CN102790277A - Directional antenna - Google Patents
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- CN102790277A CN102790277A CN2011101273835A CN201110127383A CN102790277A CN 102790277 A CN102790277 A CN 102790277A CN 2011101273835 A CN2011101273835 A CN 2011101273835A CN 201110127383 A CN201110127383 A CN 201110127383A CN 102790277 A CN102790277 A CN 102790277A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a directional antenna. The directional antenna comprises a feed source, a meta-material unit, a tabulate first reflector unit and a tabulate second reflector unit, wherein the meta-material unit comprises at least one meta-material layer; the meta-material layer comprises a plurality of sub units; the sub units comprise a first material and a second material embedded in the first material; electromagnetic wave radiant from the feed source is refracted by the meta-material unit and then scattered on the first reflector unit; the scattered electromagnetic wave is reflected by the first reflector unit and then scattered by the meta-material unit after being refracted again; the second reflector unit is used for reflecting the scattered out electromagnetic wave to enable the scattered out electromagnetic wave to spread in parallel. The electromagnetic wave steers clear of the feed source in a scattered manner, and is projected on the second projector unit; the second projector unit reflects the electromagnetic wave to generate planar electromagnetic wave, thereby greatly relieving the interference of the feed source on the antenna radiation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of antenna, more particularly, relate to a kind of ultra material directional antenna.
Background technology
At present, the feedforward main reflector antenna in the radar is exactly that main reflector is parabola, and feed is positioned near its focus, can become the spherical wave of feed radiation the directional antenna of plane wave.
Its operation principle is similar with optical mirror, is the focus characteristics that utilizes the parabolic main reflector.The spherical wave that is sent by feed just is transformed into plane wave after parabolic reflector; Form along the parabolic axially the strongest narrow beam of radiation; The advantage of parabolic antenna is exactly: the along at the parabolic reflecting antenna is placed emission source; Electromagnetic wave through after the reflection is a parallel beam, makes antenna direction transmission, and this is that the antenna of other shapes is difficult to accomplish.
In the prior art,, influence irradiation of electromagnetic waves because feed and support pole spacing thereof can influence bore efficient in the front of main reflector to blocking of bore.Prior art adopts offset parabolic antenna to avoid the influence to radiation of feed and support thereof.As: a kind ofly be: its feed still places the focus of the paraboloid of revolution, but only gets the radiation that the part of this parabolic side makes feed can not block the main reflector bore as main reflector, thereby improves bore efficient and beam side lobe characteristic; Another kind of: bias structure is loudspeaker-parabolic antenna, and it is directly to be received on the offset parabola by a pyramid or conical horn to form, and also the part of sphere capable of using is as main reflector.Feed places 1/2 place of spherical radius R usually, at this moment feed right fraction sphere to approach with R/2 be the parabola of focal length.
These methods all will be transformed main reflector, implement more complicated.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve is, to the feed of prior art and support bar thereof to the more irreclaimable defective of aerial radiation influence, provide a kind of provide easy transformation, simple, be easy to realize and diffuse transmission type directional antenna that cost is low.
A kind of directional antenna comprises feed, ultra material cell, flat first reflector element and second reflector element; Said ultra material cell comprises the ultra material layer of a slice at least; Said ultra material layer comprises a plurality of subelements, and said subelement comprises first material and is embedded in second material in first material; The electromagnetic wave that said feed gives off after the refraction of ultra material cell and scattering on first reflector element; First reflector element with the electromagnetic wave of scattering through reflection once more through ultra material cell refraction and scattering is penetrated, second reflector element is used for the reflection of electromagnetic wave of scattering ejaculation and horizontal infection.
Further, form at least one hole on first material of said subelement, second material is placed in the said hole.
Further, said first material is selected any one in ceramic material, macromolecular material, ferroelectric material, ferrite material and the ferromagnetic material for use.
Further, said second material is selected any one in air, metal material, rubber, plastics and the resin material for use.
Further, said first reflector element and second reflector element all adopt the smooth metal minute surface.
Further; Said ultra sheet of material is stacked into said ultra material cell along the x direction; Said subelement with the y direction perpendicular to the x direction be row, serving as that row is lined up first array simultaneously perpendicular to the z direction of x, y direction; The refractive index of each sub-cells of every row is identical, and the refractive index of the said subelement of every row is followed successively by a
1, a
2, a
3..., a
s, b
1, b
2, b
3..., b
m, c
1, c
2, c
3..., c
p, each refractive index satisfies:
a
1≤a
2≤a
3≤a
s, c
1>=c
2>=c
3>=c
pB wherein
1＜a
s, b
m＜c
1, and s, p be and be not less than 2 natural number, and m is not less than 1 natural number.
Further, said b
1, b
2, b
3..., b
mBetween exist below relation:
b
1≤b
2≤b
3≤b
q, b
q>=b
Q+1>=b
Q+2>=b
Q+3>=b
m, and q is the natural number less than m.
