericidal action.Imperfect fungus, the fungus-caused disease of Ascomycotina are had to suppression and preventive and therapeutic effect preferably, and can strengthen crop immunity, improves resistance against diseases.But the mould only complex manufacturing technology of Ao Like, require high, be in monopolization state, cost is higher; In addition, its function is more, also result in the waste of resource.
Mock-strawberry: the rose family " national Chinese herbal medicine compilation ".Perennial herb, complete stool has pubescence; Stolon is long.In wild hillside, roadside, limes marginis or ridge weeds; There is distribution all parts of the country.Herb hyoscine, have clearing heat and detoxicating, Huoxue San " is remorse, astringing to arrest bleeding effect, can control venomous snake bite again, apply control furunculosis etc.; And for killing fly maggot.Other title: snake bubble grass, She Pancao, She Guocao, dragon tell pearl, Disporum viridescens (Maxim.) Nakai-D. A Grag var Maxim.Morphological feature: perennial herb; Rhizome is short, sturdy; Stolon is most, and long 30-100 centimetre, has pubescence.Vanelets obovate to water chestnut shape Long Circle, long 2-3.5 (-5) centimetre, wide 1-3 centimetre, tip circle is blunt, and there is crenation at edge, and all there is pubescence on two sides, or above without hair, tool petiolule; The long 1-5 centimetre of petiole, has pubescence; Stipule is narrow avette to wide lanceolar, long 5-8 millimeter.Hua Dan is born in axil; Diameter 1.5-2.5 centimetre; The long 3-6 centimetre of bennet, has pubescence; Sepal is avette, long 4-6 millimeter, the sharp point of tip, and there is scattered pubescence outside; Calycule sheet obovate, long 5-8 millimeter, longer than sepal, tip normal tool 3-5 sawtooth; Petal obovate, long 5-10 millimeter, yellow, tip circle is blunt; Stamen 20-30; Carpel is most, from life; Holder expanded in the fruit phase, spongioplasm, and cerise is glossy, and diameter 10-20 millimeter, there is long pubescence outside.Achene is avette, is about 1.5 millimeters, the not obvious projection of smooth or tool, glossy time fresh.Its happiness is shady and cool, cold-resistant, can open field soil in North China, suitable raw temperature 15 DEG C ~ 25 DEG C.Happiness warm and moist, not drought-enduring, not resistance to water stain.Require tight to soil, rural area soil, sandy loam, neutral soil is energy well-grown all, is suitable for loose, moistening sandy loam growth.Mock-strawberry is excellent flowers, and spring admires the beauty of flowers, sight in summer fruit.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem solved by the invention is to provide a kind of biological control method making the grape grey mould simple, cost is low, the method does not require to kill Botrytis cinerea, avoid Botrytis cinerea and produce resistance, but by suppressing Botrytis cinerea conidium, that reduces Botrytis cinerea infects radix, and then reaches the object of controlling disease.
Technical problem solved by the invention realizes by the following technical solutions:
A biological control method for grape grey mould, preparation mass fraction is the mock-strawberry cyan fruit lapping liquid of 0.4 ~ 0.6%, is placed in Plastic Drum, seals preservation in the cool, for subsequent use; First, in 2 ~ March of solar calendar, mock-strawberry cyan fruit lapping liquid is at least one times sprayed to the ground in grape orchard and vine; Secondly, at the florescence of grape, mock-strawberry cyan fruit lapping liquid is at least one times sprayed to vine; Then, at the young fruit period of grape, mock-strawberry cyan fruit lapping liquid is at least one times sprayed to vine; Finally, in the grape maturity phase, mock-strawberry cyan fruit lapping liquid is at least one times sprayed to vine, effectively can prevent and treat grape grey mould.
