CN102743201B - 直线型切割缝合器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明揭示了一种直线型切割缝合器，包括：可相互闭合或打开的上、下钳夹，所述下钳夹的远端设有钉仓，所述钉仓上轴向设有走刀槽，所述下钳夹为∪形，其内可滑动地设有推钉杆和推刀杆，所述推刀杆的远端设有切刀，所述钉仓的近端设有一保险机构，所述保险机构包括设置于所述钉仓内的第一压块、触发机构及至少一弹性件，所述切刀的底端设有一第一缺口，所述第一压块在所述弹性件及触发机构的作用下可在所述钉仓内进行纵向移动，从而使得所述第一压块和第一缺口可选择性地卡接或分离。本发明的有益效果主要体现在：结构简单，加工方便，安全可靠，具有很好的推广价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种直线型切割缝合器，属于医疗器械技术领域。
背景技术
直线型切割缝合器被广泛用于外科手术中用于伤口缝合、内部组织缝合与切割，典型的直线型切割缝合器如美国专利US5129570所揭示，具有缝合与切割两个功能，在进行伤口缝合的同时，将多余的组织切除。该类直线型切割缝合器一般包括上、下两个钳夹，以及用于闭合上、下钳夹的闭合把手，相对设置在上、下钳夹前端的钉砧和钉仓，设于钉仓内并可同时相对所述钉仓移动击发片和切刀，以及用于驱动所述击发片和切刀移动的推钮。所述钉仓内排列设置有缝合钉，所述击发片依次推动推钉片并将缝合钉推向钉砧，所述切刀将位于钉仓和钉砧之间的组织切断。
该器械的钉仓是可以更换多次使用的。在临床使用时，经常需要多次缝合切割组织，因此在手术时需要多次更换钉仓。为了防止医生会因为疏忽而误把已经击发过的钉仓再次装进缝合器而造成只切割未缝合的严重后果，现有技术的直线型切割缝合器都会设置一种防止已经被击发过的钉仓再次被击发(即二次击发)的保险机构。
美国专利US5129570号揭示了一种保险机构，在器械的中部设置一个带有切刀通道与推钉杆通道的保险块，在切刀下面设置弹片。当器械处于打开位置(即上、下两个钳夹未闭合)时，弹片将切刀弹起，使切刀无法通过切刀通道，起到保险作用；当器械装上钉仓，且上、下两个钳夹闭合后，钉仓压迫切刀顶部，使切刀克服弹片的弹力并恢复到与切刀通道对准的状态，这时保险解除，器械可以击发使用，击发时，切刀将钉仓上压迫切刀顶部的部件顶开，使切刀在器械击发完毕退回初始位置时，钉仓不能再压迫切刀顶部，使切刀无法通过保险块上的切刀通道，起到防止二次击发的作用。
美国专利US7055730号揭示了另一种防止二次击发的机构，在击发前，切刀的外设有一个刀套结构，刀套的方向与切刀方向保持一致，并轴连接在钉仓上，当击发完毕后，刀套发生旋转，使刀套垂直于切刀，并使器械在打开后无法再闭合，起到了防止二次击发的作用。
以上几种结构均非常复杂，加工组装困难，价格昂贵。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种直线型切割缝合器，其具有结构简单的的防止二次击发的保险机构。
本发明的目的，将通过以下技术方案得以实现：
一种直线型切割缝合器，包括：可相互闭合或打开的上、下钳夹，所述下钳夹的远端设有钉仓，所述钉仓上轴向设有走刀槽，所述下钳夹为∪形，其内可滑动地设有推钉杆和推刀杆，所述推刀杆的远端设有切刀，所述钉仓的近端设有一保险机构，所述保险机构包括设置于所述钉仓内的第一压块、触发机构及至少一弹性件，所述切刀的底端设有一第一缺口，所述第一压块在所述弹性件及触发机构的作用下可在所述钉仓内进行纵向移动，从而使得所述第一压块和第一缺口可选择性地卡接或分离。
进一步地，所述第一压块包括一与所述第一缺口相配合的卡位杠，所述卡位杠在所述弹性件及触发机构的作用下可在所述钉仓内进行纵向移动，从而使得所述卡位杠和第一缺口可选择性地卡接或分离。
更进一步地，所述钉仓的近端轴向设有两凹槽，所述凹槽对称地设置于所述走刀槽的两侧，且所述凹槽的内侧均设有一第二缺口，从而使得所述凹槽均联通于所述走刀槽；所述第一压块为凹型，其还包括设置于所述卡位杠两端、并与所述凹槽相配合的浮动块，所述卡位杠和浮动块相配合形成供切刀通行的第三缺口；所述浮动块分别设置于所述凹槽内。