Further, the refractive index of the said subelement of every row also has following relation:
(a
2-a
1)≥(a
3-a
2)……≥(a
s-a
s-1)≥(b
2-b
1)≥(b
3-b
2)……≥(b
q-1-b
q)，
(b
q-b
q+1)≤(b
q+1-b
q+2)≤(b
q+2-b
q+3)……≤(b
m-1-b
m)≤(c
1-c
2)≤(c
2-c
3)≤(c
p-1-c
p)。
Further, above-mentioned refractive index also has following relation:
a
1=b
1=b
m=c
p, a
s=b
q=c
1, s=p, q＞s and q＞p, q=[(m+1)/2].
Further, said a plurality of ultra sheet of material is identical and have an identical refraction index profile.
Further; Said a plurality of ultra sheet of material has different refraction index profile; Is that stacked row, y direction serve as row constitute in second array by subelement with the x direction at each; With a center subelement is the center of circle, and a stacked row and its refractive index of row subelement of the said center of process subelement all are followed successively by a
1, a
2, a
3..., a
s, b
1, b
2, b
3..., b
m, c
1, c
2, c
3..., c
p
Further, the refractive index of said second array distributes ringwise, and the refractive index of the parton unit in a plurality of subelements on process any straight line in the said center of circle is followed successively by a
1, a
2, a
3..., a
s, b
1, b
2, b
3..., b
m, c
1, c
2, c
3..., c
p
Further, said hole is cylindrical hole, spherical pore, square opening, multiaspect body opening or irregular shape hole.
Further, said first reflector element is tabular.
Further, said second reflector element is arc surfaced or parabolic shape.
The ultra material directional antenna of embodiment of the present invention, the electromagnetic wave that sends by feed through the ultra material cell and first reflector element after, scattering gets around feed and projects on second reflector element of antenna.Second reflector element to spatial transmission, can be eliminated the influence to aerial radiation of feed and support with electromagnetic wave complanation electromagnetic wave largely.
Description of drawings
The first embodiment directional antenna sketch map among Fig. 1 the present invention.
Fig. 2 is for one surpassing the perspective view of sheet of material in the ultra material cell shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 3 is that ultra sheet of material shown in Figure 2 is to electromagnetic refraction index profile sketch map.
Fig. 4 is the perspective view of a subelement in the ultra sheet of material shown in Figure 3.
Fig. 5 is that the electromagnetic wave plus lens converges sketch map to electromagnetic wave.
Fig. 6 is that principle schematic is converged in electromagnetic wave plus lens refraction shown in Figure 5.
Fig. 7 is stacked into electromagnetic wave plus lens structural representation by a plurality of ultra sheet of material.
Fig. 8 is that electromagnetic wave plus lens one embodiment is along the refractive index profile on the plane of x direction and y direction formation.
The principle schematic that Fig. 9 converges refraction of electromagnetic wave based on a reflection of electromagnetic wave unit for ultra material cell, wherein the thickness of ultra material cell is 1/2 of electromagnetic wave plus lens thickness shown in Figure 5.
Figure 10 be ultra material cell shown in Figure 1 and first reflector element to electromagnetic scattering principle sketch map, wherein ultra material cell designs based on ultra material cell shown in Figure 9.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with relevant drawings and specific embodiment the present invention is done further description:
See also Fig. 1, directional antenna comprises feed 10, ultra material cell 20, first reflector element 30 and second reflector element 40.The electromagnetic wave that feed 10 gives off after 20 refractions of ultra material cell and scattering on first reflector element 30; First reflector element 30 reflects and the scattering ejaculation horizontal infection after the reflection of electromagnetic wave that second reflector element 40 is used for scattering is penetrated once more with the reflection of electromagnetic wave of scattering through ultra material cell 20.
In this execution mode, the said feed 10 and first reflector element 30 are arranged at ultra material cell 20 both sides respectively, and said ultra material cell 20 is attached on first reflector element 30.Said second reflector element 40 is arranged at a side of feed 10, makes feed 10 between the ultra material cell 20 and second reflector element 40.Said first reflector element 30 and second reflector element 40 all adopt the smooth metal minute surface.Wherein said first reflector element is tabular; Said second reflector element 40 is arc surfaced or parabolic shape.
Ultra material cell 20 of the present invention comprises the ultra sheet of material 1 of multi-disc, and each ultra sheet of material 1 is as shown in Figure 2, has forward and backward two parallel surfaces, thereby is the uniform thickness lamella.The thickness direction that defines ultra sheet of material 1 is the x direction, and the length direction of ultra sheet of material 1 is the y direction, and Width is that z direction x, y, z direction are vertical in twos.1 pair of electromagnetic refraction index profile sketch map of ultra sheet of material shown in Figure 3.Ultra sheet of material 1 is made as a successively along the refractive index of y direction
1, a
2, a
3..., a
s, b
1, b
2, b
3..., b
m, c
1, c
2, c
3..., c
pA wherein
1≤a
2≤a
3≤a
sc
1>=c
2>=c
3>=c
p 1＜a
s, b
m＜c
1, and s, p be and be not less than 2 natural number, and m is not less than 1 natural number.
