CN102680804B - Lightning electric field change signal measuring system and method - Google Patents
Lightning electric field change signal measuring system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a lightning electric field change signal measuring system, relating to the technical field of meteorological monitoring. The lightning electric field change signal measuring system comprises a detection antenna, an electric field rapid-change receiver and a signal processing module, wherein the electric field rapid-change receiver is respectively connected with the detection antenna and the signal processing module; the detection antenna is used for transmitting an electric field change signal generated by induced lightning to the electric field rapid-change receiver; the electric field rapid-change receiver is used for processing the electric field change signal to obtain a lightning electric field rapid-change signal and transmitting the lightning electric field rapid-change signal to the signal processing module; and the signal processing module is used for acquiring and processing the lightning electric field rapid-change signal to obtain a lightning electric field slow-change signal. The invention also discloses a lightning electric field change signal measuring method corresponding to the measuring system. The lightning electric field change signal measuring system and method disclosed by the invention realize integrated measurement of lightning electric field rapid-change and slow-change signals.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to weather monitoring technical field, particularly a kind of lightning electric field change Signal Measurement System and method.
Background technology
Lightning is one of the most serious disaster of China, because it has the characteristic such as big current, strong electromagnetic radiation, usually causes the accidents such as forest fire, oil depot blast, power failure, communication failure, damage of facilities, also easily causes casualties.According to conservative estimation, China is every year because of the thousands of people of casualties that thunder calamity causes, and direct economic loss exceedes several hundred million unit, and the indirect economic loss caused thus and impact are difficult to estimate, lightning disaster has fed through to the every aspect of all trades and professions and life.
Lightning is as one long distance electric discharge phenomena, stronger electromagnetic radiation can be produced, each lightning discharge all comprises the electric discharge subprocess of various frequency, electric field waveform character shows multi-form pulse, by the observational study to these electric field change pulses, disclose the basic physical process of lightning discharge.Meanwhile, lightning electric field change waveform is also illustrate lightning electromagnetic radiation to the mechanism of action of electronic equipment, the important foundation evaluating protective benefits, the measure of research lightning Spark gap.
Therefore, lightning electric field change acquisition of signal is the important tool of lightning physics and lightning protection research always.For a long time, the equipment being used for measuring lightning electric field change both at home and abroad comprises two kinds: lightning electric field fast change detection instrument (being usually called fast antenna) and lightning electric field slow change detection instrument (being usually called slow antenna).Both are used for the electric discharge event of the different scale observed in Lightning Process respectively.Under normal circumstances, lightning electric field fast change detection instrument is used for observing the fast discharge process of Lightning Process, such as Preliminary breakdown process, counterattack process, leader process, K process etc., and electric field slow-changing signals detection instrument is mainly used to observe the slow discharge process in Lightning Process, as continuous current (duration is hundreds of millisecond) etc.Its detection principle is as follows: metal tablet can produce induced charge under the effect of external electrical field, when space electric field can be caused to change when lightning occurs, the change of space electric field can cause the induced charge on sheet metal to change thereupon, the electric current produced because of induced charge change will flow through integrating circuit, after integration conditioning, export the voltage linear with electric field change.The difference of lightning electric field fast change detection instrument and the slow change detection instrument of lightning electric field is the difference of integration time constant, and the time constant of the fast change detection instrument of general lightning electric field is millisecond magnitude, and the time constant of the slow change detection instrument of lightning electric field is second-time.
Although above-mentioned detection method and means are widely used, but in actual observation test, particularly when closely lightning is observed, the observation of such as artificially channel braided, find traditional electric field change sniffer, especially the slow change detection device of lightning electric field, the electric field intensity scope that can measure is large not, stronger closely lightning is often occurred to the problem of response saturation.In order to address this problem, scientific research personnel also takes some corresponding measures, Main Means is started with for regulating the value of R (resistance) and C (electric capacity) in integrating circuit, but due to the limitation of current device technology level, some corresponding measures are also difficult to reach closely lightning and fight back the requirement of intensity.And the fast variable signal of lightning electric field and slow-changing signals adopt different device measurings respectively, integration degree is not high.
