CN103763114A - Combined quantum broadcast communication monitoring method based on partially entangled GHZ channel - Google Patents

Combined quantum broadcast communication monitoring method based on partially entangled GHZ channel Download PDF

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CN103763114A
CN103763114A CN201410008063.1A CN201410008063A CN103763114A CN 103763114 A CN103763114 A CN 103763114A CN 201410008063 A CN201410008063 A CN 201410008063A CN 103763114 A CN103763114 A CN 103763114A
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particle
sequence
data
alice
measurement result
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CN103763114B (en
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姜敏
邓晶
黄旭
魏玉震
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Suzhou University
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Suzhou University
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Abstract

The invention discloses a combined quantum broadcast communication monitoring method based on a partially entangled GHZ channel. The method includes the steps that a multi-particle partially entangled GHZ state is prepared through a sender on the basis of an information transfer mode, a corresponding number of auxiliary particles are led in according to the number of supervisors to be used as control particles, a part of particles in the GHZ state are selected to be used as monitored particles, CNOT operation is performed on the auxiliary particles and the selected monitored particles, then the particles are sent to the supervisors and receiving users, the sender performs Bell measurement, check bits are published, the supervisors perform single-particle measurement, measuring results are used as authorization information to be released to the corresponding legal authorization limited users, and the authorization limited users obtain real broadcast data of the sender according to Bell measuring results, checking information and the authorization information. According to the method, the effect that the flow directions of the broadcast data are monitored by the supervisors in a combined mode under the authorization mode is achieved, the requirement for the maximum entangled channel and complicated entanglement concentration operation can be avoided, and the method has good practicability and feasibility.

Description

A kind of joint-monitoring quantum broadcast communication method that tangles GHZ channel based on part
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of broadcast communication method of quantum network, be specifically related to a kind of joint-monitoring quantum network communication means that tangles GHZ channel based on part.
Background technology
Quantum information science mainly comprises quantum communications and quantum calculation.Quantum communications are the effective transmission that realize information using quantum state as information unit, except the traditional classical channel of needs, more main also need to set up the quantum entanglement channel between communication parties.Since the experimental program that proposes the long-range biography state of first quantum based on quantum entanglement in 1993, within 1997, realized first in the world the long-range biography state of quantum of tangling channel based on Bell, and then in order to realize remote quantum communications, between transmitting-receiving point, designed the quantum repeater based on tangling exchange.These point-to-point communication behaviors, have fully verified and have built the feasibility that can expand quantum communication network.Quantum communications had become Latest Information technical development research field the most rapidly already, but current progress is mainly concentrated the communication behavior based between points.Wang in 2007 etc. have proposed first quantum broadcast communication protocol, utilize maximum entangled GHZ state to realize the information transmission of one-to-many.In recent years, Man and Yang etc. have proposed the quantum broadcast communication protocol based on authentication more efficiently in succession.But we notice and lack the setting that broadcast data is received to user right in above-mentioned broadcast communication protocol, certain customers should unrestrictedly receive broadcast data, and other users need to just can obtain real broadcast data obtaining monitoring under authorization message.In addition, in quantum communications, in fact the quantum channel that adopts is exactly the quantum entanglement between communication parties, and existing broadcast quantum communications and quantum exchange agreement have all utilized maximum to tangle channel, and for example maximum is tangled Bell channel tangle GHZ channel with maximum
Figure 555721DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
.In fact, due to the Environmental coupling in preparation and transmission, the impact of eliminating coherence and noise, based on existing experimental technique, is often difficult to obtain maximal entangled state, needs to utilize to tangle centralized operation extract approximate maximal entangled state from the part state of tangling.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention of the present invention is to provide a kind of joint-monitoring quantum network communication means that tangles GHZ channel based on part, make certain customers can unrestrictedly receive broadcast data, other users need to just can obtain real broadcast data obtaining monitoring under authorization message.