Ultra sheet of material 1 can be divided the subelement 80 (as shown in Figure 4) of the identical Fang Tizhuan of a plurality of sizes virtually, comprises first material 81 and second material 82 on each subelement 80, and said second material 82 is embedded among first material 81.Wherein first material 81 selects for use dielectric insulation material to process, and includes but not limited to ceramic material, macromolecular material, ferroelectric material, ferrite material or ferromagnetic material etc.For example macromolecular material can be selected the macromolecular material of identical performances such as epoxy resin, polytetrafluoroethylene for use.Second material, 82 the selection of materials are different from first material 81, include but not limited to air, metal material, rubber, plastics and resin material etc.
In design with when making the ultra sheet of material 1 in the execution mode of the present invention, at first choose the plate shape substrates that first material 81 is processed; Adopt the perforating by punching mode on said plate shape substrates, to form a plurality of holes then, promptly on subelement 80, form at least one hole; Secondly in the hole, fill second material 82 and can obtain ultra sheet of material 1 according to the invention.Said ultra sheet of material 1 can be regarded as by a plurality of subelements and is row, serves as first arrays formed of row with the y direction with the z direction.The square bodily form grid here can have any size of freely dividing, the length that is preferably y, z direction among the present invention be the electromagnetic wavelength that will converge 1/10th, the length of x direction equates with the thickness of the x direction of flat substrates.Certainly, the length of its x of ultra material cell of the present invention, y, z direction electromagnetic wavelength less than 1/5th all can, preferably less than 1/10th of wavelength.In this execution mode, the shape in hole includes but not limited to cylindrical hole, spherical pore, square opening, multiaspect body opening or irregular shape hole etc.
Certainly; Second material 82 on each subelement 80 is embedded be arranged at or mix and multiple implementation is arranged among embedding first material 81; As long as each subelement 80 can produce the structure that response promptly changes electromagnetic nature to electromagnetic field, all can be used as formation of the present invention ultra sheet of material 1 of the present invention.
Because first material 81 is different with second material, 82 bulk specific gravities; The material that second material 82 that mixing embeds in first material 81 is selected for use is different; All can make corresponding ultra sheet of material 1 demonstrate different dielectric constant characteristics and magnetic permeability characteristic, thereby electromagnetic wave is produced different electromagnetic responses.Wherein, an important response effect changes the electromagnetic wave propagation direction exactly.
Seeing also Fig. 5, is the sketch map that the electromagnetic wave plus lens converges electromagnetic wave.The ultra material cell 20 of the present invention designs based on electromagnetic wave plus lens principle, and the electromagnetic wave plus lens can converge parallel incident electromagnetic wave to a direction.Go out to have the ultra sheet of material 1 of the characteristic of converging based on the structural design of above-mentioned subelement 80, then that quantity is certain ultra sheet of material 1 with the characteristic of converging is piled up and can be obtained the electromagnetic wave plus lens.Therefore just need the dielectric constant and the magnetic permeability of each sub-cells 80 of precise design, thereby can set change amount through its direction of propagation of electromagnetic wave of each subelement 80.
Therefore at first introduce the method for designing of the ultra sheet of material that converges characteristic:
The refractive index that converges the ultra sheet of material of characteristic can be represented the change of electromagnetic wave propagation direction; Known refractive index
wherein μ is a magnetic permeability; ε is a dielectric constant; Hence one can see that; Under the immovable condition of magnetic permeability μ, the Changing Pattern of known refractive index n, the Changing Pattern that can know DIELECTRIC CONSTANTS by inference.Therefore, hereinafter all relate to the description of the Changing Pattern of refractive index n, all are appreciated that to be the Changing Pattern according to above-mentioned formula class release in like manner dielectric constant.In this execution mode, first material 81 forms at least one perforate on each subelement 80; Second material 82 adopts air and is filled in the above-mentioned perforate.
The refraction index profile of each ultra sheet of material 1 is as shown in Figure 5.Along the ultra sheet of material of row of y direction, its refractive index is followed successively by a
1, a
2, a
3..., a
s, b
1, b
2, b
3..., b
m, c
1, c
2, c
3..., c
p, each refractive index satisfies:
a
1≤a
2≤a
3……≤a
s (1)
c
1≥c
2≥c
3……≥c
p (2)
B wherein
1＜a
s, b
m＜c
1, and s, p be and be not less than 2 natural number, and m is not less than 1 natural number.Along the ultra sheet of material of each row of z direction, its refractive index is all identical.
Definition refractive index a
1To a
sThe ultra material at place partly is first section ultra material 100, and refractive index is from b
1To b
mThe ultra material at place partly is the ultra material of interlude, and refractive index is from c
1To c
pThe ultra material at place partly is the 4th a section ultra material 400.