Summary of the invention
(1) technical matters that will solve
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: the integrated measurement how realizing fast, the slow change of lightning electric field.
(2) technical scheme
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of lightning electric field change Signal Measurement System, comprise: exploring antenna, electric field change receiver, signal processing module soon, described electric field changes receiver soon and connects described exploring antenna and described signal processing module respectively;
Electric field change Signal transmissions to the described electric field that described exploring antenna is used for the lightning sensed to produce changes receiver soon;
Described electric field changes receiver soon for the treatment of described electric field change signal, to obtain the fast variable signal of lightning electric field, and the fast variable signal of described lightning electric field is transferred to described signal processing module;
Described signal processing module is used for triggering collection and processes the fast variable signal of described lightning electric field to obtain lightning electric field slow-changing signals.
Wherein, described signal processing module comprises: digitizer and digital processing unit, described digitizer connects described digital processing unit respectively and described electric field changes receiver soon, for transferring to described digital processing unit by after the digitizing of the described lightning electric field received fast variable signal, described digital processing unit carries out deconvolution digital signal processing to the fast variable signal of lightning electric field after digitizing and obtains described lightning electric field slow-changing signals.
Wherein, also comprise: gps antenna and GPS, described gps antenna connects described GPS, described GPS connects described signal processing module, described gps antenna receives gps satellite signal and transfers to described GPS, and described signal processing module triggers temporal information when described GPS output lightning occurs while processing the fast variable signal of described lightning electric field.
Wherein, also comprise: memory module, connect described digital processing unit and GPS, for storing the temporal information comprised when the fast variable signal of lightning electric field, lightning electric field slow-changing signals and lightning occur.
Wherein, also comprise the dedicated processes platform towards instrument system, described digitizer, digital processing unit, GPS and memory module are integrated in described towards on the dedicated processes platform of instrument system.
Wherein, the ring plate antenna of described exploring antenna to be shape be hollow, described gps antenna is cone type antenna, and the head of induced signal is positioned in the platen surface of described ring plate antenna, and afterbody is arranged in the looping pit of described ring plate antenna.
Wherein, also comprise insulator, shielding bin and bracing frame, described insulator connects described exploring antenna and described shielding bin, and described electric field changes receiver soon and is positioned at described shielding bin, support frame as described above connects shielding bin, for supporting described exploring antenna, insulator and shielding bin.
Present invention also offers a kind of lightning electric field change signal measurement method, comprise the following steps:
S1: the electric field change signal that induction lightning produces, obtains the fast variable signal of lightning electric field to electric field change signal after carrying out conditioning integration;
S2: lightning electric field slow-changing signals is obtained to the fast variable signal process of lightning electric field.
Wherein, described step S2 specifically comprises:
S2.1: judge whether the fast variable signal of lightning electric field meets the trigger condition preset;
S2.2: deconvolution digital signal processing is carried out to the fast variable signal of lightning electric field meeting the trigger condition preset and obtains lightning electric field slow-changing signals.
Wherein, the gps time information obtained when lightning occurs also is comprised.