To achieve the above object of the invention, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of joint-monitoring quantum broadcast communication method that tangles GHZ channel based on part, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) the data particle preparatory stage: sender Alice prepares two groups of part entangled GHZ states,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
with
Figure 348228DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
as channel, be used for broadcast message, Alice retains 2 particles from each GHZ state,
Figure 2014100080631100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
,
Figure 455861DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
with , from each GHZ state, extract respectively with
Figure 246803DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
be matched to quantal data particle sequence units
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
;
(2) monitor particle preparation and more new stage of data particle: Alice introducing initial condition are
Figure 944631DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
auxiliary particle
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
, select an auxiliary particle first carry out Hadamard exchange, and with
Figure 958035DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
as control bit, with monitored data bit
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
as target bit, implement CNOT conversion, complete paired data particle sequence units
Figure 705542DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
in
Figure 698906DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
renewal, more right
Figure 63022DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
carry out Hadamard exchange, with as control bit,
Figure 651316DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
for target bit, implement CNOT conversion, will control accordingly particle
Figure 950667DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
be distributed to
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
individual monitoring side
Figure 615129DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
, the quantum broadcast communication channel of preliminary constitution and implementation joint-monitoring pattern;
(3) detect particle preparation and data transfer phase: Alice and be every group
Figure 155831DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
sequence is prepared several
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
detect particle composition and detect particle sequence
Figure 409089DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
, each particle at random in with
Figure 947518DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
one of ground state, Alice record detects the residing state of each particle in sequence, will
Figure 286227DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
radom insertion detects particle sequence
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
, write down position, form
Figure 319036DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
organize new data particle and detect particle and mix sequence
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
, Alice is by the particle sequence in hand
Figure 483258DEST_PATH_IMAGE025
send to respectively corresponding
Figure 520484DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
individual recipient
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
;
(4) implementation phase of detection: receive and mix after sequence when receiving user, this is mixed sequence and carries out safety detection, and the detection particle sequence of extracting is wherein carried out Anti－Sniffer;
(5) the information decoding stage under monitoring mode: Alice and each broadcast message receive user to they separately in hand corresponding two particles carry out Bell measurement, obtain measurement result, and measurement result encoded, order
Figure 893959DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
corresponding to classical particle 0,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
corresponding to classical particle 1, Alice announces a check digit according to its measurement result and the classified information that will send by classical channel if measurement result is consistent with the classified information that will send, checksum location 0; If contrary, checksum location 1; Each monitoring side
Figure 269893DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
to the particle utilization in its hand measure, when measurement result is
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
time, authorization message is encoded to 0; When measurement result is
Figure 322480DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
, authorization message is encoded to 1;
Figure 8676DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
by its measurement result
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
as authorization message, inform to corresponding validated user, if do not authorized, refusal issue authorization message; Broadcast data receives user from mix particle sequence, extract data particle sequence, carry out Bell measurement, obtain measurement result
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
, according to check digit information
Figure 892898DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
, Bell measurement result
Figure 83708DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
and authorization message
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
, obtain authentic and valid legal broadcast data.
In technique scheme, the concrete computational process of step (5) is: unrestricted user
Figure 370333DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
, the realistic broadcasting message of acquisition is
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
; The authorization limitations could user of authorized information
Figure 301336DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
the realistic broadcasting message obtaining is
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE041
if authorization limitations could user can not obtain any one controlling party authorization message, just can not the real broadcast message of Obtaining Accurate.
Because technique scheme is used, the present invention compared with prior art has following advantages:
1. the present invention is according to the extent of competence of obtaining broadcast data, user is divided into authorization limitations could user and unrestricted user, unrestricted user can directly obtain broadcast data, authorization limitations could user needs the authorization that obtains the side of monitoring to obtain data, has realized the flow direction of multiple monitoring sides joint-monitoring broadcast data under licensing mode.
2. the present invention realizes the information broadcasting under monitoring mode by utilizing the part that produced by environment decoherence to tangle channel, avoids maximum to tangle demand and the complicated centralized operation that tangles of channel.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is workflow diagram of the present invention in embodiment mono-.
Fig. 2 is the distribution map that in embodiment mono-, quantum broadcast communication of the present invention sent, received user and the side of monitoring.
Fig. 3 is quantum logic line map of the present invention in embodiment mono-.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described:
Embodiment mono-: shown in Figure 1, a kind ofly based on part, tangle the joint-monitoring quantum broadcast communication method of GHZ channel, an information sender Alice in the method simultaneously to
Figure 274103DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
individual reception user
Figure 296417DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
broadcast data, wherein individual broadcast reception user
Figure 443681DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
for authorization limitations could user, obtaining of its realistic broadcasting data depends on
Figure 633354DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
individual controlling party
Figure 798756DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
combined authorization information, remaining
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE043
it is unrestricted user that individual broadcast data receives user, and it can obtain real broadcast data without authorized information, and concrete steps are as follows:
(1) the data particle preparatory stage: sender Alice has prepared two groups of part entangled GHZ states,
Figure 787703DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
with
Figure 354951DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
as channel, be used for broadcast message:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE045
（1）
Figure 325312DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
（2）
Wherein with
Figure 40327DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
it is normalization coefficient.Alice all retains 2 particles from each GHZ state,
Figure 37493DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
,
Figure 193668DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
,
Figure 600510DEST_PATH_IMAGE007
with
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE049
, from each GHZ state, extract respectively
Figure 710811DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
with
Figure 697352DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
, be matched to quantal data particle sequence units
Figure 583400DEST_PATH_IMAGE050
.
