CN102480059B - Metamaterial-based antenna - Google Patents
Metamaterial-based antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN102480059B CN102480059B CN 201110111983 CN201110111983A CN102480059B CN 102480059 B CN102480059 B CN 102480059B CN 201110111983 CN201110111983 CN 201110111983 CN 201110111983 A CN201110111983 A CN 201110111983A CN 102480059 B CN102480059 B CN 102480059B
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Abstract
A metamaterial-based antenna of an embodiment of the invention comprises a metamaterial panel with an electromagnetic wave converging function and a signal source on the focus of the metamaterial panel. The metamaterial panel comprises a circular zone and a plurality of annular zones concentric with the circular zone, wherein the refractive index in the circular zone and the annular zones continuously reduces as a radius increases, and is the same at the parts with the same radius, at least two adjacent zones (a first zone and a second zone) are provided in the plurality of zones, the refractive index in the first zone continuously reduces from n1 to n2 as the radius increases, the refractive index in the second zone continuously reduces from n3 to n4 as the radius increases, and n3 is greater than n2. The antenna converts an electromagnetic wave signal diverged in the form of spherical waves into an electromagnetic wave signal capable of being transmitted in long distance in the form of plane waves, has a small size and a simple fabrication process, and is convenient and flexible to design and suitable for large-scale production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of antenna, relate in particular to a kind of antenna based on super material.
Background technology
In the optics of routine, become plane wave after utilizing lens to make to be positioned at spherical wave that the point-source of light on the lens focus gives off through the lens refraction.Lens antenna is made up of lens and the radiator that is placed on the lens focus, the characteristic of utilizing lens to converge, and the electromagnetic wave that radiator is given off passes through the antenna of launching again after lens converge, and this antenna directivity is more intense.
Converging of lens is to rely on the refraction of the spherical shape of lens to realize at present, and as shown in Figure 1, the spherical wave that radiator 30 sends converges the back through spherical lens 40 and penetrates with plane wave.The inventor is in implementing process of the present invention, and find that there is following technical problem at least in lens antenna: the volume of sphere lens 40 is big and heavy, is unfavorable for the use of miniaturization; And sphere lens 40 has very big dependence for shape, needs relatively precisely could realize the direction propagation of antenna, thus to the requirement of machining accuracy also than higher, cost is higher.
Summary of the invention
Embodiment of the invention technical problem to be solved is, provides a kind of based on the antenna that exceeds material, and its volume is less, manufacturing process simple, cost is lower.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, a kind of antenna based on super material is provided, comprise: have the super material panel of electromagnetic wave aggregation feature and be positioned at signal source on the focus of described super material panel, described super material panel comprises at least one super sheet of material, described super sheet of material comprises the substrate and a plurality of artificial micro-structural that is arranged on the described substrate of sheet, the refraction index profile of each described super sheet of material is all identical, described super sheet of material comprises a border circular areas and a plurality of annular region concentric with border circular areas, in described border circular areas and the annular region refractive index reduce continuously along with the increase of radius and the refractive index at same radius place identical, at least there are two adjacent first areas and second area in a plurality of zones, refractive index is along with the increase of radius is reduced to n2 continuously from n1 in the first area, refractive index is along with the increase of radius is reduced to n4 continuously from n3 in the second area, and satisfies n3＞n2.
Technique scheme has following beneficial effect at least: the antenna based on super material of the embodiment of the invention comprises the signal source on the super material panel with electromagnetic wave aggregation feature and the focus that is positioned at super material panel.The refraction index profile of the super material internal of antenna utilization of the present invention realizes the electromagnetic wave signal dispersed from the spherical wave form to can be with the transformation of the electromagnetic wave signal of plane wave form long-distance transmissions, and this antenna volume is less, manufacturing process simple, design is convenient, flexible and can be mass-produced.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the lens antenna of existing spherical shape converges electromagnetic schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is that the antenna based on super material of one embodiment of the invention converges electromagnetic schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of super material panel of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is that the refractive index of super material panel shown in Figure 3 is with the schematic diagram of radius change;
Fig. 5 is the refractive index profile of super material panel on the yz plane shown in Figure 3;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of second embodiment that derives of artificial micro-structural shown in Figure 3;
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of the 3rd embodiment that derived by artificial micro-structural shown in Figure 6;
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram that the antenna based on super material of the present invention converges electromagnetic another embodiment.
