CN103107225B - Solar collector sub-assembly - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides the system and method for installing, dispose, test, operate and manage solar collector. The present invention discloses and is used for via evaluating the performance of solar collector and the mechanism of quality near the position (or it) of photovoltaic (PV) battery through modulated laser radiation-emitting. The present invention is disclosed in apart from source two receivers in two distance location of (for example, solar collector or disk). These receivers are used for collecting the light that can compare with standard or other threshold value, thereby diagnose the quality of described collector. Receiver comprises photovoltaic (PV) module for power conversion or the module of gathering in the crops for heat energy. Can various configurations put the PV battery in PV module so that electric current output is maximum. In addition, heat regulation sub-assembly removes heat from described PV battery and other hot-zone, so that thermograde is maintained in predetermine level.

Description

Solar collector sub-assembly

Present patent application be application number be 200980134527.0 name be called " solar collector sub-assembly " application for a patent for invention pointCase application, the applying date of original application is on July 2nd, 2009.

Related application cross reference

The rights and interests of the application's case request to following patent application case: file an application and title is " solar collector on July 3rd, 2008Test (SOLARCONCENTRATORTESTING) " U.S. Provisional Patent Application case the 61/078th, No. 038; In July, 2008Within 3rd, file an application and title for " for the utmost point mounting arrangements (POLARMOUNTINGARRANGEMENTFORASOLAR of solar collectorCONCENTRATOR) U.S. Provisional Application case the 61/078th ", No. 256; On July 3rd, 2008 file an application and title for " tooSun location tracking (SUNPOSITIONTRACKING) " U.S. Provisional Application case the 61/077th, No. 991; On July 3rd, 2008File an application and title is the U.S. Patent application of " placement (PLACEMENTOFASOLARCOLLECTOR) of solar collector "Case the 61/077th, No. 998; File an application and title is the " solar collector (MASS can be mass-produced on July 3rd, 2008PRODUCIBLESOLARCOLLECTOR) U.S. Provisional Patent Application case the 61/078th ", No. 245; Carry on July 3rd, 2008Go out application and title for " to there is thermoregulator solar collector (SOLARCONCENTRATORSWITHTEMPERATUREREGULATION) U.S. Provisional Patent Application case the 61/078th ", No. 029; File an application and title is " light on July 3rd, 2008Bundle pattern and photovoltaic element layout (LIGHTBEAMPATTERNANDPHOTOVOLTAICELEMENTSLAYOUT) " the U.S. interimPatent application case the 61/078th, No. 259; On June 30th, 2009 file an application and title for " position of sun follow the trail of (SUNPOSITIONTRACKING) U.S. patent application case " the 12/495th, No. 303; File an application and title is " solar energy on June 30th, 2009The placement (PLACEMENTOFASOLARCOLLECTOR) of collector " U.S. patent application case the 12/495th, No. 164; 2009File an application on June 30, and title is " solar collector (MASSPRODUCIBLESOLARCOLLECTOR) can be mass-produced "U.S. patent application case the 12/495th, No. 398; On June 30th, 2009 file an application and title for " to there is the thermoregulator sunCan collector (SOLARCONCENTRATORSWITHTEMPERATUREREGULATION) " U.S. patent application case the 12/495th, 136Number; On July 1st, 2009 file an application and title for " for the utmost point mounting arrangements (POLARMOUNTING of solar collectorARRANGEMENTFORASOLARCONCENTRATOR) U.S. patent application case " the 12/496th, No. 034; In July, 2009Within 1st, file an application and U.S. patent application case that title is " solar collector test (SOLARCONCENTRATORTESTING) "The 12/496th, No. 150; And file an application and title is " beam pattern and photovoltaic element layout (LIGHTBEAM on July 1st, 2009PATTERNANDPHOTOVOLTAICELEMENTSLAYOUT) U.S. patent application case " the 12/496th, No. 541. Above-mentioned application caseOverall content incorporated herein by reference.

Technical field

In general the application's case relates to solar collector and more particularly relates to structure, assembles, uses and manage solar collector.

Background technology

Limited fossil energy supply and the global environment that is associated thereof destroy and have forced market forces to make the energy and correlation technique variation. A kind ofThis type of energy that has received great concern is solar energy, and it adopts photovoltaic (PV) technology to convert light to electricity. Conventionally, PV product every two yearsJust double, every average annual growth rate 48% since 2002, thus become fastest-rising energy technologies in the world. By the end of 2008Every year, the estimated value of accumulation global solar production capacity keeps at least 12,400 megawatts. This kind of generate output about 90% by alsoNet electric system composition, wherein installs and can be ground installation or be implemented on the roof or wall of building, is called building integrated photovoltaic systemSystem (BIPV).

In addition, realize Important Techmical Progress in the design of solar panel and in producing, described solar panel is further attended by efficiencyIncrease and the reduction of manufacturing cost. In general, set up the related prime cost element of large solar gathering system for supporting knotThe cost of structure, described supporting construction is used for the solar panel of array to be installed in appropriate position for receiving and conversion solar. ThisOther complexity in class layout relates to the valid function of PV element.

For example often be used as solar cell application, in consumer-oriented product (, desktop meter for the PV element that light is transformed into electric energyCalculate device, wrist-watch etc.) in small-power power. This type systematic is more and more inhaled because of the actual property of its following alternative energy source as fossil fuelInduce one concern. In general, PV element is to adopt p-n junction, Schottky (Schottky) knot or semi-conductive photovoltaic power (lightVolt is pressed) element, wherein silicon semiconductor etc. absorbs light to produce photocarrier, for example electronics and hole, and described photocarrier is because of p-nThe internal electric field that knot is divided and drifting about to outside.

A kind of common PV element adopts monocrystalline silicon and semiconductor technology to produce. For instance, crystal growth technique is prepared valency control and isThe monocrystalline of the silicon of p-type or N-shaped, wherein this kind of monocrystalline is cut into Silicon Wafer subsequently to realize the thickness of being wanted. In addition, can be by forming notFor example, prepare p-n junction with the layer of conduction type (, the diffusion of valency control thing is made and the conduction type of the conductivity type opposite of wafer).

Except the product satisfying the needs of consumers, also adopt solar energy collecting system for various objects, for instance, electricity as interactive in effectivenessPower system, switch ground point source (except other) for the power supply in long-range or unmanned place and cellular phone. In solar energy collecting systemEnergy conversion module (for example, PV module) array can have from several kilowatts to 100 kilowatts or higher power, this depends on for shapeBecome the number of the PV module (also referred to as solar panel) of described array. Can be exposed to any under the sun most of the time in one dayThe described solar panel of local installation.

Conventionally, solar energy collecting system comprises with row arranged in form and is installed on the solar panel array in supporting construction. This type of solar energyPanel can export to be adapted to specific solar energy collecting system designing requirement to optimize solar panel energy through orientation. Solar panel canFixed orientation and constant tilt are installed on fixed structure, maybe can be installed on and follow the trail of in structure, and described tracking structure is along with the sun moves by dayMoving cross over sky and along with the sun is mobile and described solar panel is alignd towards the sun on high in 1 year.

But the temperature of controlling photovoltaic cell is still crucial for the operation of this type systematic, and the scalability being associated is still rich choosingThe task of war. Common approximation draws the conclusion of 1 DEG C of common electric power of losing approximately 0.3% of the every rising of PV battery.

Heliotechnics is generally implemented in a series of solar energy (photovoltaic) battery or battery panel, described solar cell or battery panelReceive daylight and sunlight conversion is become to electricity, electricity can be fed in power network subsequently. In the design of solar panel and realize heavy in producingMuch progress, it effectively increases efficiency and reduces its manufacturing cost simultaneously. Along with developing the solar cell that efficiency is higher, battery largeLittle reducing, thus cause adopting solar panel that the competitive renewable energy of tool in the non-renewable source of alternative minimizing gradually and height requirement is providedThe actual property of amount increases. For this reason, can dispose solar energy collecting system with by solar energy feed-in in power network.

Conventionally, solar energy collecting system comprise arrange embark on journey and be installed on the solar panel array in supporting construction. This type of solar panelCan export to be adapted to specific solar energy collecting system designing requirement to optimize solar panel energy through orientation. Solar panel can be fixedOrientation and constant tilt are installed on fixed structure, maybe can be installed on moving structure with the described solar panel that aligns towards the sun, becauseDirected described panel receives maximum solar radiation and will produce the power generation increasing rightly. Researched and developed some automation tracing systems withBased on time and date, panel is pointed to towards the sun separately, because can be to a certain extent according to the sunny position of these predictive metricses; SoAnd this does not provide best and aims at, because position of sun can change subtly from its calculating location. Other method comprises sensor light and correspondingGround is towards described light alignment solar panel. These technology adopt shadow mask conventionally, make when on the axle of the sun at detector batteryCrested region with equated by the area size of direct irradiation. But, this type of technology for detection producing from many sources except direct sunlightLight, for example, from the reflection of cloud, laser etc.

For light being gathered in to the system for generating or heat collection in the receiver with photovoltaic cell, paraboloid is usedIn the technology that realizes light gathering. Sometimes by by glass, plastics or metal preform or be molded as parabolic shape and manufacture parabolic reflectorDevice (being formed as a dimension or two dimensions), this can be expensive. Alternative is to form half paraboloid reflector, and described reflector is attachedReceive the framework of being made by bending aluminum pipe or other similar structures. In these and other conventional design, the limitation of complexity of structure is extensiveThe convenience of producing and be solar collector by design and assembly. In many cases, need crane to assemble described structure, and thereforeDescribed sub-assembly cost is higher. Equally, at the scene, the aligning of speculum can be difficult. In addition, can be difficult to safeguard and keep in repair described groupComponent itself.

Paraboloid is generally used for realizing light to be assembled. For producing electricity or heat, paraboloid conventionally focuses on light can localizeFor example, for example, in the focus area or track of (, focus) or expansion (, focal line). But most of reflector design have obstruction canLarge-scale production and be the substantial structure complexity for the convenience of the solar collector of power conversion by design and assembly. In addition knot,Structure complexity makes the aligning of reflecting element (for example, speculum) and the installation of institute's deploy aggregated device and maintenance or maintenance complicate conventionally.

Summary of the invention

Below present simplification of the present invention and summarize to provide the basic comprehension to aspects more of the present invention. This general introduction is not to of the present inventionExhaustive overview. Its not intend identification of the present invention main/key element or portray scope of the present invention. Its sole purpose is to simplify shapeFormula presents the preorder being described in more detail that concepts more of the present invention are used as presenting after a while.

The present invention who discloses and ask herein comprise in aspect one a kind of for test, evaluate and diagnosis solar collector lightLearn the system (and corresponding method) of the quality of device. In fact, the present invention discloses for by will be through modulated laser radiation-emitting to photovoltaic(PV) on the position of battery, (or near it) evaluates the performance of solar collector and the mechanism of quality. In an example, thisPenetrating will be in the paraboloidal focus place of (or roughly approaching) real paraboloid.

The present invention disclose with apart from source two distances of (for example, solar collector or disk) locate two receivers. These receiversFor collect can with standard or other threshold value compare through light modulated. In other words, the intensity of received light can with professional standard or certainThe value of individual other pre-programmed or deduction compares. Correspondingly, can from the result of described comparison, draw and performance-relevant conclusion.

In other side, if expect to strengthen the result of being observed by described receiver, the performance of optics described in capable of regulating so.For instance, can adopt mechanical mechanism (for example, motor controller) to carry out " tuning " or " fine setting " described collector (or automaticallyThe described collector of subgroup) can accept or the performance of wanting to realize.

The conventional method that solar array is installed in solar energy collecting system relates to makes described array be offset and install from supporting construction. But,During described array sun-tracing, can overcome with the motor of relatively high power the effect of the center of gravity of the displacement of described array, therefore reduceThe efficiency of described system.