(2) preparation of control particle and more new stage of data particle: Alice introducing initial condition are
Figure 879252DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
auxiliary particle , select an auxiliary particle
Figure 556495DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
first carry out Hadamard conversion,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE051
become
Figure 844519DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
, by
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE053
become
Figure 858743DEST_PATH_IMAGE054
, and with
Figure 707750DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
as control bit, with monitored data bit as target bit, implement CNOT conversion.In CNOT conversion, control bit is 0, and target bit is constant; Control bit is 1, target bit upset.Thereby, completed data particle sequence units
Figure 5056DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
in
Figure 924602DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
renewal.Next, right
Figure 260905DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
carry out Hadamard conversion, again with
Figure 924099DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
as control bit,
Figure 763879DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
as target bit, implement CNOT conversion, the corresponding particle of controlling be distributed to
Figure 615608DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
individual monitoring side
Figure 82493DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
thereby, obtain implementing the quantum broadcast communication channel of joint-monitoring pattern.In data broadcast process,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE055
individual broadcast data authorization limitations could receives user
Figure 42359DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
the legal of broadcast message obtain, must obtain
Figure 756237DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
individual monitoring side
Figure 405481DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
combined authorization,
Figure 66269DEST_PATH_IMAGE056
individual unrestricted reception user
Figure 224849DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
the mandate that need not obtain the side of monitoring can directly obtain all real broadcast data.
(3) detect particle preparation and data transfer phase: Alice and be every group
Figure 312891DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
sequence, prepares several (k) and detects particle formation detection particle sequence
Figure 392973DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
, each particle randomly in
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE057
with
Figure 467240DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
one of ground state.The residing state of each particle in Alice record monitoring sequence, will
Figure 136119DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
insert randomly each and detect particle sequence
Figure 457379DEST_PATH_IMAGE058
, write down position, form
Figure 821495DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
group is by data particle and detect the molecular sequence that mixes of grain
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE059
.In Alice handle, mix particle sequence
Figure 824086DEST_PATH_IMAGE060
send to respectively corresponding individual recipient
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE061
.
(4) implementation phase of detection: mix after particle sequence when certain reception user Bob receives, first carry out safety detection, extract detection particle sequence wherein , carry out Anti－Sniffer.Detecting in information process, even if Eve can intercept and capture particle from quantum channel, and it is measured, also can not successfully eavesdrop.Due to non-orthogonal states undistinguishable, Eve can not distinguish each particle in
Figure 441777DEST_PATH_IMAGE062
in which state, therefore want to obtain information by eavesdropping, be bound to disturb quantum state and be found.For example, suppose Alice produce certain particle in
Figure 592267DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
state.When Eve selects one in two groups of bases to measure, then the result after measuring is sent to Bob.If Eve has selected correct substrate,
Figure 501317DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
, she can correctly record the residing state of photon and not cause interference.If but Eve has selected wrong substrate, quantum state can collapse randomly for
Figure 502728DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
or
Figure 497229DEST_PATH_IMAGE064
.It is the state that photon has been disturbed in the action of Eve.Therefore when Bob base during to particle measurement, there is 1/2 probability to obtain
Figure 683808DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
, 1/2 probability obtains
Figure 2925DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
.If the latter occurs, when it detects, will find and occur mistake.Therefore, Bob and Alice select those effective particles of same substrate, and the as above eavesdropping of Eve can be introduced mistake with 1/4 probability, will inevitably be found and stop broadcasting to Bob.In addition, if adopt additional particles to attack.According to Stinespring dilation theorem, the eavesdropping of Eve is equivalent to Eve and carries out unitary operation on a large Hilbert space of quantum signal and auxiliary system composition
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE065
, the error rate that the eavesdropping of Eve causes, also can be detected.If find eavesdropping, interrupt communication.
