CN102769195B - Metamaterial imaging device - Google Patents
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- CN102769195B CN102769195B CN201110111948.0A CN201110111948A CN102769195B CN 102769195 B CN102769195 B CN 102769195B CN 201110111948 A CN201110111948 A CN 201110111948A CN 102769195 B CN102769195 B CN 102769195B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a metamaterial imaging device which comprises a first metamaterial. Echoes reflected by the surface of an object in a scattered manner are collected and imaged by the first metamaterial, the first metamaterial comprises a functional layer consisting of a plurality of parallel sheet layers, each sheet layer comprises a sheet-shaped substrate and a plurality of artificial microstructures arranged on the sheet-shaped substrate in an attached manner, each sheet-shaped substrate is divided into a plurality of unit blocks, each artificial microstructure and the corresponding unit block occupied by the artificial microstructure form a unit cell, each unit cell has anisotropic electromagnetic parameters, the multiple unit cells arranged along a first direction of each sheet layer are divided into a first middle area and a plurality of first banded areas positioned on two sides of the first middle area, the refractive index of each first banded area is continuously increased towards the corresponding first middle area, and the refractive indexes of each two adjacent banded areas are discontinuous. The metamaterial imaging device is provided with the first metamaterial with a collecting function to replace a convex lens for imaging, and has the advantage of simplicity in processing technology.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to super Material Field, more particularly, relate to a kind of super material imaging device.
Background technology
Microwave imaging be exactly first to target emitting electromagnetic wave (microwave band), then the scatter echo of receiving target is carried out imaging.Prior art, electromagnetic wave scioptics are converged in object being measured, again diffuse reflection part electromagnetic wave scioptics are out pooled to picture, converging of lens is to realize and converging by the refraction of the spherical shape of lens, this method will obtain high-resolution image just needs the high-precision plus lens of manufacturing, and says and is difficult to realize from processing technology.And the medium of lens is easily aging.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is the above-mentioned defect for prior art, and a kind of super material imaging device is provided, and this device replaces lens with the super material with aggregation feature, has the simple advantage of processing technology.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: a kind of super material imaging device, described device comprise irreflexive body surface echo is pooled to picture the first surpass material, the described material that the first surpasses comprises a functional layer, described functional layer comprises multiple lamellas that are parallel to each other, each lamella comprises plate shape substrates and is attached to the multiple artificial micro-structural of array arrangement on plate shape substrates, described plate shape substrates is divided into multiple cell blocks, each artificial micro-structural cell block occupied with it forms a cell, described each cell has anisotropic electromagnetic parameter, multiple cells that each lamella is arranged along first direction are divided into the first zone line and are positioned at multiple first belt-like zones of the first zone line both sides, the refractive index of each the first belt-like zone all increases continuously to the first zone line, and the refractive index of adjacent two the first belt-like zones is discontinuous.
Further, same lamella is identical along its refractive index of multiple cells of arranging perpendicular to the second direction of first direction.
Further, the refractive index maximum of the described cell that the first surpasses its center of multiple cells in the plane of material in being formed by first direction and second direction, taking this center as the center of circle, the refractive index of the cell on same annulus is identical, its multiple second belt-like zones that are divided into the second zone line and are distributed in the second zone line both sides of multiple cells on arbitrary diameter, the refractive index of each the second belt-like zone all increases continuously to the second zone line, and the refractive index of adjacent two the second belt-like zones is discontinuous.
Further, the refractive index of the cell of described the first zone line both sides is symmetrical centered by the first zone line, and the refractive index of the cell of described the second zone line both sides is symmetrical centered by the second zone line.
Further, its optical axis of the cell in the first zone line on each lamella is parallel with second direction, and its optical axis of all cells that is positioned at first zone line the same side is parallel, and the optical axis of both sides cell is with respect to the first zone line symmetry.
Further, its optical axis of multiple cells that each lamella is arranged along first direction is rotated to both sides successively by the first zone line, and its optical axis of multiple cells of arranging along second direction is parallel.
Further, its optical axis of cell in the first zone line in multiple cells that each lamella is arranged along first direction is parallel with second direction, parallel with first direction in two its optical axises of cell at two ends.
