CN103093400A - Adjacent building safety quantitative evaluation method in tunnel construction - Google Patents

Adjacent building safety quantitative evaluation method in tunnel construction Download PDF

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CN103093400A
CN103093400A CN2013100266848A CN201310026684A CN103093400A CN 103093400 A CN103093400 A CN 103093400A CN 2013100266848 A CN2013100266848 A CN 2013100266848A CN 201310026684 A CN201310026684 A CN 201310026684A CN 103093400 A CN103093400 A CN 103093400A
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safety
buildings
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CN103093400B (en
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吴贤国
张立茂
曹靖
瞿海周
蒋雪
李树琴
周格迁
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of engineering risk evaluation, and particularly relates to an adjacent building safety quantitative evaluation method in tunnel construction. The adjacent building safety quantitative evaluation method in the tunnel construction mainly comprises the following steps of step 1, building an evaluation index system, step 2, building a standard extensible cloud model of evaluation indexes, step 3, computing and obtaining a weight matrix of the evaluation indexes through a subjective and objective weighting method, step 4, computing a relevancy matrix of a to-be-evaluated object through cloud relevancy computing, and obtaining a safety evaluation grade of the to-be-evaluated object through a weighted average method and combination of an evaluation index weighted value and the relevancy matrix, and step 5, measuring the reliability of safety evaluation grade. The adjacent building safety quantitative evaluation method in the tunnel construction combines advantages of a cloud model and an extensible theory, and provides effective decision support advices for protection and control of an adjacent building of different safety grades.

Description

Close to buildings method for quantitatively evaluating safety in a kind of constructing tunnel
Technical field
The invention belongs to the Engineering Risk Assessment field, be specially close to buildings method for quantitatively evaluating safety in a kind of constructing tunnel.
Background technology
Constructing tunnel will inevitably produce certain disturbance to surrounding soil, thereby causes soil deformation and ground settlement, and is especially comparatively obvious to the security implication performance of close to buildings.Move when the stratum and will cause the accidents such as land subsidence and surrounding building infringement when surpassing certain limit with earth's surface distortion, cause serious economic loss and bad social influence.Especially for the Urban underground Tunnel engineering, generally all pass through the area, down town, intensive because of buildings, the construction site is narrow and small, geological condition is complicated, underground pipe network is densely covered, heavy traffic is restricted, and more needs strictly to control constructing tunnel to the infringement of close to buildings.Therefore, carry out constructing tunnel to the safety analysis of close to buildings and estimate and to control tool for the protection of close to buildings and be of great significance.
Existing integrated evaluating method can be summarized as following three classes substantially: based on the method for fuzzy mathematics theory, as Fuzzy AHP; The method of Based on Probability Principle of Statistics is as Close-value Method, fault tree analysis process etc.; Based on the evaluation method of intelligent algorithm, as neural network, support vector machine, genetic algorithm and rough set method etc.Generally, these evaluation methods differ from one another, and important reference effect has been played in safety analysis and the evaluation of close to buildings in tunnel construction environment.But, the factors such as uncertainty that are subjected to history to sum up the limitation of the imperfection of data, expertise, experience judge and expression affect, the classification of evaluation index is divided has larger ambiguity and randomness, existing achievement in research fails to provide its effective and reasonable expression mostly, has reduced to a certain extent the confidence level of evaluation result.
Cloud model is probabilistic transformation model between a kind of qualitative knowledge description and quantitative value, it combines ambiguity and randomness, realized the uncertainty conversion between qualitativing concept and its quantificational expression, about ambiguity and the randomness of qualitativing concept, obtained effective utilization in the representation of knowledge, data mining and field of intelligent control in can the effective expression human knowledge.The knowledge representation of cloud model and uncertain inference provide new thinking for safety analysis and the evaluation of close to buildings in tunnel construction environment.Meanwhile, can open up theoretical [0,1] Extending with fuzzy set and arrive (∞, on+∞) real number axis, it is objective to estimate, calculating simplicity, and can directly utilize raw data, save the normalized process of data, avoid the information dropout that may occur.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned deficiency; close to buildings method for quantitatively evaluating safety in a kind of constructing tunnel is provided; it combines cloud model and can open up theoretical advantage, and controlling for the protection of the close to buildings of different safety class provides effective decision support suggestion.
