CN102955155B - Distributed active phased array radar and beam forming method thereof - Google Patents
Distributed active phased array radar and beam forming method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102955155B CN102955155B CN201110248644.9A CN201110248644A CN102955155B CN 102955155 B CN102955155 B CN 102955155B CN 201110248644 A CN201110248644 A CN 201110248644A CN 102955155 B CN102955155 B CN 102955155B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- transmitting
- signal
- phase
- end digital
- receiving
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Abstract
The invention relates to distributed active phased array radar and a beam forming method thereof. A transceiving component array consists of digital transceiving components which comprise analog front ends, power amplifiers, low-noise amplifiers and front-end digital units. The distributed active phased array radar further comprises a central processor, the central processor is connected with the multiple front-end digital units through a local area network by means of the hierarchical distributed processing technology, and used for setting operating modes of all of the front-end digital units and waveform data and receiving baseband data to guarantee reliability of target echo data subjected to digital synthesis and sending public clock signals to the front-end digital units through a clock network to guarantee synchronization of clock signals of each port. The multiple front-end digital units are correspondingly distributed in an antenna array, and each front-end digital unit is matched with one transceiving component. The distributed active phased array radar and the beam forming method thereof have the advantages of high flexibility, flexibility in data processing mode and improvement of phased array radar performances.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the phased-array radar for realizing radar beam shaping and spacescan, the particularly distributed Active Phased Array Radar of one and Beamforming Method thereof.
Background technology
Phased-array radar is come out in late 1960s, is mainly used in the early warning of long-range missile.Late 1980s, along with reaching its maturity and the decline of cost of the equipments and devices such as computing machine, VLSI (very large scale integrated circuit), solid state microwave power amplifier, digital phase shifter, phased array technology is rapidly developed, and while being militarily used widely, progressively expand to civil area.
Phased-array radar, also known as making phased-array radar, is a kind of to change radar wave phase place to change the radar of beam direction, because be electronically control wave beam but not traditional mechanical rotation antenna surface mode, therefore also known as electronic scanning radar.
Phased-array radar has quite intensive aerial array, and the area of conventional radar antenna surface can install thousands of phased array antenna, and any one antenna all can receive and dispatch radar wave, and namely adjacent several antennas have the function of a radar.During scanning, selected one of them block (several antenna element) or several block scan simple target or region, and therefore whole radar can scan many targets or region or follow the trail of simultaneously, has the function of multiple radar.Because a radar can scan for different directions simultaneously, scan mode is Electronic Control instead of mechanical rotation in addition, therefore data updating rate improves greatly, mechanical scanning radar because of be limited to mechanical rotation frequency thus the data updating cycle be second or ten seconds level, electronic scanning radar is then millisecond or Microsecond grade.Thus, it is more suitable for tackling highly maneuvering target.In addition due to can narrow beam be launched, thus also can serve as electronic warfare radar and use, as electromagnetic interference (EMI) or even transmitting antiphase radar wave offset detection electric wave etc.
The remarkable advantage of phased-array radar comprises: radar beam points to controlled, changes beam position flexibly and fast, does not need mechanical scanning; Multi-beam, multi-functional can be realized, can almost launch simultaneously or receive multiple wave beam; Utilize distributed solid state transmitter, can realize sum variable power aperture, high-power aperture and amass, emissive power is large, and operating distance is far away.Generally speaking, phased array technology solves beam position and switches the restriction with emissive power fast, is particularly useful for detection fast-moving target and multiple goal.
Phased-array radar is divided into again active (initiatively) and passive (passive) two class.In fact, active identical with the antenna array of inactive phased array radar, the key distinction of the two is the number of transmitting/receiving element.Inactive phased array radar only has a central transmitter and a receiver, the high-frequency energy that transmitter produces as calculated machine distributes to each radiator of antenna array automatically, and target echo is through the unified amplification (this point and ordinary radar are distinguished not quite) of receiver.Each radiator of Active Phased Array Radar is fitted with a transmitting/receiving assembly, and each assembly oneself can be launched, receive electromagnetic wave, therefore in the design of frequency range, signal transacting and superfluous degree, all has larger advantage than inactive phased array radar.Just because of this, also make involving great expense of Active Phased Array Radar, through engineering approaches difficulty strengthens.
Next Generation Radar system is in raising application flexibility and system performance, while functional parameter, must meet the requirement of user to the technical indicator such as emissive power, noise figure, the linearity of radar.These requirements can by realizing digital circuit to radar antenna expansion as far as possible.Digital technology reach plays a key effect to the flexible control of radar and Function Extension, such as, while maintenance high dynamic range, realize multi-beam, adaptive interference mitigation and multifunction radar etc.The move forward significant challenge that brings of digital technology is that radar data work for the treatment of rolls up, and needs the process adopted by different level, distribution type processing method realizes a large amount of radar data.
One of Main Trends of The Development of new-type radar realizes digitizing transmitting-receiving subassembly, first the transmitting of each antenna element of independent control phased-array radar, radar echo signal carry out pre-service in front end, after sending the radar echo signal of unit back to center processor by data transmission network, then carry out focusing on of next step.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, in order to realize foregoing invention object, the concept of digital transmitting and receiving assembly being applied to phased array radar system, thus a kind of distributed Active Phased Array Radar and Beamforming Method thereof are provided.