Further, multiple artificial micro-structural on each lamella has identical figure, and in the multiple artificial micro-structural of arranging along first direction, the artificial micro-structural of size maximum is positioned at the first zone line, the size of the artificial micro-structural of each the first belt-like zone all increases continuously to the first zone line, and the artificial microstructure size of adjacent two the first belt-like zones is discontinuous.
Further, it is measure-alike for the multiple artificial micro-structural that each lamella is arranged along second direction.
Further, in the described multiple artificial micro-structural the first surpassing in the plane of material in being made up of first direction and second direction, the artificial micro-structural of size maximum is positioned at the second zone line, artificial microstructure size on same annulus is identical, the size of the artificial micro-structural of each the second belt-like zone all increases continuously to the second zone line, and the artificial microstructure size of adjacent two the second belt-like zones is discontinuous.
Further, described artificial micro-structural is the rotational symmetric figure of non-90 degree.
Further, the I-shape construction that described artificial micro-structural is plane or plane flakes structure.
Further, the described material that the first surpasses also comprises the impedance matching layer being arranged on the functional layer plane of incidence and/or exit facet.
Further, described device also comprises the electromagnetic radiator of radiation detection and converges to the focal element of body surface to be imaged by detecting electromagnetic wave, and described focal element is convex lens, or for the first surpass material function structure identical the second surpass material.
Implement super material imaging device of the present invention, use the material that the first surpasses with aggregation feature to replace processing technology to require high lens, therefore add technique simple, can greatly save process time, improve working (machining) efficiency.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that the first embodiment of the present invention the first surpasses its functional layer of material;
Fig. 2 is depicted as the schematic cross-section of index ellipsoid in xy plane;
Fig. 3 is that the electromagnetic wave that the first embodiment of the present invention the first surpasses its functional layer of material converges schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation that the second embodiment of the present invention the first surpasses its functional layer of material;
Fig. 5 is that the electromagnetic wave that the second embodiment of the present invention the first surpasses its functional layer of material converges schematic diagram;
Fig. 6 is the assembling schematic diagram that the first surpasses its functional layer of material and impedance matching layer provided by the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of the alabastrine artificial micro-structural of plane;
Fig. 8 is the structural representation of super material imaging device of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the refraction index profile schematic diagram of its functional layer of material in xz plane that the first surpass of the present invention.
Embodiment
" super material " refers to artificial composite structure or the composite material that some have the not available extraordinary physical property of natural material.By the structurally ordered design on the key physical yardstick at material, can break through the restriction of some apparent natural law, thereby obtain the meta-materials function that exceeds the intrinsic common character of nature.
Three key characters that " super material " has:
(1) " super material " normally has novel artificial structure's composite material;
(2) " super material " has extraordinary physical property (natural material is not available often);
(3) " super material " character is determined jointly by the intrinsic properties of constituent material and artificial micro-structural wherein.
The present invention utilizes super material technology to build a kind of super material imaging device.Specific as follows:
As shown in Fig. 1 to 8, according to super material imaging device of the present invention, comprise the electromagnetic radiator 200 of radiation detection, the first surpass material 400 by what detect that electromagnetic wave converges to the focal element 300 of body surface to be imaged and irreflexive body surface echo is pooled to picture.Described focal element 300 is convex lens, or for the first surpass material 400 functional structures identical the second surpass material.In the present embodiment, be preferably and the second surpass material 3.Functional structure is herein identical, refers to the second to surpass the electromagnetic wave that material can send radiator 200 and converge to body surface P.In the present invention, the detection electromagnetic wave that radiator 200 sends, by after the second surpassing material 3 and converging, is mapped to the surperficial P of object to be imaged, at the surperficial P of object to be imaged, diffuse reflection occurs, and irreflexive part electromagnetic wave pools picture by the first surpassing material 1 again.Radiator above can be the devices such as the transmitter of similar antenna.