When equal sign is not all got simultaneously in relational expression (1), (2); When promptly the refraction index profile of first, the 3rd section ultra material 100,300 is inhomogeneous; The electromagnetic phase place direction of propagation can be to the big direction deviation of refractive index; Therefore, from first section ultra material 100 incident electromagnetic wave, can be when leaving ultra material outgoing to a
sThe ultra sheet of material deviation at place, and can be to c during through the electromagnetic wave outgoing of the 4th section ultra material 400
1The ultra sheet of material deviation at place that is to say the incident electromagnetic wave from the ultra material of interlude both sides, when outgoing, can come together to the direction of the ultra material of interlude, realizes converging characteristic.
Further, in order to make electromagnetic wave also can produce the effect of coming together, the refractive index b of the ultra sheet of material of every row of the ultra material of interlude through the ultra material of interlude
1, b
2, b
3..., b
mBetween exist below relation:
b
1≤b
2≤b
3……≤b
q (3)
b
q≥b
q+1≥b
q+2≥b
q+3……≥b
m (4)
Wherein, q is the natural number less than m.
Definition refractive index b
1To b
qThe ultra material at place partly is second section ultra material 200, refractive index b
qTo b
mThe ultra material at place partly is the 3rd a section ultra material 300.
When equal sign was not got simultaneously in relational expression (3), (4) yet, with first section ultra material 100 and the 4th section ultra materials similar, second section, the 3rd section ultra material 200,300 can realize that also to refractive index be b
qUltra material cell row deviation come together.
One) the ultra material refraction index profile of each section is non-homogeneous
Relational expression (1), (2), (3), (4) are not all got equal sign simultaneously, can guarantee that incident electromagnetic wave is all to b
qResiding ultra material cell row deviation, but this converge might not converge to a bit on, just electromagnetic wave each other near.Realize converging to a bit, must make that the deflection angle with respect to incident direction during outgoing is bigger from the position incident electromagnetic wave that near refractive index is the ultra sheet of material at a1 place, from being b near refractive index
qThe position incident electromagnetic wave of ultra material cell, the deflection angle during its outgoing is less.
Refractive index variable quantity between the known adjacent ultra sheet of material is big more, and then electromagnetic deflection angle is big more.Therefore, converge to a bit, also have following relation along the refractive index of every row subelement of y direction in order to realize all electromagnetic waves:
(a
2-a
1)≥(a
3-a
2)……≥(a
s-a
s-1)≥(b
2-b
1)≥(b
3-b
2)……≥(b
q-1-b
q) (5)
(b
q-b
q+1)≤(b
q+1-b
q+2)≤(b
q+2-b
q+3)……≤(b
m-1-b
m)≤(c
1-c
2)≤(c
2-c
3)≤(c
p-1-c
p)
(6)
Satisfy the ultra material of above-mentioned variations in refractive index magnitude relation, for a branch of parallel incident electromagnetic wave, refractive index is b
qThe refractive index variable quantity of ultra sheet of material both sides increase gradually to both sides, therefore with b
qThe ultra sheet of material at place is the boundary, and the deviation angle is big during the closer to the outgoing of both side ends incident electromagnetic wave, the closer to b
qIts outgoing deflection angle of ultra sheet of material incident electromagnetic wave at place is more little.Through certain designed and calculating, make these deflection angles satisfy certain rules successively, can realize converging to a bit.Be similar to convex lens,, can design corresponding surface curvature characteristic and realize aggregation feature as long as know each surface point to the deviation angle of light and the refractive index of material.The present invention too; First material 81 through designing in each ultra sheet of material 1 is different with second material, 82 bulk specific gravities; Or first to mix the material that second material 82 that embeds selected for use in the material 81 different, obtain the DIELECTRIC CONSTANTS and the magnetic permeability μ of the correspondence of this unit, and then learn refractive index n; Make the variable quantity of refractive index n of each adjacent ultra sheet of material can realize that electromagnetic wave to the more specific deviation of going up, can realize converging characteristic through design.
Parallel incident electromagnetic wave is to first, second, third and the 4th section ultra material of ultra sheet of material 1, and incident electromagnetic wave all is parallel to the z direction.Make their through ultra sheet of material 1 back generation deviation and converge to a bit, with respect to the deflection angle β 1 of z direction, β 2 in the time of can measuring each electromagnetic wave outgoing, and β 3, and β 4.According to reference Metamaterials:Theory, Design, and Applications; Publisher:Springer, 1441905723,75 pages-76 pages of ISBN; Draw following relational expression arranged between refractive index variable quantity Δ n and the deflection angle β (for example be β 1, β 2, β 3 or β 4):
d·Δn＝sinβ (7)
Wherein, d is the length along the ultra sheet of material 1 of z direction, and Δ n is refractive index poor of the ultra material cell of adjacent two row.Known d and sin β, so Δ n can separate out, sets a refractive index radix, can instead push away the refractive index of the ultra material cell of adjacent two row.The deflection angle of all positions is calculated, can finally release the refraction index profile of the ultra sheet of material 1 on the y direction.Design the shape size of second material in each subelement 80; And fill the dielectric constant of medium and draw its dielectric constant and magnetic permeability through calculating and emulation; Constantly adjust the shape and size of the shape size of two materials then, meet above-mentioned refraction index profile up to the satisfied refractive index that obtains of the value of its dielectric constant and magnetic permeability and get final product.At this execution mode, shape, size and the second material selection through hole on the continuous adjustment subelement reach the object of the invention.