Pass through disclosed subject matter, disclose a kind of array, described array is installed in the plane of supporting construction, thereby allows to maintainThe center of gravity of described array is around the axle of described supporting construction. Compared with conventional system, can utilize small electric machine to locate described array, becauseMake the effect minimum of the center of gravity of displacement. In addition, can make described array rotate around described supporting construction, thereby allow described array to be placed in peaceIn full position such as, to prevent the destruction of the assembly to forming described array, photovoltaic cell, speculum etc. Described array also can through location withPromote maintenance and the convenience of installing.

Provide and can be better than the solar tracking position of other light source detection to direct sunlight. In this regard, can solar cell is roughly directly poly-Combine on the daylight that produces energy-efficient. In particular, light analyzer can be in daylight tracker co-operate, wherein each analyzerCan receive the one in multiple light sources. Can produce from the gained optical signal of described analyzer and described in can being compared to determine onlyNo is direct sunlight; In this regard, can ignore the source that is defined as not being direct sunlight. In an example, described light analyzer can comprisePolarizer, spectral filter, globe lens and/or quadrant unit (quadrantcell) are to carry out this object. In addition, for instance,Can provide amplifier to carry gained optical signal to process for it.

According to example, can in given daylight tracker, configure multiple light analyzers. For instance, can utilize the polarization of described light analyzerDevice is guaranteed the essence of original light source unpolarized (just as the situation of direct sunlight). In example, can utilize the spectral filter of light analyzerStop some optical wavelength, thereby allow the scope of being utilized by daylight. In addition, can utilize globe lens and quadrant cell location to determine lightCollimation character is further to identify direct sunlight and to proofread and correct shaft alignement to receive a large amount of direct sunlight. Except other, can collect and compareFrom the gained optical signal of each light analyzer to determine whether described light source is direct sunlight. Wherein determine that at one described light is direct projectionIn the example of daylight, can automatically adjust according to light the position of solar panel through globe lens and the position on quadrant unit, make dayLight is aimed at best with the axle of described quadrant unit.

In routine operation, can be by locating solar collector with encoder. Can the solar position based on time and date estimateThe evaluation described encoder of programming; Time and date can be collected and the suitable position of described collector can be the information based on described collected determinedPut. But, if solar collector configuration by deliberately mobile, mobile because of natural event generation etc., so described encoder is not heavyIn the situation of new program, can become more inaccurate.

Pass through disclosed invention, can calculate with respect to gravity put on force measurement on solar collector and can by described measurement forPlace described solar collector. Between can and will being worth in described measurement, make comparisons to determine described solar collector is positioned over to whatPlace. Correspondingly, can produce the instruction of mobile receiver and described instruction is sent to electric system. About an embodiment, can be by incliningAngle meter is attached to solar energy disk securely, to can measure the described disk angle pointed with respect to gravity.

In addition, in conjunction with production, transport, assembling and the maintenance of simplifying solar collector, various aspects are described. The aspect disclosing relates toA kind of mode of producing solar collector and being easy to the cheap and simplification of the solar collector sub-assembly of assembling. In addition take off herein,The some aspects that show allow to transport cheaply a large amount of disks (for example, solar energy sub-assembly) with the state of modularization and/or part assembling.

One or more aspects relate to the mode that speculum is formed as to parabolic shape, its fixing is put in place and assembled. At speculumBetween groups of vanes component, maintain the effect that spacing for example, can produce collector during the cycle at strong wind (, storm wind) to alleviate wind-force. CanThereby allow some flexibilities to make described cell response, in the slight mobile mode of wind-force, described speculum groups of vanes component is installed to boneDry. But described unit keeps rigidity so that the focus of daylight is maintained on receiver. According to some aspects, can be by the described speculum wingPlate sub-assembly is arranged as groove design. In addition, near the location of electrode seat frame center of gravity place or center of gravity allows mobile collectors so that safeguard, depositStorage etc.

Another aspect of the present invention is supplied a kind of solar collector system, and it is (for example, real-time that described solar collector system has adjustingGround) from its heat regulation sub-assembly of heat dissipation. This kind of solar collector system can comprise the modularization of photovoltaic (PV) batteryArrange, wherein said heat regulation sub-assembly can remove from hot spot region produced heat with by the temperature of the described modular arrangement of PV batteryDegree gradient maintains in predetermine level. In one aspect, this kind of form that heat regulation sub-assembly can adopt fin to arrange, it comprisesMultiple fin of the dorsal part of the described modular arrangement of photovoltaic cell to be surface mounted to, wherein each fin can further comprise roughlyThe multiple fins that extend perpendicular to described dorsal part. The surface area that described fin can expand fin with increase with cooling medium (for example,The cooling fluids such as air, such as water) contact, described cooling medium is used for from described fin and/or photovoltaic cell heat dissipation. Therefore,Can be transmitted to around in cooling medium from the heat of photovoltaic cell and by described heat via fin conductive. In addition, described fin canThere is the roughly little form factor with respect to photovoltaic cell, to realize the effective distribution at the whole dorsal part of the modular arrangement of photovoltaic cell.In one aspect, can be for example, via heat conduction path (, metal level) loose to alleviate by being transmitted to fin from the heat of photovoltaic cellBacking is to direct physical or the heat conduction of photovoltaic cell. This layout is provided for the scalable solution party of the appropriate operation of PV modular arrangementCase.

In related fields, described fin can be able to be positioned in various planes or three dimensional arrangement to monitor, regulate and management all sidedlyLeave the heat flow of photovoltaic cell. In addition, each fin can further adopt heat/electric structure, described structure can have spiral, torsion,Spiral, labyrinth shape or the comparatively dense pattern in a part with line distribute and in other parts, have the relatively not intensive of lineOther planform that pattern distributes. For instance, this class formation part can be by the material that relatively high isotropic conductivity is providedMaterial forms and another part can be formed by the material that high thermoconductivity is provided on other direction. Correspondingly, each of heat regulation sub-assemblyHeat/electric structure provides heat conduction path, and described heat conduction path can dissipate from the heat of focus and make it enter calorie adjusting deviceVarious heat conducting shells or the fin that is associated.

Another aspect of the present invention provides a kind of calorie adjusting device, described calorie adjusting device have can keep with modularization photovoltaic arrangeThe soleplate of the direct contact of hot zone or support plate. Described soleplate can comprise that heat promotes section and main soleplate section. Described heatPromote section to promote heat to arrange the transfer between calorie adjusting device at modularization photovoltaic. Described main soleplate section can further compriseEmbed inner heat structure. This permit heat of producing from photovoltaic cell initially via described whole main soleplate section diffusion or scatter and withAfter enter heat structure stretch sub-assembly, wherein this kind stretch sub-assembly can be connected to fin.

According to more on the one hand, heat structure sub-assembly can connect to form network, and wherein its operation is controlled by the controller. In response to from described systemThe data that system (for example, sensor, heat/electric textural association part etc.) is collected, described controller determines that release cooling medium is to hand over heat structureMutual amount and speed are (for example,, to take away heat from photovoltaic cell, to eliminate focus and realize in the modular arrangement of photovoltaic cellMore uniform temperature gradient). For instance, based on collected measurement, the operation of microprocessor control valve is to be maintained at temperature predetermined modelFor example, in enclosing (, flowing through described PV battery from the water that serves as cooling agent of storage cistern supply). In addition, described system can be incorporated to various biographiesSensor for example, to assess the problem of appropriate operation (, the health of system) and diagnosis rapid-maintenance. In one aspect, exiting heat tuneAfter regulating device and/or photovoltaic cell, cooling agent can enter Venturi tube (Venturitube) at once, and wherein pressure sensor makes it possible toMeasure its flow. This microprocessor by control system further makes it possible to check the following: flow set, amount of coolant, streamMoving obstacle etc.

In related fields, described solar collector system can further comprise solar source (solarthermals)-wherein thisBright heat regulation sub-assembly also can be implemented the part into this kind of generation electric energy and both hybrid systems of heat energy, to promote optimization energy defeatedGo out. In other words the heat energy that, the medium of cooling described PV battery is accumulated during the cooling procedure at PV battery can be used subsequentlyFor example do, for example, through preheating medium or producing (, being fed to consumer-thermic load) for heat. Controller of the present invention also can active management(for example, trading off between heat energy and PV efficiency in real time), wherein the adjustable coolant media of control network of valve is through each solar energyFlowing of collector. Described heat regulation sub-assembly can adopt the form of conduit network, for example, for leading at whole solar collector netDraw the pipeline of cooling medium (for example, through pressurization and/or flow freely). Control Component can for example, based on sensing data (, whole systemThe measurement of middle temperature, pressure, flow, fluid velocity etc.) regulate the operation of (for example, automatically) valve.

In addition the invention provides for assembling and utilizing low cost for the solar collector of power conversion, can be mass-produced,The system and method for paraboloid. By starting to assemble paraboloid with planar reflective material, described material is attached via one groupThe ribs being added in brace summer is bent into parabola or runs through shape. Described paraboloid is installed on and props up in each panel or arrayOn support frame frame to form parabolic solar collector. Each paraboloid is with line segment pattern focused light. Can make via described parabolaBeam pattern optimization that solar collector focuses on receiver is obtained pre-determined characteristics. Described receiver is attached to described support frame,Relative with described paraboloid array, and comprise photovoltaic (PV) module and heat results element or assembly. Described in increase or keepingThe performance of wanting of parabolic solar collector, described PV module can be by being one chip (for instance) and the PV that represents preferred directionThe abundance of battery arranges to configure, advantageously to utilize beam pattern optimization, and no matter the scrambling in described pattern.

The object of the invention to solve the technical problems realizes by the following technical solutions. A kind of solar energy proposing according to the present inventionCollector, it comprises: multiple paraboloid arrays, wherein each paraboloid comprises via one group that is attached to frame beam and props upSupport rib is bent into the reflecting element of groove shape; One or more receivers, it collects light from described multiple paraboloid arrays,Described collector comprises at least one of the photovoltaic module of power conversion or heat energy harvesting system; And adjustment System, it is in order to excellentChange the figure of the collected light in each from described one or more receivers of described multiple paraboloid arrays collection lightThe light intensity distributions of case is so that the performance metric maximum of described solar collector, and wherein said performance metric is that electric energy produces or heat energy producesIn at least one.

The object of the invention to solve the technical problems also can be applied to the following technical measures to achieve further.

Aforesaid solar collector, wherein said photovoltaic module comprises one group of photovoltaic cell troops, and it is through arranging with described in utilizing bestCollected light, the described photovoltaic cell that described cohort is concentrated comprises solar cells made of crystalline silicon, crystallization germanium solar cells, based on IIITo the semi-conductive solar cell of V family, the solar cell based on copper gallium selenium, the solar cell based on CIS, amorphous silicon battery,At least one in film serial connection solar cell, three-joint solar cell or nano-structured solar cell.

Aforesaid solar collector, wherein said group of photovoltaic cell each photovoltaic cell in trooping is one chip and along perpendicular to containing to some extentState the specific axis of plane of photovoltaic module and orientation.

Aforesaid solar collector, each in trooping of wherein said group of photovoltaic cell troop comprise to be connected in series one of electric coupling orOne with up multiple photovoltaic cells.

Aforesaid solar collector, at least one in described multiple photovoltaic cells of wherein said one or more row comprises electric currentThe photovoltaic active component of coupling, wherein said photovoltaic active component is under the operation site condition based in simulation, to establish in test at least in partThe performance characterization carrying out in executing and currents match.

The object of the invention to solve the technical problems also realizes by the following technical solutions. The one proposing according to the present invention is in order to assemblingThe method of solar collector, described method comprises: by one group of ribs via being attached to frame beam by one of planar reflective materialPoint bending to groove shape assembles paraboloid; Be installed in support frame through assembling paraboloid array multiple; Adjust instituteState the position of each paraboloid in multiple arrays to optimize the beam pattern being collected on receiver, wherein said adjustment action bagDraw together the described position of each paraboloid of automatic tracing so that the fluctuation minimum of the pattern of described collected light beam; And connect according to describedReceive the pattern of the institute's gathered light in device and configure photovoltaic module on described receiver.