(5) the information decoding stage under monitoring mode: Alice and each broadcast message receive user
Figure 94509DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
to they separately in hand corresponding two particles carry out Bell measurement, obtain measurement result.Measurement result is encoded as follows:
Figure 242593DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
corresponding to classical particle 0,
Figure 657394DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
corresponding to classical particle 1.Then Alice announces a check digit according to its measurement result and the classified information that will send by classical channel
Figure 209729DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
.The generation rule of check digit is: if measurement result is consistent with the classified information that will send, and checksum location 0; If contrary, checksum location 1.Each monitoring side
Figure 913243DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
to the particle utilization in its hand
Figure 943647DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
measure, when measurement result is
Figure 229266DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
time, authorization message is encoded to 0; When measurement result is
Figure 77136DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
, authorization message is encoded to 1.
Figure 267946DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
by its measurement result
Figure 102041DEST_PATH_IMAGE033
as authorization message, inform to corresponding validated user.If do not authorized, refusal issue authorization message.Broadcast data receives user
Figure 694697DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
from mix particle sequence, extract data particle sequence, carry out Bell measurement, obtain measurement result
Figure 41364DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
.According to check digit information , Bell measurement result and authorization message
Figure 290838DEST_PATH_IMAGE037
, obtain authentic and valid legal broadcast data.Specifically be calculated as follows unrestricted user
Figure 355877DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
, obtain real broadcast and be
Figure 68749DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
, the authorization limitations could user of authorized information
Figure 900439DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
the realistic broadcasting message obtaining is
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE067
if, lacking the authorization message of any one controlling party, authorization limitations could user just can not the real broadcast message of Obtaining Accurate.
Specific coding scheme is: part entangled GHZ state is multiparticle Entangled State, without loss of generality, participates in the initial channel of broadcast communication suc as formula shown in (1) and formula (2).In the monitoring preparatory stage, supervisor's number, introducing initial condition is auxiliary particle
Figure 438048DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
.Select an auxiliary particle
Figure 887483DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
carry out Hadamard conversion, initial and auxiliary particle
Figure 757667DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
associating system through conversion obtain
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE069
（3）
With
Figure 430088DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
as control bit, as target bit, implement CNOT conversion, obtain
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE071
（4）
Right again
Figure 900832DEST_PATH_IMAGE072
carry out Hadamard conversion, obtain
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE073
（5）
With
Figure 177093DEST_PATH_IMAGE072
as control bit,
Figure 207366DEST_PATH_IMAGE074
as target bit, again implement CNOT conversion, have
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE075
（6）
The associating system status that now initial channel and all auxiliary particles form is
Figure 173004DEST_PATH_IMAGE076
（7）
When existing m broadcast data to receive under user's situation, whole system tangle exchange shape as:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE077
（8）
Wherein
Figure 228816DEST_PATH_IMAGE078
（9）
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE079
（10）
Alice and all broadcast messages receive user
Figure 438212DEST_PATH_IMAGE027
respectively to their the quantal data particle sequence units in hand separately with
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE081
carry out Bell measurement, obtain separately measurement result.Measurement result is encoded as follows:
Figure 98180DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
corresponding to classical information 0,
Figure 347896DEST_PATH_IMAGE029
corresponding to classical information 1.Alice, according to its measurement result, announces check digit information.The generation rule of check digit information is: if measurement result is consistent with the message that will broadcast, check digit is 0; If contrary, check digit is 1.
Each monitoring side
Figure 942957DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
to the particle utilization in its hand measure, when measurement result is
Figure 198806DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
time, authorization message is encoded to 0; When measurement result is
Figure 65262DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
, authorization message is encoded to 1.
Figure 170621DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
by its measurement result
Figure 651281DEST_PATH_IMAGE082
as authorization message, inform to legal authorization limitations could user.If do not authorized, refusal gives authorization message.Broadcast data receives user
Figure 553509DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
from mix particle sequence, extract data particle, then it is carried out to Bell measurement, obtain measurement result
Figure 676186DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
, according to check digit information A, Bell measurement result
Figure 432789DEST_PATH_IMAGE035
and authorization message
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE083
, obtain authentic and valid legal broadcast data.Specifically be calculated as follows the unrestricted user who is not monitored
Figure 688278DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
, the broadcast of acquisition is
Figure 999173DEST_PATH_IMAGE039
; The authorization limitations could user of authorized information
Figure 4170DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
the realistic broadcasting message obtaining is
Figure 366012DEST_PATH_IMAGE084
.If receive user at broadcast data, there is disabled user
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE085
, because it can not obtain whole authorization messages or lack the wherein authorization message of any one monitoring side's issue, all can not obtain true and reliable broadcast data.