Further, for simplified design and manufacturing, the 3rd, the 4th section ultra material 300,400 of the present invention can be structurally symmetrical fully respectively at second, first section ultra material 200,100, and then refraction index profile also will be symmetrical fully, also promptly:
a
1＝c
p，a
2＝c
p-1，……，a
s-1＝c
2，a
s＝c
1，s＝p (8)
And under the condition that satisfies relational expression (8),
1) when m is odd number, the refractive index of the ultra material 200,300 of second, third section satisfies:
q＝(m+1)/2，b
1＝b
m，b
2＝b
m-1，……，b
q-1＝b
q+1 (9)
2) when m is even number, the refractive index of the ultra material 200,300 of second, third section satisfies:
q＝m/2，b
1＝b
m，b
2＝b
m-1，……，b
q＝b
q+1 (10)
The also available q=of the relational expression of above-mentioned q and m [(m+1)/2] representes, [(m+1)/2] expression is got its integer-bit gained to m divided by 2 result value.
Further, big or small for the ease of relatively, on above basis, each refractive index also satisfies:
a
1＝b
1＝b
m＝c
p，a
s＝b
q＝c
1，s＝p，q＞s (11)
Hence one can see that, and first section ultra material 100 and second section ultra material 200 are along a row refractive index of y direction, and its initial value and end value equate that all promptly two sections total altered refractive index amounts of ultra material equate.Because q＞s, thereby the average rate of change of the refractive index of first section ultra material 100 is greater than second section ultra material 200.As shown in Figure 4, represent the size of refractive index with the density of line, the thin more expression refractive index of line is big more, and then the change of refractive rate is big more more soon for the intensity of variation of density.
Because 300,400 and second, first sections ultra material 200,100 symmetries of preferred the 3rd, the 4th section ultra material are a through refractive index
qThe ultra material cell of delegation the line of centres and perpendicular to the plane of ultra material surface, be the plane of symmetry.Therefore, hereinafter succinct on describing only described and illustrates the ultra material 100,200 of first, second section, and therefore the 3rd, the 4th section ultra material 300,400 in like manner can get.
Two) the even and anisotropy of the ultra material refraction index profile of each section
When above-mentioned relation formula (1), (2), (3), (4) are got equal sign respectively simultaneously, then relational expression (5), (6) are also all got equal sign simultaneously and are equalled zero, and that is to say, at this moment first, second section ultra material 200 is the uniform material of refraction index profile.At this moment, be parallel to z direction incident electromagnetic wave, three kinds of situation arranged for the edge:
1) when the ultra material of each section was isotropism to electromagnetic wave, then deviation did not take place in electromagnetic wave;
2) if the ultra material of each section is anisotropy to electromagnetic wave, and its optical axis is when being perpendicular to incident electromagnetic wave, and deviation does not then take place during the electromagnetic wave outgoing yet;
3) if when each section material is anisotropy and its optical axis and is not orthogonal to incident electromagnetic wave electromagnetic wave, can deviation during the electromagnetic wave outgoing.
Three) the non-homogeneous and anisotropy of the ultra material refraction index profile of each section
The prerequisite that anisotropic material changes the electromagnetic wave energy direction of propagation, do not change the phase place direction of propagation is that material is the uniform material of refraction index profile.Inhomogeneous and electromagnetic wave is anisotropic ultra material for refraction index profile, electromagnetic wave passes that its direction of propagation of energy and the phase place direction of propagation all can change behind so ultra material.Below will through three embodiment show refraction index profile non-homogeneous with anisotropy to the influence of electromagnetic wave propagation.
The ultra sheet of material 1 of embodiment shown in Figure 6, its refraction index profile all satisfy the described characteristic of preamble, and promptly every its refractive index of row subelement along the y direction is followed successively by a
1, a
2, a
3..., a
s, b
1, b
2, b
3..., b
m, and satisfy relational expression (1) to (11), and relational expression (1) to (6) is not all got equal sign simultaneously.With the electromagnetic wave of the same incoming position of same direction through first section ultra material, the deflection angle of its outgoing is β 1; Another is through the electromagnetic wave of second section ultra material 200; The deflection angle of outgoing is β 2 during through three embodiment; Because the non-homogeneous and anisotropy of refraction index profile of ultra sheet of material 1 each section promptly squints the incident electromagnetism, and deviation takes place again period; Therefore the focus that refraction of electromagnetic wave is converged is shorter, i.e. f
1Distance shorter.