In order to realize foregoing invention object, technical scheme of the present invention proposes a kind of distributed Active Phased Array Radar, this distributed Active Phased Array Radar comprises: synchronous and scanning control system, data processor, active phase aerial array and transmitting-receiving subassembly array, described data processor, for generating the waveform that independently transmits of each antenna element, and receive process echoed signal, it is characterized in that, described transmitting-receiving subassembly array is digital transmitting and receiving assembly, comprise: AFE (analog front end), power amplifier, low noise amplifier and front-end digital unit, described distributed Active Phased Array Radar also comprises a center processor, this center processor adopts stratification distributed treatment technology to be connected with some front-end digital unit by LAN (Local Area Network), for arranging the mode of operation of all front-end digital unit and Wave data and receiving base band data, to ensure the reliability of the target echo data after digit synthesis, and send common clock signal by clock network forward end digital units, to ensure the clock signal synchronization of each port, several described front-end digital unit are distributed in aerial array respectively accordingly, and each front-end digital unit and a transmitting-receiving subassembly supporting, described front-end digital unit comprises: digital processing chip, interface circuit, direct digital synthesiser DDS, A-D converter DAC, A-D converter ADC.
One as technique scheme is improved, the AFE (analog front end) of described digital transmitting and receiving assembly has transmit-receive switch and calibrates coupling mechanism and switch combination, for the transmitting-receiving of control radar signal, with the amplitude versus frequency characte of the transmitter and receiver of demarcating separately each transmitting-receiving subassembly and phase-frequency characteristic, detect transmitter coupling abnormality.
One as technique scheme is improved, and described front-end digital unit is connected to the network switch by network interface, then adopts the mode of multiple switch concatenation connected together by all devices and be connected to center processor.
One as technique scheme is improved, and by radiofrequency signal interface receiving and transmitting signal between described front-end digital unit and transmitting-receiving subassembly, and controls the work of transmitting-receiving subassembly, and control interface adopts multi-way switching values and RS485 asynchronous serial port.
One as technique scheme is improved, synchronizing pulse unit in described synchronous and scanning control system is under system clock drives, automatically synchronizing pulse is produced according to parameters such as the pulse repetition times that main frame is transmitted by network, each front-end digital unit and transmitting-receiving subassembly is delivered to, to ensure the coherent pulse signalf of system by a point Power Generation Road.
One as technique scheme is improved, and described transmitting-receiving subassembly works in internal calibration pattern or mode of operation;
Described internal calibration pattern, by monitoring the transmitting chain of each transmitting-receiving subassembly and the gain of receiver and phase place, whether normal to judge the duty of power amplifier, receiver, phase shifter, testing result is simultaneously for carrying out unit Concordance;
Described mode of operation, through the transmitting-receiving subassembly of calibration by transmitting of producing with certain pulse repetition rate, and be fed to antenna via after phase shifter, power amplification, aerial array will synthesize wave beam to space direction initialization radiation; During Received signal strength, the target echo signal received by antenna delivers to A/D port after pre-filtering, low noise amplifier, AGC, phase shifter, and front-end digital unit is passed main control computer back by express network after completing the process such as digital quadrature detection and carried out follow-up data process.
Present invention also offers a kind of Beamforming Method of distributed Active Phased Array Radar, the step of the method comprises:
1) waveform that independently transmits of each antenna element is first generated by data processor, the data of waveform of transmitting download to front-end digital unit by main control computer and communication network again, produce synchronously simulating transmit by the DDS in front-end digital unit and digital-to-analog converter DAC;
2) synchronously simulating described in transmit waveform again by the power amplifier in transmitting-receiving subassembly after phase shifter phase shift constrained feed to each antenna element, by aerial array to space specific direction radiation;
3) there is scattering after running into target in electromagnetic wave signal, after wherein backward scattered echoed signal is received by each antenna, low noise amplifier in each transmitting-receiving subassembly amplifies, directly by front-end digital unit, echoed signal is sampled after phase shifter phase shift, and carry out coherent integration, digital filtering and digital quadrature detection, again by local network transport to main control computer
4) carry out digital beam-forming and FFT by center processor to calculate, calculate back scattering power and Doppler frequency, and then the distribution of inverting target and motion.
One as technique scheme is improved, described step 3) also comprise: after described front-end digital unit carries out digital quadrature detection, digital filtering, coherent accumulation, be stored in the storer of front-end digital unit.
One as technique scheme is improved, the method also comprises synchronous step: the instruction that described front-end digital unit receiving center processor sends and common clock signal, described clock signal can adopt clock modulation technique, synchronous triggering signal is transmitted by clock network, described synchronous clock and synchronous triggering signal, through special calibration algorithm, ensure the clock signal synchronization of each port.
