CN103187607A - Directional coupler based on metamaterial - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of radio frequency and microwave signal transmission, and provides a directional coupler based on a metamaterial. The directional coupler comprises an input end, an output end, a coupling end, a coupling module and a matching module, wherein the input end is connected with one end of the matching module; the coupling module is connected with the output end and the coupling end respectively; and the other end of the matching module is connected with the coupling module. The directional coupler based on the metamaterial adopts a metamaterial technology, and has the characteristics of high directionality, good coupling flatness, high bearing power, multidirectional coupling, small size, and convenience in mounting and use by changing refractive index distribution in the metamaterial.

Description

Directional coupler based on super material

Technical field

The present invention relates to radio frequency and microwave signal transmission technique field, more particularly, relate to a kind of directional coupler based on super material.

Background technology

Directional coupler is a kind of general microwave or millimeter wave component, can be used for isolation, separation and the mixing of signal, as monitoring, source power output fixed ampllitude, signal source isolation, the transmission of power and the sweep check of reflecting etc.High performance directional coupler want cube little, to loss flatness and the directivity little, coupled signal of transmission signal to get well, the degree of coupling and standing-wave ratio also want relatively good and enough power capacities will be arranged.

Existing directional coupler mostly is microstrip coupler greatly, because microstrip directional coupler is by the narrow limit coupling of major-minor microstrip line, it is very weak to be coupled, and coupled section length hour can't realize stronger coupling.The length of strap line be generally the operating frequency wavelength 10%～25% between.In HF and VHF frequency range, the directional coupler operation wavelength is the rice magnitude, calculates according to 10% wavelength, and coupled section length is also in the decimetre magnitude, thereby the size lossy of directional coupler is big.Especially when the degree of coupling requirement of directional coupler is more weak (as 40dB), the directivity of microstrip directional coupler is difficult to reach instructions for use.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to overcome the degree of coupling of coupler in the prior art depend on length, the directivity of coupled section bad, insert defectives such as loss is big, a kind of directional coupler based on super material is provided, described coupler have directivity height, good, the load power of coupling flatness big, can also realize that multidirectional coupling and volume urinate in the characteristics of installing and using.

In order to achieve the above object, the following technical scheme of the present invention's employing:

A kind of directional coupler based on super material, described directional coupler comprises input (10), output (30) and coupled end (20), described directional coupler also comprises a coupling module (40) and a matching module (50), wherein, described input (10) links to each other with an end of described matching module (50); Described coupling module (40) is connected with coupled end (20) with output (30) respectively; The other end of described matching module (50) links to each other with described coupling module (40), peripheral electromagnetic wave signal enters described coupling module (40) again after described input (10) input enters described matching module (50), part electromagnetic wave signal is directly from described output (30) output, and another part electromagnetic wave signal is coupled to the output of described coupled end (20) back by described coupling module (40).

Further, described matching module (50) comprises a plurality of super material graded beddings (501), described each super material graded bedding (501) include sheet substrate layer (511), sheet packed layer (531) and be arranged on described substrate layer (511) and packed layer (531) between air layer (521), the medium of filling in the described packed layer (531) comprise air and with the medium of described substrate layer (511) same material.

Further, described coupling module (40) is piled up by a plurality of super material panels (401) with identical refraction index profile and forms, described each super material panel (401) is made up of a plurality of super sheet of material (411), described each super sheet of material (411) is made up of a plurality of super material cell (60), and described super material cell (60) comprises unit base material (601) and artificial micro-structural (602).

Further, the refraction index profile situation of each the super sheet of material (411) in described each super material panel (401) is: in a plurality of super sheet of material (411) that is stacked, the refractive index of the super sheet of material (411) of bottom is minimum, and along with the height that piles up increases gradually, the refractive index of super sheet of material (411) also increases gradually.

Further, the distribution situation of the size of the artificial micro-structural (602) of each the super sheet of material (411) in described each super material panel (401) is: in a plurality of super sheet of material (411) that is stacked, the size of the artificial micro-structural (602) of the super sheet of material (411) of bottom is minimum, and along with the height that piles up increases gradually, the size of the artificial micro-structural (602) in the super sheet of material (411) also increases gradually.