The material that the first surpasses of the present invention comprises a functional layer 10, described functional layer 10 comprises multiple lamellas that are parallel to each other 1, each lamella 1 comprises plate shape substrates 2 and is attached to the multiple artificial micro-structural 3 of array arrangement on plate shape substrates 2, described plate shape substrates 2 is divided into multiple cell block V, each artificial micro-structural 3 cell block V occupied with it forms a cell 4, multiple cells that each lamella 1 is arranged along first direction are divided into multiple the first belt-like zone D1 that are distributed in the first zone line S1 both sides, the refractive index of each the first belt-like zone D1 all increases continuously to the first zone line S1, and the refractive index of adjacent two the first belt-like zones is discontinuous.The first zone line S1 forms by a cell or by multiple cells of identical refractive index.Discontinuous the referring to of refractive index herein, refractive index is not continuous increase, has a process for sudden change in adjacent position, the refractive index of the cell of the adjoining position of two adjacent the first belt-like zones reduces suddenly to the first zone line S1 direction.For example, certain two first adjacent its refractive indexes of belt-like zone D1 are respectively 2 to 5 (increasing continuously) and 3 to 6 (increasing continuously), refractive index is that 5 cell and refractive index are 3 cell is adjacent, refractive index 2 to 5 increases continuously before this, suddenly change again to 3, do not increase continuously, can be considered that refractive index is discontinuous.In addition.Described in the present invention, each cell 4 has anisotropic electromagnetic parameter.Each cell block can be identical square, it can be cube, also cuboid, the length of each cell block V is of a size of below 1/5th of incident electromagnetic wave wavelength (be generally wavelength 1/10th), to make whole super material have continuous electric field and/or magnetic responsiveness to electromagnetic wave.Each cell 4 has anisotropic electromagnetic parameter and refers to, in cell space the refraction index profile of every bit be not every all identical, its refractive index be ellipsoid distribute, this ellipsoid is called index ellipsoid.For arbitrary given cell, can calculate its index ellipsoid by the analog simulation software of prior art and computational methods, for example list of references Electromagnetic parameter retrieval from inhomogeneous metamaterials, D.R.Smith, D.C.Vier, T.Koschny, C.M.Soukoulis, the method of recording in PhysicalReview E 71,036617 (2005).Above-mentioned first direction refers to the x direction of principal axis in Fig. 1.
For the artificial micro-structural with planar structure, isotropism, referring to that, for the arbitrary electromagnetic wave with unspecified angle incident on this two dimensional surface, electric field response and the magnetic responsiveness of above-mentioned artificial micro-structural in this plane is all identical, is also that dielectric constant is identical with magnetic permeability; For the artificial micro-structural with three-dimensional structure, isotropism refers to the electromagnetic wave for incident in three-dimensional either direction, and electric field response and the magnetic responsiveness of each above-mentioned artificial micro-structural on three dimensions is all identical.In the time that artificial micro-structural is 90 degree rotational symmetry structure, artificial micro-structural has isotropic feature.
For two-dimension plane structure, 90 degree Rotational Symmetries refer to that it overlaps with original structure after any 90-degree rotation of rotating shaft perpendicular to this plane and its symmetrical centre of mistake around one in this plane; For three-dimensional structure, if there are 3 rotating shafts of vertical and common intersection point (intersection point is pivot) between two, this structure is all overlapped with original structure after arbitrary rotating shaft 90-degree rotation or with original structure with an interface symmetry, this structure is 90 degree rotational symmetry structures.
Correspondingly, if artificial micro-structural does not meet plane or three-dimensional 90 degree Rotational Symmetries (non-90 degree Rotational Symmetries), it is anisotropy (having equally two-dimentional anisotropy and three-dimensional anisotropy).