As shown in Figure 7, said electromagnetic wave plus lens is to be piled up and assemble all-in-one-piece along the x direction by a plurality of ultra sheet of material 1, and being separated with air between the ultra sheet of material 1 of each sheet or being filled with dielectric constant not have the material that responds near 1, to electromagnetic wave.When the quantity of ultra sheet of material 1 is more when making the length of x direction much larger than the length of z direction, whole ultra material can be regarded a thin slice as, and then the length of z direction is the thickness of this thin slice.Therefore, can know, adopt anisotropy and can realize the subelement 80 that the electromagnetic wave energy direction of propagation changes, can reduce the whole thickness that converges electromagnetic ultra material, thereby reduce the consumption of material, realize frivolous, miniaturization according to above-mentioned conclusion.
Each the ultra sheet of material 1 that constitutes ultra material can be identical; Then this moment is for plane electromagnetic wave; Because each ultra sheet of material 1 all can converge to a row electromagnetic wave that passes through this lamella a bit, so a plurality of ultra sheet of material 1 that is formed by stacking along the x direction can pool a line that is parallel to the x direction with electromagnetic wave.
Realize pooling a bit, the refraction index profile of each ultra sheet of material is with incomplete same.On the xy plane; Is that stacked row, y direction serve as that row constitute in second array by ultra material cell with the x direction; Refractive index distributes ringwise, comprise a circular distribution district and annular spread district of the concyclic heart at least, and the external diameter in the internal diameter in annular spread district and circular distribution district is basic identical; The refractive index of each sub-cells on the circumference of same radius is identical, and the subelement refractive index radially that the subelement that external diameter belongs to from circular distributed area belongs to the center of circle is followed successively by b
1, b
2, b
3..., b
q, the subelement that the external diameter from the annulus distributed area belongs to is followed successively by a to the subelement refractive index radially at the internal diameter place in annulus distributed area
1, a
2, a
3..., a
s, the subelement at place, the center of circle is the center.
Know that by above through a stacked row of center subelement and a row subelement, through the mid portion subelement of a plurality of subelements on any straight line at subelement center, center, their refractive index all is followed successively by a
1, a
2, a
3..., a
s, b
1, b
2, b
3..., b
m, c
1, c
2, c
3..., c
p, and refractive index promptly satisfies formula (8) to (10) for being symmetrically distributed.
The refraction index profile that draws thus is for more intuitive expression, on second array; The ultra material cell that refractive index is identical is linked to be a line; And represent the size of refractive index with the density of line, and the close more refractive index of line is big more, and the refraction index profile that then meets above all relational expressions is as shown in Figure 8.
Need to prove, because in fact subelement 80 is a cube but not a point, therefore above-mentioned circle, annular approximate description just, the identical or essentially identical ultra material cell of actual refractive index is on a zigzag circumference.For example, suppose that ultra material cell is that the length of side is the cube of 1mm, the origin of coordinates is the central point of the ultra material cell in center, and design thinks that (x is that refractive index on (3.2,5.7) is n y) to coordinate on the principle
1, this refractive index n then
1Be actually the refractive index of the square ultra material cell that coordinate surrounded for (3,5), (3,6), (4,5), (4,6) four points.When being similar to computer with smoothed curves such as square pixels point-rendering circle, ellipses, its concrete design class carries out the programming mode (for example OpenGL) of described point; Its curve display when pixel is very little with respect to curve is smooth, and curve display has sawtooth when pixel is big with respect to curve.
In sum, ultra material of the present invention has following characteristic:
1) refractive index distribution such as Fig. 8 on the xy plane is constant along the refractive index of z direction, can realize converging.The thickness of z direction can be done extremely thinly, and what realized is about 2～3mm.
2) subelement 80 on each ultra sheet of material 1 is designed to anisotropy; And its refractive index out of plumb and be not parallel to the z direction; Can realize electromagnetic direction of propagation of energy at ultra material internal to middle deviation, thereby the focal length that the electromagnetic wave when making outgoing converges reduces, spread scope narrows down; In other words, realize identical convergence effect, adopt anisotropic subelement 80 can make ultra material do thinlyyer.
3) subelement 80 of y direction rotates successively, can further increase the translational movement of electromagnetic wave at ultra material internal, thereby reduce focal length, perhaps the thickness d of the ultra material of attenuate in like manner.
In practical application; For a definite applied environment; Under the situation that ultra material size, position, focal length propagation characteristic definite, incident electromagnetic wave are also confirmed; Can calculate electromagnetic deviation angle earlier, utilize the refractive index difference Δ n of adjacent two sub-cells of formula (7) calculating again, the distribution that can come the refractive index n of each sub-cells on the anti-x of asking, the y direction with differential and integration through the subelement 80 on the ultra material.
Because refractive index by dielectric constant and the common decision of magnetic permeability, therefore can be adjusted refractive index through changing dielectric constant, realizes that the different refractivity of electromagnetic wave on the xy plane distributes.First material 81 that changes in the ultra sheet of material 1 is different with second material, 82 bulk specific gravities; Or first to mix the material that second material 82 that embeds selected for use in the material 81 different; Can change the dielectric constant of subelement 80, and then change the refractive index of the ultra material layer of a slice.