(3) beneficial effect
Lightning electric field change measuring system of the present invention and method, change receiver soon by electric field and obtain the fast variable signal of lightning electric field, and lightning electric field slow-changing signals is obtained to the fast variable signal process of lightning electric field, achieve integrated measurement that is fast to lightning electric field, slow-changing signals, efficiently solve the problem of the slow change detection output saturation of lightning electric field that closely lightning signal causes excessively by force.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of lightning electric field change measuring system structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation that in Fig. 1, electric field changes receiver soon;
Fig. 3 is the fast slow-changing signals of electric field that adopts fast/slow change detection instrument of traditional electric field to obtain and to the signal output waveform comparison diagram after the fast variable signal deconvolution of electric field;
Fig. 4 is a kind of lightning electric field change measuring method process flow diagram of the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the working-flow figure shown in Fig. 1.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.Following examples for illustration of the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the lightning electric field change measuring system of the present embodiment comprises: plate aerial 1, electric field for detecting the electric field change signal that lightning produces change receiver 5 and signal processing module soon, and electric field changes receiver 5 soon and connects plate aerial 1 and signal processing module respectively.The electric field change Signal transmissions that the lightning sensed produces is changed receiver 5 to electric field by plate aerial soon, the electric field change signal that electric field changes receiver 5 pairs of lightnings generations soon processes, namely after signal condition integration, obtain the fast variable signal of lightning electric field, and fast for lightning electric field variable signal is transferred to signal processing module; Signal processing module triggering collection also processes the fast variable signal of lightning electric field to obtain lightning electric field slow-changing signals.
Electric field changes receiver 5 soon for integration modulate circuit, Main Function is through being converted to the fast variable signal of lightning electric field by input signal, its schematic diagram as shown in Figure 2, comprise the parts such as integrating amplifier 51, traffic filter 52, driver output 53, impedance matching 54, time constant is ms or hundred musec order, and bandwidth is 1K ~ 5MHz; Wherein integrating circuit can adopt active integration or passive integration.The signal received is the induced signal of plate aerial 1, and signal flows to signal processing module after integration conditioning.
In the present embodiment, signal processing module comprises: digitizer 8 and digital processing unit 9 (can be FPGA or CPLD program numbers processor), digitizer 8 is connected with digital processing unit 9.Digitizer 8 is also referred to as data collecting card, the fast variable signal of lightning electric field (simulating signal) that can realize integration modulate circuit exports converts digital signal to, transmission of digital signals is to digital processing unit 9 simultaneously, the fast variable signal of lightning electric field after digitizing is carried out deconvolution process by digital processing unit 9, obtains plate aerial 1 and detects the original signal obtained.The original signal that deconvolution obtains is the broadband signal comprising lightning electric field slow-changing signals, also the fast variable signal of lightning electric field is comprised, but, it is obvious that lightning electric field slow-changing signals embodies, the slow measure of the change instrument of lightning electric field of general present stage is also this broadband signal measured, and lightning electric field slow-changing signals of the present invention refers to this broadband signal.
Certainly, in order to directly obtain lightning electric field slow-changing signals, electric field can be used to change receiver (a kind of integration modulate circuit) slowly, due to the long-time integration (integration constant generally gets second-time) of lightning electric field slow-changing signals, the voltage of output can be made to exceed the requirement of electronic devices and components.For this reason, the present invention obtains electric field slow-changing signals by the fast variable signal of lightning electric field through digital signal processing, method is as follows: the low frequency component changing the electric field change output signal after receiver conditioning integration through electric field is soon suppressed, there is less amplitude output signal, can reliable measurements.If know how integration modulate circuit changes the method (generally representing by transport function) of input signal, original signal so just can be reduced.Specific as follows:
The signal E inputted by plate aerial before integration conditioning, output signal after signal condition integrating circuit is U, if the transport function of signal condition integrating circuit is H, then the input/output relation of time domain is, U (t)=E (t) * H (t), wherein U (t) is that " * " represents convolution algorithm directly by the simulating signal that digitizer gathers.Carry out deconvolution computing to U (t)=E (t) * H (t), H (t) and U (t) is the parameter that can record, and obtains original input signal E (t) by deconvolution computing.Electric field changes signal U (t) that receiver exports soon and has less amplitude, usually when integration constant is 0.1ms, within being 10 volts, there will not be saturation problem to the output voltage of closely lightning.Fig. 3 shows the fast slow-changing signals of electric field that adopts traditional electric field speed change detection instrument to obtain and to the output signal after the fast variable signal deconvolution of electric field, can find out, the lightning electric field slow-changing signals of traditional approach actual measurement is saturated, by obtaining to lightning electric field fast variable signal deconvolution the signal comprising the slow change information of lightning electric field, the lightning electric field slow-changing signals that this signal is surveyed in slow changing unit and traditional approach has consistance, and there will not be lightning electric field slow-changing signals saturation problem.