The aforesaid method in order to assembling solar collector, it is further included in, and that hot harvesting apparatus is installed on described receiver is logical to collectCross light and collect the heat producing.

The aforesaid method in order to assembling solar collector, the described position of each paraboloid of automatic tracing is so that described collectedThe fluctuation minimum of the pattern of light beam comprises at least one in the following: collect number by measuring or be linked into Local or Remote databaseAccording to; Activation motor is to adjust the position of the element in described solar collector; Or report the situation of described solar collector.

The aforesaid method in order to assembling solar collector, according to the pattern of the institute's gathered light in described receiver and on described receiverConfiguration photovoltaic module is further included in the concentrated described photovoltaic module of disparate one-element group and arranges one group of photovoltaic cell to increase described group of lightThe exposure of volt battery to collected light.

The aforesaid method in order to assembling solar collector, wherein said disparate unit troop comprise to be connected in series one of electric coupling orOne with up multiple photovoltaic cells.

On realizing, address relevant object, describe some illustrative aspect of the present invention in conjunction with following explanation and accompanying drawing herein. But, theseAspect only represents to utilize several modes in the variety of way of principle of the present invention and the present invention is set comprises all these type of aspects and equivalence thereofThing. In conjunction with graphic consideration following detailed description in detail of the present invention, other advantage of the present invention and novel feature will become apparent.

Brief description of the drawings

Figure 1A and Figure 1B illustrate respectively according to the exemplary parabolic solar collector of the aspect disclosing in the application's case and gatherThe chart of defocused laser beam.

Fig. 2 illustrates according to the exemplary of aspect described herein and forms reflector, and it is referred to herein as the combination of solar energy wing platePart.

Fig. 3 A and Fig. 3 B illustrate according to aspect formation solar reflector described herein and are attached to the master in solar collectorThe position of brace summer.

Fig. 4 A illustrates respectively the configuration of exemplary single collector and the exemplary dual collector according to aspect described herein to Fig. 4 BArrange.

Fig. 5 illustrates " bowknot " distortion that focuses on the collected light beam on receiver according to aspect described herein.

Fig. 6 can be corrected or can be through scheduling maintenance meeting according to the aspect disclosing in this description before the deployment of solar collectorThe chart of controlled typical slight distortion during words.

Fig. 7 illustrates the chart through adjustment institute focused beam pattern according to one side.

Fig. 8 is the chart for the receiver of the solar collector of power conversion according to aspect described herein.

Fig. 9 A illustrates according to the chart of the receiver of aspect described herein to Fig. 9 B.

Figure 10 is the reproduction that focuses on the beam pattern on receiver according to aspect described herein.

Figure 11 A shows according to the example embodiments of the PV module of aspect described herein to Figure 11 B.

Figure 12 shows can mechanically be coupled to PV module according to aspects of the present invention to extract therefrom the channelizing heat collection of heatThe embodiment of device.

Figure 13 A illustrates according to the active PV element in aspect described herein by via parabolic solar collector to Figure 13 CThe exemplary sight of the irradiation of solar collection.

Figure 14 is according to the drawing of the computer simulation of the beam distribution of the aspect parabola collector disclosing in this description.

Figure 15 A illustrates according to the example of the cluster configuration of the PV battery of aspect described herein to Figure 15 C.

Figure 16 A illustrates and makes it possible to by the change of dynamic(al) correction institute focused beam acts light pattern according to aspect described herein to Figure 16 BTwo exemplary cluster configuration of PV battery.

Figure 16 C shows according to the exemplary configuration for current generated collection of aspect described herein.

Figure 17 be according to aspect described herein make it possible to adjust solar collector or its reflector panel position so that described inThe block diagram of the exemplary tracing system of the performance metric maximum of solar collector.

Figure 18 A looks according to the disparate of embodiment of day optical receiver of utilization broad collector in aspect described herein to Figure 18 B representativeFigure.

Figure 19 shows the alternative or extra embodiment of exemplary that utilizes day optical receiver of broad collector according to aspect described herein.

Figure 20 illustrates and is incident in PV because of what the multiple reflections on the inner surface of the reflection guider in broadness-collector receiver causedThe ray trace simulation of the lip-deep light of module.

Figure 21 is presented on the simulation drawing of the light of collecting at the PV module place in broadness-collector receiver with the reflection guider that is attached to itPicture.

Figure 22 presents according to aspect described herein for utilizing paraboloid to carry out the exemplary of gathered light for power conversionThe flow chart of method.

Figure 23 be according to aspect described herein in order to the position of adjusting solar collector to realize the exemplary methods of pre-determined characteristicsFlow chart.

Detailed description of the invention

Describe the present invention referring now to graphic, wherein refer to identical element in the identical Ref. No. of all graphic middle use. ForThe object of explaining, in the following description, has enumerated a large amount of details to provide thorough understanding of the present invention. But, can show and easilySee, without using these details just can put into practice the present invention. In other example, show well-known structure and dress with block diagram formPut, to promote to describe the present invention.

Term used " assembly ", " system ", " module ", " interface ", " platform ", " layer ", " node ", " selector " in the application's caseSetly refer to the entity relevant to computer, it can be combination, the software of hardware, hardware and software, or can be executory software. LiftExample, assembly can be process that (but being not limited to) move on processor, processor, object, executable file, execution thread,Program and/or computer. By illustrative mode, the application program and the described server that run on server all can be assembly. One orIt is more than one that assembly can reside in process and/or execution thread, and assembly can be localized on a computer and/or be distributed in two orMore than two between computer. In addition, these assemblies can store the various computer-readable medias execution of various data structures from it.Described assembly can (for example) according to have one or more packets (for example, from one with local system, distributed system inAnother component interaction and/or spanning network (for example, internet) via the data of the assembly of described signal and other system interaction) letterNumber communicate via this locality and/or remote process. As another example, assembly can be, and the particular functionality that provided by mechanical part is providedEquipment, described mechanical part is operated by electricity or electronic circuit, and described electricity or electronic circuit are by the software of being carried out by processor or firmware application journeyOrder operation, wherein said processor can described device interior or described device external and carry out described software or firmware application programs extremelyA few part. As an example again, assembly can be the equipment that particular functionality is provided by electronic building brick in the situation that of machinery-free parts,Described electronic building brick wherein can comprise that processor is to carry out functional software or the firmware of giving at least in part described electronic building brick. AsAnother example, interface can comprise I/O (I/O) assembly and associated processor, application program or API (API)Assembly.

In addition, term "or" is set means comprising property "or" and non-exclusionism "or". That is to say " X adopts A or B " set meaningRefer to any one in the described arrangement of comprising property naturally, obviously find out unless otherwise prescribed or from the context. That is to say, if X adoptsA, X adopts B, or X adopt A and B both, so in above-mentioned example any one in the situation that all meet " X adopts A or B ". ThisOutward, article used in this description and accompanying drawing " (a) " and " one (an) " should be interpreted as meaning " one or more " conventionally,Unless otherwise prescribed or based on context obviously refer to singulative.

Term used " deduction (infer) " or " inferring (inference) " typically refer to according to passing through event and/or data institute hereinOne group observations of catching is released or the process of inference system, environment and/or user's state. For instance, deduction can be used to identificationSpecific context or action, maybe can produce the probability distribution of state. That described deduction can be is probabilistic-that is to say, based on to data and thingThe probability distribution of be concerned about state is calculated in the consideration of part. Infer and also can refer to for forming the more skill of advanced event from one group of event and/or dataArt. This kind of deduction causes constructing new events or action from one group of institute's observed events and/or the event data of storing, and no matter whether described eventForm with upper next-door neighbour of time is relevant, and no matter described event and data are from one or from several events and data source.

Producing the required most of fund cost of solar electric power is at the silicon for photovoltaic (PV) battery or photovoltaic pond. But, nowSuitable photovoltaic cell with the operation of 1000 sun optically focused can be used, and can on the silicon with respect to small size, reduce this one-tenth by daylight is gathered inThis. For successfully realizing this object, reflecting material (for example, speculum) must show really very well.

In great majority application, owing to assembling the most at the scene collector, therefore this requirement is even harsher. Therefore, the present invention takes offShow the Fast Evaluation of the quality that can permit collector optics and occur also providing unacceptable performance in the situation that diagnosis method andDevice (assembly). In addition, the invention enables can tuning collector to realize best or acceptable performance standard.

Figure 1A illustrates the chart of exemplary parabolic solar collector 7100. Exemplary solar collector 7100 comprises reflectorFour panels 7130 of 7135₁To 7130₄, described panel focuses the light beam in two receivers 7120₁To 720₂Upper-panel 7130₁And7130₃Light is focused on to receiver 7120₁Upper, and panel 7130₂And 7130₄Light is focused on to receiver 7120₂On. Receiver 7120₁And 7120₂Both all can collect the daylight for generation of electricity or electric power; But, in alternative or additional configuration, receiver 7120₁Can be used forHeat energy results, and receiver 7120₂Can be used for electric power produces. Reflector 7135 attached (for example, bolt, soft soldering) is to tying as supportingThe main support member beam 7135 of a part for structure, described supporting construction comprises mast 7118, supports receiver 7120₁And 120₂Beam 7130And alleviate panel 7130₁To 7130₄The truss 7125(of the load on girder 7115 for example, kingpost truss). Get the position of truss contactCertainly in panel 7130₁To 7130₄Load. Supporting construction in exemplary solar collector 7100 can be held by providing to described collectorRoughly arbitrary material (for example, metal, carbon fiber) of support and integrality is manufactured for a long time. Reflector 7135 can be identical or roughly the same; SoAnd, in one or more alternative or extra embodiment, the large I difference of reflector 7135. In one aspect, can adopt difference largeLittle reflector 7135 produces the focused beam pattern for example, with particular characteristics (, specific uniformity grade) of collected light.

Reflector 7135 comprises towards the reflecting element of described receiver and supporting construction (below being described in connection with Fig. 2). ReflectorPart be reliably, the not expensive and planar reflective material (for example, speculum) easily buied, it is bent into parabolic shape in a longitudinal directionOr run through shape section and remain in a lateral direction smooth to form paraboloid. Therefore, light is focused on receiver by reflector 7135In focal line in 7120. Should be appreciated that, even if illustrate the reflector of given number (7) in exemplary solar collector 71007135, but at each panel 7130₁To 7130₄In can adopt the reflector of greater or lesser number. Equally, can be as retouched in this descriptionState and in solar collector, utilize reflector panel or array 7130 to combine with arbitrary essence of receiver 7120. This kind of combination can compriseOne or more receivers.

In addition, should be appreciated that, can apply protection elements at reflector 7135 backs, such as plastic foam etc. are with at exemplary solar collector7100 adopt safety or maintenance position (for example,, by the rotation around main brace summer 7115) and expose under severe or adverse weather operationPanel 7130_λBack (wherein l=1,2,3,4) time promote the integrality (for instance) of described element.

Should be further appreciated that exemplary solar collector 7100 transports and is assembled in and dispose site for being easy to large-scale production and segmentationModular construction. In addition panel 7130,_λEven modular construction therein one or more reflectors become and can not operate (exampleAs, reflector breakage, misalignment) situation under still guarantee to promote the operational redundancy degree of continuous solar collection.

In one aspect of the invention, the receiver 7120 in exemplary collector 7100₁To 7120₂Can comprise photovoltaic (PV) module,Described photovoltaic module promotes power conversion (light is transformed into electricity), and it also can gather in the crops heat energy (for example,, via described in having and being absorbed in and being attached toThe coiled pipe that makes Fluid Circulation of the heat that the receiver place of the supporting construction of PV module forms). Should be appreciated that receiver 7120₁And 7120₂InEach or can comprise the PV without hot harvesting apparatus as the roughly arbitrary receiver in the solar collector described in this descriptionModule, do not there are the hot harvesting apparatus of PV module or both. Receiver 7120₁To 7120₂Can electrical interconnection and be connected to power network or otherDisparate receiver in solar collector. In the time that receiver comprises heat energy harvesting system, described system can be crossed over disparate solar collectorIn multiple receivers connect.

