A kind of method preparing liner plate low-alloy wear-resistant steel
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of low-alloy wear-resistant steel, be specifically related to a kind of method preparing liner plate low-alloy wear-resistant steel.
Background technology
High-abrasive material is the comparatively special material of a class, and it is used for the occasion that there are wearing and tearing, as in mining machinery, engineering machinery, powder apparatus with the interactional mechanical component of material such as native sand, ore, rock, cement; The agricultural machine such as grain and oil processing, farming harvesting; Many components of machine in water conservancy and steam power plant; The tooth of human body, sole, nib and multiple life product etc.Can say, high-abrasive material is ubiquity in each industrial circles such as metallurgy, building materials, mine, harbour, oil, electric power, coal, chemical industry and military affairs, and everyone life is closely bound up.
The Working environment of high-abrasive material is very complicated, some high-abrasive material needs to work under the bad working environments condition such as heavy duty, impact, burn into dust, steam, dregs, usually for occasions such as mine, machinery, water power, coal, harbour, metallurgy, these environment can cause huge loss and the energy dissipation of high-abrasive material, this part high-abrasive material accounts for the main body that tool high-abrasive material, comprises antifriction cast iron and wearable cast steel two parts.
According to statistics, the wear-resisting workpiece of more than 75% in, use in low stress impact situation, and the performance of low-alloy wear-resistant steel exactly can meet this working condition, and therefore, as high-abrasive material, low-alloy wear-resistant steel causes the extensive attention of China and foreign countries scientific research personnel.Low alloy steel is mainly containing chromium, molybdenum, nickel, manganese, element silicon, add the element crystal grain thinnings such as a small amount of boron, vanadium, rare earth, titanium simultaneously, by adjusting component and thermal treatment process. the rational Match of low alloy steel hardness and toughness can be controlled in a big way, make it meet the needs of different wear working condition.
CN 1033845A discloses a kind of high-tenacity low-carbon microalloyed cast steel, it with carbon, manganese, titanium, niobium etc. for alloying element, its thermal treatment adopts normalizing-tempering or homo genizing annelaing-normalizing-tempering process, this microalloying material has higher toughness and plasticity, but because carbon content is lower, only have 0.06 ~ 0.18 (ω t.%), its yield strength < 650Mpa, tensile strength < 750Mpa, comparatively speaking, hardness and intensity lower, wear resistance is not enough.
CN 1618541A discloses a kind of wear-resisting composite liner material and manufacture method thereof, the carbon content of this material is higher at 0.6 ~ 1.0 (ω t.%), except common Si, Mn, Cr, simultaneously also containing various trace elements such as Ni, Mo, B, Y, K, Na, because K, Na content is less, and be very easily oxidized, therefore smelt comparatively difficulty.
From handbook and related data, the low-alloy wear-resistant steel that some are common can be understood, but these common low-alloy wear-resistant steel application scenarios are more limited, the technical requirements of specific operation can not be met, novel low-alloy wear-resistant steel development, needs the impact taking into full account various element, only in this way, ability is excavated material potentiality fully, obtain the material of excellent combination mechanical property.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide that a kind of hardness is high, toughness is good, hardening capacity is good, wear resistance is strong, the low-alloy wear-resistant steel of high comprehensive performance.
The present invention realizes by following technical measures: a kind of multi-element low-alloy wear-resistant steel, comprises the element of following mass percent: C 0.32-0.38%, Cr 1.5-1.8%, Si 1-1.3%, Mn 1-1.5%, Ni 0.3-0.7%, V0.2-0.4%, Cu 0.2-0.4%, Ti 0.02-0.04%, Y 0.002-0.003%, P≤0.035%, S≤0.035%, surplus is Fe and inevitable impurity, is further elaborated below with regard to the effect of each element in the present invention.
Carbon (C): be most important solution strengthening element, has vital impact to the hardness of steel, toughness, wear resistance; Carbon content is higher, and hardness is higher, but impelling strength is lower, easily rupture when use, carbon content is lower, then toughness is high, and hardness is low, be unfavorable for using under wear-resisting operating mode, consider, carbon content controls at 0.32-0.38%, belongs to medium carbon steel category, both take into account wear resistance, have also contemplated that impelling strength.