As preferred version of the present invention: preparation mass fraction is the mock-strawberry cyan fruit lapping liquid of 0.5%.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The present invention, by testing the spore that presses down of lapping liquid to Botrytis cinerea of the Different Organs of mock-strawberry, have found the biological control method of control grape grey mould; The method suppresses Botrytis cinerea conidium by the lapping liquid of mock-strawberry cyan fruit, and then suppresses Botrytis cinerea breeding, reduces Botrytis cinerea and infects radix, reach the object of controlling disease, and can extend the shelf-life of grape, natural environmental-protective more, and preparation method is simple, cost is low; In addition, because mock-strawberry can kill fly maggot, the concentration adopted due to the present invention is lower, but still can prevent fly sting grape, substantially increases the sanitary conditions of grape; Mock-strawberry also has heat-clearing, cool blood, detumescence, removing toxic substances, anticancer, develop immunitypty effect; Significantly increase the added value of grape.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that mock-strawberry stem liquid of milling suppresses Botrytis cinerea conidial design sketch;
Fig. 2 is that mock-strawberry leaf liquid of milling suppresses Botrytis cinerea conidial design sketch;
Fig. 3 is that mock-strawberry cyan fruit liquid of milling suppresses Botrytis cinerea conidial design sketch;
Fig. 4 is that mock-strawberry erythrocarpus liquid of milling suppresses Botrytis cinerea conidial design sketch.
Embodiment
Reaching object to make technological means of the present invention, creation characteristic, workflow, using method and effect is easy to understand, setting forth the present invention further below.
Embodiment 1
A biological control method for grape grey mould, first prepares the mock-strawberry cyan fruit lapping liquid that mass fraction is 0.4 ~ 0.6%, is placed in Plastic Drum, seals preservation in the cool; First, in 2 ~ March of solar calendar, mock-strawberry cyan fruit lapping liquid is at least one times sprayed to the ground in grape orchard and vine; Secondly, at the florescence of grape, mock-strawberry cyan fruit lapping liquid is at least one times sprayed to vine; Then, at the young fruit period of grape, mock-strawberry cyan fruit lapping liquid is at least one times sprayed to vine; Finally, in the grape maturity phase, mock-strawberry cyan fruit lapping liquid is at least one times sprayed to vine, effectively can prevent and treat grape grey mould.
Embodiment 2
The liquid of milling of mock-strawberry stem, leaf, cyan fruit and erythrocarpus is to the conidial Inhibition test of Botrytis cinerea.
1. experiment material:
(1) mass fraction be 0.5% mock-strawberry stem to mill liquid;
(2) mass fraction be 0.5% mock-strawberry leaf to mill liquid;
(3) mass fraction be 0.5% mock-strawberry cyan fruit to mill liquid;
(4) mass fraction be 0.5% mock-strawberry erythrocarpus to mill liquid;
2. experimental technique: experiment material (1)-(4) being poured into diameter is respectively in the PDA medium of 75mm, to be coated with evenly with triangle glass rod, be that the pathogen of Botrytis cinerea cake activated produced by 12mm card punch with diameter again, mycelia faces down and is inoculated in the PDA medium central authorities that surface is coated with experiment material (1)-(4), PDA medium relative moisture controls 92 ~ 97%, pH=3 ~ 5, and to be placed in 21 DEG C of constant incubators dark culturing 7 days.
3. experimental result:
(1) mass fraction be 0.5% mock-strawberry stem liquid of milling suppress Botrytis cinerea conidial effect as shown in Figure 1;
(2) mass fraction be 0.5% mock-strawberry leaf liquid of milling suppress Botrytis cinerea conidial effect as shown in Figure 2;
(3) mass fraction be 0.5% mock-strawberry cyan fruit liquid of milling suppress Botrytis cinerea conidial effect as shown in Figure 3;
(4) mass fraction be 0.5% mock-strawberry erythrocarpus liquid of milling suppress Botrytis cinerea conidial effect as shown in Figure 4;
Experimental result shows: mock-strawberry cyan fruit liquid of milling has strong inhibitory action to Botrytis cinerea conidium, and cultivate and still do not have sporangium to produce after 7 days, medium is not white yet; Mock-strawberry stem liquid of milling has partial inhibition to Botrytis cinerea conidium, and part grey appears in medium; Mill liquid and mock-strawberry erythrocarpus of mock-strawberry leaf mills liquid to the almost unrestraint effect of Botrytis cinerea conidium, and medium is all almost grey.