One as technique scheme is improved, and the method also comprises the step of internal calibration:
The AFE (analog front end) of described digital transmitting and receiving assembly is by transmit-receive switch and the transmitting-receiving of calibrating coupling mechanism and switch combination control radar signal, with the amplitude versus frequency characte of the transmitter and receiver of demarcating separately each transmitting-receiving subassembly and phase-frequency characteristic, detect transmitter coupling abnormality, by monitoring the transmitting chain of each transmitting-receiving subassembly and the gain of receiver and phase place, to judge power amplifier, receiver, whether the duty of phase shifter is normal, the amplitude-frequency of the unit detected and phase-frequency characteristic, digital compensation can be carried out before Beam synthesis, to reduce systematic error.
One as technique scheme is improved, and described internal calibration pattern comprises 2 spermotypes: transmitter calibration mode and receiver calibration mode;
Described receiver calibration mode, front-end digital unit exports simulation synchronized transmissions signal, simulation synchronized transmissions signal is through switch combination, skip power amplifier direct feed-in front end coupling mechanism, then gather after receiving cable amplification filtering, in order to monitoring receiver and the magnitude-phase characteristics receiving and dispatching phase shifter;
Described transmitter calibration mode, front-end digital unit exports simulation synchronized transmissions signal through switch combination, feed-in power amplifier input, through the signal of power amplification in the process entering antenna transmission, to be coupled out a part by front end coupling mechanism, skip after receiver enters front-end digital unit and directly carry out A/D conversion, in order to detect the magnitude-phase characteristics of transmitter;
The unique transmitting-receiving subassembly internal calibration pattern of this Radar Design, gain and the phase delay of transmitting chain and receiver in each transmitting-receiving subassembly can be measured in real time by internal calibration pattern, with this understanding, the phase error of different antennae unit clock can be measured in real time by the intersection calibrating method of different units, and then in data processing algorithm, compensate the impact of this phase error, improve radar performance.
One as technique scheme is improved, the method also comprises transmitting-receiving subassembly further and carries out intersecting the step of calibrating, namely arbitrary unit transmits, other unit arbitrary receives it by the mutual lotus root of element antenna and transmits, by the intersection transmitting-receiving process of any pair unit, the synchronous clock phase can demarcated between a pair unit is poor, by changing transmit first phase and phase weighting to received signal, can ensure the amplitude-phase consistency of each transmitting-receiving subassembly.
The invention has the advantages that, the concept of digital transmitting and receiving assembly is applied to phased array radar system by the present invention, technically adopts treatment technology and realtime graphic terminal etc. in full distributed all solid state transmitter, bigbore planar array active phase antenna array, the digital received of hypersensitivity Larger Dynamic, distributed internal calibration and intersection calibration, express network bidirectional data transfers, advanced data and set of signals.Distributed phased array radar outstanding feature of the present invention has very high flexibility, transmitting of each transmitting-receiving subassembly to produce separately according to application demand, the echoed signal of each transmitting-receiving subassembly can process separately, radar return after process sends center processor back to by low cost LAN, data processing method is flexible, can realize the flexible configuration of radar function.In a word, the internal calibration of phased-array radar transmitting-receiving subassembly is 1. achieved; 2. achieve the outer calibration of phased-array radar transmitting-receiving subassembly; 3. achieve the conforming real-time measurement of phased-array radar transmitting-receiving subassembly; 4. achieve the conforming real-Time Compensation of phased-array radar transmitting-receiving subassembly; 5. improve the performance of phased-array radar.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The system chart of Fig. 1 full distributed phased-array radar of the present invention.
The signal transacting schematic diagram of Fig. 2 front-end digital unit of the present invention.
Fig. 3 principle schematic of calibrating of intersecting of the present invention.
Embodiment
In order to understand technical scheme of the present invention better, below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is further described.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of distributed phased array radar comprises the radar antenna array, digital transmitting and receiving assembly array, clock distributing network, LAN (Local Area Network), the center processor that connect successively, and described center processor is connected with all digital transmitting and receiving assemblies by LAN (Local Area Network); It is characterized in that, described digital transmitting and receiving assembly comprises AFE (analog front end), power amplifier, low noise amplifier, front-end digital unit composition; Described LAN (Local Area Network) adopts the wire medium such as optical fiber, twisted-pair feeder; Described center processor adopts stratification distributed treatment technology.
In technique scheme, described aerial array can work in single polarization mode, dual polarization pattern or complete polarization pattern.
In technique scheme, described transmitting-receiving subassembly can control separately, and separate the working in of each unit is received or hair-like state.
In technique scheme, described transmitting-receiving subassembly can work in and intersect calibration state, and namely arbitrary unit transmits, and other unit arbitrary accepts it by the mutual lotus root of element antenna and transmits, to demarcate the consistance of each transmitting-receiving subassembly.
In technique scheme, described digital transmitting and receiving assembly AFE (analog front end) has transmit-receive switch and calibration coupling mechanism and switch combination, can control radar signal transmitting-receiving, can demarcate separately the transmitter of each transmitting-receiving subassembly and the amplitude versus frequency characte of receiver and phase-frequency characteristic, can in detection transmitter coupling abnormality.
In technique scheme, described transmitter possesses vswr protection device, can detect transmitter coupling abnormality after auto-breaking.