Embodiment
Super material is a kind ofly to be elementary cell and to carry out spatial arrangement, have the new material of special electromagnetic response with ad hoc fashion with artificial micro-structural 2, comprises artificial micro-structural 2 and the substrate 1 that adheres to for artificial micro-structural.Artificial micro-structural 2 is planar structure or the stereochemical structure of being made up of at least one one metal wire, a plurality of artificial micro-structurals 2 array arrangement on substrate 1, each artificial micro-structural 2 with and accompanying substrate 1 shared part be a super material cell.Substrate 1 can be the different material of any and artificial micro-structural 2, and the stack of these two kinds of materials makes each super material cell produce an effective dielectric constant and magnetic permeability, these two physical parameters are corresponding respectively electric field response and the magnetic responsiveness of super material cell.Super material is that feature by artificial micro-structural 2 is determined to the feature of electromagnetic response, and the electromagnetic response of artificial micro-structural 2 depends on topological characteristic and its physical dimension that its pattern wiry has to a great extent.Topological graph and physical dimension according to each artificial micro-structural 2 of arranging in the super material space of above-mentioned principle design just can arrange the electromagnetic parameter of every bit in the super material.
The antenna based on super material that Figure 2 shows that one embodiment of the invention converges electromagnetic schematic diagram, and this antenna comprises: have the super material panel 10 of electromagnetic wave aggregation feature and be positioned at signal source 20 on the focus of super material panel 10.As common practise we as can be known, electromagnetic refractive index with
Proportional, when a branch of electromagnetic wave propagates into another medium by a kind of medium, electromagnetic wave can reflect, when the refraction index profile of material inside is non-homogeneous, electromagnetic wave will be to the bigger position deviation of refractive index ratio, by designing the electromagnetic parameter of every bit in the super material, just can adjust the refraction index profile of super material, and then reach the purpose that changes the electromagnetic wave propagation path.The electromagnetic wave that the spherical wave form sent from signal source 20 is dispersed according to above-mentioned principle is transformed into the electromagnetic wave of the plane wave form that is suitable for long-distance transmissions.
a
1≥a
2≥a
3≥……≥a
n (1)
b
1≥b
2≥b
3≥……≥b
n (2)
c
1≥c
2≥c
3≥……≥c
n (3)
B wherein
1＞a
n, c
1＞b
n, n is not less than 2 natural number, and formula (1) (2) (3) is not all got equal sign simultaneously.