Further, the refractive index of described a plurality of super material panels (401) is along with the distribution situation of the variation of ordinate y is: set up coordinate system with a plurality of super material panel (401) that is stacked, and lowermost layer coordinate y=0,

$n\left(y\right)=n_{\min }+\frac{n_{\max }-n_{\min }}{p}[y-(a-1)*p];$

Wherein, n _MinThe refractive index value of representing each super sheet of material of the interior bottom of super material panel (401) (411); n _MaxThe refractive index value of representing each super sheet of material of the interior the superiors of super material panel (401) (411); P represents the height of each super material panel (401); A represents the number of plies of super material panel (401), along with the number of plies of super material panel (401) increases, a gets 1,2,3,4 successively ... wherein, a=1 represents the super material panel of the bottom (401); Refractive index when n (y) expression ordinate is y.

Further, the refractive index in the super material graded bedding of each of described matching module (50) (501) is equally distributed, and Changing Pattern such as the following formula of refraction index profile between a plurality of graded bedding:

$n_i={\left(\frac{n_{\max }+n_{\min }}{2}\right)}^{\frac{i}{m}},i=\mathrm{1,2,3},...,m,$

N wherein _iThe refractive index value of representing i layer graded bedding, m represents the number of plies of graded bedding, n _MinRepresent the minimum refractive index value in the described coupling module (40), n _MaxRepresent the largest refractive index value in the described coupling module (40), wherein m layer graded bedding and coupling module (40) are close, and along with diminishing gradually away from coupling module (40) of m value, the ground floor graded bedding links to each other with described input (10).

Further, described artificial micro-structural (602) is for to form planar structure or the stereochemical structure that electromagnetic field is had response by at least one one metal wire, and described wire is copper wire or filamentary silver.

Further, described wire is attached on the described unit base material (501) by etching, plating, brill quarter, photoetching, electronics is carved or ion is carved method, and described unit base material (501) is made by ceramic material, epoxy resin, polytetrafluoroethylene, FR-4 composite material or F4B composite material.

Further, described artificial micro-structural (502) for flakes or alabastrine derive shape any one.

The present invention has following beneficial effect with respect to prior art:

1, by regulating the refraction index profile situation of the inner super material of coupling module, regulate effectively directional coupler the degree of coupling, improve its directivity.

2, signal to be transmitted is by behind the coupling module of the present invention, because the physical parameter of the super material internal of coupling module, be that dielectric constant and magnetic permeability can be regulated arbitrarily according to concrete needs, carry out separated transmission thereby make signal to be transmitted that a part of signal is coupled to coupled end accurately.

3, the length of coupling module can be regulated according to actual needs, no longer is subjected to the restriction of electromagnetic wavelength, makes the volume of coupler reduce, and saves cost.

4, the directional coupler that the present invention is based on super material multiple signals that can be coupled are simultaneously realized the function of the multidirectional directional coupler of multichannel.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of directional coupler based on super material of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is that a plurality of super material panel of the present invention piles up schematic diagram;

Fig. 3 is the refraction index profile schematic diagram of a plurality of super material panels of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the structural representation of a super material panel of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the structural representation of super material cell of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is that super material graded bedding of the present invention piles up schematic diagram;

Fig. 7 is super material graded bedding structural representation of the present invention;

Fig. 8 is embodiment of the invention schematic diagram;

Fig. 9 is embodiment of the invention schematic diagram.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.

Super material is a kind ofly to be elementary cell and to carry out spatial arrangement, have the new material of special electromagnetic response with ad hoc fashion with artificial micro-structural, comprises the artificial micro-structural that the cycle arranges and the unit base material that adheres to for artificial micro-structural.Artificial micro-structural is for to form planar structure or the stereochemical structure that electromagnetic wave is had response by at least one one metal wire, each artificial micro-structural with and the accompanying shared part of unit base material be a super material cell.The unit base material can be the different material of any and artificial micro-structural, and the stack of these two kinds of materials makes each super material cell produce an effective dielectric constant and magnetic permeability, these two physical parameters are corresponding respectively electric field response and the magnetic responsiveness of super material cell.Super material is determined by artificial features of microstructures the feature of electromagnetic response, and the electromagnetic response of artificial micro-structural depends on topological characteristic and its physical dimension that its pattern wiry has to a great extent.Topological graph and physical dimension according to each artificial micro-structural of arranging in the super material space of above-mentioned principle design just can arrange the electromagnetic parameter of every bit in the super material.