In technique scheme, after transmitter detects coupling abnormal power-down, through automatically starting after a period of time.
In technique scheme, described receiver does not need to carry out down-converted to echoed signal.
In technique scheme, the amplitude that transmits of described front-end digital unit controls transmitter, phase place and waveform.The transmitted waveform of transmitter can be downloaded from center processor in real time by LAN (Local Area Network).
In technique scheme, described front-end digital unit can prestore transmitted waveform precalculated in a large number, after the waveform of specifying being delivered to analog digital converter according to application demand, amplifies via transmitter.
In technique scheme, described front-end digital unit directly adopts High Speed Analog digitalizer, digitizing after lack sampling is carried out to the radiofrequency signal that receiver exports, digitized radiofrequency signal generates baseband signal after digital frequency conversion, baseband signal, after down-sampled rate, digit phase detection and amplitude, phase place pre-service, delivers to center processor by LAN (Local Area Network).
In technique scheme, described baseband signal can carry out the coherent integration of predetermined number of times, improves echoed signal signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) and after reducing data volume, delivers to center processor through LAN (Local Area Network).
In technique scheme, the instruction that front-end digital unit receiving center processor sends and common clock signal, described clock signal can adopt clock modulation technique, synchronous triggering signal is transmitted by clock network, described synchronous clock and synchronous triggering signal, through special calibration algorithm, ensure the clock signal synchronization of each port.
In technique scheme, the periodicity calibration of described front-end digital unit controls transmitter and receiver.
In technique scheme, described center processor comprises with different levels network switch and with different levels signal processor, the next signal processor of multiple stage processes the echoed signal of some unit respectively, carry out elementary Beam synthesis, a upper signal processor receives the result of lower bit processing machine, and carries out final Beam synthesis.
Super distributed phased-array radar main modular has aerial array, transmitting-receiving subassembly, distributed front-end digital unit, Beam synthesis system, signal processing system, data handling system, user terminal etc.New technology and the techniques such as technical application high reliability all solid-state transmitter, low noise great dynamic range receiver, active phased array antenna, digital signal processing, realtime graphic terminal, the feature such as there is high sensitivity, Larger Dynamic, reliability is high, working service is convenient.Can round-the-clock continuous automatic Observation, data processing and operation monitoring and calibration.
During radar work, first controlled to produce radar work schedule by main control computer, control each front-end digital unit and produce synchronized transmissions signal.This signal after phase shift is amplified, then to radiate through antenna-feedback system in T/R assembly, carries out power combing, by concentration of energy on a certain beam direction in space.Scattering is there is in electromagnetic wave signal after running into target, after wherein backscatter signal carries out digital quadrature detection, digital filtering, coherent accumulation after amplification, phase shift after radar antenna receives in T/R assembly in front-end digital unit, be stored in front-end digital cell memory, the last data obtaining all unit by Ethernet by slave computer are stored in disk array, digital beam-forming and FFT calculating is carried out in host computer, calculate back scattering power and Doppler frequency, and then the distribution of inverting target and motion.
Embodiment 1
During radar work, first generated the waveform that independently transmits of each antenna element by data processor, Wave data downloads to the front-end digital unit in transmitting-receiving subassembly by main control computer and communication network.When signal is launched, Wave data is become analog transmit signal by A-D converter (DAC) by front-end digital unit, analog transmit signal by constrained feed to 72 antenna element after phase shifter phase shift of the power amplifier in transmitting-receiving subassembly, by the specific direction radiation of alignment space, sky.8 bit phase shifter can provide the phase offset of transmitting and receiving signal, and phaseshift step size is 2 °.The peak transmitted power of each T/R assembly is 750W.During Signal reception, the echoed signal that each antenna receives is amplified by the low noise amplifier in each transmitting-receiving subassembly, is directly sampled to echoed signal by front-end digital unit after phase shifter.After coherent integration, digital filtering and digital quadrature detection under the control of front-end digital unit, transfer to main control computer by gigabit networking by transmitting-receiving subassembly, carry out follow-up digital processing
In the present embodiment, radar system structure as shown in Figure 1.72 front-end digital cell distribution in aerial array, each front-end digital unit and a transmitting-receiving subassembly supporting.By radiofrequency signal interface receiving and transmitting signal between front-end digital unit and transmitting-receiving subassembly.Meanwhile, the work of transmitting-receiving subassembly is subject to the control of front-end digital unit, and control interface adopts multi-way switching values and RS485 asynchronous serial port.All front-end digital unit are connected to the network switch by network interface.Adopt the mode of multiple switch concatenation connected together by all devices and be connected to main control computer, control flow as shown in Figure 2.On main control computer, operation monitoring program is for arranging the mode of operation of all front-end digital unit and Wave data and receiving base band data.
In order to ensure the coherent pulse signalf of system, the synchronizing pulse of front-end digital unit and reference clock need unified distribution.Wherein do after the unified generation of clock and distribute, need 73 tunnels altogether, wherein all transmitting-receiving subassemblies are distributed on 72 roads, and 1 tunnel is retained as clock test port.Synchronizing pulse unit, under system clock drives, produces synchronizing pulse automatically according to parameters such as the pulse repetition times that main frame is transmitted by network, delivers to each front-end digital unit and transmitting-receiving subassembly by a point Power Generation Road.