The schematic cross-section in the xy of electromagnetic incident direction plane (taking I-shaped artificial micro-structural as example) that is illustrated in figure 2 index ellipsoid, this cross section is an ellipse, n
eaxle represents the optical axis of this index ellipsoid 5, set two dimensional surface origin of coordinates O in index ellipsoid in the heart, with n
eaxle is y axle, and the direction vertical with y axle is x axle, any point n of index ellipsoid in xy plane
x, n
yrepresent, as common practise, we know, its propagation constant of ripple k of the light by this index ellipsoid can be represented by following two formula at y axle and axial two components of x, i.e. k
yn
xω/c, k
xn
yω/c; Wherein, ω is electromagnetic angular frequency, and c is the light velocity; By coordinate transform, we can obtain propagation constant k and in this element lattice, are also oval and distribute, and its oval and index ellipsoid be identical shape at the ellipse of this xy plane, and orthogonal on position.In like manner, we can obtain propagation constant k and in three dimensions, are also ellipsoid and distribute, and the pass of itself and index ellipsoid is that shape is identical and orthogonal.This ellipsoid of definition k is that ripple is propagated ellipsoid 6.Visible, ripple is propagated ellipsoid 6 identical with index ellipsoid 5 shapes (size is not necessarily identical), and ripple propagates the short-axis direction that the long axis direction of ellipsoid 6 is index ellipsoid, and the long axis direction that the short-axis direction of ripple propagation ellipsoid 6 is index ellipsoid.X in Fig. 2, y axle are only to propagate for the efferent echo of deriving the definition that ellipsoid 6 does, different from other accompanying drawing.
The deviation direction of electromagnetic wave after cell 4 can be propagated ellipsoid by ripple and draw.As shown in Figure 2, for the electromagnetic wave of direction incident as shown in Figure 2, propagate on the face of ellipsoid 6 a bit crossing with the ripple of wanting outgoing, do this joining and propagate the tangent line of ellipsoid 6 about ripple, the normal direction of the tangent line that the point of intersection is done is electromagnetic direction of propagation of energy, and therefore electromagnetic wave is propagated along this direction at super material internal energy.Electromagnetic wave advances until while leaving super material along this direction, described normal extend to crossing with the surface (exit facet) of lamella after, intersection point on exit facet continues along the direction outgoing parallel with incident direction, and this exit direction is the electromagnetic wave phase place direction of propagation.That is to say, the super material of anisotropy, can change by electromagnetic direction of propagation of energy wherein, and not change its phase place direction of propagation, and translation occurs when electromagnetic wave outgoing.Certainly, having a prerequisite here, is exactly that refraction index profile in super material is even, evenly referring to herein, and each cell has identical index ellipsoid.
Inhomogeneous and electromagnetic wave is to anisotropic super material for refraction index profile, electromagnetic wave all can change through its direction of propagation of energy after so super material and the phase place direction of propagation.Wherein, the phase place direction of propagation determines by the non-uniform Distribution of refractive index, and direction of propagation of energy is determined jointly by the non-uniform Distribution of refractive index and the distribution of anisotropic cell optical axis.
In the present invention, related first direction refers to the direction of the row of the artificial micro-structural 3 of array arrangement on each lamella 1, and second direction refers to the direction of the row of above-mentioned array, and third direction refers to the direction perpendicular to sheet surfaces.In each accompanying drawing (except Fig. 2), first direction, second direction and third direction represent with x axle, y axle and the z direction of principal axis of three-dimensional system of coordinate respectively.
Refractive index can represent the change of Electromagnetic Wave Propagation direction, known refractive index
wherein μ is magnetic permeability, and ε is dielectric constant, and k gets positive and negative 1 (in the time that k equals negative 1, representing negative refraction).Experiment showed, when electromagnetic wave passes through super material, can be to the large direction deviation of refractive index (to the large cell deviation of refractive index).Thus, under the immovable condition of magnetic permeability μ, can obtain by changing DIELECTRIC CONSTANT ε the refractive index that we want, therefore, by the dielectric constant of inner each cell in appropriate design functional layer 10, can obtain the convergence effect that we want arbitrarily.