Figure 1B illustrates and focuses on receiver 7120_γOn exemplary institute focused beam 7122, it can be implemented in receiver 7120₁Or7120₂In or in arbitrary other receiver described in this description. The light pattern 7122 focusing on shows inhomogeneities, wherein compare Kuan districtSection is positioned near the end points of described pattern or is positioned at described end points place. The focal zone of the top, end points district of described pattern and the diffusion more of belowTerritory is conventionally because reflector occurs away from its focal length location a little.

Next discuss the details of exemplary solar collector 7100 and element thereof.

Fig. 2 illustrates exemplary and forms reflector 7135, and it is called solar energy groups of vanes component in this article. Solar reflector 7135Be included in and on longitudinal direction 7208, be bent into parabolic shape or run through shape and on horizontal direction 7210, keep smooth reflecting element7205. This of reflecting element 7205 kind bending promotes the line segment that is arranged in focus place that formed parabola runs through in order to light is focused onReflection. Should be appreciated that, the length of described section of line is consistent with the width of reflecting element 7135. Reflecting material 7205 can be roughly arbitrary low costMaterial, for example metallicity thin slice, thin glass reflector, is coated on the high reflective film material on plastics, and wherein said film has pre-boundaryFixed optical property (for example, absorbing unsuccessfully (for example, 514nm green laser or 647nm red laser) in the scope of specific wavelength)Or the engineering properties defining in advance, as low elasticity constant so that stress patience etc. to be provided.

In exemplary reflector 7135, be attached to six ribs 7215 of frame beam 7225₁To 7215₃By curved reflecting element 7205Song is parabolic shape. For this purpose, ribs has disparate size and is additional to disparate position in beam 225 so that abundant parabolic to be providedFacial contour: external rib 7215₃Have than rib 7215₂Second highly large the first height, this second aspect ratio internal rib 7215₁The 3rdHighly large. Should be appreciated that the positive integer that can adopt one group of N(to be greater than three) individual ribs carrys out supporting reflex element 7205. It should be noted that availableRoughly arbitrary material with sufficient rigidity is manufactured ribs to provide support and commensurate structure variation and environmental fluctuating. Can be at least in partEngineering properties, manufacturing cost consideration etc. based on reflecting element 7205 determine ribs number N and material (for example, plastics, goldGenus, carbon fiber).

Can utilize in order to for example, by ribs (, ribs 7215₁To 7215₃) be attached to the various technology of frame beam 7225. In addition prop up,Support rib (for example, ribs 7215₁To 7215₃) can carry out fixing reflecting element 7205 by various configurations; For example,, as reflected in exemplaryIllustrated in device 7135, ribs can be clamped reflecting element 205. In one aspect of the invention, can be by ribs 7215₁To 7215₃Be fabricated to the part of frame beam 7225. In another aspect, can be by ribs 7215₁To 7215₃Clip in frame beam 7225, thisAt least have advantages of to provide and be convenient to maintenance and adjust reflection reconfigure. More on the one hand in, ribs 7215₁To 7215₃Can be along backboneBeam 7225 slides and is in place.

Recessed connector 7235 promotes exemplary reflector 7135 to be coupled to main structural framework in exemplary solar collector 71007115。

Should be appreciated that, the shape of one or more elements in exemplary reflector 7135 can be different from illustrated shape. For example, reflecting element 7205 can adopt the shapes such as for example square, ellipse, circle, triangle. Frame beam 7225 can have non-squareThe cross sectional shape (for example, circular, oval, triangle) of shape; Therefore can adapt to connector 7235.

Fig. 3 A is the attached chart 7300 of solar reflector 7135 to main brace summer 7115. As received at exemplary parabolic solarIllustrated in storage 7100, seven reflectors 7135 are placed in apart from the focal length place of receiver 7120 γ, wherein γ=1,2. Reflector7135 have the same focal length by design, and therefore light beam for example will be focused, in line segment (, focal line). Fluctuation (the example of attached conditionAs, the variation of the aligning of reflector) cause reflection be positioned the distance slightly longer or slightly short than focal length and be therefore projeced on receiver 120Light beam image can be rectangular shape. Should be appreciated that, in this kind of configuration of reflector, receiver 7120_γThe pattern of upper institute focused beam withThe dot pattern of the institute's focused light obtaining by conventional parabolic mirror or (it is for along the second inswept throwing in parabola path by conventional reflectorObject plane section) the V-arrangement pattern of the collected light that forms is roughly different.

Or, in one aspect, can or run through in straight line configuration and in design, solar reflector 7135 is attached to main brace summer 7135,But not be placed in apart from receiver 7120_γThe same focal length place. Fig. 3 B illustrates the chart 7350 of this kind of attachment arrangement. Line 7355 figure explanationsAttachment wire on bright support frame 7135.

Fig. 4 A and Fig. 4 B illustrate respectively the configuration 400 of exemplary single collector and exemplary dual collector arranges 450. In Fig. 4 A,Schematically in receiver 120 γ, present beam pattern, described beam pattern is roughly even, its medium and small distortion but not be associated with fluctuationThose distortions cause rectangular light projection. But this kind of uniformity is to obtain with the cost of limited collection area; For example, two anti-Emitter panel 7130₁To 7130₂In each panel, there are seven formation reflectors.

Fig. 4 B illustrates and utilizes two receivers 7120₁To 7120₂Exemplary collector configuration 7450, described two receivers pass through(for example, each has four reflector panels 7130 of seven formation reflectors to larger area₁To 7130₄) promote the reality of solar collectionMatter increases. Configuration 7450 provides at least two advantages in single collector configuration 7400: (i) the spoke that twice is many is collected in dual collector configurationPenetrate passband, and (ii) in single collector configuration, keep the essence uniformity of institute's focused beam. In exemplary solar collector 7100Utilize exemplary reflector arrangements 7450.

It should be noted that and in single collector configuration, implement can cause institute's focused beam with the same large collection area of collection area in layout 7450The substantial distortion of pattern. In particular, for thering is large formation reflector array (it comprises the roughly external reflector away from receiver)Large area collector, can form " bowknot " distortion. Therefore, overcome to be derived from by the advantage being associated with uniform irradiation and utilizeThe complexity of the increase of two receivers and associated circuits and active component. Fig. 5 illustrates to focus on to be positioned at has arraying bread board 7130₁To 7130₄The center configuration of solar collector in receiver 7510 on " bowknot " distortion of light.

Fig. 6 illustrates the typical slight distortion that can proofread and correct before disposing solar collector or can adjust during institute's scheduling maintenance sessionChart 7600. Can pass through reflector panel (for example, panel 130₁) in form the whole Δ of ditty of the position of reflector or solar energy wing plateθ proofreaies and correct this kind of distortion in the image focusing on receiver 7610, and (it can be implemented in receiver 7120₁Or 7120₂In). Described tuneWhole target is the attached angle φ of panel that changes to central supporting beam 7130. This adjustment can be considered as φ is changed to 3.45 from the value of 3.45 degreeThe rotation " distortion " of ± Δ θ. Or, or in addition, can by the second attached angle φ (frame beam 225 with contain the flat of main brace summer 115Angle between face) be reconfigured for φ ± Δ α, wherein Δ α < < φ. (conventionally, φ is 10 degree). The result of position adjustment be byFor example, by indivedual usual reflector panels (, panel 7130₁) form light beam line be shifted to irradiate more equably receiver 7120 to enter oneStep is utilized the advantage of PV battery behavior. Fig. 7 illustrates the chart 7700 through adjustment example of distortion pattern shown in chart 7600.

Fig. 8 for example, for collecting for example, photovoltaic receiver (, receiver 7120 for the daylight of power conversion (, light is transformed into electricity)₁Or 7120₂) the chart of example embodiments 7800. In embodiment 7800, described receiver comprises the module of photovoltaic (PV) battery,For example, PV module 7810. 7820 groups, PV battery or be clustered in and aim at (for example,, referring to Figure 1B) in the direction of institute's focused beam. In addition,7820 groups, PV battery or PV active component are arranged to N and form battery and capable the trooping of M, the wherein series connection of the formation PV battery in a lineThe electrical connection in parallel of electrical connection and several rows; N and M are positive integer. In example embodiments 7800, N=8 and M=3. This kind aim at andElectrical connectivity can be utilized the aspect of PV battery, and for example, vertical many knot (VMJ) batteries (for example, focus on receiver to utilize uniquely7120₁Or 7120₂) on arrow beam of light so that electricity output is maximum. It should be noted that VMJ battery is one chip (for example, integrally engaging) and edgeSpecific direction orientation, described direction is conventionally consistent with the crystal axis of the semiconductive material of the described VMJ battery of formation. Should be appreciated that, in PV moduleThe PV battery utilizing in 7810 can be roughly arbitrary solar cell, for example solar cells made of crystalline silicon, crystallization germanium solar cells,Arrive the semi-conductive solar cell of V family, the solar cell based on copper gallium selenium, the solar cell based on CIS, amorphous based on IIISilion cell, film serial connection solar cell, three-joint solar cell, nano-structured solar cell etc.

Should be appreciated that, the example embodiments 7800 of PV receiver comprises and can be used for making the coiled pipe 7830 of fluid or liquid coolant circulation to go outIn at least two objects below and collect heat: (1) in optimum temperature range, operate troop or group in PV battery 7820 because PVBattery efficiency is along with temperature raises and demotes; And (2) utilize the source of described heat as heat energy. In one aspect, can optimize heat takes outThe pattern of getting is disposed coiled pipe 7830. Can be by least in part a part for coiled pipe 7830 being embedded in to the material that comprises PV receiverRealize and dispose (for example,, referring to Fig. 9 A).

Fig. 9 A illustrates receiver 7120 to Fig. 9 B_γChart 7900 and 7950, its housing 7910 is attached to described receiver.Shell 7910 can go along with sb. to guard him installation, maintenance safeguard the mankind agency of solar collector 100 or operator to avoid being exposed to the light beam of focusingAnd the temperature of the rising being associated. Shell 7910 comprises crosses over receiver 7120_γIn PV battery derive passive heat air-flow in case reduce canMake the exhaust nozzle 7915 of the accumulation of institute's heat of aggregation air of the light beam distortion that arrives described PV module. The draining or reduce and lead of hot air layerCause higher electricity output. Can improve and drain by add little active cooling fan in nozzle 7915.

Figure 10 focuses on receiver 7120_γOn the reproduction 8000 of beam pattern 7122, described receiver comprises PV active component (quiltIrradiate) and coiled pipe 7830. Pattern fluctuation is visible; For instance, beam pattern 7122 is narrower in the central area of receiver 120 γ,And broaden towards the end of receiver 7120. This kind of pattern form makes us recalling " bowknot " distortion of discussing above. Should be appreciated that, canBy the various layouts of PV battery as discussed below alleviate caused by this type of fluctuation of beam pattern 7122 or distortion to performanceIlleffects.

Figure 11 A shows according to the example embodiments of the PV module of some aspects of the present invention to Figure 11 B. Illustrated in Figure 11 AEmbodiment 8140 in, PV receiver is made up of metallic plate 8145, PV module 8150(is for example) by epoxy or other heat conduction orElectric insulation adhesive material, adhesive tape or similar grafting material are attached on described metallic plate, or adhere in addition the metal watch of described receiverIn face. In illustrated embodiment 8140, PV module 8150 comprises N=4 layout that forms battery, shows as square block,And M=4 is capable. In embodiment 8140, PV module comprise six cavitys 8148 with by described PV module or bolt or be fastened to support knotStructure, for example post 7110. In addition, illustrated embodiment 1100 comprises four extra clamp structures 8152.