更进一步地，所述触发机构为H型的第二压块，所述第二压块包括限位杠，及设置于所述限位杠两端、并分别与所述浮动块相匹配的限位块；所述切刀的顶端轴向设有一限位槽；所述第二压块可在所述钉仓内进行纵向移动，使得所述直线型切割缝合器可选择性地处于两种状态：
a)初始状态：所述限位杠位于所述限位槽内，且所述卡位杠与所述第一缺口相分离；
b)最终状态：所述限位杠位于所述限位槽外，且所述卡位杠卡接于所述第一缺口内。
更进一步地，所述浮动块的上表面分别设有与所述限位块相匹配的第四缺口，所述限位块分别设置于所述第四缺口内。
更进一步地，所述钉仓的两侧壁上分别设有一纵向分布的腰形槽；所述第二压块的限位杠的两端设有可在所述腰形槽内纵向移动的第三凸起。
更进一步地，所述限位槽的槽口处设有一圆弧形的第二凸起，所述限位杠的上表面为凸轮面。
本发明的有益效果主要体现在：
(1)结构简单，加工方便，且安全可靠，具有很好的推广价值；
(2)第一压块的形状及构造和钉仓的内部结构相符合，且第一压块在钉仓内进行纵向移动时稳定性较高；
(3)弹性件及第一压块的安装方便；
(4)弹片的结构简单，成本较低，且性能较好；
(5)第二压块的结构简单，且切刀的推出可使其触发整个保险机构，使得操作非常方便；
(6)第二压块和第一压块之间的连接较为稳定；
(7)第二压块纵向移动时的稳定性较高；
(8)限位槽上的第二凸起具有限位作用，使得产品的安全性提高。
附图说明
图1是实例中的直线型切割缝合器的爆炸图；
图2是初始状态下的直线型切割缝合器的俯视图；
图3是图2中沿A-A的剖视图；
图4是图2中沿B-B的剖视图；
图5是图2中沿C-C的剖视图；
图6是切刀推出时的直线型切割缝合器的剖视图；
图7是切刀拉回时的直线型切割缝合器的剖视图；
图8是最终状态下的直线型切割缝合器的剖视图。
其中：
1 钉仓 11 凹槽 12 第二缺口
13 走刀槽 14 腰形槽 2 切刀
21 限位槽 22 第一缺口 23 斜面
24 第二凸起 3 第二压块 31 限位杠
32 限位块 33 第三凸起 34 上表面
4 第一压块 41 卡位杠 42 第三缺口
43 浮动块 44 第四缺口 5 弹片
A 切刀推出的方向 B 切刀拉回的方向
具体实施方式
如图1-8所示，本发明中的一种直线型切割缝合器，包括：可相互闭合或打开的上、下钳夹(未图示)，所述下钳夹的远端设有钉仓1，钉仓1上轴向设有走刀槽13，所述下钳夹为∪形，其内可滑动地设有推钉杆和推刀杆(未图示)，所述推刀杆的远端设有切刀2，钉仓1的近端设有一保险机构，所述保险机构包括设置于钉仓1内的第一压块4、触发机构及至少一弹性件，切刀2的底端设有一第一缺口22，第一压块4在所述弹性件及触发机构的作用下可在钉仓1内进行纵向移动，从而使得第一压块4和第一缺口22可选择性地卡接或分离。
下面通过具体实施例进一步介绍本发明的具体实施方式。
如图1所示，本实施例中的直线型切割缝合器，包括：可相互闭合或打开的上、下钳夹(未图示)，所述下钳夹的远端设有钉仓1，钉仓1上轴向设有走刀槽13，所述下钳夹为∪形，其内可滑动地设有推钉杆和推刀杆(未图示)，所述推刀杆的远端设有切刀2，且切刀2的底端设有一第一缺口22，其顶端轴向设有一条形的限位槽21，限位槽21的槽口处设有一圆弧形的第二凸起24，切刀2的底部的近端为圆弧形的斜面23，钉仓1的近端设有一保险机构，所述保险机构包括设置于钉仓1内的第二压块3、第一压块4及两个弹片5。