Embodiment 1

As shown in Figure 1, a kind of directional coupler based on super material, described directional coupler comprise input 10, output 30, coupled end 20, matching module 50 and a coupling module 40, and wherein, described input 10 links to each other with an end of described matching module 50; Described coupling module 40 is connected with coupled end 20 with output 30 respectively; The other end of described matching module 50 links to each other with described coupling module 40, peripheral electromagnetic wave signal enters described coupling module 40 again after described input 10 inputs enter described matching module 50, part electromagnetic wave signal is directly from described output 30 outputs, and another part electromagnetic wave signal is coupled to described coupled end 20 back outputs by described coupling module 40.

As shown in Figure 2, described coupling module 40 comprises a plurality of super material panels 401, and these a plurality of super material panels 401 are identical, has identical refraction index profile rule, namely after electromagnetic wave signal passes through coupling module 40, identical deviation direction can take place, and reaches the orientating function of directional coupler.

As shown in Figure 4, described each super material panel 401 comprises a plurality of super sheet of material 411, each super sheet of material 411 comprises a plurality of super material cell 60, but the refraction index profile rule of these a plurality of super sheet of material 411 is different, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, in a plurality of super sheet of material 411 in each super material panel 401, the refractive index maximum of the super sheet of material of the superiors wherein, down refractive index reduces gradually then, namely after electromagnetic wave signal passed through this super material panel 401, electromagnetic wave signal can be towards the bigger direction transmission of refractive index.

For example: suppose that a frequency is that the electromagnetic wave signal of 15GHz (wavelength is 2cm) is by one surpassing material panel 401, described super material panel 401 comprises 4 layers of super sheet of material 411, wherein the thickness of each super sheet of material is 1.3mm, and the variations in refractive index of 4 layers of super sheet of material 411 is for to change to 1.2 from 5.2.Our angle that can obtain 401 pairs of electromagnetic wave signal deviations of this super material panel is arcsin[(5.2-1.2 like this)/1.3*4], about 31 degree are so this directional coupler can carry out coupled transfer towards 31 degree directions to the electromagnetic wave signal of 15GHz.

Why the super material directional coupler of the present invention can the directional transmissions electromagnetic wave signal be by changing the refraction index profile rule of super material panel inside, in the present embodiment, shown in Fig. 2 and 3, the refractive index n of the super sheet of material 411 of the superiors in it of the refraction index profile in each super material panel 401 _MaxBe reduced to the refractive index n of the super sheet of material 411 of the bottom gradually _Min, wherein Fig. 2 and 3 has provided described coupling module 40 and has comprised 3 super material panels 401, and each super material panel 401 comprises 5 super sheet of material 411, but in the specific implementation process and be confined to this, can set up on their own according to actual needs.

As shown in Figure 5, described super material cell 60 comprises metal micro structure 602 and the unit base material 601 that adheres to for metal micro structure 602, by to the topological pattern of artificial micro-structural 602, physical dimension with and the design that distributes at unit base material 601, the refraction index profile rule of each super material panel 401 is satisfied as shown in Figure 3, provide n _Max～n _MinVariations in refractive index figure, but should know that variations in refractive index of the present invention is not as limit.Purpose of design of the present invention is: when making electromagnetic wave through each super material panel 401, electromagnetic wave deviation angle is changed gradually.By formula S in θ=q Δ n, wherein θ is that the electromagnetic angle of required deviation, Δ n are front and back variations in refractive index differences, and q can determine the desired parameters value and reach purpose of design of the present invention for the thickness of super material function layer and by Computer Simulation.

For the super sheet of material 411 that makes super material panel 401 realizes change of refractive shown in Figure 3, through theoretical and actual proof, can to the topological structure of described artificial micro-structural 602, physical dimension with and the design that distributes at unit base material 601, unit base material 601 adopts dielectric insulation material to make, can be ceramic material, macromolecular material, ferroelectric material, ferrite material, ferromagnetic material etc., macromolecular material for example can be, epoxy resin or polytetrafluoroethylene.Artificial micro-structural 602 is for to be attached to the metal wire that response can be arranged electromagnetic wave on the unit base material 601 with certain geometry, metal wire can be that section is the copper cash of cylindric or flat, silver line etc., the general copper that adopts, because copper wire is relatively cheap, certainly the section of metal wire also can be other shapes, metal wire is by etching, electroplate, bore and carve, photoetching, electronics carve or ion quarter etc. technology be attached on the substrate, each super material cell 60 all has an artificial micro-structural, each super material cell all can produce response to the electromagnetic wave that passes through wherein, thereby influence electromagnetic wave transmission therein, the size of each super material cell depends on the electromagnetic wave of needs response, be generally required response electromagnetic wavelength 1/10th, can not be regarded as in the space continuously otherwise comprise being arranged in that the super material cell 60 of artificial micro-structural 602 forms in the space.