The mode of operation of transmitting-receiving subassembly has two kinds: internal calibration pattern and mode of operation.Under internal calibration pattern, by monitoring the transmitting chain of each transmitting-receiving subassembly and the gain of receiver and phase place, whether normal to judge the duty of the main devices such as power amplifier, receiver, phase shifter.Internal calibration pattern comprises 2 spermotypes: transmitter calibration mode and receiver calibration mode.Under receiver calibration mode, front-end digital unit exports synchronous analog signal, and simulating signal, through switch combination, skips power amplifier direct feed-in front end coupling mechanism, then gather after receiving cable amplification filtering, this method can monitoring receiver and transmitting-receiving phase shifter magnitude-phase characteristics; Under transmitter calibration mode, front-end digital unit exports synchronous analog signal, through switch combination, feed-in power amplifier input, through the signal of power amplification in the process entering antenna transmission, to be coupled out a part by front end coupling mechanism, directly to carry out A/D conversion after entering front-end digital unit, in order to detect the magnitude-phase characteristics of transmitter.Under mode of operation, transmitting after via phase shifter, power amplification of producing with certain pulse repetition rate is fed to antenna by the transmitting-receiving subassembly through calibration, and aerial array will synthesize wave beam to space direction initialization radiation.During Received signal strength, the target echo signal received by antenna delivers to A/D port through links such as pre-filtering, low noise amplifier, AGC, phase shifters, and front-end digital unit is passed main control computer back by express network after completing the process such as digital quadrature detection and carried out follow-up data process.The instruction adjustment internal calibration pattern that front-end digital unit can be assigned according to main control computer and the parameter of mode of operation, ensure that the reliability of the target echo data after digit synthesis.
The unique transmitting-receiving subassembly internal calibration pattern of this Radar Design, gain and the phase delay of transmitting chain and receiver in each transmitting-receiving subassembly can be measured in real time by internal calibration pattern, with this understanding, the phase error of different antennae unit clock can be measured in real time by the intersection calibrating method of different units, and then in data processing algorithm, compensate the impact of this phase error, improve radar performance.
For the phase error between two unit.After system is disposed, the transmitting of one of them unit enters the antenna of another unit by near-field coupling or antenna sidelobe and received.Because two unit work under the promotion of coherent clock and synchronizing signal, so phase-shift value can be obtained by analyzing Received signal strength, this phase-shift value is added by such as lower part and forms: launch start-phase, transmission channel phase shift, the phase shift of emitting antenna secondary lobe, space propagation phase shift, the phase shift of receiving antenna secondary lobe, receiving cable phase shift, receives start-phase, as shown in Figure 3.In above-mentioned factor, the phase shift of transmitting and receiving passage can be measured by aforementioned internal calibration, and the spatial phase shift between two unit is changeless.When carrying out intersection calibration, first arrange one of them unit and be in emission state, another unit is in accepting state, after record receiving phase, after exchange the transmit-receive position of two unit again, again record a receiving phase.Because the transmitting and receiving phase propetry of antenna can reciprocity, so the difference asking for above-mentioned two phase-shift value should be 2 times of two unit proper phases differences.The phase place correct amount needed for said two units synchronous working can be calculated thus.
The major parameter of above-described embodiment is as following table:
It should be noted last that, above embodiment is only in order to illustrate technical scheme of the present invention and unrestricted.Although with reference to embodiment to invention has been detailed description, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, modify to technical scheme of the present invention or equivalent replacement, do not depart from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of right of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. the Beamforming Method of a distributed Active Phased Array Radar, this distributed Active Phased Array Radar comprises: synchronous and scanning control system, data processor, active phase aerial array and transmitting-receiving subassembly array, described data processor, for generating the waveform that independently transmits of each antenna element, and receive process echoed signal, described transmitting-receiving subassembly array is digital transmitting and receiving assembly, comprise: AFE (analog front end), power amplifier, low noise amplifier and front-end digital unit, described distributed Active Phased Array Radar also comprises a center processor, this center processor adopts stratification distributed treatment technology to be connected with some front-end digital unit by LAN (Local Area Network), for arranging the mode of operation of all front-end digital unit and Wave data and receiving base band data, to ensure the reliability of the target echo data after digit synthesis, and send common clock signal by clock network forward end digital units, to ensure the clock signal synchronization of each port, several described front-end digital unit are distributed in aerial array respectively accordingly, and each front-end digital unit and a transmitting-receiving subassembly supporting, described front-end digital unit comprises: digital processing chip, interface circuit, direct digital synthesiser DDS, A-D converter DAC, A-D converter ADC,
The step of the method comprises:
1) waveform that independently transmits of each antenna element is first generated by data processor, the data of waveform of transmitting download to front-end digital unit by main control computer and communication network again, produce synchronously simulating transmit by the DDS in front-end digital unit and digital-to-analog converter DAC;
2) synchronously simulating described in transmit waveform again by the power amplifier in transmitting-receiving subassembly after phase shifter phase shift constrained feed to each antenna element, by aerial array to space specific direction radiation;
3) there is scattering after running into target in electromagnetic wave signal, after wherein backward scattered echoed signal is received by each antenna, low noise amplifier in each transmitting-receiving subassembly amplifies, directly by front-end digital unit, echoed signal is sampled after phase shifter phase shift, and carry out coherent integration, digital filtering and digital quadrature detection, again by local network transport to main control computer
4) carry out digital beam-forming and FFT by center processor to calculate, calculate back scattering power and Doppler frequency, and then the distribution of inverting target and motion;
The method also comprises the step of internal calibration:
The AFE (analog front end) of described digital transmitting and receiving assembly is by transmit-receive switch and the transmitting-receiving of calibrating coupling mechanism and switch combination control radar signal, with the amplitude versus frequency characte of the transmitter and receiver of demarcating separately each transmitting-receiving subassembly and phase-frequency characteristic, detect transmitter coupling abnormality, by monitoring the transmitting chain of each transmitting-receiving subassembly and the gain of receiver and phase place, to judge power amplifier, receiver, whether the duty of phase shifter is normal, the amplitude-frequency of the unit detected and phase-frequency characteristic, digital compensation can be carried out before Beam synthesis, to reduce systematic error.