Utilize super material panel 10 will be transformed into the electromagnetic wave of plane wave form from the electromagnetic wave that the spherical wave form that signal source 20 is sent is dispersed, more big the closer to deflection angle folded between edge's incident electromagnetic wave of super material panel 10 and the outgoing electromagnetic wave.Refractive index variable quantity between the adjacent super material cell is more big as can be known as common practise, and then electromagnetic deflection angle is more big.Therefore, for the electromagnetic wide-angle deviation of realizing super material panel 10 edges and the electromagnetic wave of realizing the plane wave form, the variations in refractive index of super material cell satisfies following relation in each zone:
(a
1-a
2)≤(a
2-a
3)≤……≤(a
n-1-a
n)≤(b
1-b
2)≤(b
2-b
3)≤……≤(b
n-1-b
n)≤(c
1-c
2)≤(c
2-c
3)≤……≤(c
n-1-c
n) (4)
Satisfying the super material panel 10 of above-mentioned variations in refractive index magnitude relation, for the electromagnetic wave that the spherical wave form of sending from signal source 20 is dispersed, is a with the refractive index
1Super material cell be the center of circle, therefore along with the refractive index variable quantity of the super material panel 10 of the increase of radius on the yz plane increases gradually, with a
1The super material cell at place is the center of circle, and the deviation angle is big during along with the increase incident electromagnetic wave outgoing of radius, and is more little the closer to its outgoing deflection angle of super material cell incident electromagnetic wave at place, the center of circle.By certain design and calculation, make these deflection angles satisfy certain rules successively, can realize the parallel outgoing of sphere electromagnetic wave.Be similar to convex lens, as long as know each surface point to the deviation angle of light and the refractive index of material, can design corresponding surface curvature feature and make from the parallel outgoing of lens focus incident divergent rays.In like manner the antenna based on super material of the present invention is by the artificial micro-structural 2 of each super material cell of design, obtain DIELECTRIC CONSTANT and the magnetic permeability μ of this unit, and then make the change of refractive amount Δ n of each adjacent super material cell can realize the specific deviation angle of electromagnetic wave to the refraction index profile design of super material panel 10, can realize that electromagnetic wave that the spherical wave form is dispersed changes the electromagnetic wave of plane form into.
In order to represent super sheet of material 3 refractive index refractive index regularity of distribution on the yz face more intuitively, the super material cell that refractive index is identical is linked to be a line, and represent the size of refractive index with the density of line, the more close refractive index of line is more big, then meet above all relational expressions super sheet of material 3 refraction index profile as shown in Figure 5.
Experimental results show that, the artificial micro-structural 2 of identical patterns, its physical dimension is directly proportional with DIELECTRIC CONSTANT, therefore under the situation that incident electromagnetic wave is determined, artificial micro-structural 2 the arranging on super sheet of material of topological pattern and different size by the artificial micro-structural 2 of appropriate design, just can adjust the refraction index profile of super material panel 10, and then realize that electromagnetic wave that the spherical wave form is dispersed changes the electromagnetic wave of plane form into.
But the artificial micro-structural 2 that realizes above-mentioned refractive index and refractive index variable quantity distribution relation has a variety of implementations, and for the artificial micro-structural 2 of planar structure, its geometry can be that axial symmetry also can non-axial symmetry; For three-dimensional structure, it can the rotational symmetric any 3-D graphic of right and wrong 90 degree.
The artificial micro-structural 2 on plane all is attached on the surface of flat substrates 1 as shown in Figure 3.Artificial micro-structural 2 is " worker " font among the figure, comprises vertical first wire 201 and is connected to first wire, 201 two ends and perpendicular to second wire 202 of first wire 201.Super material panel 10 is made of a plurality of identical super sheet of material 3, the size maximum that comprises the artificial micro-structural 2 of annular region that a border circular areas and a plurality of and border circular areas are concentric and circle centre position on the yz plane of each super sheet of material 3, the size of the artificial micro-structural 2 of each interior " worker " font in zone is along with the increase of radius reduces continuously, and the artificial micro-structural 2 at same radius place is measure-alike; At least there are two adjacent first areas and second area in a plurality of zones, the change in size scope of artificial micro-structural 2 common factor is non-NULL in these two adjacent areas, be the center of circle with artificial micro-structural 2 size maximums namely, along with the increase of radius exists two adjacent first areas and second area at least successively, the size of maximum artificial micro-structural 2 is greater than the size of artificial micro-structural 2 minimum in the first area in the second area.
Need to prove that because in fact super material cell is a cube but not a point, therefore above-mentioned circle, annular are approximate description, the identical or essentially identical super material cell of actual refractive index distributes at a zigzag circumference.When being similar to computer with smoothed curves such as square pixels point-rendering circle, ellipses, its specific design carries out the programming mode (for example OpenGL) of described point, curve is shown as smoothly when pixel is very little with respect to curve, and curve shows sawtooth when pixel is big with respect to curve.