Figure 1 shows that the structural representation that the first surpasses material function layer 10 of first embodiment of the invention, described artificial micro-structural 3 is I-shaped metal micro structure, the rectangular array arrangement of artificial micro-structural 3 on each lamella 1 of described functional layer 10, multiple artificial micro-structural 3 on each lamella 1 has identical I-shaped figure, and in the multiple artificial micro-structural 3 of arranging along x direction of principal axis, the artificial micro-structural of size maximum is positioned at the first zone line S1, the size of the artificial micro-structural of each the first belt-like zone D1 all increases continuously to the first zone line S1, and the artificial microstructure size of adjacent two the first belt-like zone D1 is discontinuous.Discontinuous the referring to of size herein, the size of artificial micro-structural is not continuous increase, has a process for sudden change in adjacent position, the refractive index of the cell of the adjoining position of two adjacent the first belt-like zones reduces suddenly to the first zone line S1 direction.Multiple artificial micro-structural 3 its sizes that each lamella is arranged along y direction of principal axis remain unchanged.In the embodiment that Fig. 3 represents, S1 is a cell, and still, according to different needs, the first zone line S1 can be also the cell of multiple artificial micro-structurals with same size.Obtain by experiment, the dielectric constant that the artificial micro-structural of same figure shows in same cell is along with its size increases and increases.Therefore, in the present embodiment, the arrange rule of the dielectric constant that is actually cell 4 of the rule of artificial microstructure size is arranged, and in the situation that magnetic permeability is constant, can be considered it is that the rule of cell 4 refractive indexes distributes.Thus, in the present embodiment, the refractive index of each the first belt-like zone D1 all increases continuously to the first zone line S1, and the refractive index of adjacent two the first belt-like zone S1 is discontinuous.And multiple cells 4 its refractive indexes that the first lamella is arranged in the y-direction remain unchanged.
In addition, as shown in Figure 3, in this enforcement, the size of multiple cells 4 its artificial micro-structurals 3 of arranging along z direction of principal axis also remains unchanged, and therefore, the refractive index of multiple cells 4 of arranging along z direction of principal axis also remains unchanged.And, in the present embodiment, the artificial micro-structural of described the first zone line S1 both sides is symmetrical arranged taking the middle position of the first zone line S1 as symmetry axis, to make the refractive index of cell (cell of arranging in the x-direction) of described the first zone line S1 both sides symmetrical centered by the first zone line S1.
Simultaneously, as shown in Figure 3, in the present embodiment, its optical axis of cell that is positioned at the first zone line S1 on each lamella is parallel with y direction, its optical axis of all cells that is positioned at first zone line S1 the same side is parallel, and the optical axis of both sides cell is symmetrical arranged with the first zone line S1 relatively.And optical axis direction and the y direction of the first zone line S1 both sides are not parallel.
In the present embodiment, because the refractive index rule of cell of each row (x direction) is identical, therefore, each cell all has the effect of converging (making electromagnetic wave all the time from two side positions of lamella to centre position deviation) to electromagnetic wave, electromagnetic wave is by after multiple cells, deviation effect is added up, and due to the anisotropic characteristic of each cell, make the electromagnetic outgoing position can be controlled, by controlling the angle of optical axis and y axle, can control the outgoing position of electromagnetism.Fig. 3 expresses parallel electromagnetic wave and realizes afterwards by super material function layer the schematic diagram converging.