Chromium (Cr): be one of fundamental element of high-abrasive material, can solution strengthening matrix, improve the hardening capacity of steel, wear resistance and erosion resistance, chromium can make the perlitic transformation of steel and bainite transformation separate, multiple compounds (Fe, Cr) 3C can be formed with carbon, while improving hardness and intensity, not reduce impact toughness, have higher tempering resistivity, chrome content controls at 1.5-1.8%.
Silicon (Si): be one of common alloying element, after silicon is dissolved in ferrite, there is very strong solution strengthening effect, significantly improve intensity and the hardness of steel simultaneously, improve the elastic limit of steel, yield strength and yield ratio, increase steel belt roof bolt stability, along with the increase of silicone content, the precipitation of carbide is suppressed or delay, and is easy to form bainite structure, and silicon content controls at 1-1.3%.
Manganese (Mn): have desirable influence to the mechanical property of steel, can improve intensity and the hardness of steel, does not reduce plasticity and the toughness of steel simultaneously, ferrite can be dissolved in, thus causing solution strengthening, manganese can reduce the critical transition temperature of steel, thus refine pearlite tissue; Manganese can also close with the sulfuration in molten steel, forms MnS, thus eliminates the harmful effect of S in steel, and be good reductor and sweetening agent, manganese content controls at 1-1.5%.
Nickel (Ni): the hardening capacity that can strengthen steel, improve the impelling strength especially low-temperature flexibility of steel, increase corrosion resistance, but nickel is a kind of noble metal, the increase of nickel element content simultaneously easily causes the harmful elements such as P, Pb, Sn in the segregation of grain boundaries, consider, nickel content controls at 0.3-0.7%.
Vanadium (V): energy crystal grain thinning, improve matrix strength and the impelling strength of steel, carbide VC, V4C3 etc. of vanadium have higher hardness, can significantly improve the wear resisting property of material, meanwhile, vanadium is solid-solution in steel can significantly improve hardening capacity, also has certain precipitation hardening effect, but too high vanadium then strengthening effect is saturated, therefore, vanadiumcontent controls at 0.2-0.4%.
Copper (Cu): the hardening capacity that can increase steel, refinement matrix, the nano level Cu phase particle of Precipitation has stronger precipitation strength effect, copper can improve the corrosion resistance nature (when coexisting with phosphorus, effect is especially remarkable) of electropotential and strongthener, this is particularly important to the wearing piece under wet type abrasive wear working condition, and copper content controls at 0.2-0.4%.
Titanium (Ti): can crystal grain thinning, eliminate micro-flaw, titanium and nitrogen effect, form TiN, in heat-processed, the TiN particle of nano-grade size can suppress growing up of austenite crystal effectively, and titanium content is very few, and refining effect is not obvious, titanium content is too high, can reduce the impelling strength of steel, consider, titaniferous amount controls at 0.02-0.04%.
Yttrium (Y): have very strong solution strengthening effect is a kind of heavy rare earth element, and the impurity atomss such as P, Pb can be suppressed in the segregation of grain boundaries, and yttrium, in the molten steel of high temperature, with oxygen and reaction of Salmon-Saxl, produces spherical Y
2o
2s,Y
2o
3deng rare-earth oxide sulfate, thus the oxygen removed in molten steel and sulphur, therefore there is stronger deoxidization desulfuration ability; In addition, yttrium can also form non-spontaneous nucleating center, thus crystal grain thinning, increase the martensitic ratio of microstructure middle plate strip shape, improve comprehensive mechanical property and the wear resistance of material, but too much yttrium can reduce the plasticity of steel, therefore, in the present invention, the content of yttrium controls at 0.002-0.003%.
Sulphur (S): be the harmful element in steel, the impurity taken to by ore and fuel when making steel in steel, sulphur can only be dissolved in the molten steel of high temperature, almost can not dissolve in solid iron, the grain boundaries in solid steel is present in the form of FeS inclusion, easily causing cracking during hot-work, be called hot-short, its content should be strict controlled in≤level of 0.035%.