The present embodiment changes receiver soon by electric field and obtains the fast variable signal of lightning electric field, and obtains lightning electric field slow-changing signals to the fast variable signal process of lightning electric field, achieves the integrated measurement of fast to lightning electric field, slow change.Adopt the mode to the fast variable signal deconvolution of lightning electric field, avoid the large not and problem stronger closely lightning often being occurred to response saturation that causes of electric field intensity scope that the slow change detection instrument of traditional lightning electric field measures, thus achieve the reliable detection of high strength closely lightning electric field change signal.
Further, also comprise: gps antenna 2, GPS 11, memory module 10, GPS 11, memory module 10, digitizer 8 and digital processing unit 9, by the dedicated processes platform intergration towards instrument system together, this proprietary extensions platform comprises: the platforms such as PCI, PXI or PCIE, PXI platform 12 is adopted GPS 11, memory module 10, digitizer 8 and digital processing unit 9 to be integrated in the present embodiment, PXI platform 12 is industrial data collection and the customized modular instrument platform of automation application, has Time BUS.Gps antenna 2 connects GPS 11, and GPS 11 is all connected memory module 10 with digital processing unit 9.This gps satellite signal for obtaining gps satellite signal, and is transferred to GPS 11 by gps antenna 2.Digitizer 8 is transferred to digital processing unit 9 after by fast for lightning electric field variable signal digitizing.
GPS 11 linking number word processor 9, digital processing unit 9 judges trigger condition, if lightning electric field fast variable signal (namely electric field changes signal U (t) that receiver exports soon) has exceeded the activation threshold value of setting or other trigger conditions, (as: signalization amplitude is more than 0.5V, and rising edge triggers), just trigger GPS 11 output time information; Or GPS 11 connects digitizer 8, digitizer 8 judges trigger condition, and when meeting trigger condition, the fast variable signal of transmission lightning electric field triggers GPS 11 output time information to while digital processing unit 9.
GPS in the present embodiment is PXI bus type receiver.Memory module 10 is for storing the precise time information comprised when the fast variable signal of lightning electric field, lightning electric field slow-changing signals, survey station spatial positional information and lightning occur.
Further, plate aerial 1 adopts metal plate to be induction medium, and the induced charge above it can change with the change of space electric field, is used for detecting the variable signal of lightning generation time space electric field, design shape is the ring plate of hollow, and hollow space is used for installing gps antenna 2; Gps antenna is the cone type antenna adopting insulating material encapsulation, transmitting of gps satellite can be detected, its lower end is placed in the hollow space of plate aerial 1, and carry out sealing to prevent rainwater from flowing into, in order to prevent metal plate to the shielding action of signal, the sensing part of gps antenna 2 is in the metal plate of plate aerial 1 above water, forms the antenna integrated of plate aerial 1 and gps antenna 2.This antenna integrated employing coaxial cable output signal, wherein Signal transmissions is directly changed receiver 5 to electric field by plate aerial 1 soon, gps antenna 2 by Signal transmissions to GPS 11.
Further, insulator 3, shielding bin 4, support bar 6 and base for supporting 7 is also comprised.Insulator 3 is the high-tension insulator (nominal insulation voltage 50kV) of compound substance, its geometrical construction is hollow structure, be used for insulating between antenna integrated and ground, play simultaneously and support antenna integrated effect, its hollow space is used for by antenna integrated coaxial signal transmission line; The upper and lower two ends of insulator are connected with shielding bin 4 with antenna integrated respectively.