In Figure 11 B, in shown example embodiments 8180, PV module 8190 is made up of metallic plate 8185, the trooping of PV battery8150 are deployed on described metallic plate. As mentioned above, described in troop comprise N=4 form battery, show as square block, and M=4 is capable,And described metallic plate comprises four clamp structures 8152. In one aspect, in embodiment 8180, the metallic plate that forms PV module embodiesCan allow Fluid Circulation to pass aperture 8192 for the semi-open shell that causes described PV module to turn cold or heat energy is gathered in the crops. Should be appreciated that,In embodiment 8180, described PV module does not comprise heat results or chilling unit, for example coiled pipe 7830 or other conduit, but PV module8190 can assemble or be coupled with refrigeration or heat results unit as described below.

Figure 12 shows according to some aspects of the present invention can mechanically be coupled to PV module (not showing in Figure 12) to take out therefromThe embodiment of the channelizing heat collection device 8200 of heat-obtaining amount. Active cooling or heat transmission medium can be embodied in through multiple (Q) logicalIn the fluid that road or conduit 8210 circulate, wherein Q is positive integer. Can for example, at indivedual sheet metals (, Al or Cu sheet, or there is high heatArbitrary material of conductivity) middle machining channelizing heat collection device 8200. In one aspect, the first aperture 8240 can allow coolingAgent fluid admission passage heat-transmission amount collector and the second aperture allow described coolant fluid discharge. Aperture 8220 or 8230 allows passageHeat-transmission amount collector 8200 fastening (for example, bolt tightening or bolt) is to PV module (not shown). Can there is additional fasteners 8252To make it possible to be attached to PV module. It should be noted that can by covering, hard thin slice (not shown) put in channelizing heat collection device 8200On open surface to close and seal channel collector 8200, to prevent the leakage of coolant fluid; The hard thin slice of described covering can be by leading toRidge 8254 in the inner surface of road heat-transmission amount collector 8200 supports. The hard thin slice of described covering can be and utilizes by circulation through described passageThe thermoelectric material of the heat of the fluid results of heat-transmission amount collector is to produce the extra electricity that can supplement through the electricity output of cooling PV module. Or orIn addition, described in can thermo-contact, the hard attached thermoelectric device of cover sheet supplements electricity to produce.

Channelizing heat collection device 8200 is modular, is that it can (for example mechanically be coupled to disparate PV module once8180) to gather in the crops heat energy cooling irradiated PV module. At least one advantage of the modularized design of channelizing heat collection device 8200That it can effectively and practically recycle after PV module operation end-of-life; For example,, when the electric current of PV module service cost benefitWhile exporting unsuccessfully, described PV module can be dismantled and new PV module can be fastened to described channelizing collector from described channelizing collector.At least another advantage of channelizing heat collection device is to select at least in part the fluid that serves as heat transmission medium to bear to adapt to specific heatCarry and effectively cause with the disparate PV module of different irradiation level or photon flux operation and turn cold.

In one aspect, PV element can with close and surface that the surface of the hard cover sheet of seal channel collector 8200 is relative onDirectly join described channelizing collector to. Therefore, described channelizing collector is as the gripper shoe of PV battery, simultaneously its provide cooling orHeat extraction. It should be noted that and one group of channelizing collector 8200 can be fastened to supporting construction to form PV receiver; For instance, 7120₁。At least one advantage of the modular arrangements of described group of channelizing collector 8200 is to join each collector in described group to when PV elementAnd when one or more PV elements in collector break down, can individually replace affected PV element and support passageization and receiveStorage, and can not produce harm to the operation of the disparate collector in described group of channelizing collector 8200 and the PV battery that is associated.

Figure 13 A illustrates a part active that can be PV module 7810 or any other PV module described herein to Figure 13 CPV element is by three exemplary sights of the irradiation of the solar collection via parabolic solar collector 7100. A side of the present inventionIn face, described active PV element is the structure of one chip (for example, integrally engaging), axial orientation, and it comprises one group that is connected in seriesN(N is positive integer) individual formation or unit solar cell (for example, the solar cell based on silicon, solar cell based on GaAs,Solar cell based on Ge or nano-structured solar cell). Described group of N solar cell is illustrated as piece 8325. Too describedSun can produce series voltage along the axle Z8302 of described structure by batteryWherein Δ V_CFor forming cell voltage. Indivedual PVBattery is with low-voltage produce power; Most of battery output 0.5V. Therefore, for producing essence electric power, in view of available low-voltage, electricityFlow to toward higher. But substantial current flows can cause the power loss that showing being associated with series resistance, because being this kind of power loss and I²BecomeRatio, wherein I is the electric current transporting by series resistance. Correspondingly, the power loss of system-level is along with high electric current and low-voltage can be fastSpeed increases. The latter causes utilizing the solar energy conversion designs of the solar cell interconnecting with arranged in series to increase Voltage-output.

Structure 8325 represents vertical many knot (VMJ) solar cells of exemplary. In the one side of VMJ solar cell, along growth sideForm solar cell to stacking one group N of Z8302, each forms battery has near the first interface of described battery and disparate batteryP doped layer, and near the second interface, there is n doped layer, wherein said first and second interface is perpendicular to described direction of growth Z8302Plane. VMJ battery on the other hand in, under typical operation conditions, 1cm²VMJ solar cell exportablely approach 25 volts,Because N-40 formation battery is connected in series conventionally. Therefore eight VMJ solar cells that, are electrically connected in series can produce and approach 200V.In addition being connected in series of formation solar cell described in, in the time that VMJ solar cell is not irradiated equably in VMJ solar cell canCause low current condition or in the time that one or more formation solar cells in described VMJ solar cell are not illuminated, cause faultOpen loop state when irradiation (formation solar cell) for example, conventionally because the electric current of the chain of the electric active component being connected in series outputProduced the battery limitation of minimum current amount. Under uneven irradiation, the output of the electric power that produces is roughly depended on and is incident on described VMJ electricityThe details of the collected light on pond or roughly arbitrary or arbitrary active PV element. Therefore, it should be noted that by the VMJ so that interconnected in series to be provided tooSun can battery or arbitrary or arbitrary active PV element (for example, film serial connection solar cell, solar-electricity based on crystal semiconductor roughlyPond, the solar cell based on amorphous semiconductor, the solar cell based on nanostructured) the mode of uniform irradiation design solar energyCollector.

Figure 13 A shows that wherein the illustrative institute focused beam 8305 of oblate shape covers the exemplary sight on the whole surface of PV element 83258300. Therefore, irradiate and be regarded as the best. Figure 13 B presents with respect to electric power or energy and is output as suboptimum (due to PV active component 8325The part of middle formation solar cell (being expressed as rectangle) is irradiated) exemplary sight 8330-for example, unit or form solar cellWhole width irradiate unsuccessfully by focal area 8335. Figure 13 C is the exemplary sight 8340 of operating trouble (for example, zero output situation),Because the subgroup failure of the formation solar battery group in PV active component 8325 is irradiated in focal area 8345, and therefore electric power be output as zero (because ofNot irradiated formation solar cell place no-voltage occurs).

Figure 14 shows the drawing 14 of the computer simulation of the distribution of the light of collecting by exemplary parabola collector 7100. Described simulation (exampleAs, can comprise the ray trace model of the optical property of reflecting material 7205) to be emerging in direction Y8405 upper (perpendicular to VMJ batteryAxle) and non-homogeneous light pattern on orthogonal direction X8407. The specific stretch characteristics in optical focus region is derived from position and is comprising solar energy receiptsThe distribution around of the focus of multiple reflectors (for example, reflector 7135) of storage (for example, solar collector 7100); Described manyIndividual reflector is created in stacked multiple, the relatively out-of-alignment image in described receiver place. Should be appreciated that, for example, when area (, the face of collectingPlate 7130₁To 7130₄Area) when increasing and adding extra reflection mirror or reflector, the light that is distributed in focus place can become more and more unevenEven.

In addition, Figure 14 present illustrate a pair of VMJ battery 8455 with respect to solar collector (for example, 100) produce optical pictureThe chart 8450 that the exemplary of picture (for lead tone) is described location and aimed at; In image in chart 8450 and chart 8400Image is identical. Can be in the side of VMJ battery 8455 add one or more VMJ batteries or roughly any or appoint along direction Y8405What PV active component; For example, be parallel to the direction of the back timber in support frame 7130; Conventionally, the pattern of VMJ battery or configuration will beMake for example, to have through the main shaft (, being parallel to the axle of direction Y8405) of the optical imagery of institute's focused beam the layout of reflection symmetry.

It should be noted that producing in the solar collector of heat energy, do not affected by this inhomogeneities of simulation and forecast and the experimentally irradiation of observationPerformance, because heat energy is for example integrated in, effectively through irradiating in hot receiver (coiled pipe 7830 that, install at back). But, work as PVWhen battery is for example positioned at, near the focal track (, point or line) of collected light, uneven irradiation can cause a part poor of PV batteryIrradiate (for example, referring to Figure 13 A to Figure 13 C) and therefore roughly reduce power conversion performance; For example, reduce by one group of PV in PV moduleThe electric power output of battery.

Should be appreciated that, the solar collector (for example, solar collector 7100) disclosing in the present invention is designed to the structure of tolerant structureSpace wave (for example, the change in size of various structural details) in making. In addition the solar collector (for example, 7100) disclosing,Also tolerable environmental fluctuating, for example (i) daily thermograde of essence, it has weather conditions (for example, Nevada ,Usa like desertState; Colorado; Australia is northern etc.) and can be as some deployment places of the serious storm situation such as high-speed wind power and hailCommon event. Should easily understand, environmental fluctuating can roughly affect constructional aspect, and roughly the stress of arbitrary type can make focused in additionDaylight is from designed focal track or focal track skew intentionally. Described fluctuation or change some parts of conventionally making institute's focused light pattern tooSun can receiver the short-axis direction of brace summer on displacement up or down, and on the long axis direction of described brace summer vertical center line leftOr right shift. For example, by PV active component (, VMJ solar cell, three-joint solar cell) 7820 being positioned to focus intentionallyOptimum position in light pattern (light pattern overlapping with PV cell pattern for instance) (for example, is called " dessert " off the recordPosition) locate, can alleviate the adverse effect being associated with this type of variation of light pattern, even because PV active component may be shifted in optical focusSituation under also can keep illuminated.

As described below, can guarantee that light incident on PV element roughly configures or arrange described PV with the irrelevant layout of the fluctuation of optical focusElement. In one aspect of the invention, by as described below on receiver directed PV battery (for example, VMJ solar cell), throwThe output of object plane solar energy collector system 7100 uneven irradiation that roughly focusing track (for example, point, line or arc) is located has bulletProperty, for example, because the per unit battery in VMJ battery can make at least a portion of its lateral areas section (, width) illuminated; For example, ginsengSee Figure 13 B and associated descriptions. Correspondingly, VMJ solar cell or roughly any or any PV active component orientation in the following manner:Wherein it is for example connected in series, with the major axis (, Y8405) of optical imagery and aims at.

Figure 15 A illustrates the trooping of VMJ solar cell that can be used for power conversion in parabolic solar collector 7100 to Figure 15 CThe example of configuration or layout. In the time that VMJ solar cell is mentioned in following explanation, should note can roughly the same mode configuring other and substituteOr extra PV active component (for example, film serial connection solar cell). Figure 15 A show VMJ solar cell to have K=2 capableTroop 8520 for three₁To 8520₃Or string 8535₁And 8535₂, every a line comprises M=8 VMJ battery, it is connected in series and each canComprise and approach 40 formation solar cells. Troop 8520₁To 8520₃By electric wire or negative voltage bus 8560 and the connection of positive voltage bus(also referring to Figure 16). Pass through and be connected in parallel to increase electric current output. It should be noted that at least in part and consider based on design, one in troopingThe number M(positive integer of the VMJ battery in row) can be greater than or less than eight, described design consider to comprise business (for example, cost,Stock, purchase order) and technical elements (for example, battery efficiency, battery structure) both. For instance, troop 8520₁To 8520₃Can be that the design that produces the VMJ battery generation Δ V=200V of 25V by each draws from target. Equally, can be according to initial and focusingIn day optical receiver 7120_γOn the space of light beam stretch relevant design restriction and determine K(positive integer) (also referring to Figure 14). VMJ batteryTroop through being connected in series. Electric wire 8524 is routed on the dorsal part of day optical receiver.