The present invention has good fail safe: first to eavesdrop the error rate of being introduced to detecting particle intercepting and capturing-multi-sending attack for example explanation Eve.Detecting in information process, even if Eve can intercept and capture particle from quantum channel, and it is measured, also can not successfully eavesdrop.Due to non-orthogonal states undistinguishable, Eve can not distinguish each particle in
Figure 329420DEST_PATH_IMAGE062
in which state, therefore want to obtain information by eavesdropping, be bound to disturb quantum state and be found.For example, suppose Alice produce certain particle in state.When Eve selects one in two groups of bases to measure, then the result after measuring is sent to Bob.If Eve has selected correct substrate, , she can correctly record the residing state of photon and not cause interference.If but Eve has selected wrong substrate,
Figure 136336DEST_PATH_IMAGE063
quantum state can collapse randomly for or
Figure 149608DEST_PATH_IMAGE064
.It is the state that photon has been disturbed in the action of Eve.When Bob base
Figure 761986DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
during to photon survey, there is 1/2 probability to obtain
Figure 98421DEST_PATH_IMAGE031
, 1/2 probability obtains
Figure 528265DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
.If the latter occurs, when it detects, will find and occur mistake.To those effective particles of Alice and Bob selection same substrate, the as above eavesdropping of Eve can be introduced mistake with 1/4 probability, will inevitably be found.
The safety of agreement comprises that listener-in Eve can not get the classified information of Alice, and Bob only just can obtain the classified information of Alice under the situation of all monitoring sides agreement.
If adopting additional particles attacks.According to Stinespring dilation theorem, the eavesdropping of Eve is equivalent to Eve and carries out unitary operation on a large Hilbert space of quantum signal and auxiliary system composition
Figure 379678DEST_PATH_IMAGE065
.The auxiliary state of supposing Eve is
Figure 982697DEST_PATH_IMAGE086
,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE087
(11)
Figure 626168DEST_PATH_IMAGE088
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE089
(12)
Figure 96421DEST_PATH_IMAGE090
(13)
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE091
(14)
The unitary operation of Eve can be written as
(15)
Due to
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE093
unitary operation, plural number
Figure 592572DEST_PATH_IMAGE094
,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE095
,
Figure 762654DEST_PATH_IMAGE096
with
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE097
must meet , can obtain thus
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE099
and
Figure 625885DEST_PATH_IMAGE100
, the error rate that the eavesdropping of Eve causes so
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE101
.In fact, the fail safe of this agreement is equal to the fail safe of BB84 agreement.In eavesdropping detects, its eavesdropping meeting is found by communicating pair and is stopped broadcasting to user.
Shown in Figure 2, Alice want broadcast message 1 bit data 1 to
Figure 931226DEST_PATH_IMAGE102
, with
Figure 159076DEST_PATH_IMAGE104
, wherein
Figure 836045DEST_PATH_IMAGE102
with
Figure 336297DEST_PATH_IMAGE103
for authorization limitations could receives user, only obtain two controlling parties
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE105
with
Figure 915437DEST_PATH_IMAGE106
authorization message just can obtain realistic broadcasting data,
Figure 388007DEST_PATH_IMAGE104
for unrestricted reception user.
As shown in Figure 3, first Alice prepare two parts tangle GHZ channel, shape as with
Figure 111244DEST_PATH_IMAGE108
, extract particle and be combined into measurement particle sequence
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE109
with data particle
Figure 115103DEST_PATH_IMAGE110
.Alice introduces two initial conditions auxiliary particle control with
Figure 604170DEST_PATH_IMAGE112
, doublely carry out Hadamard conversion and CNOT operation,, in CNOT conversion, be wherein with b 1, b 2as target bit, completed the renewal of data particles, obtain new data particle sequence
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE113
, prepare some (4) at random in
Figure 498308DEST_PATH_IMAGE114
middle detection particle, forms and detects sequence
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE115
,
Figure 520622DEST_PATH_IMAGE116
radom insertion arrives
Figure 361670DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
in, prepare the new particle sequence that mixes
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE117
, each in comprised 4 and detected particles and 2 data particles.Alice sends to respectively corresponding data receiver user Bob mixing sequence and controlling particle sequence i(i=1,2,3) and controlling party with
Figure 101590DEST_PATH_IMAGE106
.At the beginning of broadcast starts, Alice and each reception user carry out safety monitoring, if there is no invader, carry out data broadcast.