For realizing above-mentioned technical purpose, scheme provided by the invention is: close to buildings method for quantitatively evaluating safety in a kind of constructing tunnel comprises the steps.
Step 1 builds assessment indicator system.Merge priori and the engineering experience such as constructing metro tunnel standard criterion, design and construction handbook and scientific and technical literature, sum up and conclude constructing tunnel to the security implication rule of surrounding environment (especially close to buildings), structure comprises the System of Comprehensive Evaluation that represents tunnel correlation parameter, hydrogeological factor, buildings factor and four rule layers of management factors.
Described parameters for tunnel comprises edpth of tunnel, cover across ground loss ratio when; Described hydrogeological factor comprises angle of friction, modulus in compression, cohesive strength and Poisson ratio; Described buildings factor comprises building structure, historical value, the intact present situation of buildings and proximity relations; Described management factors comprises difficulty of construction, management level and monitoring measurement level.
Step 2, the standard that builds evaluation index can be opened up cloud model.According to Data Source and the different in kind of evaluation index, utilization can be opened up theory the raw data of each evaluation index is carried out grade classification; Consider simultaneously randomness and the ambiguity of evaluation index gradational boundary in conjunction with cloud model comprehensively, introduce entropy E nWith super entropy H eThe standard that builds each index can be opened up cloud model.
Step 3 calculates the weight matrix of evaluation index by objective and subjective synthetic approach.The analytical hierarchy process of integrated subjectivity and objective entropy power method are utilized formula Try to achieve the comprehensive weight of evaluation index.Wherein, Expression obtains the weighted value of every evaluation index by analytical hierarchy process,
Figure 788583DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Expression obtains the weighted value of every evaluation index by entropy power method.
Step 4 by the degree of association matrix of cloud calculation of relationship degree object to be evaluated, and draws the safety evaluation grade of object to be evaluated by method of weighted mean in conjunction with the evaluation index weighted value.Utilize cloud degree of association formula
Figure 201110DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
Calculate the degree of association matrix of object to be evaluated, and adopt method of weighted mean to draw the comprehensive safety opinion rating K of object to be evaluated in conjunction with the weighted value of evaluation index.
Step 5, the reliability of measurement safety evaluation grade.Be to eliminate the random uncertainty that exists in computation process., a plurality of results of Safety Integrity Level by obtaining object to be evaluated after m repetitive operation ( K 1, K 2..., K m), calculate the expectation value of trying to achieve the comprehensive safety opinion rating
Figure 163862DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
With
Figure 345445DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
, propose to adopt the confidence in security factor Weigh the reliability of evaluation result.
The present invention has following advantage.
(1) the present invention can directly utilize raw data to carry out the evaluation of objective and fair, saved data normalization processing procedure in the conventional security assessment, information dropout and the subjective factors having avoided occurring disturb, have calculation simple practicality, result and wait accurately and reliably advantage, evaluation has larger reference and promotional value for the Construction of City Tunnel comprehensive safety.
(2) the present invention is by adopting repeatedly double counting to eliminate the random uncertainty that exists in the comprehensive assessment result, and the reliability of evaluation result is weighed in proposition with CF, taken into full account the uncertain boundary condition of engineering practice, meet people to the cognition custom of level of security, have advance and practicality.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is method step schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of assessment indicator system.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
The present embodiment provides close to buildings method for quantitatively evaluating safety in a kind of constructing tunnel, take the safety evaluation of Wuhan subway cross-river tunnel close to buildings along the line as example, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, comprises the steps.
Step 1 builds assessment indicator system.Merge priori and the engineering experience such as constructing metro tunnel standard criterion, design and construction handbook and scientific and technical literature, sum up and conclude constructing tunnel to the security implication rule of surrounding environment (especially close to buildings), as shown in Figure 1, structure comprises the System of Comprehensive Evaluation that represents tunnel correlation parameter, hydrogeological factor, buildings factor and four rule layers of management factors.
Theoretical analysis and a large amount of engineering experiences facts have proved, described parameters for tunnel comprises edpth of tunnel, cover across ground loss ratio when; Described hydrogeological factor comprises angle of friction, modulus in compression, cohesive strength and Poisson ratio; Described buildings factor comprises building structure, historical value, the intact present situation of buildings and proximity relations; Described management factors comprises difficulty of construction, management level and monitoring measurement level.Aforementioned 14 evaluation indexes are divided into respectively [C between 5 safe classes " 1,2,3,4,5 " and corresponding two confining regions thereof min, C max].Level of security is higher, and the safety case of reflection evaluation index is poorer, as shown in table 1.
Table 1 evaluation index safe class is divided and the value scope
Figure 372624DEST_PATH_IMAGE008
Step 2, the standard that builds evaluation index can be opened up cloud model.According to Data Source and the different in kind of evaluation index, utilization can be opened up theory the raw data of each evaluation index is carried out grade classification; The random uncertainty of utilizing simultaneously the boundary value between cloud model reduction evaluation index classification grade confining region to exist.Calculate the expectation value of evaluation index cloud model by the conversion relational expression of interval number and normal cloud model E x, entropy E n, super entropy H eThe standard normal cloud model computing formula of every evaluation index as the formula (1).In formula (1), s is constant, can adjust according to probabilistic actual conditions of corresponding evaluation index preferred 0.002.Therefore obtain the standard normal cloud model of 14 safety evaluation indexs of constructing tunnel close to buildings, result is as shown in table 2,
Figure 938735DEST_PATH_IMAGE009
(1)。
Table 2 evaluation index standard normal cloud model
Figure 178086DEST_PATH_IMAGE010
Step 3 calculates the weight matrix of evaluation index by objective and subjective synthetic approach.Obtain every evaluation index by analytical hierarchy process
Figure 538660DEST_PATH_IMAGE011
Weighted value be
Figure 925779DEST_PATH_IMAGE012
, be used for reflecting the subjective judgement of estimating the expert.Simultaneously, the weighted value that obtains by entropy power method is , be used for reflecting the intrinsic information of each evaluation object.By formula (2), both merging are become a comprehensive weight value
Figure 123859DEST_PATH_IMAGE013
All weighted value result of calculation consists of the weight matrix of every evaluation index W, as the formula (3),
Figure 920914DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
(2),
(3)。
Step 4 by the degree of association matrix of cloud calculation of relationship degree object to be evaluated, and draws the safety evaluation grade of object to be evaluated by method of weighted mean in conjunction with the evaluation index weighted value.Object to be evaluated is used PExpression, p i (i=1,2 ... n) be object to be evaluated PAbout iThe item evaluation index c i Value, i.e. the actual value of each index of object to be evaluated, as the formula (4).The iItem index measured value p i Can be regarded as a water dust, itself and this index is positioned at jThe normal state of level security grade can open up cloud model ( E xij, E nij, H eij) between the degree of association use q ij( i=1,2,3 ..., n; j=1,2,3,4,5) expression, computing formula as the formula (5).Wherein, E nij' be with E xijBe expectation value, with H eijRandom number for Normal Distribution that standard deviation produces. QThe degree of association matrix that represents object to be evaluated, as the formula (6),
Figure 640925DEST_PATH_IMAGE015
(4),
Figure 589290DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
(5),
Figure 557246DEST_PATH_IMAGE016
(6)。
Weight matrix in conjunction with each index of security assessment WAnd the degree of association matrix of object to be evaluated Q, the comprehensive evaluation that can obtain object to be evaluated by formula (7) is vectorial BUtilize method of weighted mean to draw the comprehensive safety opinion rating K of object to be evaluated, its computing formula as the formula (8).Wherein,
Figure 591061DEST_PATH_IMAGE017
For object to be evaluated is in safe class jEstimate to get score value, the mark of safe class 1 ~ 5 correspondence value successively is 1,2,3,4,5,
Figure 302665DEST_PATH_IMAGE018
(7),
Figure 105536DEST_PATH_IMAGE019
(8)。
Step 5, the reliability of measurement safety evaluation grade.The degree of association matrix of object to be evaluated QHave certain randomness in computation process, through the comprehensive safety opinion rating that can try to achieve object to be evaluated after m repetitive operation present a plurality of results ( K 1, K 2..., K m).The m value is generally by experience desirable 1000.Use respectively formula (9) and (10) to calculate the expectation value of trying to achieve the comprehensive safety opinion rating
Figure 244393DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
With Wherein,
Figure 6431DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
Can represent the average level of object comprehensive safety opinion rating to be evaluated,
Figure 991705DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
Be the measurement to the assessment result dispersion degree, the larger evaluation result of its value is overstepping the bounds of propriety loose.Propose to adopt CF to weigh the reliability of evaluation result, its computing formula as the formula (11).Be worth greatlyr, the central tendency of expression evaluation result is more obvious, and confidence level is just larger, otherwise the confidence level of evaluation result is less,
Figure 239146DEST_PATH_IMAGE020
(9),
Figure 309871DEST_PATH_IMAGE021
(10),
(11)。
Investigate and analyse for 10 contiguous tunnel construction things of Wuhan cross-river tunnel line of project, according to the comprehensive safety assessment indicator system that preamble builds, the evaluation index actual value of tunnel 10 close to buildings along the line is as shown in table 3.
The evaluation index actual value of table 3 Wuhan cross-river tunnel close to buildings along the line
Figure 78423DEST_PATH_IMAGE022
According to abovementioned steps, the comprehensive safety evaluation grade of Wuhan cross-river tunnel 10 solitary buildings along the line and the result of calculation of CF thereof are as shown in table 4.From risk ranking, the risk that 9#, 10# buildings exist in tunnel construction environment is quite high, need to cause the enough attention of construction party, and takes corresponding reinforcement measure, formulates emergency preplan and monitoring and early warning measure.Simultaneously, the CF θ of each solitary building comprehensive evaluation grade result shows that all extremely near 1 the confidence level of evaluation result is higher, has further proved accuracy and the reliability of safe evaluation method proposed by the invention.
Table 4 Wuhan cross-river tunnel buildings Safety Integrity Level along the line and reliability assessment result
Figure 559083DEST_PATH_IMAGE023
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the technology of the present invention principle; can also make some improvement and modification, these improve and modification also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. close to buildings method for quantitatively evaluating safety in a constructing tunnel, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
Step 1 builds assessment indicator system;
Step 2, the standard that builds evaluation index can be opened up cloud model;
Step 3 calculates the weight matrix of evaluation index by objective and subjective synthetic approach;
Step 4 by the degree of association matrix of cloud calculation of relationship degree object to be evaluated, and draws the safety evaluation grade of object to be evaluated by method of weighted mean in conjunction with the evaluation index weighted value;
Step 5, the reliability of measurement safety evaluation grade.
2. close to buildings method for quantitatively evaluating safety in a kind of constructing tunnel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the evaluation index described in step 1 comprises parameters for tunnel, hydrogeological factor, buildings factor and management factors.
3. close to buildings method for quantitatively evaluating safety in a kind of constructing tunnel according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described parameters for tunnel comprises edpth of tunnel, cover across ground loss ratio when; Described hydrogeological factor comprises angle of friction, modulus in compression, cohesive strength and Poisson ratio; Described buildings factor comprises building structure, historical value, the intact present situation of buildings and proximity relations; Described management factors comprises difficulty of construction, management level and monitoring measurement level.
4. close to buildings method for quantitatively evaluating safety in a kind of constructing tunnel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: it is to utilize to open up theoretical evaluation index to be carried out grade classification that the standard described in step 2 can be opened up cloud model, and defines the evaluation index gradational boundary after estimating randomness and ambiguity in conjunction with cloud model by entropy En and super entropy He.
5. close to buildings method for quantitatively evaluating safety in a kind of constructing tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the objective and subjective synthetic approach described in step 3 is the analytical hierarchy process of integrated subjectivity and objective entropy power method, utilizes formula
Figure 781063DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
Obtain the comprehensive weight of evaluation index, wherein,
Figure 782386DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Expression obtains the weighted value of every evaluation index by analytical hierarchy process,
Figure 604849DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
Expression obtains the weighted value of every evaluation index by entropy power method.
6. close to buildings method for quantitatively evaluating safety in a kind of constructing tunnel according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the formula of the degree of association of cloud described in step 4 is
Figure 871882DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
7. close to buildings method for quantitatively evaluating safety in a kind of constructing tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: step 5 be specially by a plurality of results of Safety Integrity Level of obtaining object to be evaluated after m repetitive operation ( K 1, K 2..., K m), calculate the expectation value of comprehensive safety opinion rating
Figure 8465DEST_PATH_IMAGE005
With
Figure 677344DEST_PATH_IMAGE006
, adopt the confidence in security factor Weigh the reliability of evaluation result.
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