Traditional ultra material, it is electromagnetic converge be through along the refractive index of y direction and/or x direction increase to a maximum gradually after reduce gradually to realize.But; Because the size of subelement 80 is restricted; And subelement 80 sizes must make ultra material sheet be regarded as continuously electromagnetic response with interior ability at 1/5th of incident electromagnetic wave wavelength, so the full-size of subelement 80 can only be 1/5th of incident electromagnetic wave wavelength, and its refractive index value also is limited at this moment; The maximum that increases to gradually when above-mentioned refractive index then can't realize converging purpose greater than the refractive index value of this moment.
Because electromagnetic deflection angle and ultra material are along the refractive index variable quantity of y direction and relevant; And not relevant with the value of refractive index itself, therefore, innovative point of the present invention is; Adopt first to fourth section ultra material of refractive index value segmentation to realize converging; And the ultra material of each section makes electromagnetic deflection angle satisfy aggregation feature along the refractive index variable quantity of y direction, and the value of refractive index itself remains in the scope, and for example first section ultra material is along the refractive index a of y direction
1, a
2, a
3..., a
sWith the refractive index b of second section ultra material along the y direction
1, b
2, b
3..., b
q, the maximum a of the two
s, b
qWith minimum value a
1, b
1Be to equate that respectively this has just been avoided because of the excessive problem that can't make of the refractive index value that will satisfy.
Simultaneously; Under the condition that maximum and minimum value certain at ultra scantling, refractive index equate; Ultra material of the present invention has adopted the ultra material of four-part form and every section ultra material all can reach the mode of maximum and minimum value; And the refractive index of the ultra material of tradition has only two varied sections to reach maximum and minimum value respectively successively; Therefore the average rate of change of refractive index of the present invention is the twice of the average rate of change of the ultra material of tradition, and then electromagnetic deflection angle will be much larger than the ultra material of tradition, so focal length shortens.In other words, realize identical focal length, ultra material thickness then of the present invention helps realizing miniaturization and lighting with attenuate.
In sum, utilize above-mentioned electromagnetic wave plus lens can reduce the thickness of ultra material cell 20 in the directional antenna.
Please consult Fig. 9 in the lump, electromagnetic wave is reversible at the refraction path of electromagnetic wave plus lens, and the feed 10 that therefore is positioned at electromagnetic wave plus lens along sends electromagnetic wave and reflects parallel ejaculation through the electromagnetic wave plus lens, as passing path m and L among the figure.When ultra material cell 20a thing thickness is 1/2nd thickness of above-mentioned electromagnetic wave plus lens; And place a reflection of electromagnetic wave unit at ultra material cell 20a one side 30a place; The electromagnetic wave that feed 10 produces is after ultra material cell 20a refraction; It reflects the deviation path in ultra material cell 20a be m; Once more through ultra material cell 20a refraction, its refraction path in ultra material cell 20a is that k so electromagnetic wave reflect parallel ejaculation after ultra material cell 20a refraction once more via the reflection of electromagnetic wave plate to the electromagnetic scattering of refraction deviation on the reflection of electromagnetic wave plate and through the reflection of reflection of electromagnetic wave plate.
Based on above-mentioned principle, see also Figure 10, can design ultra material cell 20 of the present invention, promptly the thickness of material cell 20 (c/2) is less than the thickness (d/2) of ultra material cell 20a, i.e. c＜d.Thereby make electromagnetic wave in ultra material cell 20 refraction path M and K sum less than electromagnetic wave refraction path m and k sum in ultra material cell 20a.Therefore after ultra material cell 20 refractions of electromagnetic wave process, 30 reflections of first reflector element reached and reflect through ultra material cell 20 once more, electromagnetic scattering was propagated and directive second reflector element 40.Thereby draw ultra material cell 20 of the present invention.Certainly above-mentionedly just design above-mentioned ultra material cell 20 based on the refraction of electromagnetic wave plus lens.When making, at first utilize computer simulation design to go out the refraction of electromagnetic wave plus lens in actual production, confirm the number of plies of ultra material cell 20 thickness among the present invention or the ultra sheet of material 1 that superposes then according to scattering angle.
Combine accompanying drawing that embodiments of the invention are described above; But the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, and above-mentioned embodiment only is schematically, rather than restrictive; Those of ordinary skill in the art is under enlightenment of the present invention; Not breaking away under the scope situation that aim of the present invention and claim protect, also can make a lot of forms, these all belong within the protection of the present invention.
Claims (15)
1. directional antenna; It is characterized in that; Said directional antenna comprises feed, ultra material cell, flat first reflector element and second reflector element; Said ultra material cell comprises the ultra material layer of a slice at least, and said ultra material layer comprises a plurality of subelements, and said subelement comprises first material and is embedded in second material in first material; The electromagnetic wave that said feed gives off after the refraction of ultra material cell and scattering on first reflector element; First reflector element with the electromagnetic wave of scattering through reflection once more through ultra material cell refraction and scattering is penetrated, second reflector element is used for the reflection of electromagnetic wave of scattering ejaculation and horizontal infection.
2. directional antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that, forms at least one hole on first material of said subelement, and second material is placed in the said hole.
3. directional antenna according to claim 2 is characterized in that, said first material is selected any one in ceramic material, macromolecular material, ferroelectric material, ferrite material and the ferromagnetic material for use.
4. directional antenna according to claim 3 is characterized in that, said second material is selected any one in air, metal material, rubber, plastics and the resin material for use.
5. directional antenna according to claim 4 is characterized in that, said first reflector element and second reflector element all adopt the smooth metal minute surface.
6. directional antenna according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said ultra sheet of material is stacked into said ultra material cell along the x direction; Said subelement with the y direction perpendicular to the x direction be row, to serve as that row is lined up first array simultaneously perpendicular to the z direction of x, y direction, the refractive index of each sub-cells of every row is identical, the refractive index of the said subelement of every row is followed successively by a
1, a
2, a
3..., a
s, b
1, b
2, b
3..., b
m, c
1, c
2, c
3..., c
p, each refractive index satisfies:
a
1≤a
2≤a
3≤a
s, c
1>=c
2>=c
3>=c
pB wherein
1＜a
s, b
m＜c
1, and s, p be and be not less than 2 natural number, and m is not less than 1 natural number.
7. directional antenna according to claim 6 is characterized in that, said b
1, b
2, b
3..., b
mBetween exist below relation:
b
1≤b
2≤b
3≤b
q, b
q>=b
Q+1>=b
Q+2>=b
Q+3>=b
m, and q is the natural number less than m.
8. directional antenna according to claim 7 is characterized in that, the refractive index of the said subelement of every row also has following relation:
(a
2-a
1)≥(a
3-a
2)……≥(a
s-a
s-1)≥(b
2-b
1)≥(b
3-b
2)……≥(b
q-1-b
q)，
(b
q-b
q+1)≤(b
q+1-b
q+2)≤(b
q+2-b
q+3)……≤(b
m-1-b
m)≤(c
1-c
2)≤(c
2-c
3)≤(c
p-1-c
p)。
9. directional antenna according to claim 8 is characterized in that, above-mentioned refractive index also has following relation:
a
1=b
1=b
m=c
p, a
s=b
q=c
1, s=p, q＞s and q＞p, q=[(m+1)/2].
10. directional antenna according to claim 9 is characterized in that, said a plurality of ultra sheet of material are identical and have an identical refraction index profile.
11. according to claim 9ly converge electromagnetic ultra material; It is characterized in that; Said a plurality of ultra sheet of material has different refraction index profile; Is that stacked row, y direction serve as row constitute in second array by subelement with the x direction at each, is the center of circle with a center subelement, and a stacked row and its refractive index of row subelement of the said center of process subelement all are followed successively by a
1, a
2, a
3..., a
s, b
1, b
2, b
3..., b
m, c
1, c
2, c
3..., c
p
12. directional antenna according to claim 11 is characterized in that, the refractive index of said second array distributes ringwise, and the refractive index of the parton unit in a plurality of subelements on process any straight line in the said center of circle is followed successively by a
1, a
2, a
3..., a
s, b
1, b
2, b
3..., b
m, c
1, c
2, c
3..., c
p
13. directional antenna according to claim 2 is characterized in that, said hole is cylindrical hole, spherical pore, square opening, multiaspect body opening or irregular shape hole.
14. directional antenna according to claim 5 is characterized in that, said first reflector element is tabular.
15. directional antenna according to claim 5 is characterized in that, said second reflector element is arc surfaced or parabolic shape.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201110127383.5A CN102790277B (en) | 2011-05-17 | 2011-05-17 | Directional antenna |
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| CN102790277B CN102790277B (en) | 2015-04-15 |
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| US20140349637A1 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-11-27 | Elwha LLC, a limited liability corporation of the State of Delaware | Facilitating wireless communication in conjunction with orientation position |
| US9491637B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2016-11-08 | Elwha Llc | Portable wireless node auxiliary relay |
| CN106450789A (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2017-02-22 | 电子科技大学 | Low-profile lens antenna based on reflective array feed |
| US9608862B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-03-28 | Elwha Llc | Frequency accommodation |
| US9681311B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-06-13 | Elwha Llc | Portable wireless node local cooperation |
| US9793596B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-10-17 | Elwha Llc | Facilitating wireless communication in conjunction with orientation position |
| CN108808252A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2018-11-13 | 西安电子科技大学 | Pascal Greggory antenna based on super surface |
| WO2020135276A1 (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2020-07-02 | 华为技术有限公司 | Electromagnetic lens, antenna, and cpe |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US20140349637A1 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2014-11-27 | Elwha LLC, a limited liability corporation of the State of Delaware | Facilitating wireless communication in conjunction with orientation position |
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| CN106450789B (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2019-04-05 | 电子科技大学 | A kind of low section lens antenna based on reflective array feed |
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| CN102790277B (en) | 2015-04-15 |
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