Alice and
Figure 271628DEST_PATH_IMAGE118
all particles in opponent
Figure 809182DEST_PATH_IMAGE109
with
Figure 700915DEST_PATH_IMAGE110
, carry out the measurement of Bell ground state.If the real information that Alice will send is consistent with its measurement result, announcing check information is 0, otherwise announces that check information is 1.Unrestricted reception user
Figure 432241DEST_PATH_IMAGE104
self Bell ground state measurement result and check digit information, both additions can directly calculate real broadcast data.Authorization limitations could receives user and the authorization message three of self Bell ground state measurement result, check digit information and the side of monitoring must be added, and just can obtain real broadcast data.
In this example, if the result that Alice measures is 0, inconsistent with the information 1 that will broadcast, announcing check digit information is 1.Unrestricted reception user
Figure 802043DEST_PATH_IMAGE104
the result measuring must be 0, is added with disclosed check digit information, obtains real broadcast data 1. with
Figure 833901DEST_PATH_IMAGE106
carry out Authorized operation, measure real authorization message and be 00 with 11(01 and 10), authorization limitations could reception user with
Figure 22754DEST_PATH_IMAGE104
measurement result be 0(1),
Figure 299014DEST_PATH_IMAGE103
with by authorization message 00 or the 11(01 or 10 of three's information self Bell ground state measurement result 0 (1), check digit information 1 and the side of monitoring) three's addition, just can obtain real broadcast data 1.

Claims (1)

1. a joint-monitoring quantum broadcast communication method that tangles GHZ channel based on part, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) the data particle preparatory stage: sender Alice prepares two groups of part entangled GHZ states,
Figure 2014100080631100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
with
Figure 2014100080631100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
as channel, be used for broadcast message, Alice retains 2 particles from each GHZ state, ,
Figure 2014100080631100001DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
with , from each GHZ state, extract respectively
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE014
with
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
be matched to quantal data particle sequence units
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
;
(2) monitor particle preparation and more new stage of data particle: Alice introducing initial condition are
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
auxiliary particle
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
, select an auxiliary particle
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
first carry out Hadamard exchange, and with
Figure 691555DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
as control bit, with monitored data bit
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
as target bit, implement CNOT conversion, complete paired data particle sequence units
Figure 733329DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
in
Figure 70989DEST_PATH_IMAGE026
renewal, more right
Figure 466198DEST_PATH_IMAGE024
carry out Hadamard exchange, with as control bit,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE028
for target bit, implement CNOT conversion, will control accordingly particle
Figure 853765DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
be distributed to
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE030
individual monitoring side
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
, the quantum broadcast communication channel of preliminary constitution and implementation joint-monitoring pattern;
(3) detect particle preparation and data transfer phase: Alice and be every group
Figure 307749DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
sequence is prepared several
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE034
detect particle composition and detect particle sequence
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE036
, each particle at random in
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE038
with one of ground state, Alice record detects the residing state of each particle in sequence, will
Figure 821164DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
radom insertion detects particle sequence
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE042
, write down position, form
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE044
organize new data particle and detect particle and mix sequence
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
, Alice is by the particle sequence in hand
Figure 258353DEST_PATH_IMAGE046
send to respectively corresponding
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE048
individual recipient ;
(4) implementation phase of detection: receive and mix after sequence when receiving user, this is mixed sequence and carries out safety detection, and the detection particle sequence of extracting is wherein carried out Anti－Sniffer;
(5) the information decoding stage under monitoring mode: Alice and each broadcast message receive user to they separately in hand corresponding two particles carry out Bell measurement, obtain measurement result, and measurement result encoded, order
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE052
corresponding to classical particle 0,
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE054
corresponding to classical particle 1, Alice announces a check digit according to its measurement result and the classified information that will send by classical channel
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE056
, each monitoring side
Figure 127083DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
to the particle utilization in its hand
Figure 943729DEST_PATH_IMAGE040
measure, when measurement result is
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE058
time, authorization message is encoded to 0; When measurement result is
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE060
, authorization message is encoded to 1;
Figure 431473DEST_PATH_IMAGE032
by its measurement result
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE062
as authorization message, inform to corresponding validated user, if do not authorized, refusal issue authorization message; Broadcast data receives user from mix particle sequence, extract data particle sequence, carry out Bell measurement, obtain measurement result
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE066
, according to check digit information
Figure 705591DEST_PATH_IMAGE056
, Bell measurement result
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE068
and authorization message
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE070
, obtain authentic and valid legal broadcast data.
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