Embodiment illustrated in fig. 6 is deriving of artificial micro-structural 2 shown in Figure 3, the artificial micro-structural 2 of deriving among Fig. 6 not only comprises first wire 201 and second wire 202 of formation " worker " font, also comprises being connected to second wire, 202 two ends and perpendicular to the 3rd wire 203 of second wire 202.
Embodiment illustrated in fig. 7 then is further the deriving of artificial micro-structural 2 of Fig. 6, and its artificial micro-structural 2 also comprises on the basis of Fig. 6 and is connected to the 3rd wire 203 two ends and perpendicular to the 4th wire 204 of the 3rd wire 203.The rest may be inferred, and artificial micro-structural 2 of the present invention also has infinite a plurality of.The length of second wire 202 less than the length of first wire, 201, the three wires 203 less than the length of second wire, 202, the four wires 204 less than the 3rd wire 203, the rest may be inferred.
Wherein, 201 in each first wire is connected with second wire 202, does not intersect with other any wires; Any N wire only intersects with (N+1) wire with (N-1) wire and is connected, and will not intersect by other any wires, and N is more than or equal to 2 here.
Be to be understood that, the antenna based on super material of the embodiment of the invention can adopt the artificial micro-structural 2 of symmetrical structures such as " king " font or " ten " font, also can adopt the artificial micro-structural 2 of other unsymmetric structures, as long as the refraction index profile of each super sheet of material 3 on the yz face satisfy above-mentioned all relational expressions, by to shape, the size of artificial micro-structural 2 with arrange to arrange and to realize that electromagnetic wave that the spherical wave form is dispersed changes the electromagnetic wave of plane form into.
During concrete enforcement, can be by calculating and emulation draw its dielectric constant and magnetic permeability, the continuous shape and size of the artificial micro-structural 2 of adjustment then satisfy above-mentioned refraction index profile up to the value of its dielectric constant and magnetic permeability.
Artificial micro-structural 2 is made of wires such as at least one copper wire or filamentary silvers in above-described embodiment, has special pattern.Metal wire by etching, plating, brill quarter, photoetching, electronics is carved or ion quarter etc. method be attached on the substrate 1.Wherein etching is more excellent manufacturing process, its step is behind the plane pattern that designs suitable artificial micro-structural 2, earlier a tinsel integrally is attached on the substrate 1, pass through etching machines then, utilize the chemical reaction of solvent and metal to get rid of artificial micro-structural 2 predetermined pattern paillon foil part in addition, the remaining artificial micro-structural 2 that can obtain array arrangement.Substrate 1 is made by pottery, macromolecular material, ferroelectric material, ferrite material or ferromagnetic material etc.For example, macromolecular materials such as polytetrafluoroethylene, epoxy resin, FR4, F4b.
The both side surface of the super material panel 10 that adopts based on the antenna of super material of the present invention also is respectively arranged with the impedance matching layer (not shown), the impedance of one side of impedance matching layer and air impedance phase are together, the impedance phase of the impedance of opposite side and super material panel 10 together, middle impedance changes continuously and forms an impedance transition mechanism layer, eliminate the impedance sudden change of 10 of air and super material panels, and then reduced electromagnetic reflection.Impedance matching layer can adopt common material to make and also can adopt super material to make, need only at air and 10 of super material panels and form the purpose that the impedance transition mechanism layer can satisfy impedance matching.
Fig. 8 is the schematic diagram that the antenna based on super material of the present invention converges electromagnetic another embodiment, antenna in the present embodiment is on the basis of the antenna that above-described embodiment is explained, between super material panel 10 and signal source 20, be filled with dielectric constant greater than the packing material 50 of air, can increase electromagnetic wave propagates into 10 processes of super material panel from signal source 20 light path, be equivalent to space " flattening ", be equivalent at special properties signal source 20 is placed on place far away, and then realize better deviation effect.