2. the Beamforming Method of distributed Active Phased Array Radar according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step 3) also comprises: after described front-end digital unit carries out coherent integration, digital filtering and digital quadrature detection, be stored in the storer of front-end digital unit.
3. the Beamforming Method of distributed Active Phased Array Radar according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the method also comprises synchronous step: the instruction that described front-end digital unit receiving center processor sends and common clock signal, described clock signal can adopt clock modulation technique, synchronous triggering signal is transmitted by clock network, described synchronous clock and synchronous triggering signal, through special calibration algorithm, ensure the clock signal synchronization of each port.
4. the Beamforming Method of distributed Active Phased Array Radar according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described internal calibration pattern comprises 2 spermotypes: transmitter calibration mode and receiver calibration mode;
Described receiver calibration mode, front-end digital unit triggers exports synchronous analog signal, and simulating signal, through switch combination, skips power amplifier direct feed-in front end coupling mechanism, then gather after receiving cable amplification filtering, in order to monitoring receiver and the magnitude-phase characteristics receiving and dispatching phase shifter;
Described transmitter calibration mode, the synchronous analog signal that front-end digital unit exports is through switch combination, feed-in power amplifier input, through the signal of power amplification in the process entering antenna transmission, to be coupled out a part by front end coupling mechanism, skip after receiver enters front-end digital unit and directly carry out A/D conversion, in order to detect the magnitude-phase characteristics of transmitter.
5. the Beamforming Method of distributed Active Phased Array Radar according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the method also comprises transmitting-receiving subassembly further and carries out intersecting the step of calibrating, namely arbitrary unit transmits, other unit arbitrary accepts it by the mutual lotus root of element antenna and transmits, by the intersection transmitting-receiving process of any pair unit, the synchronous clock phase of demarcating between a pair unit is poor, by changing transmit first phase and phase weighting to received signal, to ensure the amplitude-phase consistency of each transmitting-receiving subassembly.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110248644.9A CN102955155B (en) | 2011-08-26 | 2011-08-26 | Distributed active phased array radar and beam forming method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110248644.9A CN102955155B (en) | 2011-08-26 | 2011-08-26 | Distributed active phased array radar and beam forming method thereof |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102955155A CN102955155A (en) | 2013-03-06 |
| CN102955155B true CN102955155B (en) | 2015-03-18 |
Family
ID=47764205
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110248644.9A Active CN102955155B (en) | 2011-08-26 | 2011-08-26 | Distributed active phased array radar and beam forming method thereof |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN102955155B (en) |
Families Citing this family (50)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103308767B (en) * | 2013-06-04 | 2016-01-20 | 云南大学 | A kind of method of the low-frequency antenna battle array phase measurement based on GPS and phase-detection chip and device thereof |
| CN106411378B (en) * | 2013-09-02 | 2019-11-29 | 华为技术有限公司 | Communication equipment, Base Band Unit and communication means |
| CN103630882B (en) * | 2013-11-22 | 2015-05-27 | 电子科技大学 | Method for realizing distributed radar waveform by using multi-slope modulation |
| CN104734765B (en) * | 2013-12-24 | 2019-04-05 | 北京信威通信技术股份有限公司 | Digital beam-forming signal processing apparatus and method |
| CN104852759B (en) * | 2014-02-13 | 2019-04-05 | 北京信威通信技术股份有限公司 | Digital beam-forming signal processing apparatus and method |
| WO2015168887A1 (en) * | 2014-05-07 | 2015-11-12 | 华为技术有限公司 | Phased array calibration method and phased array calibration circuit |
| CN104375419B (en) * | 2014-09-18 | 2017-06-06 | 中国人民解放军63892部队 | A kind of electronic countermeasure radio frequency simulation aerial array equipment and feed control method |
| CN104330801B (en) * | 2014-11-15 | 2017-01-11 | 安徽四创电子股份有限公司 | Active phased array weather radar system based on full-digital array |
| CN104407347B (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2017-11-24 | 珠海纳睿达科技有限公司 | Radar system |
| RU2695110C2 (en) | 2015-04-10 | 2019-07-19 | Виасат, Инк. | Beam formation of ground antenna for communication between access nodes and user terminals connected by means of retransmitter, such as satellite |
| US10355774B2 (en) | 2015-04-10 | 2019-07-16 | Viasat, Inc. | End-to-end beamforming system |