Phosphorus (P): have solution strengthening effect, improves intensity and the hardness of steel, but sharply can reduce the impelling strength of steel, especially low-temperature flexibility, phosphorus can gather at grain boundaries, forms serious segregation, cause temper brittleness, therefore, its content should be strict controlled in≤level of 0.035%.
The preparation process of described low-alloy wear-resistant steel is as follows: 1. the steel scrap of preparing burden according to above-mentioned per-cent, electrolytic nickel, carburelant are put into mid-frequency melting furnace and carried out melting, when starting to be energized, with 50% power heating, when electric current is comparatively stablized, with 95% power heating; 2. along with the carrying out of fusion process, when the steel material in stove about has half fused, ferrochrome, ferromanganese and ferrosilicon is added successively; 3., when most of steel material fusing, add the slag former of 1%, skim after furnace charge melts completely, then get molten steel and chemically examine, according to result of laboratory test, molten steel component is suitably adjusted; 4. tapping temperature controls at 1560-1600 DEG C, and the aluminium adding 0.1% in stove carries out deoxidation treatment, while deoxidation, vanadium iron, copper iron is joined in smelting furnace, prepares tapping after 2-3min; 5. titanium, yittrium alloy alterant are placed on the bottom of casting ladle, time molten steel pours casting ladle, carry out Metamorphism treatment, crystal grain thinning; 6. pour into a mould at 1480-1520 DEG C; 7. thermal treatment process is 900-920 DEG C, insulation 2-3h, oil quenchinng after coming out of the stove, tempering temperature 200-240 DEG C, tempering time 2-4h.
Suitable teeming temperature can control the mobility of molten steel, improves cavity filling ability, the casting flaw such as avoid Yin Wendu too low generation Surface Wrinkle in iron, cold shut or foundry goods imperfect, and therefore, teeming temperature controls at 1480-1520 DEG C.
The as cast condition of material is pearlitic structure, it is martensite+bainite structure after thermal treatment, thermal treatment process is 900-920 DEG C, insulation 2-3h, (to vary in size soaking time difference according to workpiece, can calculate according to shove charge coefficient × net thickness × 1.5min/mm), oil quenchinng after coming out of the stove, tempering temperature 200-240 DEG C, tempering time 2-4h (to vary in size tempering time difference according to workpiece, can calculate according to shove charge coefficient × net thickness × 2.0min/mm).
Low-alloy wear-resistant steel of the present invention, except the carbon content with medium carbon steel, due to containing Cr, Mn, Si, V alloy element, therefore its hardness is high, wear resistance is strong; Due to containing Ni, Ti, y alloy element, therefore crystal grain is fine and closely woven, homogeneous microstructure, hardening capacity are good, toughness is good; Due to containing copper, therefore under wet type abrasive wear working condition, have good erosion resistance, comprehensive mechanical property performance is excellent.After Overheating Treatment, metallographic structure is martensite+bainite, and its hardness value is at 51-56HRC, and notched bar impact strength can reach 40-80J/cm
2, tensile strength is 1650-1800MPa.Can be widely used in the liner plate of ball mill, runner milling grinds the multiple occasions such as the end, the liner plate of shot-blasting machine, the scraper plate of sand mill, has good wear resisting property.The present invention is adopted to produce
wet-type ball mill series liner plate, liner plate maximum ga(u)ge 160mm, minimum thickness 120mm, the ball mill of Central Region aluminium manufacturer is tried out, and its wear resistance improves 2.5 times than originally; 400mm × 400mm × 10mm and the 240mm × 240mm × 10mm shot-blasting machine liner plate produced, through trying out at Linzhou City's heavy-duty machine, its replacing construction extended to about 8 months by original 3 months, had significant economic benefit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1: the microstructure of amplifying 200 times under low alloy steel as cast condition.
Fig. 2: quenching state amplifies the microstructure of 400 times.
Fig. 3: the wear shape of high mangaenese steel ZGMn13.
Fig. 4: the wear shape of low-alloy wear-resistant steel.