Embodiment 3
1. experimental period: 2013;
2. test place: vineyard, Hefei City, Anhui Province;
3. experimental technique:
One piece of vineyard is divided into five parts by row successively, and every part is three row;
Part I is left intact early stage; A large amount of grape obtains after being ill, in order to reduce economic loss, adopt mass fraction be 0.5% mock-strawberry cyan fruit lapping liquid carry out treatment process;
Part II adopts the method described in embodiment 1 to process, and employing mass fraction is the mock-strawberry cyan fruit lapping liquid of 0.4%, all sprays once in each period;
Part III adopts the method described in embodiment 1 to process, and employing mass fraction is the mock-strawberry cyan fruit lapping liquid of 0.5%, all sprays once in each period;
Part IV adopts the method described in embodiment 1 to process, and employing mass fraction is the mock-strawberry cyan fruit lapping liquid of 0.6%, all sprays once in each period;
Part V uses the mould only 300 times of liquid dilutions of Ao Like at premorbid, and carry out plant and spray comprehensively, be also four times at times for spraying, administration time is identical.
4. experimental result:
Part I early stage there is a large amount of grape grey mould, adopt mass fraction be 0.5% mock-strawberry cyan fruit lapping liquid carry out treatment process after, the state of an illness is controlled;
There is a small amount of grape grey mould near a line of Part II in Part II early stage, the later stage state of an illness is under control; Only there is a small amount of grape grey mould in other two row, and grape is without bite by mosquitos, and the shelf-life after grape maturity obviously extends;
Part III only has the indivedual grapes in 2 string grapes to fall ill, and grape is without bite by mosquitos, and the shelf-life after maturation obviously extends;
Part IV only has the indivedual grapes in 5 string grapes to fall ill, and grape is without bite by mosquitos, and the shelf-life after grape maturity obviously extends;
Part V has the indivedual grapes in 8 string grapes to fall ill, and grape has bite by mosquitos, and the shelf-life after grape maturity is less than the grape of Part II, Part III and Part IV.
Experimental result shows: mass fraction be 0.4 ~ 0.6% mock-strawberry cyan fruit lapping liquid can well suppress Botrytis cinerea conidium, can prevent and treat grape grey mould, and effect to be better than Ao Like mould only.
More than show and describe general principle of the present invention, principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technical staff of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; what describe in above-described embodiment and specification just illustrates principle of the present invention; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.Claimed scope of the present invention is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (2)
1. a biological control method for grape grey mould, is characterized in that: preparation mass fraction is the mock-strawberry cyan fruit lapping liquid of 0.4 ~ 0.6%, is placed in Plastic Drum, seals preservation in the cool, for subsequent use; First, in 2 ~ March of solar calendar, spray mock-strawberry cyan fruit lapping liquid at least one times on the ground in grape orchard and vine; Secondly, at the florescence of grape, mock-strawberry cyan fruit lapping liquid is at least one times sprayed to vine; Then, at the young fruit period of grape, mock-strawberry cyan fruit lapping liquid is at least one times sprayed to vine; Finally, in the grape maturity phase, mock-strawberry cyan fruit lapping liquid is at least one times sprayed to vine, can grape grey mould be prevented and treated.
2. the biological control method of grape grey mould according to claim 1, is characterized in that: preparation mass fraction is the mock-strawberry cyan fruit lapping liquid of 0.5%.
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| CN106635841A (en) * | 2017-01-10 | 2017-05-10 | 广西大学 | Standing form of botrytis cinerea laboratory material and preparation and application method of standing form |
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