Figure 4 shows that the structural representation that the first surpasses material function layer 10 of second embodiment of the invention, described artificial micro-structural 3 is I-shaped metal micro structure, the rectangular array arrangement of artificial micro-structural 3 on each lamella 1 of described functional layer 10, multiple artificial micro-structural 3 on each lamella 1 has identical I-shaped figure, and in the multiple artificial micro-structural 3 of arranging along x direction of principal axis, the artificial micro-structural of size maximum is positioned at the first zone line S1, the size of the artificial micro-structural of each the first belt-like zone D1 all increases continuously to the first zone line S1, and the artificial microstructure size of adjacent two the first belt-like zone D1 is discontinuous.Multiple artificial micro-structural 3 its sizes that each lamella is arranged along y direction of principal axis remain unchanged.In the embodiment that Fig. 4 represents, S1 is a cell, and still, according to different needs, the first zone line S1 can be also the cell of multiple artificial micro-structurals with same size.Simultaneously, as shown in Figure 9, the described artificial micro-structural that the first surpasses size maximum in the multiple artificial micro-structural 3 of material in xz plane is positioned at the second zone line S2, the second zone line S2 can be a cell, also multiple cells of identical refractive index, artificial micro-structural 3 on same annulus is measure-alike, the size of the artificial micro-structural 3 of each the second belt-like zone D2 all increases continuously to the second zone line S2, and the artificial microstructure size of adjacent two the second belt-like zone D2 is discontinuous.Obtain by experiment, the dielectric constant that the artificial micro-structural of same figure shows in same cell is along with its size increases and increases.Therefore, in the present embodiment, the arrange rule of the dielectric constant that is actually cell 4 of the rule of artificial microstructure size is arranged, and in the situation that magnetic permeability is constant, can be considered it is that the rule of cell 4 refractive indexes distributes.Thus, in the present embodiment, the refractive index of each the first belt-like zone D1 all increases continuously to the first zone line S1, and the refractive index of adjacent two the first belt-like zone S1 is discontinuous.And multiple cells 4 its refractive indexes that each lamella is arranged in the y-direction remain unchanged.Simultaneously, due to above-mentioned the arrange rule of artificial micro-structural in xz plane, make multiple cells of arranging in xz plane there is refraction index profile as shown in Figure 9, it is the refractive index maximum of the described cell that the first surpasses multiple cells 4 its centers of material in xz plane, taking this center as the center of circle, the refractive index of the cell on same annulus is identical, the refractive index of the second belt-like zone D2 on arbitrary diameter all increases continuously to the second zone line S2, and the refractive index of adjacent two the second belt-like zone D2 is discontinuous.In Fig. 9, the density of lines represents the size of refractive index, the closeer expression refractive index of lines is larger, we can find out that the lines of each the second belt-like zone D2 are all to the second zone line S2 direction from sparse to dense, and the refraction index profile of each the second belt-like zone D2 is all to increase continuously to the second zone line S2 direction.
And, in the present embodiment, the artificial micro-structural of described the first zone line S1 both sides is symmetrical arranged taking the middle position of the first zone line S1 as symmetry axis, and the artificial micro-structural of described the second zone line S2 both sides is symmetrical arranged taking the middle position of the second zone line S2 as symmetry axis, to make, the refractive index of the cell (cell of arranging in the x-direction) of described the first zone line S1 both sides is symmetrical centered by the first zone line S1, the refractive index of the cell (the multiple cells in same diametric(al)) of described the second zone line S1 both sides is symmetrical centered by the second zone line S2.
In addition, as shown in Figures 4 and 5, in the present embodiment, multiple cells 4 its optical axises that each lamella 1 is arranged are in the x-direction rotated to both sides successively by the first zone line S1, and its optical axis of multiple cells of arranging is in the y-direction parallel.Cell 4 its optical axises in multiple cells that each lamella 1 is arranged in the x-direction in the first zone line S1 are parallel with y direction, parallel with x direction in two cells, 4 its optical axises at two ends.
In the present embodiment, the refractive index spatial above-mentioned due to functional layer 10 distributes, and can realize and converging.Obtain by experiment, the deviation angle of electromagnetic wave by each cell is relevant with the refractive index of adjacent cell, and electromagnetic wave can be to the large cell deviation of refractive index, and electromagnetic wave is in super material after multiple cells, and deviation effect can be added up.Therefore, by the refractive index of each cell of appropriate design, and the thickness of super material (determining electromagnetic cumulative effects), can also realize all electromagnetic waves and converge at a bit.Certainly to realize and converging at a bit, also will meet following condition, that is:
(1) refractive index variable quantity of multiple the first belt-like zone D1 in first zone line S1 the same side reduces to the first zone line S1 continuously from side, it is refractive index difference maximum in the time of lateral location of adjacent two cells, near the refractive index difference minimum of the cell of the first zone line cell adjacent with its outside, other position is reduced to the first zone line continuously by side.
(2) in xz plane, the refractive index variable quantity of the multiple cells in the rectilinear direction in same diameter reduces to the second zone line S2 continuously from side, the i.e. refractive index difference of adjacent two cells in the rectilinear direction in same diameter maximum in the time of lateral location, near the refractive index difference minimum of the cell of the first zone line cell adjacent with its outside, other position is reduced to the second zone line continuously by side.