Embodiment
The present invention relates to a kind of liner plate low-alloy wear-resistant steel, the chemical composition of this low-alloy wear-resistant steel is by mass percentage: C 0.32-0.38%, Cr 1.5-1.8%, Si 1-1.3%, Mn 1-1.5%, Ni 0.3-0.7%, V 0.2-0.4%, Cu 0.2-0.4%, Ti 0.02-0.04%, Y 0.002-0.003%, P≤0.035%, S≤0.035%, surplus is Fe.
In addition, present invention also offers a kind of method preparing above-mentioned liner plate low-alloy wear-resistant steel, the method comprises the steps:
(1) steel scrap of preparing burden according to above-mentioned per-cent, electrolytic nickel, carburelant are put into mid-frequency melting furnace and carried out melting, when starting to be energized, with 50% power heating, when electric current is comparatively stablized, with 95% power heating;
(2) along with the carrying out of fusion process, when the steel material in stove about has half fused, ferrochrome, ferromanganese and ferrosilicon is added successively;
(3) when most of steel material fusing, add the slag former of 1%, skim after furnace charge melts completely, then get molten steel and chemically examine, according to result of laboratory test, molten steel component is suitably adjusted;
(4) tapping temperature controls at 1560-1600 DEG C, and the aluminium adding 0.1% in stove carries out deoxidation treatment, while deoxidation, vanadium iron, copper iron is joined in smelting furnace, prepares tapping after 2-3min;
(5) titanium, yittrium alloy alterant are placed on the bottom of casting ladle, time molten steel pours casting ladle, carry out Metamorphism treatment, crystal grain thinning;
(6) pour into a mould at 1480-1520 DEG C;
(7) thermal treatment process is 900-920 DEG C, insulation 2-3h, oil quenchinng after coming out of the stove, tempering temperature 200-240 DEG C, tempering time 2-4h.
In conjunction with following 3 embodiments, liner plate low-alloy wear-resistant steel of the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
Get C 0.32%, Cr 1.5%, Si 1%, Mn 1%, Ni 0.3%, V 0.2%, Cu 0.2%, Ti 0.02%, Y 0.002%, P 0.035%, S 0.035% according to mass percent, surplus is Fe.Load weighted steel scrap, electrolytic nickel, carburelant are put into medium frequency induction melting furnace; Along with the carrying out of fusion process, add ferrochrome, ferromanganese, ferrosilicon successively; When most of steel material fusing, add the slag former of 1%, skim after furnace charge melts completely, then get molten steel and chemically examine, suitably adjust molten steel component according to result of laboratory test; Tapping temperature controls at 1560 DEG C, and the aluminium adding 0.1% in stove carries out deoxidation, vanadium iron, copper iron is joined in smelting furnace simultaneously, prepares tapping after 2min; Metamorphism treatment is carried out in bottom titanium, yittrium alloy alterant being placed on casting ladle; Teeming temperature 1480 DEG C.Thermal treatment process is 900 DEG C of heating, insulation 2h, oil quenchinng after coming out of the stove, tempering temperature 210 DEG C, tempering time 2h, the as-cast structure of material is pearlitic structure, tissue after thermal treatment is martensite+bainite structure, and its hardness value is 51HRC, and notched bar impact strength can reach 80J/cm
2, tensile strength is 1650MPa.
Embodiment 2
Get C 0.35%, Cr 1.7%, Si 1.2%, Mn 1.2%, Ni 0.5%, V 0.3%, Cu 0.3%, Ti 0.03%, Y 0.003%, P 0.035%, S 0.035% according to mass percent, surplus is Fe.Load weighted steel scrap, electrolytic nickel, carburelant are put into medium frequency induction melting furnace; Along with the carrying out of fusion process, add ferrochrome, ferromanganese, ferrosilicon successively; When most of steel material fusing, add the slag former of 1%, skim after furnace charge melts completely, then get molten steel and chemically examine, suitably adjust molten steel component according to result of laboratory test; Tapping temperature controls at 1580 DEG C, and the aluminium adding 0.1% in stove carries out deoxidation, vanadium iron, copper iron is joined in smelting furnace simultaneously, prepares tapping after 2.5min; Metamorphism treatment is carried out in bottom titanium, yittrium alloy alterant being placed on casting ladle; Teeming temperature 1490 DEG C.Thermal treatment process is 910 DEG C of heating, insulation 2.5h, oil quenchinng after coming out of the stove, tempering temperature 220 DEG C, tempering time 3h, the as-cast structure of material is pearlitic structure, tissue after thermal treatment is martensite+bainite structure, and its hardness value is 53HRC, and notched bar impact strength can reach 55J/cm
2, tensile strength is 1750MPa.