Under the selected situation of unit base material 601, the shape by adjusting artificial micro-structural 602, size and can adjust on the super material everywhere effective dielectric constant and equivalent permeability and then the super material of change equivalent refractive index everywhere in the spatial distribution on the unit base material 601.When artificial micro-structural 602 adopted identical geometry, the size of the artificial micro-structural in somewhere was more big, and then the effective dielectric constant that should locate is more big, and refractive index is also more big.

The pattern of the artificial micro-structural 602 that present embodiment adopts is the I-shaped pattern of deriving, the pattern of artificial micro-structural 602 can be two dimension, also can be three-dimensional structure, " worker " font that is not limited to use among this embodiment, can be the derived structure of " worker " font, can be each the orthogonal flakes in bar limit and alabastrine derived structure in three dimensions, it also can be other geometry, wherein different artificial micro-structurals 602 can be that pattern is identical, but its design size difference; Also can be that pattern and design size are all inequality.

The refractive index of a plurality of super material panels 401 described in the present embodiment is along with the distribution situation of the variation of ordinate y is: set up coordinate system with a plurality of super material panel 401 that is stacked as shown in Figure 2, and lowermost layer coordinate y=0,

$n\left(y\right)=n_{\min }+\frac{n_{\max }-n_{\min }}{p}[y-(a-1)*p];$

Wherein, n _MinThe refractive index value of representing the super sheet of material 411 of the bottom in each super material panel 401; n _MaxThe refractive index value of representing the super sheet of material 411 of the superiors in each super material panel 401; P represents the height of each super material panel 401; A represents the number of plies of super material panel 401, along with the number of plies of super material panel 401 increases, a gets 1,2,3,4 successively ... wherein, a=1 represents the super material panel 401 of the bottom; Refractive index when n (y) expression ordinate is y.

Shown in Fig. 6 and 7, described matching module 50 comprises a plurality of super material graded beddings 501, described each super material graded bedding 501 include sheet substrate layer 511, sheet packed layer 531 and be arranged on air layer 521 between described substrate layer 511 and the packed layer 531, the media of filling in the described packed layer 531 comprise air and with the medium of described substrate layer 511 same materials.Refractive index in the super material graded bedding of each of described matching module 50 501 is equally distributed, and Changing Pattern such as the following formula of refraction index profile between a plurality of graded bedding:

$n_i={\left(\frac{n_{\max }+n_{\min }}{2}\right)}^{\frac{i}{m}},i=\mathrm{1,2,3},...,m,$

N wherein _iThe refractive index value of representing i layer graded bedding, m represents the number of plies of graded bedding, n _MinRepresent the minimum refractive index value in the described coupling module 40, n _MaxRepresent the largest refractive index value in the described coupling module 40, wherein m layer graded bedding and coupling module 40 are close, and along with diminishing gradually away from coupling module 40 of m value, the ground floor graded bedding links to each other with described input 10.

Embodiment 2

As shown in Figure 8, a kind of super material directional coupler comprises input 10 ', coupling module 40 ', first coupled end 201, second coupled end 202 and the output 30 '.After electromagnetic wave signal entered coupling module 40 ' from input 10 ', a part of electromagnetic wave was directly from described output 30 ' transmission, and some electromagnetic wave signal enters described first coupled end 201 and second coupled end 202 after being coupled by coupling module 40 '.Present embodiment and embodiment 1 difference is that mainly coupling module 40 ' is that super material panel by two identical refraction index profile connects together relatively, as shown in Figure 9, makes electromagnetic wave have towards both direction and is coupled.The super material panel of described relative connection also can be that refractive index is inequality, and this is decided according to practical application.