钉仓1的近端轴向设有两形状相同的凹槽11，凹槽11对称地设置于走刀槽13的两侧，且凹槽11的内侧均设有一第二缺口12，从而使得凹槽13均联通于走刀槽13；钉仓1的两侧壁上分别设有一纵向分布的腰形槽14；第一压块3为凹型，其结构与两凹槽11所形成的内部容置空间相对应，第一压块4包括与第一缺口22的形状相对应的卡位杠41，及设置于卡位杠41两端、并与凹槽13相配合的浮动块43，浮动块43的上表面均设有矩形的第四缺口44，卡位杠41和浮动块43相配合，中间部分形成供切刀2通行的第三缺口42，且卡位杠41与切刀2相接触的一面为与斜面23相对应的楔形面；第二压块3包括与限位槽21相配合的矩形的限位杠31，及设置于限位杠31两端、并分别与浮动块43相匹配的限位块32，且限位杠31的上表面为凸轮面，使得其能够很容易的与切刀2分离，第二压块3的两端分别设有可在腰形槽14内移动的第三凸起33。
两个弹片5分别设置于对应的凹槽11内，弹片5的一端设有一圆形孔，凹槽11的底面上设有与圆形孔相对应的圆柱形突起，弹片5通过圆形孔连接于所述圆柱形突起上，当然，弹片5亦可通过其它常规手段连接于凹槽11的底面，如：焊接、螺纹连接或者铆接等。第一压块4置于两凹槽11形成的容置空间内，两浮动块43分别置于对应的凹槽11内，卡位杠41位于第二缺口12及走刀槽13形成的空间内。第二压块3置于第一压块4的上方，限位块32分别置于对应的第四缺口44内，限位杠31可选择性地置于切刀2上的限位槽21内，限位杆31的上表面为凸轮面，可以使其与限位槽配合及脱离更容易。第二压块3可在钉仓1内进行纵向移动，从而使得所述直线型切割缝合器可选择性地处于两种状态：
a)如图2-5所示的初始状态：限位杠31位于限位槽21内，第二压块3向下挤压第一压块4，使其纵向向下移动，从而使得卡位杠41与第一缺口22相分离，所述直线型切割缝合器处于初始可击发状态；
b)如图8所示的最终状态：限位杠31位于限位槽21外，第一压块4纵向向上移动，从而使得卡位杠41卡接于第一缺口22内，所述直线型切割缝合器处于最终保险状态。
下面简单地介绍一下本实施例中的直线型切割缝合器的工作原理。
首先，第二压块3的限位杠31与切刀2的限位槽处于配合状态，当切刀受到向前推力时，由于限位杠上表面为凸轮面，切刀很容易可以脱离第二压块的限制，向前移动切割组织。如图6所示，将切刀2按A方向向钉仓2的远端推出，切刀2上的第二凸起24迫使限位杠31向下运动，使限位槽21和限位杠31相脱离，此时，限位杠31不受到切刀2纵向向下的压力，弹片5作用于浮动块43的下表面，从而使得第一压块4和第二压块3纵向向上移动，即卡位杠41的位置也向上相应移动；
然后，如图7所示，当完成了切割及缝合操作以后，切刀2按B方向向钉仓2的近端移动，切刀2的斜面23首先与卡位杠41的楔形面接触，卡位杠41受到挤压纵向向下移动，紧接着切刀2上的第一缺口22移动到卡位杠41处，此时，卡位杠41在弹片5的作用下卡接于第一缺口22内，处于如图8所示的最终保险状，由于此时第二压块3没有受到外力作用，因此限位杠31处于限位槽21的外面，切刀2此时即使受到推力，也无法脱离卡位杠41的限制，不能再次进行击发，起到防止被二次击发的作用。
本实施例中，弹片5亦可由弹簧或其它弹性部件取代；优选地，浮动块43的下表面所在的平面纵向上高于卡位杠41的上表面所在的平面，从而使得浮动块43和卡位杠41之间形成一台阶，此时，两个凹槽11的深度可以设置的较浅，从而使得弹片5的安装更为方便。
本实施例的有益效果有：(1)结构简单，加工方便，且安全可靠，具有很好的推广价值；(2)第一压块4的形状及构造和钉仓1的内部结构相符合，且第一压块4在钉仓1内进行纵向移动时稳定性较高；(3)弹片5及第一压块4的安装方便；(4)弹片5的结构简单，成本较低，且性能较好；(5)第二压块3的结构简单，且切刀2的推出可使其触发整个保险机构，使得操作非常方便；(6)第二压块3和第一压块4之间的连接较为稳定；(7)第二压块3纵向移动时的稳定性较高；(8)限位槽21上的第二凸起24具有限位作用，使得产品的安全性提高。
本发明尚有多种实施方式，例如：第一压块4的两侧均设置有突出的拨杆(未图示)，所述拨杆置于钉仓1的两侧的腰形槽14内，其余结构同上述实施例相同，此时，可通过手动纵向向下波动所述拨动杆，使得所述直线型切割缝合器处于击发状态。