In conjunction with 4 width accompanying drawings, the tissue of the multi-element low-alloy wear-resistant steel of the present embodiment and friction and wear behavior are described in further detail.
Utilize OLYMPUS GX51 metaloscope, observe the as cast condition of multi-element low-alloy wear-resistant steel and the microstructure of quenching state, etching reagent uses the nitric acid alcohol of 4%.Fig. 1 amplifies the microstructure of 200 times under low alloy steel as cast condition, as can be seen from the figure, low alloy steel be organized as perlite and ferritic structure, wherein dark sheet is perlite, and white needles and bulk are ferrite.Fig. 2 is the microstructure that quenching state amplifies 400 times, and clearly, martensitic substrates, is dispersed with the bainite structure of point-like to the feature of quenched martensite.
MMW-1 type screen display frictional wear universal testing machine is utilized to measure the friction and wear behavior of low-alloy wear-resistant steel, contrast material is ZGMn13, under the abrasive conditions of the positive pressure of 150N, rotating speed 300r/min, test duration 1200s, with the wear weight loss of Sartorius electronic balance weighing bi-material, table 1 is weighing result.As can be seen from Table 1, the wear weight loss of low-alloy wear-resistant steel is 0.002g, and the wear weight loss of high mangaenese steel is 0.006g, and low-alloy wear-resistant steel wear weight loss under equal conditions only has 1/3 of high mangaenese steel, and its relative wear resistance is approximately 3 times of high mangaenese steel.
JSM-5610LV type scanning electron microscope is utilized to scan the surface topography after bi-material frictional wear under above-mentioned working condition.Fig. 3 is the wear shape of ZGMn13, and Fig. 4 is the wear shape of low-alloy wear-resistant steel.As can be seen from Figure 3, the worn surface of high mangaenese steel is very dark ditch dug with a plow, and the surface scratch of Fig. 4 low-alloy wear-resistant steel is more shallow, illustrates under same abrasive conditions, and the abrasion resistance of multi-element low-alloy wear-resistant steel is more excellent.
Table 1
Embodiment 3
Get C 0.38%, Cr 1.8%, Si 1.3%, Mn 1.5%, Ni 0.7%, V 0.4%, Cu 0.4%, Ti 0.04%, Y 0.003%, P 0.035%, S 0.035% according to mass percent, surplus is Fe.Load weighted steel scrap, electrolytic nickel, carburelant are put into medium frequency induction melting furnace; Along with the carrying out of fusion process, add ferrochrome, ferromanganese, ferrosilicon successively; When most of steel material fusing, add the slag former of 1.2%, skim after furnace charge melts completely, then get molten steel and chemically examine, suitably adjust molten steel component according to result of laboratory test; Tapping temperature controls at 1600 DEG C, and the aluminium adding 0.1% in stove carries out deoxidation, vanadium iron, copper iron is joined in smelting furnace simultaneously, prepares tapping after 3min; Metamorphism treatment is carried out in bottom titanium, yittrium alloy alterant being placed on casting ladle; Teeming temperature 1500 DEG C.Thermal treatment process is 920 DEG C of heating, insulation 3h, oil quenchinng after coming out of the stove, tempering temperature 240 DEG C, tempering time 4h, the as-cast structure of material is pearlitic structure, tissue after thermal treatment is martensite+bainite structure, and its hardness value is 56HRC, and notched bar impact strength can reach 45J/cm
2, tensile strength is 1780MPa.