In addition, due to the specific configuration of optical axis, can make electromagnetic wave more converge, reach electromagnetic energy more concentrated.In addition, than the first embodiment, because optical axis is orderly rotating successively, can not cause electromagnetic division.
The plate shape substrates 2 of functional layer 10 of the present invention can adopt ceramic material, macromolecular material, ferroelectric material, ferrite material or ferromagnetic material to make.Above-mentioned macromolecular material can be polytetrafluoroethylene.The electrical insulating property of polytetrafluoroethylene is very good, and therefore can electromagnetic electric field not produced and be disturbed, and there is good chemical stability, corrosion resistance, long service life, the base material adhering to as metal micro structure is good selection.Certainly the also composite material such as FR-4, F4b of, above-mentioned macromolecular material.
Artificial micro-structural of the present invention, preferably, adopts metal micro structure, and described metal micro structure is the metal wire with certain figure.For example, the metal wire such as copper cash or silver-colored line.Above-mentioned metal wire can be attached on plate shape substrates by etching, plating, brill quarter, photoetching, electronics is carved or ion is carved method.Certainly, also can adopt three-dimensional laser processing technology.
In addition, Fig. 1 to 5 employing be I-shaped artificial micro-structural, be I-shapedly non-90 degree Rotational Symmetry figures, I-shaped is anisotropic a kind of fairly simple structure, in addition, artificial micro-structural of the present invention can also be plane flakes structure as shown in Figure 7.Certainly, no matter be I-shaped artificial micro-structural, the still alabastrine artificial micro-structural of plane as shown in Figure 7, as long as it has the characteristic of anisotropy (the symmetrical figure of non-rotating 90 degree).
We know, in the time that electromagnetic wave passes through the interface of different medium, understand generating unit sub reflector phenomenon.Conventionally the impedance contrast of both sides medium will be larger apart from larger reflection.Due to the electromagnetic reflection of part, will corresponding loss along the electromagnetic energy of the direction of propagation, have a strong impact on the distance of electromagnetic signal propagation and the quality of signal transmission.
Therefore,, in the present invention, as shown in Figure 6, in two above-mentioned embodiment, described super material can also comprise the impedance matching layer being arranged on functional layer 10 planes of incidence and/or exit facet.Preferably, on the plane of incidence and exit facet, be all provided with impedance matching layer (201,202).The present invention realizes impedance matching by the following method,, the impedance of that side for example, contacting with light incident side medium (air) and the impedance of incident medium that are positioned at the impedance matching layer 201 of light incident side approach, and its impedance of a side of the close functional layer 10 of light incident side impedance matching layer 201 and the light incident side impedance of functional layer 10 approach, and the impedance of light incident side impedance matching layer 201 is along changing continuously perpendicular to its impedance of direction of functional layer.And the impedance of that side that the impedance matching layer 202 that is positioned at exiting side for example, contacts with exiting side medium (air) and emergent medium approach, and its impedance of a side of the close functional layer 10 of exiting side impedance matching layer 202 and the exiting side impedance of functional layer 10 approach, and the impedance of exiting side impedance matching layer is along changing continuously perpendicular to its impedance of direction of functional layer.We know, its impedance difference of different medium interface is larger, reflects stronger, therefore, by above-mentioned impedance matching layer (201,202), can eliminate change in the instantaneous impedance, and then reflex and electromagnetic wave energy loss problem while eliminating electromagnetic wave through different medium interface.
Above-mentioned impedance matching layer can be also a kind of super material, and itself and functional layer have similar structure.It can certainly be other material with similar functions.In addition, impedance mentioned herein refers to wave impedance.
By formula impedance
we know as long as change the ratio of magnetic permeability and dielectric constant, just can change impedance.Therefore, in the equally distributed situation of magnetic permeability of impedance matching layer, can realize impedance matching layer internal driving by the distribution of dielectric constant and distribute, that is to say that the distribution of impedance of impedance matching layer inside can artificially design.