Wherein shield bin 4, adopt metal material to make, be used for placing electric field and change receiver 5 soon, can the interference of effective shielding space electromagnetic field, play the effect of shielding and support, its underpart is connected with support bar 6 simultaneously.
Wherein support bar 6 and base for supporting 7, adopt stainless steel material to make, wherein support bar 6 be hollow structure, and top is connected with shielding bin 4, and bottom is connected with base for supporting 7, and support shields bin 4 and for the coaxial cable by signal transmission; Base for supporting 7 is processed with fixed orifice above, and top is connected with support bar 6, for system being fixed in erection (or when laying).
Present invention also offers and a kind ofly utilize above-mentioned lightning electric field change measuring system to measure the method for lightning electric field change, comprise as shown in Figure 4:
Step S401, respond to by plate aerial 1 the electric field change signal that lightning produces, electric field changes soon after receiver 5 pairs of electric field change signals carry out conditioning integration and obtains the fast variable signal of lightning electric field.Plate aerial 1 has large bandwidth, can detect the fast slow-changing signals of lightning electric field.
Step S402, signal processing module carries out deconvolution digital signal processing to the fast variable signal of lightning electric field and obtains lightning electric field slow-changing signals.Specifically comprise: in order to get rid of the interference of non-lightning electromagnetic signal, judge the fast variable signal of lightning electric field whether meet preset trigger condition (as: arrange rising edge trigger and signal amplitude more than 0.5V), deconvolution digital signal processing is carried out to the fast variable signal of lightning electric field meeting the trigger condition preset and obtains lightning electric field slow-changing signals.
When measuring, also comprising and detecting by gps antenna 2 gps satellite signal measuring place, by GPS 11 output time information after the fast variable signal of acquisition lightning electric field.
As shown in Figure 5, after system starts, when not having lightning to occur, be in wait trigger state, signal processing module constantly converts simulating signal to digital signal to the concrete control flow of one of above-mentioned lightning electric field change measuring system; When lightning occurs, if the fast variable signal of lightning electric field has exceeded the activation threshold value (or other trigger conditions) of setting, then carry out deconvolution process, simultaneously export trigger pip to GPS 11, GPS 11 after receiving trigger pip output time information to PXI platform 12; Signal processing module carries out deconvolution digital signal processing to the fast electric field data after digitizing, slow for electric field delta data and the fast delta data of electric field are outputted to memory module after comprising the original signal of the slow change information of lightning electric field and preserve by acquisition, and using GPS export precise time its as Data Filename, with facilitate record and inquiry.
Above embodiment is only for illustration of the present invention; and be not limitation of the present invention; the those of ordinary skill of relevant technical field; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; can also make a variety of changes and modification; therefore all equivalent technical schemes also belong to category of the present invention, and scope of patent protection of the present invention should be defined by the claims.
Claims (5)
1. a lightning electric field change Signal Measurement System, is characterized in that, comprising: exploring antenna, electric field change receiver, signal processing module soon, and described electric field changes receiver soon and connects described exploring antenna and described signal processing module respectively;
The ring plate antenna of described exploring antenna to be shape be hollow, changes receiver soon for electric field change Signal transmissions to the described electric field produced by the lightning sensed;
It is integration modulate circuit that described electric field changes receiver soon, comprise integrating amplifier, traffic filter, driver output and impedance matching, the time constant of described integrating amplifier is millisecond or hundred musec order, bandwidth is 1K ~ 5MHz, the integrating circuit of wherein said integrating amplifier adopts active integration or passive integration, described electric field changes receiver soon for the treatment of described electric field change signal, to obtain the fast variable signal of lightning electric field, and the fast variable signal of described lightning electric field is transferred to described signal processing module;
Described signal processing module is used for triggering collection and adopts the fast variable signal of lightning electric field described in the process of FPGA or CPLD program numbers processor to obtain lightning electric field slow-changing signals, comprise: digitizer and digital processing unit, described digitizer connects described digital processing unit respectively and described electric field changes receiver soon, for transferring to described digital processing unit by after the digitizing of the described lightning electric field received fast variable signal, described digital processing unit carries out deconvolution digital signal processing to the fast variable signal of lightning electric field after digitizing and obtains described lightning electric field slow-changing signals,
Described system also comprises the dedicated processes PXI platform towards instrument system, and this platform has Time BUS;
Described system also comprises: gps antenna and GPS, and described gps antenna connects described GPS; Described GPS connects described digital processing unit or described digitizer, when described GPS connects described digital processing unit, described digital processing unit judges trigger condition, GPS output time information is triggered when trigger condition meets, when described GPS connects described digitizer, described digitizer judges trigger condition, when meeting trigger condition, described digitizer, by while transferring to described digital processing unit after the lightning electric field fast variable signal digitizing received, triggers GPS output time information;
Described gps antenna receives gps satellite signal and transfers to described GPS, and be cone type antenna, the head of induced signal is positioned in the platen surface of described ring plate antenna, and afterbody is arranged in the looping pit of described ring plate antenna.