As described previously, the light focusing on is often (fixed along Y8405 direction towards the length of the more described receiver of end span of institute's focus patternTo) be inhomogeneous. Therefore, in one aspect, can in " division " layout, add and additionally troop, wherein four VMJ batteries contrapositionIn an end place, and other four VMJ solar cells are to making up the balance of trooping that is positioned at other end place. This " division is trooped " configurationTroop at one in (one of splitting is punished in one end in office) but not comprehesive property in troop at 2 (in the one at every one end place). Can lead toCross interconnect through the dorsal part of described receiver and along the electric wire 8560 of the dorsal part wiring of described receiver that described division troops 2 half.

Figure 15 B illustrates and wherein configures three row 8565₁To 8565₃The layout 8530 of PV active component. Configuration comprises by electric wire or bus8560 three PV that connect troop 8550₁To 8550₃(also referring to Figure 16). The spatial distribution of described PV active component conventionally than focus onThe expection spatial distribution of light pattern is wide; Can be by estimating this kind of width as the simulation of those simulations that presented in Figure 14. When PV activeFor example, when the cost of element (, VMJ solar cell) is feasible, can implement to configure 8530. This kind of configuration can keep structural fluctuation, manufactureThe system of wanting (for example, the solar collector 7100) tolerance limit of undesirable property (for example, scale error) and structure displacement, because it is carriedFor for through displacement light fall thereon compared with general objective area. In this configuration sight, introduce the extra VMJ sun by introducing the third lineCan cell area, the part in described region may be not illuminated and this is non-operational; But, obtain operation (for example, illuminatedThe net increase of area and therefore to configure at least one advantage of 8530 be to utilize more radiation. Should be appreciated that, utilize larger VMJ solar-electricityThe relative cost effectiveness of pond floor space and larger light beam floor space or compromise at least in part according to solar collector 7100 structures andThe relative cost of respective element (for example, speculum) and for example, relative cost and efficiency to PV active component (, VMJ battery) of efficiency.

Figure 15 C illustrates exemplary configuration 8580, and wherein having trooping of disparate structure can be according to the expection of institute's focused beam pattern (ginsengSee Figure 14) spatial variations adjusts; For example, the width of the direction X8407 of the institute focusedimage of edge in the whole length of receiverChange.

(for example, can in the whole length of receiver, adjust a string or row for adjusting PV active component layout, can change to troop on widthIn the number of parallel VMJ solar cell). In one aspect, side group collection 8582₁And 8582₃Comprise K=3 capable 8585₁To 8585₃，And every a line has M=8 PV element, and center troops 8580₂Can be K=2 capable, for example PV active component wide 8595₁And 8595₂。Troop 8582₁To 8582₃Be connected in parallel by electric wire or positive voltage bus 8590.

In exemplary configuration sight 8500,8530 and 8580 and in utilization, be connected in series PV active component (for example, the VMJ in stringSolar cell) arbitrary configuration in, the PV element that the performance of trooping is had lowest performance affects, because of for this kind of element be to be connected in seriesIn electric current output bottleneck, for example, electric current output is reduced to the electric current output of the poorest PV active component of performance. Therefore, be Optimal performance,The string of PV active component can based on be roughly similar to solar energy collector system those expection normal operating conditions condition (for example, rippleLong and aggregation intensity) under the performance characterization that carries out in test envelope can be currents match.

In addition, can geometric ways arrange current the string of coupling produce to optimize electric power. For instance, for example, when three string (, row 8565₁To 8565₃) be connected in parallel to form while trooping middle string (for example, row 8565₂) can comprise the active unit of currents match PV of peak performancePart, because middle string may be positioned the light beam of collection or the optimum position of optical imagery that focus on. In addition top string (for example, 8565,₁）Can be the second string of putting up the best performance, and bottom string (for example, 8565₃) can be the 3rd string of putting up the best performance. In this kind of layout, when describedWhen image upward displacement, described top and middle string can be completely illuminated, and bottom string may partly be irradiated, thereby provide than focusing onLight beam image high electric power output while being shifted downwards, in the middle of therefore irradiating completely and bottom string and top string is partly irradiated. When PV activeRoughly all cluster configurations of element (for example, VMJ battery) are that the poor PV active component of performance is arranged in bottom line, behaves oneself bestWhen battery is arranged in the centre of described layout and the inferior element behaving oneself best and is positioned at top string, for example can adopt, for (, adjusting collector panel7130₁To 7130₄) position for example, adjust it with the tracing system system of the position of sun-tracing (, system 8700) at least in partIn collector panel or the configuration of reflector, make light beam focusedimage in collector operating period for example, towards receiver (, 7120_γ）Top displacement in case make electricity output maximum-for example, centre and top row in preferential illumination configuration 8530. In addition or or, can adoptDescribed tracing system is for example adjusted the position of collector panel wherein or reflector, so that the PV therein in PV module (, 7810)Element is not currents match or otherwise makes in the sight of coupling energy conversion performance or electricity output maximum.

Should be appreciated that, the battery sizes (for example, length and width) of configuration or pattern or PV active component and shape are not limited to Figure 15 A and arriveIllustrated those sizes and shape or general those sizes and the shape of discussing above in Figure 15 C. Solar cell size and shapeCan change to be matched with by various may speculums or the light pattern of the gathering that produces of reflector, structure. In addition the layout of PV element or join,Put and can be straight line, square, bowknot, arc or other pattern to utilize specific characteristic or the aspect of described PV element; For instance,The one chip of VMJ solar cell, the characteristic of axial orientation.

Figure 16 A illustrates the change that makes it possible to active correction institute focused beam acts light pattern according to aspect described herein to Figure 16 BTwo exemplary cluster configurations of PV battery. Exemplary cluster configurations 8600 and 8650 make it possible to the collected daylight of passive adjustment gatherVariation on burnt pattern (it is represented by shaded block 8605). In exemplary configuration 8600, troop 8610 for three₁To 8610₃At the sunCan for example, in the initial configuration of collector (, 7100), be irradiated by the light beam 8605 of the collection focusing on. The electricity output that each is trooped is electrically connected to+ V(for example ,+200V) voltage bus 8676. Equally, electric wire 8677 is for sharing negative voltage bus. Substitute at one or moreIn embodiment or configuration, be accomplished to the connection of bus 8626 by block diode; For instance, the configuration 8680 in Figure 16 CIn, respectively in bus 8626 and module 8610₁、8610₂And 1610₃Output between insert block diode 8684,1886 and 8688.The current reflux that block diode can stop bus 8626 is to for non-functional or the PV of perform poor (because of internal fault or lack irradiation)In trooping. Each is trooped and comprises two row (M=2) of eight (N=8) PV elements. Occurring after variation, for example, structural change or faultCondition starts (for example, the breakage of reflecting element (for example, 7205)), and the light beam 8605 focusing on can at once arrive displacement to receiveDevice (for example, 7120₁) on; As by graphic to open arrow illustrated, the institute's focus pattern 8605 that can be shifted to one side and therefore itsCan stop irradiating and troop 8610₁In first pair of 8615PV active component being connected in parallel. For preventing lacking because of first pair of 8615PV elementThe thing followed open loop state irradiating and cause, can troop 8610 with PV₃Be adjacent to put additional or redundancy to PV battery 8620 and willIts with to 8615 in parallel electrical connections; Electrical connection is illustrated by electric wire 8622 and 8624. Correspondingly, add 8620 irradiation is causedTroop 8610₁Even closed circuit configuration and the light beam 8615 that focuses on be subjected to displacement and also keep its power conversion performance.

In exemplary configuration 8650, troop 8610 for three₁To 8610₃For example, in the initial configuration of solar collector (, 7100)Light beam 8605 by the collection focusing on irradiates. Even additional or redundancy battery displacement at the light beam 8605 of the collection focusing on to 8670 permissions(referring to opening arrow) also keeps the performance of module 86603 while causing PV battery not illuminated to 8665. As mentioned above, additional to PV unitPart 8670 and battery cause making it possible to respect to approaching ideal or desirable illuminate condition roughly maintains PV battery to 8665 parallel connection electrical connectionTroop 8660₃Performance close current loop (also referring to Figure 13 A to Figure 13 C). By electric wire 8622 and 8624 realize to 8670 withElectrical connection in 8665. The electricity that each is trooped is for example exported be electrically connected to+V(,+200V) voltage bus 8626; One or one withIn upper alternate embodiment, be accomplished to the connection of bus 1626 by block diode.

In extra or alternate embodiment, additional 8620 output and PV battery are stopped to two utmost points to second between 8615 except being electrically connected onBeyond pipe, can to 8615 with module 8610₁In second pair of PV battery between be electrically connected in series the first block diode. In one aspect,Described the first block diode can be diode 8684, and it can and troop 8610 from bus 8626₁Output disconnect and again connect as describedConnect. It should be noted that the second block diode is the diode except diode 8684,8686 and 8688. When normal irradiation troops 8610₁To 8610₃Time, for example, collected day light pattern 8605 these three of coverings are trooped, and the first block diode of inserting does not affect and troops8610₁Or whole three operation of trooping PV module. As mentioned above, balancing cell 8620 is in the OR that prevents open loop state arranges and to 8615Be electrically connected it. In the time that PV battery is not illuminated to 8615 displacements because of focused on light pattern 8605, the first block diode prevents electricityFlow back to and flow to 8615(because it performs poor or undesirable condition), and the second block diode allows electric current output to enter 8620 from additionalKeep illuminated and (and therefore trooping 8610₁Inside work) PV battery in. Can realize and comprise the block diode of configuration in 8650Similar embodiment. But, in this kind of embodiment, can troop 8610₃In first (Far Left) PV battery pair with described in troopResidue PV element in be again connected in series after, the first diode is embodied in diode 8688.

It should be noted that for trooping 8610 when VMJ power brick contains₁To 8610₃Time, the large reverse bias breakdown electricity being associated with described VMJ batteryBe pressed in the unnecessary connection that causes bypass diode in the subgroup of the VMJ battery in trooping. But, (lift for the PV element of non-VMJ batteryExample, three-joint solar cell), can in trooping, each PV comprise this type of bypass diode, PV element is alleviated can be because there is eventThe non-operational situation that the PV element of barrier produces.

Because of the maintained degree of passive character-power conversion performance of the PV performance adjustment that roughly the maintained fact produces at least part ofGround is specified with respect to the efficiency of PV element 8615 8620 energy conversion efficiency by additional. Although join thering is single additional right troopingPut and in 8600,8650 and 8680, illustrate passive adjustment, but also can adopt larger additional clusters (for example, two pairs) adapt to gatherThe displacement of defocused laser beam pattern. It should be noted that also and can in the configuration with block diode, utilize with described roughly the same mode aboveLarge redundancy pair. In one aspect, for power conversion can comprise balancing cell 8620 and 8670 by one group of PV PV module forming of trooping,The displacement of the light pattern being focused on to adapt on the both direction of the axle along described pattern. In addition, can troop 8610₁、8610₂Or 8610₃Near substitute or additional positions in to put additional or redundancy PV battery passive when the alternative orientation superior displacement with the pattern 8605 being focused onGround correct operation. Should be appreciated that, comprise that one or several additional or redundancy PV battery is to the operation that can allow to keep larger PV battery to troop;As described, single additional PV element is to protecting the whole module of N × M element.