| CN104914429B (en) * | 2015-05-19 | 2017-04-19 | 西安电子科技大学 | Target indication radar system capable of adaptively selecting waveform according to target distance |
| CN108292929B (en) | 2015-09-10 | 2020-04-28 | 蓝色多瑙河系统有限公司 | Active array calibration |
| US10061015B2 (en) | 2015-09-30 | 2018-08-28 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Multi-chip transceiver testing in a radar system |
| CN105527611B (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2018-05-25 | 珠海纳睿达科技有限公司 | A kind of wave beam control of phased-array radar integrates snap-gauge with signal processing |
| CN106226761B (en) * | 2016-07-07 | 2018-12-25 | 中国科学院国家空间科学中心 | A kind of relevant higher-frequency radar multifrequency detection method of high-performance |
| CN106019273A (en) * | 2016-08-16 | 2016-10-12 | 上海航天测控通信研究所 | Radar illumination control device based on optical fiber |
| CN106299702A (en) * | 2016-09-14 | 2017-01-04 | 中国科学院上海天文台 | A kind of low frequency radio array digital bea mforming system and method |
| CN106646393B (en) * | 2016-09-29 | 2019-02-12 | 上海航天测控通信研究所 | A kind of modularization, building block system Digital Array Radar system |
| CN108020821B (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2021-06-08 | 成都锐芯盛通电子科技有限公司 | Phased array radar antenna beam control circuit detection system and implementation method thereof |
| CN108398933B (en) * | 2018-01-15 | 2020-07-24 | 上海机电工程研究所 | Intelligent voice recognition control array target calibration system |
| CN108562876A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-09-21 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | Broadband low minor lobe simulates multiple-beam array reconnaissance system |
| DE102018202296A1 (en) * | 2018-02-15 | 2019-08-22 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Radar sensor system and method for operating a radar sensor system |
| CN108919214A (en) * | 2018-08-08 | 2018-11-30 | 航天南湖电子信息技术股份有限公司 | A kind of phased-array radar number T/R component amplitude and phase correction device and its bearing calibration |
| CN109100695B (en) * | 2018-10-24 | 2021-02-12 | 北京无线电测量研究所 | Digital delay compensation system and method for broadband digital array radar |
| CN109765554A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2019-05-17 | 北京遥感设备研究所 | A kind of radar foresight imaging system and method |
| CN109557531A (en) * | 2018-11-21 | 2019-04-02 | 南京微麦科斯电子科技有限责任公司 | A kind of high-resolution river radar installations based on phased-array technique |
| DE102018220011A1 (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2020-05-28 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Sensor system for a vehicle and method for operating a sensor system for a vehicle |
| CN109600167B (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2021-09-03 | 成都成电光信科技股份有限公司 | Digital array radar optical fiber transmission network and control method thereof |
| CN109617611B (en) * | 2018-12-19 | 2021-10-26 | 贵州航天电子科技有限公司 | Phased array seeker sampling pretreatment and wave controller |
| CN109856683B (en) * | 2019-01-07 | 2020-06-16 | 吉林大学 | Towed phased array electromagnetic detection device and method |
| CN109814078B (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2024-03-26 | 加特兰微电子科技(上海)有限公司 | Radar testing device and testing method |
| CN110646784B (en) * | 2019-09-29 | 2021-07-30 | 航天南湖电子信息技术股份有限公司 | DAC-based radar digital T/R component transmission waveform generation method |
| CN110927675A (en) * | 2019-11-15 | 2020-03-27 | 张明 | Energy-cascade millimeter wave radar chip |
| CN110988809B (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2022-07-05 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十研究所 | Phased array front end based on nonlinear active antenna |
| CN111538014A (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2020-08-14 | 航天新气象科技有限公司 | MST radar system based on unit-level digital array and signal transceiving method |
| CN111722189B (en) * | 2020-06-05 | 2023-01-10 | 东方红卫星移动通信有限公司 | Multi-beam millimeter wave phased array chip and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN112165350B (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2022-04-12 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 | Down phased array agile beam control device and method for medium and low orbit satellite |
| CN112271455B (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2022-08-30 | 西南电子技术研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所） | Satellite-borne small active phased-array antenna beam control method |
| CN112147587B (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2022-02-25 | 中国电波传播研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第二十二研究所） | Radar beam azimuth center offshore calibration method |
| CN112736494A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-04-30 | 北京遥感设备研究所 | Low-cost dual-polarized phased array antenna and processing method |
| CN112505707B (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-01 | 成都远望探测技术有限公司 | X-waveband dual-polarization rapid scanning phased array weather radar |