The refraction index profile of super material panel 10 on the yz plane that adopts based on the antenna of super material of the present invention is " annular ", and there are a border circular areas and a plurality of annular region concentric with border circular areas, refractive index is along with the increase refractive index of radius reduces continuously in each border circular areas and annular region, and there is the saltus step of refractive index in the intersection in two adjacent zones.The refractive index gradient of super material panel 10 of the present invention is bigger, has stronger converging power.
The above is the specific embodiment of the present invention; should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also are considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. antenna based on super material, it is characterized in that, comprise: have the super material panel of electromagnetic wave aggregation feature and be positioned at signal source on the focus of described super material panel, described super material panel comprises at least one super sheet of material, described super sheet of material comprises the substrate and a plurality of artificial micro-structural that is arranged on the described substrate of sheet, the refraction index profile of each described super sheet of material is all identical, described super sheet of material comprises a border circular areas and a plurality of annular region concentric with border circular areas, in described border circular areas and the annular region refractive index reduce continuously along with the increase of radius and the refractive index at same radius place identical, at least there are two adjacent first areas and second area in a plurality of zones, refractive index is along with the increase of radius is reduced to n2 continuously from n1 in the first area, refractive index is along with the increase of radius is reduced to n4 continuously from n3 in the second area, and satisfies n3〉n2;
Both side surface at described super material panel is respectively arranged with impedance matching layer, and the impedance of a side of impedance matching layer and air impedance phase are same, and the impedance of opposite side and the impedance phase of super material panel are same, and the impedance of the centre of impedance matching layer changes continuously.
2. the antenna based on super material as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described super material panel is piled up by a plurality of super sheet of material and forms.
3. the antenna based on super material as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, described artificial micro-structural has identical geometry, the size of artificial micro-structural reduces continuously along with the increase of radius and the artificial micro-structural at same radius place measure-alike in each described zone, at least have two adjacent first areas and second area in a plurality of zones, the change in size scope of artificial micro-structural common factor is non-NULL in described two adjacent areas.
4. the antenna based on super material as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, each described artificial micro-structural is planar structure or the stereochemical structure of being made up of at least one one metal wire.
5. the antenna based on super material as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, described wire is copper wire or filamentary silver.
6. the antenna based on super material as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, described wire is attached on the substrate by etching, plating, brill quarter, photoetching, electronics is carved or ion is carved method.
7. the antenna based on super material as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described substrate is made by pottery, macromolecular material, ferroelectric material, ferrite material or ferromagnetic material.
8. the antenna based on super material as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described artificial micro-structural is " worker " font, " ten " font or " king " font.
9. as claim 1 or 8 described antennas based on super material, it is characterized in that, between described super material panel and signal source, be filled with dielectric constant greater than the material of air.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110111983 CN102480059B (en) | 2011-04-30 | 2011-04-30 | Metamaterial-based antenna |
| PCT/CN2011/083068 WO2012149824A1 (en) | 2011-04-30 | 2011-11-28 | Antenna based on metamaterial, microwave thermal therapy radiator, and microwave thermal therapy device |
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| CN 201110111983 CN102480059B (en) | 2011-04-30 | 2011-04-30 | Metamaterial-based antenna |
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| CN102480059A CN102480059A (en) | 2012-05-30 |
| CN102480059B true CN102480059B (en) | 2013-07-03 |
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| CN102820550B (en) * | 2012-07-31 | 2015-05-27 | 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 | Microwave antenna with metal elliptical surface and elliptical-like metal metamaterial as sub-reflecting surfaces |
| CN108922511B (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2023-05-05 | 广东工业大学 | Acoustic super-surface structure and acoustic antenna device |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101699659A (en) * | 2009-11-04 | 2010-04-28 | 东南大学 | Lens antenna |
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| CN100334468C (en) * | 2004-05-21 | 2007-08-29 | 粟毅 | Impedance matching device for broad band impulse signal ground penetrating radar |
| US7570432B1 (en) * | 2008-02-07 | 2009-08-04 | Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. | Metamaterial gradient index lens |
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| CN101699659A (en) * | 2009-11-04 | 2010-04-28 | 东南大学 | Lens antenna |
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