Figure 17 be according to aspect described herein make it possible to adjust its solar collector or reflector panel position so that described inThe block diagram of the exemplary adjustment System 8700 of the performance metric maximum of solar collector. Adjustment System 8700 comprises can be to Control Component 8740Supply the monitor assemblies 8720 of the operating data of described solar collector, solar collector or its described in described Control Component capable of regulatingThe position of one or more parts is to make the performance metric maximum extracting from described operating data. Control Component 8740(for example, canFor the computer related entity of hardware, firmware or software or its arbitrary combination) can realize (for example, one of solar collector or its partOr one for example, with top panel (7130₁To 7130₄) or one or more reflector group components 7135) tracking or the adjustment of position.In one aspect, this kind of tracking comprises at least one in the following: (i) receive by measuring or be linked into Local or Remote databaseCollection data, (ii) activation motor to be to adjust the position of the element in solar collector, or (iii) reports the situation of solar collector,For example power conversion performance metric (for example, output current, the heat that transmits ...), the response of controlled element and arbitrary type roughlyDiagnosis. Should be appreciated that, Control Component 8740 can in adjustment assembly 8710 inside or in its outside, described adjustment assembly itself can be central typeOr distributed system, and can be embodied in the computer that can comprise processor unit, data and system bus architecture and memory stores device.

Monitor assemblies 8720 can be collected the data that are associated with the performance of solar collector and described data are fed to performance metric and be producedRaw device assembly 8725(is in this article also referred to as performance metric generator 8725), described performance metric generator assembly ground at least partlyCarry out assessed for performance tolerance in described data. Performance metric can comprise in electric current output, the heat energy generation etc. of energy conversion efficiency, power conversionAt least one. Diagnotic module 8735 can receive the situation of produced performance metric values and report solar collector. In one aspect,Granularity based on collected operating data is come with various grade report situations at least in part; For instance, for the group with in PV moduleThe data that collection grade is collected, diagnotic module 8735 can described in the grade report situation of trooping. Reported situation can be stored in to memoryIn 8760, to produce historical operation data, described historical operation data can be used for producing operation trend.

Performance metric based on produced at least in part, Control Component 1740 can drive actuator assembly 8745 to adjust solar energy collectingDevice or its parts (for example, are deployed in one or more reflections in one or more panels that form described solar collectorDevice) at least one. Control Component 8740 can be closing in feedback control loop drive actuator assembly 8745 repeatedly, so that one or oneAbove performance metric maximum: repeatedly locating each time of the position correction being realized by actuator 8745, Control Component 8740 can be with believingNumber notice monitor assemblies 8720 collect operating data and feed back described data with further activation point adjustment until performance metric makes us fullMeaning ground is in predetermined tolerance limit, and for example acceptability can threshold value. Should be appreciated that, the position adjustment being realized by adjustment System 8700 relates to so that the sunThe mode of the performance maximum of energy collector focuses on collected daylight in described collector. In one aspect, as mentioned above, forTop row in trooping comprises the PV module of the array that shows good PV element, and tracing system 8700 can be configured to alleviate lightThe image that bundle focuses on for example, is held in high output scope to guarantee operation towards the displacement of the bottom section of receiver (, 7120).

Adjust PV element in assembly 8710 one or more PV modules that also can allow to utilize in solar collector 8705 orThe automatic electric that PV element is trooped reconfigures. At least for this purpose, in one aspect, monitor assemblies 8720 can collect operating data andProduce one or more performance metrics. The performance metric that monitor assemblies 8720 can produce one or more is transported to controlAssembly 8740, one or more that one or more reconfigurable and produced performance metrics of described Control Component are associatedElectrical connectivity in multiple PV elements of trooping is to maintain the performance of being wanted of solar collector 8705. Aspect in, can be by via prisonThe continuous collection performance data of visual organ assembly 8720 repeatedly completes electricity and reconfigures. For electricity configuration or reconfigure described one or one withOn the logic (not shown) of described multiple PV elements of trooping can be stored in memory 8760. In one aspect, Control Component 8740Can be by configuration component 8747(its can at least connect each PV element in described multiple PV element and at least turn-off described multiple PV unitEach PV element in part) realize the electricity configuration of described multiple PV elements or reconfigure, or each yuan in described multiple PV elementsIn part, producing extra or replacement circuit footpath provides the favourable electricity of target capabilities to arrange to obtain to provide or approach. Substitute at one or moreIn embodiment, can mechanically implement reconfiguring of described multiple PV elements by each PV element in mobile multiple PV elements.At least one advantage automatically reconfiguring of PV module in solar collector 8705 is to incite somebody to action in the situation that getting involved without operatorOperating characteristics is maintained at essence and wants grade; Therefore, adjust assembly 8710 and cause solar collector 8705 self-healings.

Example system 8700 comprise be configured to give and its give at least in part adjust assembly 8710 and assembly wherein or withOne or more processors 8750 of institute's representation function of its assembly being associated. Except uniprocessor and multiple processor structure etc.,Processor 8750 can comprise the various ways of realization of computing element, as on-the-spot gating programmable array, special IC and have processing energyRoughly arbitrary chipset of power. Should be appreciated that, each in one or more processors 8750 can be centralised element or distributed unitPart. In addition, processor 8750 can by bus functionality be coupled to and adjust assembly 8710 and assembly wherein and memory 8760, instituteState bus and can comprise at least one in system bus, address bus, data/address bus or memory bus. Processor 8750 can be carried out storageCode command (not shown) in memory 8760 or other memory is to provide the described functional of example system 8700. This type ofCode command can comprise the whole bag of tricks implemented described in the application case and functional relevant to example system 8700 at least in partProgram module or software or the firmware application of connection.

Except code command or logic in order to realize supervision and control, memory 1860 can be measured report, solar energy collecting by retentionThe daily record through adjustment position of device, the timestamp that institute's enforcing location is proofreaied and correct etc.

Figure 18 A to Figure 18 B represent according to aspect described herein utilize broad collector day optical receiver 8800 embodiment completeDifferent view. As illustrated, a day optical receiver 8800 comprises PV module 8810 groups, and each PV module has and is just illustrated asOne group of square PV troops; Each group PV troops and joins channelizing collector 1240 к, wherein к=1,2,3,4 to. Channelizing collector8200₁To 8200₄Be fastened to guider 8820, described guider is attached to supporting construction 8825 or the part for described supporting construction,Described supporting construction can be coupled to support mast, and for example 7130; There is square sectional although be illustrated as, can be by supporting construction8825 are fabricated to and have disparate cross section. Channelizing collector 8200₁To 8200₄Can extract heat from PV module 8810 groups. In addition day,Optical receiver 8800 comprises that the open guider 8820(that collects is also referred to as guider 8820), it has the lateral section (Figure 18 A) of opening graduallyAnd rectangular top cross section (Figure 18 B); Guider 8820 can be by metal, pottery or through coated ceramic or founding materials or in electromagnetic radiationIn visible spectrum, roughly arbitrary solid-state material of tool high reflection is made. The outer surface that it should be noted that guider 8820 can be coated with thermoelectricity materialMaterial is for power conversion (as the byproduct of the heating of the guider causing because of incident daylight). As mentioned above, produce in thermoelectricity modeElectricity can supplement PV module 8810 electricity produce. In addition, guider 8820 can comprise pars intramuralis or the embedding at guider 8820 conventionallyOne or more conduits 8815 in guider 8820, described conduit can allow the circulation of fluid to gather in the crops for heat; Circular flowBody can be circulation at least a portion through the fluid of channelizing heat collection device 8200 к.

The advantage of described broadness-collector receiver be incident in that light in the inwall of broad guider 8820 is reflected in Multi-instance andScattering, and therefore in PV module 8810 groups, produce the homogenising of light incident. It should be noted that daylight directly strikes against PV module 8810In or can be reflected at the inside place of guider 8820 and scattering and again being collected after one or more continuous scattering events. ?The angle forming in the main side of guider 8820 and by channelizing collector 8200₁To 8200₄The platform forming can specify at least in partThe uniformity of gained light incident in PV module 8810.

Figure 19 shows the exemplary alternate embodiment of utilizing the solar receiver 8900 of broad collector according to aspect described herein.Guider 8820(shows with cross sectional view) be attached to one group of two heat collection device or heat conveying element 8920₁And 8920₂; Described heatEach in collector of amount comprises the channelizing structure roughly the same with 8210, and therefore with channelizing heat collection device 8200 roughlyIdentical mode operates. As mentioned above, guider 8820 comprises that the circulation that allows fluid is for the cooling or heat collection of described guiderConduit 8930. Equally, heat collection device 8920₁And 8920₂There is the conduit 8940 that allows cooling fluid to pass through, described cooling fluidFurther realize refrigeration and heat results. Heat conveying element 8920₁And 8920₂Be fastened to for the part of supporting construction 8915Fagging 8917. Although illustrate two heat collection devices 8920₁And 8920₂, but in broad collector 8900, can exist additional heat to receiveStorage, as allowed by the size of gripper shoe 8917. Bolt or be fastened to heat collection device 8910₁And 8920₁Be one group of three PV module8140. Should be appreciated that each in described PV module and the thermo-contact of heat collection device; But, its do not join on heat collection device andTo be fastened to described heat collection device (referring to Figure 11) by clamp structure included in PV module. In addition, can dispose extra PV mouldPiece 8140, as by as described in the spatial limitation that applies of each size in heat collection device permitted. As mentioned above, broad collector orReceiver 8900 allow light approach be distributed to equably in PV module 8400 and make it possible to gather in the crops heat energy. In addition, can safeguard separately or replaceChange each in put PV module 8400, wherein running cost and maintenance cost decrease.

Figure 20 illustrates the lip-deep light to PV module 8810 causing because of the multiple reflections on the inner surface of guider 8820 and entersThe ray trace simulation 9000 of penetrating. In described simulation, within the scope of predetermined angle, the light ray 9005(of random orientation shows as solid line) courtDirected to described broad collector, be shown as appearance profile 9030 and 9020, and can arrive PV module, be modeled as district 9010. IncidentThe collection (for example, in arrival mode, the accumulation of the surperficial ray of PV module, as illustrated in district 9010) of event makes it possible to produceThe raw institute's analog detector profile at least appearing to sxemiquantitative. Figure 21 presents in broadness-collector receiver with guider 2020The analog image 9110 of the light that collect at PV module 8810 places. Institute's analog image of collected light appears inwall place many of guider 8820Individual reflection provides roughly light uniformly to collect, and it can reduce the complexity that in PV module 8810, PV battery is trooped.

In view of above-mentioned example system and element, with reference to Figure 22, to the flow chart in Figure 23, can more preferably understand can be according to disclosed markThing implement exemplary methods. As indicated above, for simplifying the object of explaining, exemplary methods is presented and be described as a series ofAction; But, should understand and understand, the order that the subject matter of describing and asking is not moved limits, because some actions can be withThe different order of order shown and that describe occurs and/or occurs with other action simultaneously herein. For instance, should understand and understand,Can be a series of state or events (for example,, in state diagram or mutual chart) of being mutually related by method replacing representation. In addition implement,May not need all illustrated actions according to the exemplary methods of this description. In addition, should be further appreciated that below and thisThe method that description disclosed in the whole text can be stored on goods or computer-readable media to promote the method to transport and be sent to computerFor carrying out, and therefore implement or be stored in memory for processor.

In particular, Figure 22 presents for utilizing paraboloid to carry out the stream of gathered light for the exemplary methods 9200 of power conversionCheng Tu. At action 9210 places, assembling paraboloid. Assembling comprises that the ribs of the difference size by being attached to brace summer will be originallySmooth reflecting element (for example, thin glass reflector) is bent into parabola cross section or runs through shape. In one aspect, original flatReflecting material is being rectangle and the described brace summer long-axis orientation along described rectangle in shape. Can adopt various materials and attachment members (to compriseThe integrated option of ribs and beam) carry out large-scale production or assemble described paraboloid.