By reference to the accompanying drawings embodiments of the invention are described above; but the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment; above-mentioned embodiment is only schematic; instead of restrictive; those of ordinary skill in the art is under enlightenment of the present invention; not departing from the scope situation that aim of the present invention and claim protect, also can make a lot of forms, within these all belong to protection of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. a super material imaging device, is characterized in that, described device comprises:
What irreflexive body surface echo was pooled to picture the first surpasses material, the described material that the first surpasses comprises a functional layer, described functional layer comprises multiple lamellas that are parallel to each other, each lamella comprises plate shape substrates and is attached to the multiple artificial micro-structural of array arrangement on plate shape substrates, described plate shape substrates is divided into multiple cell blocks, each artificial micro-structural cell block occupied with it forms a cell, described each cell has anisotropic electromagnetic parameter, multiple cells that each lamella is arranged along first direction are divided into the first zone line and are positioned at multiple first belt-like zones of the first zone line both sides, the refractive index of each the first belt-like zone all increases continuously to the first zone line, and the refractive index of adjacent two the first belt-like zones is discontinuous, same lamella is identical along its refractive index of multiple cells of arranging perpendicular to the second direction of first direction, the refractive index maximum of the described cell that the first surpasses multiple cells its center of material in the plane vertical with the plane being formed with second direction by first direction, taking this center as the center of circle, the refractive index of the cell on same annulus is identical, its multiple second belt-like zones that are divided into the second zone line and are distributed in the second zone line both sides of multiple cells on arbitrary diameter, the refractive index of each the second belt-like zone all increases continuously to the second zone line, and the refractive index of adjacent two the second belt-like zones is discontinuous.
2. super material imaging device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the refractive index of the cell of described the first zone line both sides is symmetrical centered by the first zone line, and the refractive index of the cell of described the second zone line both sides is symmetrical centered by the second zone line.
3. super material imaging device according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, its optical axis of cell in the first zone line on each lamella is parallel with second direction, its optical axis of all cells that is positioned at first zone line the same side is parallel, and the optical axis of both sides cell is with respect to the first zone line symmetry.
4. super material imaging device according to claim 2, is characterized in that, its optical axis of multiple cells that each lamella is arranged along first direction is rotated to both sides successively by the first zone line, and its optical axis of multiple cells of arranging along second direction is parallel.
5. super material imaging device according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, its optical axis of cell in the first zone line in multiple cells that each lamella is arranged along first direction is parallel with second direction, parallel with first direction in two its optical axises of cell at two ends.
6. according to the super material imaging device described in claim 3 to 5 any one, it is characterized in that, multiple artificial micro-structural on each lamella has identical figure, and in the multiple artificial micro-structural of arranging along first direction, the artificial micro-structural of size maximum is positioned at the first zone line, the size of the artificial micro-structural of each the first belt-like zone all increases continuously to the first zone line, and the artificial microstructure size of adjacent two the first belt-like zones is discontinuous.
7. super material imaging device according to claim 6, is characterized in that, it is measure-alike for the multiple artificial micro-structural that each lamella is arranged along second direction.
8. super material imaging device according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, in the described multiple artificial micro-structural the first surpassing in the plane of material in being made up of first direction and third direction, the artificial micro-structural of size maximum is positioned at the second zone line, artificial microstructure size on same annulus is identical, the size of the artificial micro-structural of each the second belt-like zone all increases continuously to the second zone line, and the artificial microstructure size of adjacent two the second belt-like zones is discontinuous.
9. super material imaging device according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described artificial micro-structural is the rotational symmetric figure of non-90 degree.
10. super material imaging device according to claim 9, is characterized in that, the I-shape construction that described artificial micro-structural is plane or plane flakes structure.
11. super material imaging devices according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the described material that the first surpasses also comprises the impedance matching layer being arranged on the functional layer plane of incidence and/or exit facet.
12. super material imaging devices according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described device also comprises the electromagnetic radiator of radiation detection and detection electromagnetic wave is converged to the focal element of body surface to be imaged, described focal element is convex lens, or for the first surpass material function structure identical the second surpass material.
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