凡采用等同变换或者等效变换而形成的所有技术方案，均落在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种直线型切割缝合器，包括：可相互闭合或打开的上、下钳夹，所述下钳夹的远端设有钉仓（1），所述钉仓（1）上轴向设有走刀槽（13），所述下钳夹为∪形，其内可滑动地设有推钉杆和推刀杆，所述推刀杆的远端设有切刀（2），其特征在于：所述钉仓（1）的近端设有一保险机构，所述保险机构包括设置于所述钉仓（1）内的第一压块（4）、触发机构及至少一弹性件，所述切刀（2）的底端设有一第一缺口（22），所述第一压块（4）在所述弹性件及触发机构的作用下可在所述钉仓（1）内进行纵向移动，从而使得所述第一压块（4）和第一缺口（22）可选择性地卡接或分离；所述第一压块（4）包括一与所述第一缺口（22）相配合的卡位杠（41），所述卡位杠（41）在所述弹性件及触发机构的作用下可在所述钉仓（1）内进行纵向移动，从而使得所述卡位杠（41）和第一缺口（22）可选择性地卡接或分离；所述钉仓（1）的近端轴向设有两凹槽（11），所述凹槽（11）对称地设置于所述走刀槽（13）的两侧，且所述凹槽（11）的内侧均设有一第二缺口（12），从而使得所述凹槽（11）均联通于所述走刀槽（13）； 所述第一压块（4）为凹型，其还包括设置于所述卡位杠（41）两端、并与所述凹槽（11）相配合的浮动块（43），所述卡位杠（41）和浮动块（43）相配合形成供切刀通行的第三缺口（42）；所述浮动块（43）分别设置于所述凹槽（11）内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的直线型切割缝合器，其特征在于：所述直线型切割缝合器设有两个连接于所述凹槽（11）底部的弹性件，所述弹性件作用于所述浮动块（43）的下表面，使得所述浮动块（43）可进行纵向移动，进而带动所述卡位杠（41）进行纵向移动。
3.根据权利要求2所述的直线型切割缝合器，其特征在于：所述弹性件为弹片（5），且所述弹片（5）的一端固定连接在所述凹槽（11）的底面上。
4.根据权利要求3所述的直线型切割缝合器，其特征在于：所述触发机构为H型的第二压块（3），所述第二压块（3）包括限位杠（31），及设置于所述限位杠（31）两端、并分别与所述浮动块（43）相匹配的限位块（32）；所述切刀（2）的顶端轴向设有一限位槽（21）；所述第二压块（3）可在所述钉仓（1）内进行纵向移动，使得所述直线型切割缝合器可选择性地处于两种状态：
a）初始状态：所述限位杠（31）位于所述限位槽（21）内，且所述卡位杠（41）与所述第一缺口（22）相分离；
b）最终状态：所述限位杠（31）位于所述限位槽（21）外，且所述卡位杠（41）卡接于所述第一缺口（22）内。
5.根据权利要求4所述的直线型切割缝合器，其特征在于：所述浮动块（43）的上表面分别设有与所述限位块（32）相匹配的第四缺口（44），所述限位块（32）分别设置于所述第四缺口（44）内。
6.根据权利要求5所述的直线型切割缝合器，其特征在于：所述钉仓（1）的两侧壁上分别设有一纵向分布的腰形槽（14）；所述第二压块（3）的限位杠（31）的两端设有可在所述腰形槽（14）内纵向移动的第三凸起（33）。
7.根据权利要求6所述的直线型切割缝合器，其特征在于：所述限位槽（21）的槽口处设有一圆弧形的第二凸起（24）。
8.根据权利要求7所述的直线型切割缝合器，其特征在于：所述限位杠（31）的上表面为凸轮面。
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| PCT/CN2012/071595 WO2012142872A1 (zh) | 2011-04-20 | 2012-02-24 | 直线型切割缝合器 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN102743201A (zh) | 2012-10-24 |
| WO2012142872A1 (zh) | 2012-10-26 |
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