Above-described embodiment is preferred implementation of the present invention; but embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments; other any do not run counter to change, the modification done under spiritual essence of the present invention and the principle, substitutes, combination, simplify; all should be the substitute mode of equivalence, be included within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. directional coupler based on super material, described directional coupler comprises input (10), output (30) and coupled end (20), it is characterized in that, described directional coupler also comprises a coupling module (40) and a matching module (50), wherein, described input (10) links to each other with an end of described matching module (50); Described coupling module (40) is connected with coupled end (20) with output (30) respectively; The other end of described matching module (50) links to each other with described coupling module (40), peripheral electromagnetic wave signal enters described coupling module (40) again after described input (10) input enters described matching module (50), part electromagnetic wave signal is directly from described output (30) output, and another part electromagnetic wave signal is coupled to the output of described coupled end (20) back by described coupling module (40).

2. a kind of directional coupler based on super material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described matching module (50) comprises a plurality of super material graded beddings (501), described each super material graded bedding (501) include sheet substrate layer (511), sheet packed layer (531) and be arranged on described substrate layer (511) and packed layer (531) between air layer (521), the medium of filling in the described packed layer (531) comprise air and with the medium of described substrate layer (511) same material.

3. a kind of directional coupler based on super material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described coupling module (40) is piled up by a plurality of super material panels (401) with identical refraction index profile and forms, described each super material panel (401) is made up of a plurality of super sheet of material (411), described each super sheet of material (411) is made up of a plurality of super material cell (60), and described super material cell (60) comprises unit base material (601) and artificial micro-structural (602).

4. a kind of directional coupler based on super material according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, the refraction index profile situation of each the super sheet of material (411) in described each super material panel (401) is: in a plurality of super sheet of material (411) that is stacked, the refractive index of the super sheet of material (411) of bottom is minimum, and along with the height that piles up increases gradually, the refractive index of super sheet of material (411) also increases gradually.

5. a kind of directional coupler based on super material according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, the distribution situation of the size of the artificial micro-structural (602) of each the super sheet of material (411) in described each super material panel (401) is: in a plurality of super sheet of material (411) that is stacked, the size of the artificial micro-structural (602) of the super sheet of material (411) of bottom is minimum, and along with the height that piles up increases gradually, the size of the artificial micro-structural (602) in the super sheet of material (411) also increases gradually.

6. according to any described a kind of directional coupler based on super material of claim 3～5, it is characterized in that, the refractive index of described a plurality of super material panels (401) is along with the distribution situation of the variation of ordinate y is: set up coordinate system with a plurality of super material panel (401) that is stacked, lowermost layer coordinate y=0

$n\left(y\right)=n_{\min }+\frac{n_{\max }-n_{\min }}{p}[y-(a-1)*p];$

Wherein, n _MinThe refractive index value of representing each super sheet of material of the interior bottom of super material panel (401) (411); n _MaxThe refractive index value of representing each super sheet of material of the interior the superiors of super material panel (401) (411); P represents the height of each super material panel (401); A represents the number of plies of super material panel (401), along with the number of plies of super material panel (401) increases, a gets 1,2,3,4 successively ... wherein, a=1 represents the super material panel of the bottom (401); Refractive index when n (y) expression ordinate is y.

7. a kind of directional coupler based on super material according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, refractive index in the super material graded bedding of each of described matching module (50) (501) is equally distributed, and Changing Pattern such as the following formula of refraction index profile between a plurality of graded bedding:

$n_i={\left(\frac{n_{\max }+n_{\min }}{2}\right)}^{\frac{i}{m}},i=\mathrm{1,2,3},...,m,$

N wherein _iThe refractive index value of representing i layer graded bedding, m represents the number of plies of graded bedding, n _MinRepresent the minimum refractive index value in the described coupling module (40), n _MaxRepresent the largest refractive index value in the described coupling module (40), wherein m layer graded bedding and coupling module (40) are close, and along with diminishing gradually away from coupling module (40) of m value, the ground floor graded bedding links to each other with described input (10).

8. a kind of directional coupler based on super material according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described artificial micro-structural (602) is for to form planar structure or the stereochemical structure that electromagnetic field is had response by at least one one metal wire, and described wire is copper wire or filamentary silver.

9. a kind of directional coupler based on super material according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, described wire is attached on the described unit base material (501) by etching, plating, brill quarter, photoetching, electronics is carved or ion is carved method, and described unit base material (501) is made by ceramic material, epoxy resin, polytetrafluoroethylene, FR-4 composite material or F4B composite material.

10. a kind of directional coupler based on super material according to claim 7 is characterized in that, described artificial micro-structural (502) for flakes or alabastrine derive shape any one.

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