| CN113009477B (en) * | 2021-02-24 | 2023-04-18 | 湖北中南鹏力海洋探测系统工程有限公司 | Array type high-frequency ground wave ocean radar system |
| CN113437529B (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2022-11-01 | 苏州军杰电子科技有限公司 | Full-polarization active phased array antenna array |
| CN113258288B (en) * | 2021-06-17 | 2021-09-21 | 成都市克莱微波科技有限公司 | Phased array antenna beam control device and control method |
| CN113659352A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2021-11-16 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十四研究所 | Satellite-borne full-polarization broadband phased array antenna |
| CN113608184B (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2023-09-22 | 上海无线电设备研究所 | Phased array antenna emission self-checking method |
| WO2024005802A1 (en) * | 2022-06-29 | 2024-01-04 | Intel Corporation | Radar apparatus, system, and method |
| JP2024012916A (en) * | 2022-07-19 | 2024-01-31 | 国立研究開発法人情報通信研究機構 | Radio wave transceiver, distributed phased array antenna system, distributed electromagnetic wave observation data collection system, and distributed synthetic aperture radar system |
| CN116743275B (en) * | 2023-08-08 | 2023-11-24 | 南京新频点电子科技有限公司 | Vehicle-mounted high-mobility radar signal comprehensive simulation device |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1197515A (en) * | 1995-07-07 | 1998-10-28 | 英国国防部 | Circuit module for a phased array radar |
| CN102141619A (en) * | 2010-12-31 | 2011-08-03 | 南京恩瑞特实业有限公司 | Digital array MST (Mesosphere-Stratosphere-Troposphere) radar and method for receiving and transmitting signals |
-
2011
- 2011-08-26 CN CN201110248644.9A patent/CN102955155B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1197515A (en) * | 1995-07-07 | 1998-10-28 | 英国国防部 | Circuit module for a phased array radar |
| CN102141619A (en) * | 2010-12-31 | 2011-08-03 | 南京恩瑞特实业有限公司 | Digital array MST (Mesosphere-Stratosphere-Troposphere) radar and method for receiving and transmitting signals |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 收发全数字波束形成相控阵雷达关键技术研究;吴曼青等;《系统工程与电子技术》;20010430;第23卷(第4期);45-47,60页 * |
| 米波有源相控阵数字化T/R组件设计;车佳;《万方学位论文数据库》;20091231;5-17,44-49页 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN102955155A (en) | 2013-03-06 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102955155B (en) | Distributed active phased array radar and beam forming method thereof | |
| CN102680963B (en) | Radar apparatus supporting short and long range radar operation | |
| CN101609931B (en) | Antenna array phase control technology based on time modulation and system realizing method thereof | |
| CN103064080B (en) | Target guiding radar with continuous waves | |
| CN103558594A (en) | Phased array beamforming method based on airborne equipment | |
| CN105356051A (en) | High-power seeker tile type active phased array antenna | |
| CN101587188A (en) | Monopulse radar system based on time modulation antenna array | |
| CN104330801A (en) | Active phased array weather radar system based on full-digital array | |
| JPH075252A (en) | Time-sharing type fm radar system | |
| KR20120065652A (en) | Homodyne rf transceiver for radar sensor | |
| CN108732562B (en) | Phased array radar | |
| CN111370873B (en) | High-efficiency phase modulation system based on time modulation array | |
| CN204177963U (en) | A kind of active phased array Weather radar system based on digital array | |
| CN112152730B (en) | Three-channel-based body target implementation system and method | |
| CN112526512B (en) | High-power large-caliber broadband millimeter wave air-fed phase control array radar system and imaging method | |
| CN113406569B (en) | Three-coordinate radar system applied to low-speed small target detection | |
| CN111416649A (en) | Digital beam forming method based on zero intermediate frequency architecture | |
| CN112804016A (en) | Self-calibration method for broadband phased array antenna of analog-digital hybrid transmit-receive shared system | |
| CN114578337A (en) | Digital multi-beam low-small-slow detection radar capable of transmitting phase-scanning wide beam and receiving wide beam | |
| CN111638517A (en) | Ka-band airborne high-resolution SAR system | |
| Harter et al. | 24GHz Digital beamforming radar with T-shaped antenna array for three-dimensional object detection | |
| Liang et al. | Development of 61-channel digital beamforming (DBF) transmitter array for mobile satellite communication | |
| CN104092024B (en) | Direction backtracking system based on corner reflector antenna array | |
| RU2730120C1 (en) | Method of constructing an active phased antenna array | |
| CN113126097B (en) | Meteorological detection method and digital phased array weather radar |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| CP01 | Change in the name or title of a patent holder | ||
| CP01 | Change in the name or title of a patent holder |
Address after: 100190 No. two south of Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing 1 Patentee after: NATIONAL SPACE SCIENCE CENTER, CAS Address before: 100190 No. two south of Zhongguancun, Haidian District, Beijing 1 Patentee before: Space Science & Applied Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences |