CN103763114B - Combined quantum broadcast communication monitoring method based on partially entangled GHZ channel - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a combined quantum broadcast communication monitoring method based on a partially entangled GHZ channel. The method includes the steps that a multi-particle partially entangled GHZ state is prepared through a sender on the basis of an information transfer mode, a corresponding number of auxiliary particles are led in according to the number of supervisors to be used as control particles, a part of particles in the GHZ state are selected to be used as monitored particles, CNOT operation is performed on the auxiliary particles and the selected monitored particles, then the particles are sent to the supervisors and receiving users, the sender performs Bell measurement, check bits are published, the supervisors perform single-particle measurement, measuring results are used as authorization information to be released to the corresponding legal authorization limited users, and the authorization limited users obtain real broadcast data of the sender according to Bell measuring results, checking information and the authorization information. According to the method, the effect that the flow directions of the broadcast data are monitored by the supervisors in a combined mode under the authorization mode is achieved, the requirement for the maximum entangled channel and complicated entanglement concentration operation can be avoided, and the method has good practicability and feasibility.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of broadcast communication method of quantum network is and in particular to a kind of tangle GHZ channel based on part
Joint-monitoring quantum network communication means.
Background technology
Quantum information science mainly includes quantum communications and quantum calculation.Quantum communications are to be come using quantum state as information unit
Realize effective transmission of information, in addition to needing traditional classical channel, more main also need to set up between communication parties
Quantum entanglement channel.Proposed since first quantum remotely pass the experimental program of state based on quantum entanglement since 1993,
The quantum achieving first in the world based on Bell tangles channel for 1997 remotely passes state, and then in order to realize measuring at a distance
Son communication, devises the quantum repeater based on entanglement transfer between transmitting-receiving point.These point-to-point communication behaviors, fully verify
The feasibility of the expansible quantum communication network of structure.Quantum communications had already become the development of Latest Information technology and had the most rapidly studied
Field, but current progress is mainly concentrated based on communication behavior between points.Wang in 2007 etc. proposes first
Quantum broadcast communication protocol, achieves the information transmission of one-to-many using maximum entangled GHZ state.In recent years, the phase such as Man and Yang
Continue and propose the quantum broadcast communication protocol of more efficient identity-based certification.However, it was noted that above-mentioned broadcast communication association
The setting to broadcast data reception user right is lacked, certain customers unrestrictedly should receive broadcast data in view, other
User then needs to obtain real broadcast data under obtaining monitoring authorization message.Additionally, in quantum communications, the amount of being adopted
Subchannel is actually the quantum entanglement between communication parties, and existing broadcast quantum communications and quantum communicativity agreement all utilize
Maximum tangles channel, and such as maximum tangles Bell channelTangle GHZ channel with maximum.It is true that due to Environmental coupling, eliminating coherence and effect of noise in preparation and transmission, based on existing
Some experimental techniques, often hardly result in maximal entangled state, and needs are extracted from the state that part is tangled using tangling centralized operation
Go out approximate maximal entangled state.
Content of the invention
The goal of the invention of the present invention is to provide a kind of joint-monitoring quantum network communication party tangling GHZ channel based on part
So that certain customers can unrestrictedly receive broadcast data, other users need obtaining monitoring ability under authorization message method
Obtain real broadcast data.
To achieve the above object of the invention, the technical solution used in the present invention is：A kind of connection tangling GHZ channel based on part
Close monitoring quantum broadcast communication method it is characterised in that comprising the steps：
（1）The particle of data preparatory stage：Sender Alice prepares two groups of part entangled GHZ states,WithMake
It is used for broadcast message for channel, Alice retains 2 particles from each GHZ state,、、With, from each GHZ state
Extract respectivelyWithMate into quantal data particle sequence units；
（2）Monitoring particle prepares the data particle more new stage：Alice introduces original stateAuxiliary particle, select an auxiliary particleHadamard is first carried out exchange, and withAs control bit, with monitored number
According to positionAs target position, implement CNOT conversion, complete paired data particle sequence unitsInMore
Newly, more rightExecution Hadamard exchanges, withAs control bit,For target position, implement CNOT conversion, by phase
The control particle answeredIt is distributed toIndividual monitoring side, preliminary constitution and implementation joint-monitoring pattern
Quantum broadcast communication channel；
（3）Detection particle prepares and data transfer phase：Alice is every groupSequence prepares severalDetection particle
Composition detection particle sequence, each particle is at randomWithOne of ground state,
Each particle state in which in Alice record detection sequence, willRadom insertion detects particle sequence, write down position, shape
BecomeOrganize new particle of data and detection particle scrambled sequence, Alice is by the particle sequence in handssIt is sent respectively to corresponding
?Individual recipient；
（4）Detection implementation phase：After receive user receives scrambled sequence, safety detection is carried out to this scrambled sequence, carries
Detection particle sequence therein is taken to carry out Anti-Sniffer；
（5）Information decoding stage under monitoring mode：Alice and each broadcast message receive user are in they each handss
Corresponding two particles carry out Bell measurement, obtain measurement result, and measurement result is encoded, orderCorresponding to warp
Allusion quotation particle 0,Corresponding to classical particle 1, Alice is believed by classics according to its measurement result and classified information to be sent
A check bit is announced in roadIf measurement result is consistent with classified information to be sent, checksum location 0；If contrary, verify
Position 1；Each monitoring sideParticle in its hands is utilizedMeasure, work as measurement result
ForWhen, authorization message is encoded to 0；When measurement result is, authorization message is encoded to 1；By its
Measurement resultInform to corresponding validated user as authorization message, if do not authorized, refusal issue is awarded
Power information；Broadcast data reception userExtract particle of data sequence from hybrid grain sequence, carry out Bell measurement, obtain
Measurement result, according to check bit information, Bell measurement resultAnd authorization message, obtain authentic and valid legal wide
Multicast data.
In technique scheme, step（5）Concrete calculating process be：Unrestricted user, the realistic broadcasting message of acquisition is；The mandate of authorized information limits userObtain realistic broadcasting message beIf authorizing restriction user can not obtain
To any one controlling party authorization message, cannot accurately obtain real broadcast message.
Because technique scheme is used, the present invention compared with prior art has following advantages：
1. the present invention, according to the extent of competence obtaining broadcast data, user is divided into mandate and limits user and unrestrictedly use
Family, unrestricted user can direct access broadcast data, authorize and limit user and then need to obtain the authorization of monitoring side to obtain number
According to it is achieved that under licensing mode multiple monitoring side joint-monitoring broadcast datas flow direction.
2. the present invention is wide by using tangling, by the part that environment decoherence produces, the information that channel realizes under monitoring mode
Broadcast, it is to avoid what maximum was tangled with the demand of channel and complexity tangles centralized operation.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the workflow diagram of the present invention in embodiment one.
Fig. 2 is the scattergram of quantum broadcast communication transmission, receive user and the monitoring side of the present invention in embodiment one.
Fig. 3 is the quantum circuits figure of the present invention in embodiment one.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiment the invention will be further described：
Embodiment one：Shown in Figure 1, a kind of joint-monitoring quantum broadcast communication side tangling GHZ channel based on part
Method, one of the method information sender Alice simultaneously toIndividual receive userBroadcast data, its
InIndividual broadcast reception userLimit user for authorizing, the acquisition of its realistic broadcasting data depends on
Individual controlling partyCombined authorization information, be leftIndividual broadcast data reception user is unrestricted
User, it need not authorized information, you can obtains real broadcast data, comprises the following steps that：
（1）The particle of data preparatory stage：Sender Alice has prepared two groups of part entangled GHZ states,WithIt is used for broadcast message as channel：
（1）
（2）
WhereinWithIt is normalization coefficient.Alice all retains 2 particles from each GHZ state,,,With, extract respectively from each GHZ stateWith, mate into quantal data particle sequence units.
（2）Control particle prepares the data particle more new stage：Alice introduces original stateAuxiliary particle, select an auxiliary particleHadamard conversion is first carried out, that is,It is changed into, byIt is changed into
, and withAs control bit, with monitored data bitAs target position, implement CNOT conversion.Become in CNOT
Changing middle control bit is 0, target invariant position；Control bit is 1, target bit flipping.Thus, complete particle of data sequence unitsInRenewal.Next, it is rightExecution Hadamard conversion, again withAs control bit,As
Target position, implements CNOT conversion, controls particle correspondingIt is distributed toIndividual monitoring side,
Thus obtaining the quantum broadcast communication channel that can implement joint-monitoring pattern.During data broadcasting,Individual broadcast number
Limit receive user according to authorizingBroadcast message legal acquisition it is necessary to obtainIndividual monitoring sideCombined authorization,Individual unrestricted receive userNeed not obtain
Mandate to monitoring side can directly obtain all real broadcast datas.
（3）Detection particle prepares and data transfer phase：Alice is every groupSequence, prepares several (k) detection grain
Son forms detection particle sequence, each particle is randomly inWithGround state it
One.Each particle state in which in Alice record monitoring data sequent, willIt is inserted randomly into each and detect particle sequence,
Write down position, formedGroup is by particle of data and the detection molecular scrambled sequence of grain.Hybrid grain in Alice handle
SequenceIt is sent respectively to correspondingIndividual recipient.
（4）Detection implementation phase：After certain receive user Bob receives hybrid grain sequence, carry out safety detection first,
Extract detection particle sequence therein, carry out Anti-Sniffer.During detection information, even if Eve can be from
Intercept and capture particle in quantum channel, and it is measured it is also not possible to successfully eavesdrop.Due to non-orthogonal states undistinguishable, Eve
Can not distinguish that each particle is inIn which state, therefore want by eavesdropping obtain information, be bound to
Quantum state is disturbed to be found.For example, it is assumed that certain particle that Alice produces is inState.When Eve selects in two groups of bases
One measures, and then the result after measurement is sent to Bob.If Eve is to have selected correct substrate, that is,, she can correctly record photon state in which and not cause interference.But if Eve have selected the substrate of mistake,
I.e.Quantum state can randomly collapse forOr.I.e. the action of Eve has disturbed the state of photon.Therefore when
Bob baseDuring to particle measurement, then 1/2 probability is had to obtain, 1/2 probability obtains.If the latter sends out
Raw, then will find when it detects and mistake occurs.Therefore, Bob and Alice selects those effective particles of same substrate, Eve
As above eavesdropping can with 1/4 probability introduce mistake, will necessarily be found and stop to Bob broadcast.If additionally, using additional
If particle is attacked.According to Stinespring dilation theorem, the eavesdropping of Eve is equivalent to Eve in quantum signal and auxiliary
One big Hilbert of system composition spatially executes unitary operations, the error rate that the eavesdropping of Eve causes, also can be tested
Measure.If it find that eavesdropping, then interrupt communication.
（5）Information decoding stage under monitoring mode：Alice and each broadcast message receive user
Two particles corresponding in they each handss are carried out with Bell measurement, obtains measurement result.Measurement result is encoded as follows:Corresponding to classical particle 0,Corresponding to classical particle 1.Then Alice is according to its measurement result and to be sent secret
Close message is passed through classical channel and is announced a check bit.The generation rule of check bit is：If measurement result is secret with to be sent
Close message is consistent, then checksum location 0；If contrary, checksum location 1.Each monitoring sideTo in its hands
Particle utilizeMeasure, when measurement result isWhen, authorization message is encoded to 0；When measurement result is
, authorization message is encoded to 1.By its measurement resultAs authorization message inform to
Corresponding validated user.If do not authorized, refusal issues authorization message.Broadcast data reception user
Extract particle of data sequence from hybrid grain sequence, carry out Bell measurement, obtain measurement result.According to check bit information, Bell measurement resultAnd authorization message, obtain authentic and valid legal broadcast data.Specifically it is calculated as follows, infinitely
User processed, obtaining real broadcast is, the mandate restriction of authorized information
UserObtain realistic broadcasting message beIf lacking any one control
The authorization message of side, authorizes restriction user cannot accurately obtain real broadcast message.
Specific coding scheme is：Part entangled GHZ state is multiparticle Entangled State, without loss of generality, participates in broadcast communication
Initial channel such as formula（1）And formula（2）Shown.In monitoring preparatory stage, the number of supervisor, introducing original state isAuxiliary
Help particle.Select an auxiliary particleExecution Hadamard conversion, initialAnd auxiliary particleJoint system obtain through conversion
（3）
WithAs control bit,As target position, implement CNOT conversion, obtain
（4）
Right againExecution Hadamard conversion, obtains
（5）
WithAs control bit,As target position, it is again carried out CNOT conversion, then has
（6）
Now the joint system status of initial channel and the formation of all auxiliary particles are
（7）
In the case of there is m broadcast data reception user, the entanglement transfer shape of whole system is such as:
（8）
Wherein
（9）
（10）
Alice and all broadcast message receive usersRespectively to the quantal data in they each handss
Particle sequence unitsWithCarry out Bell measurement, each obtain measurement result.Measurement result is entered
Row is following to be encoded:Corresponding to classical information 0,Corresponding to classical information 1.Alice, according to its measurement result, declares
Cloth check bit information.The generation rule of check bit information is:If measurement result is consistent with message to be broadcasted, check bit is
0；If contrary, check bit is 1.
Each monitoring sideParticle in its hands is utilizedMeasure, when measurement knot
It is reallyWhen, authorization message is encoded to 0；When measurement result is, authorization message is encoded to 1.Will
Its measurement resultInform as authorization message and limit user to legal mandate.If do not authorized, refusal gives to authorize letter
Breath.Broadcast data reception userExtract particle of data from hybrid grain sequence, then Bell measurement is carried out to it, obtain
Measurement result, according to check bit information A, Bell measurement resultAnd authorization message, obtain authentic and valid legal wide
Multicast data.Specifically it is calculated as follows, not monitored unrestricted user, the broadcast of acquisition disappears
Cease and be；The mandate of authorized information limits userObtain realistic broadcasting message be.If in broadcast data reception there is disabled user in user, because it can not obtain entirely
Portion's authorization message or the authorization message lacking one monitoring side issue of any of which, all can not obtain true and reliable broadcast number
According to.
The present invention has good safety：Explain Eve eavesdropping institute first taking to detection particle intercepting and capturing-multi-sending attack as a example
The error rate introducing.During detection information, even if Eve can intercept and capture particle from quantum channel, and it is surveyed
Amount is it is also not possible to successfully eavesdrop.Due to non-orthogonal states undistinguishable, Eve can not distinguish that each particle is inIn which state, therefore want by eavesdropping obtain information, be bound to disturb quantum state and be found.Example
As it is assumed that certain particle that Alice produces is inState.When Eve selects one of two groups of bases to measure, then survey
Result after amount is sent to Bob.If Eve is to have selected correct substrate, that is,, she can correctly record residing for photon
State and do not cause interference.But if Eve have selected the substrate of mistake, that is,Quantum state can randomly collapse forOr.I.e. the action of Eve has disturbed the state of photon.When Bob baseDuring to photon survey, then have 1/2
Probability obtain, 1/2 probability obtains.If the latter occurs, will find when it detects and mistake occurs.Right
Alice and Bob selects those effective particles of same substrate, and the as above eavesdropping of Eve can introduce mistake with 1/4 probability, inevitable
Can be found.
The safety of agreement includes the classified information that listener-in Eve cannot get Alice, and Bob is only in all monitoring sides
The classified information of Alice just can be obtained in the case of agreement.
If being attacked using additional particles.According to Stinespring dilation theorem, the eavesdropping of Eve is equivalent to
Eve spatially executes unitary operations in a big Hilbert of quantum signal and aid system composition.Assume that Eve's is auxiliary
The state is helped to be, then
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
The unitary operations of Eve can be written as
(15)
Due toIt is unitary operations, plural number,,WithIt must is fulfilled for, thus can obtainWith
And, then the error rate that the eavesdropping of Eve causes.It is true that the safety of this agreement is equal to
Safety in BB84 agreement.In eavesdropping detection, its eavesdropping can be found by communicating pair and stop broadcasting to user.
Shown in Figure 2, Alice want 1 data 1 of broadcast message to、With, whereinWithLimit receive user for authorizing, only obtain two controlling partiesWithAuthorization message could obtain
Realistic broadcasting data,For unrestricted receive user.
As shown in figure 3, Alice first prepares two parts tangles GHZ channel, shape is such asWith, extract particle combinations and become measurement particle sequence
RowData particle.Alice introduces two original statesAuxiliary particle controlWith, double carry out Hadamard conversion and CNOT operation, wherein CNOT conversion in, simply with b1,b2As target
Position, completes the renewal of particle of data, obtains new particle of data sequence, prepare some (4) random place
InMiddle detection particle, forms detection sequence,Radom insertion arrivesIn, it is prepared into
To new hybrid grain sequence, eachIn contain 4 detection particles and 2 particle of data.
Alice scrambled sequence and controls particle sequence to be sent respectively to corresponding data receiver user Bobi(i=1,2,3）And control
SideWith.At the beginning of broadcast starts, Alice and each receive user carry out safety monitoring, without invasion
Person, then carry out data broadcasting.
Alice andParticle all in opponentWith, carry out Bell ground state survey
Amount.If Alice real information to be sent is consistent with its measurement result, announcing check information is 0, otherwise then announces verification
Information is 1.Unrestricted receive userItself Bell ground state measurement result and check bit information, both are added can be directly
It is calculated real broadcast data.Mandate limits receive user must be by itself Bell ground state measurement result, check bit information
It is added with the authorization message three of monitoring side, just can obtain real broadcast data.
In this example, if the result that Alice measurement obtains is 0, inconsistent with information 1 to be broadcasted, then announce check bit
Information is 1.Unrestricted receive userMeasuring the result obtaining must be 0, be added with disclosed check bit information, obtain true
Real broadcast data 1.WithCarry out Authorized operation, it is 00 and 11 that measurement obtains real authorization message（01
With 10）, authorize and limit receive userWithMeasurement result be 0（1）,WithBy three's information itself
The authorization message 00 or 11 of Bell ground state measurement result 0 (1), check bit information 1 and monitoring side（01 or 10）Three is added, ability
Obtain real broadcast data 1.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of the joint-monitoring quantum broadcast communication method of GHZ channel is tangled it is characterised in that including following walking based on part
Suddenly：
（1）The particle of data preparatory stage：Sender Alice prepares two groups of part entangled GHZ states,WithIt is used for broadcast message as channel, Alice retains 2 particles from each GHZ state,、、With
, extract respectively from each GHZ stateWithMate into quantal data particle sequence units；
（2）Monitoring particle prepares the data particle more new stage：Alice introduces original stateControl particle
, select a control particleHadamard is first carried out exchange, and withAs control bit, with monitored data bitAs target position, implement CNOT conversion, complete paired data particle sequence unitsInMore
Newly, more rightExecution Hadamard exchanges, withAs control bit,For target position, implement CNOT conversion, by phase
The control particle answeredIt is distributed toIndividual monitoring side, preliminary constitution and implementation combines prison
The quantum broadcast communication channel of control pattern；Wherein,It is the number of monitoring side,It is the number of monitored data bit；
（3）Detection particle prepares and data transfer phase：Alice is every groupSequence prepareskIndividual detection particle composition detection particle
Sequence, each particle is at randomWithOne of ground state, Alice records
Each particle state in which in detection sequence, willRadom insertion detects particle sequence, write down position, formedGroup is new
Particle of data and detection particle scrambled sequence, Alice is by the particle sequence in handssIt is sent respectively to correspondingIndividual wide
Multicast data receive user；
（4）Detection implementation phase：After receive user receives scrambled sequence, safety detection is carried out to this scrambled sequence, extracts it
In detection particle sequence carry out Anti-Sniffer；
（5）Information decoding stage under monitoring mode：Alice and each broadcast message receive user are to corresponding in they each handss
Two particles carry out Bell measurement, obtain measurement result, and measurement result encoded, orderCorresponding to classical grain
Son 0,Corresponding to classical particle 1, it is public that Alice passes through classical channel according to its measurement result and classified information to be sent
One check bit of cloth, each monitoring sideParticle in its hands is utilizedCarry out
Measurement, when measurement result isWhen, authorization message is encoded to 0；When measurement result is, authorization message is encoded to 1；By its authorization messageInform as authorization message and close to corresponding
Method user, if do not authorized, refusal issues authorization message；Broadcast data reception userExtract from hybrid grain sequence
Particle of data sequence, carries out Bell measurement, obtains measurement result, according to check bit information, Bell measurement resultWith
Authorization message, obtain authentic and valid legal broadcast data.
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| CN104618031B (en) * | 2015-02-12 | 2017-06-09 | 四川师范大学 | The method of the bi-direction controlled quantum teleportation of unknown any two particle |
| CN106059680B (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2018-03-20 | 东南大学 | A kind of method of multi-hop transmission two-particle entangled state |
| CN107248888B (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2019-04-30 | 东南大学 | That improves quantum communication network connectivity tangles particle to distribution node dispositions method |
| CN107124275B (en) * | 2017-06-13 | 2021-01-26 | 苏州大学 | Dynamic serial key distribution method based on GHZ state |
| CN107508676A (en) * | 2017-09-25 | 2017-12-22 | 北京邮电大学 | A kind of measuring apparatus unrelated quantum key distribution protocol safety detection method under the conditions of joint rotational noise |
| CN107612689B (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2020-10-13 | 苏州大学 | Quantum state invisible transmission method based on flow distribution transmission in quantum network |
| CN109347631B (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2021-01-05 | 苏州大学 | Probability remote complex coefficient quantum state preparation method based on unknown parameter GHZ channel |
| CN109347567B (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2021-07-20 | 暨南大学 | Entanglement concentration method and system for GHZ maximum entanglement pure state |
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