At action 9220 places, in support frame, install multiple through assembling paraboloid array. Included through assembling in every an arrayThe number of paraboloid depends on the size of wanting of solar collection area at least in part, can be at first by set for collected lightEffectiveness determine described size. In addition, the size of array is also collected in the light beam figure on the focal track in receiver at least in partCase the uniformity of wanting impact. Conventionally obtain the uniformity of increase by less array size. In one aspect of the invention, parabolicFace reflector is positioned to sentence apart from the same focal length of receiver the uniformity that increases collected light pattern.

At action 9230 places, adjust the position of each reflector in described multiple array to optimize the light beam being gathered on receiver. Can beWhile disposing solar collector or while utilization, implement described adjustment in test phase or in production model. In addition, when at least part of groundDescribed in the correlated performance metric operations producing in measured operating data and from described data, can carry out adjustment when solar collector. AdjustConventionally target is to obtain the even collected light pattern on described receiver, and described receiver comprises the PV module for power conversion. RemoveBeyond uniformity, adjust described light pattern with focusing effect roughly for example, in described PV active component (, the solar cell in PV module)Upper to increase the performance of described module. Can be via being installed in solar collector or being functionally coupled to chasing after of described solar collectorTrack system automatically performs described adjustment. This automated system can increase the complexity of receiver because will in described receiver, install withThe circuit that Control Component and measurement of correlation device are associated is followed the trail of or is optimized to implement. But, the performance of increase that can be by PV module (because ofThe best daylight that keeps reflector in described array is assembled configuration and is caused) offset the cost being associated with the complexity increasing.

At action 9240 places, on described receiver, configure photovoltaic module according to the pattern of the institute's gathered light in described receiver. At thisIn bright one side, due to the torsion distortion of the defect on the reflecting surface of reflector, reflecting surface and being associated of catoptrical patternAt least one on distortion, reflecting surface in the accumulation of stain etc., even if the best configuration of institute's installation paraboloid also can cause focusing onThe inhomogeneous shape of the beam pattern on described receiver. Correspondingly, can for example, by (, VMJ, the film string of the PV battery in PV moduleConnect solar cell, three-joint solar cell or nano-structured solar cell) be arranged to there is trooping or unit (Figure 15 A of disparate shapeTo Figure 15 C) to increase the exposure to collected light and therefore increase power conversion performance. In addition, configuring described PV module can comprisePut additional PV element (for example, 1620 or 1670) to proofread and correct passively displacement or the distortion of pattern of collected light.

At action 9250 places, hot harvesting apparatus is installed on described receiver and collects by light the heat being produced to collect. In the present inventionOne side in, described hot harvesting apparatus can be and makes Fluid Circulation to collect and to transport in the flexible metal(lic) conduit of heat or channelizing collector extremelyFew one. In another aspect, described heat energy harvesting apparatus can be and converts heat to electricity to supplement the thermoelectric device of photovoltaic energy conversion.

Figure 23 be according to aspect described herein in order to the position of adjusting solar collector to realize the exemplary methods of pre-determined characteristics9300 flow chart. Can for example, by adjusting assembly (, 8710) or wherein processor or the processor that is functionally coupled to it are implementedTarget exemplary methods 9300. Although illustrate for solar collector, exemplary methods 9300 can through implement forAdjust the position of one or more paraboloids. At action 9310 places, by measuring or at least one from database retrievalCollect the performance data of solar collector, described database comprises current and historical operation data. At action 9320 places, described in reportThe situation of solar collector. At action 9330 places, produce performance metric based on described collected performance data at least in part. PropertyEnergy is measured at least one in electric current output, the heat energy generation etc. that can comprise energy conversion efficiency, power conversion. In addition, can be for PV mouldA cohort collection of PV element in piece, for single troop or for troop interior one group one or more form PV element and produce performanceTolerance. At action 9340 places, whether assess performance tolerance is satisfactory. What in one aspect, this kind of evaluation can be based on described performance metricOne group one or more define threshold value in advance, and wherein gratifying performance metric is defined as the property higher than one or more threshold valuesCan; Can set up described group of one or more threshold values by administering the operator of solar collector.

In the time that to evaluate action 9340 result instruction performance metric be gratifying, flow leading is further to carry out to action 9310Performance data is collected. In one aspect, for example, after scheduled wait cycle (, one hour, 12 hours, one day) passage can be by flow processReboot action 9310. In another aspect, before flow leading is arrived to action 9310, can be to operator's transport messages (exampleAs, via terminating machine or computer), thus whether inquiry needs further performance data to collect. When the result of evaluating action 2340 appearsPerformance metric is unsatisfactory or during lower than one or more threshold values, in action, 9350 places adjust the position of solar collectors and will flowJourney reboots action 9310 to carry out further Data Collection.

As adopted in this manual, term " processor " can refer to roughly arbitrary calculation processing unit or device, including but not limited to bagContaining single core processor, the uniprocessor with the multi-thread executive capability of software, polycaryon processor, there is the multinuclear place of the multi-thread executive capability of softwareReason device, the polycaryon processor with hardware multiwire technology, parallel platform and there is the parallel platform of distributed shared memory. In addition, locateReason device can refer to integrated circuit, special IC (ASIC), digital signal processor (DSP), field programmable gate array (FPGA),Programmable logic controller (PLC) (PLC), complex programmable logic device (CPLD), discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components or itsDesign is used for carrying out arbitrary combination of function described herein. Processor can utilize nano-scale architectures, such as but not limited to based on molecule and quantumTransistor, switch and the door of point, to optimize, space is used or the performance of enhancing subscriber's installation. Also processor can be embodied as to computingThe combination of unit.

In this manual, for example the term such as " storage ", " data storage ", " data storage device ", " database " and with the behaviour of assemblyDo and functional relevant roughly arbitrary out of Memory memory module refer to " memory assembly " or be embodied in entity in " memory " orForm the assembly of described memory. Should be appreciated that, memory assembly as herein described can be volatile memory or nonvolatile memory, orCan comprise volatile memory and nonvolatile memory both.

The infinite mode by illustration, nonvolatile memory can comprise read-only storage (ROM), programming ROM (PROM), electricityProgramming ROM (EPROM), the erasable ROM(EEPROM of electronics) or flash memory. Volatile memory can comprise serves as outside high speedThe random-access memory (ram) of buffer storage. The infinite mode by illustration, RAM can possess various ways perhaps, for example sameStep RAM(SRAM), dynamic ram (DRAM), synchronous dram (SDRAM), Double Data Rate SDRAM(DDRSDRAM), enhancement modeSDRAM(ESDRAM), synchronization link (Synchlink) DRAM(SLDRAM) and direct Ram bus RAM(DRRAM). In addition, originallyThe set memory including but not limited to comprising these and any other adequate types of the system disclosing in literary composition or the memory assembly of method.

Can use standard program and/or engineering design technology that various aspects as herein described or feature are embodied as to a kind of method, equipment or systemProduct. In addition, also can be by being stored in other of the program module carried out in memory and by processor or hardware and software or hardware and firmwareThe various aspects that combination is implemented to disclose in this description. Set the including of term used herein " goods " can be from arbitrary computer-readable dressPut, the computer program of carrier or medium access. For instance, computer-readable media can include but not limited to magnetic storage device (exampleAs, hard disc, floppy disc, magnetic stripe ...), CD (for example, compact disk (CD), digital versatile disc (DVD), Blu-ray disc (BD) ...),Smart card and flash memory device (for example, card, rod, key drive ...).

Specific for by performed various functions such as said modules, device, circuit, systems, unless otherwise directed, otherwise for retouchingState arbitrary assembly (example of the set predetermined function corresponding to the execution assembly of describing of term (comprising quoting " member ") of this class componentAs, functional equivalent), even if it is not structurally equal to the function in the illustrated exemplary aspect of disclosed execution this paperStructure. In this regard, it will also be appreciated that various aspects comprise system and have an action for carrying out the whole bag of tricks and/or eventThe computer-readable media of computer executable instructions.

" exemplary " used word is used for meaning " as example, example or illustration " herein. Be described as appointing of " exemplary " hereinOne side or design all may not be interpreted as compared with other side or be designed to good or favourable. In addition, example is only for order clear and that understandAnd provide and not intend and limit the present invention or its relevant portion with either type. Should be appreciated that, can present numerous extra or alternative real originallyExample, but for simple and clear object by its omission.

Content as described above comprises example of the present invention. Certainly, can not each assembly or side be described for describing object of the present inventionThe combination that each of method can be conceived, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that to there is many other combinations of the present invention and arrangement.Correspondingly, the present invention is set includes all this type of and still belongs to change, amendment and the variation in spirit and the scope of appended claims.In addition, " comprise (includes) " with regard to this detailed description or terminology in claims, the mode that comprises of described term is setWhen being similar to term and " comprising (comprising) " be used as adversative in claims, " comprising (comprising) " is by what explainLike that.

Claims (7)

1. a solar collector, is characterized in that it comprises:

Multiple paraboloid arrays, wherein each paraboloid comprises via the one group of ribs bending grooving that is attached to frame beamThe reflecting element of shape;

More than one receiver, it collects light from described multiple paraboloid arrays, and described receiver comprises the light for power conversionAt least one in volt module or heat energy harvesting system, described photovoltaic module comprises one group of photovoltaic cell troops, and it is through arranging with best land productivityWith described multiple paraboloid arrays collection light; And

Adjustment System, it is in order to optimize described more than one each receiver of collecting light from described multiple paraboloid arraysIn the light intensity distributions of pattern of collected light so that the performance metric maximum of described solar collector, wherein said performance metric is electricityCan produce or heat energy aborning at least one;

Each in trooping of wherein said photovoltaic cell is trooped and is comprised to be connected in series of electric coupling with up multiple photovoltaic cells, instituteState one with at least one the photovoltaic active component that comprises currents match in up described multiple photovoltaic cells, wherein said photovoltaic is activeElement is the performance characterization that carries out in test facilities and currents match under the operation site condition based in simulation at least in part.

2. solar collector according to claim 1, is characterized in that wherein said photovoltaic cell each institute of trooping in troopingState that photovoltaic cell comprises solar cells made of crystalline silicon, crystallization germanium solar cells, solar cell based on copper gallium selenium or based on CISAt least one of solar cell.

3. solar collector according to claim 2, is characterized in that wherein said group of photovoltaic cell each photovoltaic electric in troopingPond be one chip and along perpendicular to the specific axis of the plane that contains described photovoltaic module orientation.

4. in order to a method for assembling solar collector, it is characterized in that described method comprises:

Assemble parabolic reflector by a part for planar reflective material being bent to groove shape via the one group of ribs that is attached to frame beamDevice;

Be installed in support frame through assembling paraboloid array multiple;

Adjust the position of each paraboloid in described multiple array to optimize the beam pattern being collected on receiver, wherein saidThe described position that adjustment action comprises each paraboloid of automatic tracing is so that the fluctuation minimum of the pattern of described collected light beam; And

On described receiver, configure photovoltaic module according to the pattern of the institute's gathered light in described receiver;

On described receiver, configure photovoltaic module according to the pattern of the institute's gathered light in described receiver and be further included in disparate one-element groupIn the described photovoltaic module of concentrating, arrange one group of photovoltaic cell to increase the exposure of described group of photovoltaic cell to collected light.

5. the method in order to assembling solar collector according to claim 4, is characterized in that it is further included in described receptionHot harvesting apparatus is installed on device and is collected by light the heat being produced to collect.

6. the method in order to assembling solar collector according to claim 4, is characterized in that each parabolic reflector of automatic tracingThe described position of device is so that the fluctuation minimum of the pattern of described collected light beam comprises at least one in the following: by measuring or accessingCollect data to Local or Remote database; Activation motor is to adjust the position of the element in described solar collector; Or described in reportThe situation of solar collector.

7. the method in order to assembling solar collector according to claim 4, is characterized in that the wherein said disparate unit bag of troopingContaining to be connected in series of electric coupling with up multiple photovoltaic cells.