2. lightning electric field change Signal Measurement System as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise: memory module, connect described digital processing unit and GPS, for storing the temporal information comprised when the fast variable signal of lightning electric field, lightning electric field slow-changing signals and lightning occur.
3. lightning electric field change Signal Measurement System as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, described digitizer, digital processing unit, GPS and memory module are integrated in described towards on the dedicated processes PXI platform of instrument system.
4. lightning electric field change Signal Measurement System as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise insulator, shielding bin and bracing frame, described insulator connects described exploring antenna and described shielding bin, described electric field changes receiver soon and is positioned at described shielding bin, support frame as described above connects shielding bin, for supporting described exploring antenna, insulator and shielding bin.
5. a lightning electric field change signal measurement method, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
S1: the electric field change signal that induction lightning produces, to electric field change signal through integration amplification, signal filtering, driver output and impedance matching process, obtains the fast variable signal of lightning electric field after carrying out conditioning integration, and obtains gps time information when lightning occurs;
S2: by FPGA or CPLD program numbers processor, process is carried out to the fast variable signal of lightning electric field and obtains lightning electric field slow-changing signals, specifically comprise:
S2.1: judge whether the fast variable signal of lightning electric field meets the trigger condition preset;
S2.2: deconvolution digital signal processing is carried out to the fast variable signal of lightning electric field meeting the trigger condition preset and obtains lightning electric field slow-changing signals.
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| CN103116083B (en) * | 2013-01-23 | 2014-12-10 | 华中科技大学 | Very low frequency (VLF) / low frequency (LF) frequency range ground lightening detection positioning system |
| CN103543341B (en) * | 2013-10-22 | 2016-09-07 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | The lightning fast the slow electric field change measurement antenna that anti-raindrop is charged |
| CN104330751A (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2015-02-04 | 南京信息工程大学 | Lightning transient three-dimensional magnetic field sensor |
| CN104977478B (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2018-04-27 | 国网电力科学研究院武汉南瑞有限责任公司 | One kind digitlization lightning electric field change Signal Measurement System and its measuring method |
| CN106093601A (en) * | 2016-08-09 | 2016-11-09 | 中国气象科学研究院 | A kind of target lightning electric field change signal acquiring system and method |
| CN106646477B (en) * | 2016-12-31 | 2019-10-29 | 中国气象科学研究院 | D-layer detection system and method based on multistation lightning low frequency pulse signal |
| CN106908860A (en) * | 2017-05-09 | 2017-06-30 | 四川中光防雷科技股份有限公司 | A kind of Lightning Warning system |
| CN108226723B (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2021-03-02 | 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 | Method and system for determining plate electrode for simulating overhead line near-zone electric field in lightning stroke process |
| CN109829408B (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2022-05-17 | 中国科学技术大学 | Intelligent lightning recognition device based on convolutional neural network |
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